Apoptosis related
Inhibitory Selectivity
Apoptosis related Products
Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
---|---|---|---|
S9721New |
ASLAN003ASLAN003 (LAS 186323) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of DHODH (Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) with IC50 of 35 nM for human DHODH enzyme activity. ASLAN003 impairs protein synthesis and induces the differentiation and apoptosis transcriptional program in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells via activation of AP-1 transcription factors. |
||
S9785New |
FatostatinFatostatin (125B11), a diarylthiazole derivative, is a specific inhibitor of Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) activation. Fatostatin binds to SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein), and inhibits the ER-Golgi translocation of SREBPs. Fatostatin suppresses growth and enhances apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S6963New |
APTO-253APTO-253 (LOR-253, LT-253) inhibits c-Myc expression and selectively induces CDKN1A (p21), promotes G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. APTO-253 is also an inducer of KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4). |
||
S1242New |
CPTH2CPTH2 is a potent histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor modulating Gcn5p network. CPTH2 induces apoptosis and decreases the invasiveness of a ccRCC cell line through the inhibition of KAT3B. |
||
S6899New |
Licochalcone DLicochalcone D (Lico D, LCD, LD), a flavonoid isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Licochalcone D inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in LPS signaling pathway. Licochalcone D inhibits JAK2, EGFR and Met (c-Met) activities and induces ROS-dependent apoptosis. Licochalcone D also induces caspases activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. |
||
S5248New |
ApatinibApatinib is a potent inhibitor of the VEGF signaling pathway with IC50 values of 1 nM, 13 nM, 429 nM and 530 nM for VEGFR-2, Ret (c-Ret), c-Kit and c-Src, respectively. Apatinib induces both autophagy and apoptosis. |
||
S3245New |
NodakenetinNodakenetin (NANI), a plant-derived coumarin isolated from Angelica decursiva, inhibits α-glucosidase, PTP1B, rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), AChE, BChE, and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Nodakenetin alters the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2, and prompts mitochondrial apoptosis. Nodakenetin exhibits anti-tumor activity. |
||
S3267New |
Kaempferol-3-O-rutinosideKaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Nicotiflorin, Nikotoflorin, Kaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside), a flavonoid extracted from Carthamus tinctorius, alters the shape and structure of injured neurons, decreases the number of apoptotic cells, down-regulates expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, caspase-3, and Bax and decreases Bax immunoredactivity, and increases Bcl-2 protein expression and immunoreactivity. |
||
S3296New |
HispidulinHispidulin (Dinatin), an active natrual ingredient in a number of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, exhibits inhibitory activity against the oncogenic protein kinase Pim-1 with IC50 of 2.71 μM. Hispidulin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of P13k/Akt signalling pathway in HepG2 cancer cells. Hispidulin exerts anti-osteoporotic and bone resorption attenuating effects via activating the AMPK signaling pathway. |
||
S3300New |
DesoxyrhaponticinDesoxyrhaponticin (DC, DES), a stilbene glycoside from Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. (rhubarb) which is a traditional Chinese nutritional food, is a fatty acid synthase (FAS/FASN) inhibitor. Desoxyrhaponticin (DC, DES) is also a competitive inhibitor of glucose uptake with IC50 of 148.3 μM and 30.9 μM in rabbit intestinal membrane vesicles and in rat everted gut sleeves, respectively. Desoxyrhaponticin has apoptotic effect on human cancer cells. |
||
S9698New |
EzatiostatEzatiostat (TER199, TLK199, Telintra), a tripeptide analog of glutathione, is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1). Ezatiostat activates c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK1) and ERK1/ERK2 and induces apoptosis. |
||
S3287New |
RosamultinRosamultin is a 19 α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid isolated from Potentilla anserina L. that inhibits HIV-1 protease. Rosamultin has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. |
||
S6894New |
BCHBCH (2-Aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, LAT1-IN-1) is a selective and competitive inhibitor of system L amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). BCH (LAT1-IN-1) induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S3256New |
TectochrysinTectochrysin (Techtochrysin, NSC 80687) is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. Tectochrysin significantly increases the expression of DR3, DR4 and Fas and inhibits activity of NF-κB. Tectochrysin induces apoptotic cell death. |
||
S6852New |
GossypolGossypol (BL 193) is an orally-active polyphenol isolated from cotton seeds and roots. Gossypol is a potent inhibitor of 5α-reductase 1 and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with IC50 of 3.33 μM and 0.52 μM in cell-free assay, respectively. Gossypol also inhibits the binding of BH3 peptide to Bcl protein with IC50 of 0.4 μM and 10 μM for Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, respectively. Gossypol induces apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in various cancer cells. |
||
S6885New |
AilanthoneAilanthone (AIL, Δ13-Dehydrochaparrinone), a natural anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) component in Ailanthus altissima, induces G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest by decreasing expression of cyclins and CDKs and increases expression of p21 and p27. Ailanthone triggers DNA damage characterized by activation of the ATM/ATR pathway. Ailanthone induces apoptosis which is mitochondrion-mediated and involves the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Huh7 cells. Ailanthone is also a potent inhibitor of both full-length Androgen Receptor (AR-FL) and constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR-Vs, AR1-651) with IC50 of 69 nM and 309 nM, respectively. |
||
S9668New |
PKR-IN-C16PKR-IN-C16 (imoxin, C16, Imidazolo-oxindole PKR inhibitor C16) is a specific inhibitor of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR, Protein Kinase R, EIF2AK2). PKR-IN-C16 prevents apoptosis and IL-1β production in an acute excitotoxic rat model with a neuroinflammatory component. |
||
S6877New |
EOAI3402143EOAI3402143 is a dose-dependent inhibitor of Usp9x, Usp24 and Usp5 that increases tumor cell apoptosis, and fully blocks or regresses myeloma tumors in mice. |
||
S6882New |
HI-TOPK-032HI-TOPK-032 is a potent and specific inhibitor of TOPK. HI-TOPK-032 also reduces ERK-RSK phosphorylation, regulates of the abundance of p53, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved PARP, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S6871New |
Sodium oxamateSodium oxamate (SO, Aminooxoacetic acid, Oxamic acid) is an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that specificly inhibits LDH‑A. Sodium oxamate (SO) induces G2/M cell cycle arrest via downregulation of the CDK1/cyclin B1 pathway and promotes apoptosis through enhancement of mitochondrial ROS generation. |
||
S8543New |
ARN-3236ARN-3236 is a potent, orally available and selective inhibitor of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) with IC50 of <1 nM, 21.63 nM and 6.63 nM for SIK2, SIK1 and SIK3, respectively. ARN-3236 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S0918New |
Ginkgolic acid C17:1Ginkgolic acid C17:1 (GAC 17:1) inhibits constitutive activation of STAT3 through the abrogation of upstream JAK2 and Src. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 can induce the substantial expression of PTEN and SHP-1. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 induces apoptosis of tumor cells. |
||
S0949New |
Cucurbitacin IIbCucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb, Dihydrocucurbitacin F, 25-deacetyl hemslecin A) inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB, blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α. Cucurbitacin IIb exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and induces apoptosis. Cucurbitacin IIb is isolated from Hemsleya amabilis. |
||
S0884New |
RA-9RA-9 is a cell-permeable, potent and selective inhibitor of proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with favorable toxicity profile and anticancer activity. RA-9 selectively induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. |
||
S8965New |
BO-264BO-264 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) with IC50 of 188 nM and Kd of 1.5 nM. BO-264 specifically blocks the function of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein. BO-264 induces SAC-dependent mitotic arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage with antitumor activities. |
||
S8974New |
GSK2795039GSK2795039 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) with pIC50 of 6.57 for NOX2-mediated activation of HRP/Amplex Red. GSK2795039 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NADPH consumption and reduces apoptosis. |
||
S8981New |
NVP-2NVP-2, a potent, selective, non-neurotoxic and ATP-competitive cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.514 nM for CDK9/CycT activity and induces cell apoptosis. |
||
S9602New |
9-ing-419-ING-41 is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with antitumor activity. 9-ING-41 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at prophase by targeting centrosomes and microtubule-bound GSK3β. |
||
S7895New |
ThapsigarginThapsigargin is a potent, non-competitive inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) with IC50 of 0.353 nM or 0.448 nM for the carbachol-evoked [Ca2+]i-transients with or without a KCl-prestimulation. Thapsigargin induces cell apoptosis. Thapsigargin is extracted from a plant, Thapsia garganica. |
||
S8961New |
Alobresib (GS-5829)Alobresib (GS-5829) is a novel BET inhibitor that represents a highly effective therapeutics agent against recurrent/chemotherapy-resistant USC-overexpressing c-Myc. Alobresib (GS-5829) inhibits CLL cell proliferation and induces leukemia cell apoptosis through deregulation of key signaling pathways, such as BLK, AKT, ERK1/2, and MYC. Alobresib (GS-5829) also inhibits NF-κB signaling. |
||
S0709New |
Tubastatin A TFATubastatin A TFA (Tubastatin A trifluoroacetate salt) is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold). Tubastatin A promotes autophagy and increases apoptosis. |
||
S0765New |
MAZ51MAZ51 is a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 (Flt-4) tyrosine kinase. MAZ51 induces cell rounding and G2/M cell cycle arrest in glioma cells through phosphorylation of Akt/GSK3β and activation of RhoA. MAZ51 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of a variety of non-VEGFR-3-expressing tumor cell lines. |
||
S6615New |
ATB 346ATB 346, a novel hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of naproxen with remarkably reduced toxicity, inhibits COX activity. ATB 346 is an anti-inflammatory agent that induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells. |
||
S0444New |
IndibulinIndibulin (ZIO 301, D 24851, Zybulin) is an orally applied inhibitor of tubulin assembly with potent anticancer activity. Indibulin induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S0354New |
AlsterpaulloneAlsterpaullone (Alp, 9-Nitropaullone, NSC 705701) is a potent inhibitor of CDK with IC50 of 35 nM, 15 nM, 200 nM and 40 nM for CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK5/p35, respectively. Alsterpaullone also acts as a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with IC50 of both 4 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β. Alsterpaullone induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-9. Alsterpaullone has antitumor activity and possesses potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative and proliferative disorders. |
||
S0278New |
SU5614SU5614 (Chloro-SU5416, Chloro-Semaxanib) is a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) inhibitor of VEGFR-2, c-kit, and both wild-type and mutant FLT3. SU5614 reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. |
||
S0231New |
NSC15364NSC 15364 (compound 59) is an inhibitor that directly interacts with VDAC1 and prevents VDAC1 oligomerization, concomitant with an inhibition of apoptosis. |
||
S0103New |
ML327ML327 is an isoxazole compound that blocks MYC expression and tumor formation in neuroblastoma. ML327 also restores E-cadherin expression with In-Cell Western EC50 of 1.0 μM. ML327 induces apoptosis. |
||
S0056New |
(E/Z)-BCI(E/Z)-BCI (BCI, NSC 150117) is an inhibitor of dual specific phosphatase 1/6 (DUSP1/DUSP6) and mitogen-activated protein kinase with EC50 of 13.3 μM and 8.0 μM for DUSP6 and DUSP1 in cells, respectively. (E)-BCI induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in H1299 lung cancer cells. |
||
S1077 |
SB202190 (FHPI)SB202190 (FHPI) is a potent p38 MAPK inhibitor targeting p38α/β with IC50 of 50 nM/100 nM in cell-free assays, sometimes used instead of SB 203580 to investigate potential roles for SAPK2a/p38 in vivo. SB202190 inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis via induction of autophagy and heme oxygenase-1. SB202190 significantly suppresses Erastin‐dependent ferroptosis. |
![]() ![]() C, Jurkat cells with SB202190 at 1, 5, and 10 μM were tested, and a decreased SRP72 expression was found when using at 10 μM (lanes 8 and 9). D, results were analyzed and RUA illustrated, finding significant results at 10 μM at 240 versus 0 and 120 versus 0 min (p<0.05).
|
|
S1132 |
3-Aminobenzamide3-Aminobenzamide (3-ABA , 3-Amino Benzamide, 3-AB) is a potent inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) and inhibits cell apoptosis after SCI (Spinal Cord Injury) in caspase-independent way. |
![]() ![]() Effect of DPQ and INO-1001 on ADP-, collagen- or PAR1ap-induced platelet aggregation. Human PRP samples were preincubated with PARP inhibitor (50 μM) or its vehicle and then stimulated with ADP (1.5 to 5 μM; to produce a biphasic aggregation curve), collagen (1 to 2 μg/ml) or PAR1ap (1 to 2 μM). Results are expressed relatively to platelet agonist alone (=vehicle group; normalized to 100%) and presented as the mean±SD (n=5-6). |
|
S8037 |
Necrostatin-1Necrostatin-1 is a specific RIP1 (RIPK1) inhibitor and inhibits TNF-α-induced necroptosis with EC50 of 490 nM in 293T cells. Necrostatin-1 also blocks IDO and suppresses autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Cytosolic extracts or nuclear extracts were examined by Western blot analysis using Abs against p105/p50, p100/p52 and phospho-p65. Solid arrowhead indicates a non-specific band. A nuclear marker, PARP, and cytosolic marker, b-tubulin, were used to assess the purity of each fraction.
|
|
S2872 |
GW5074GW5074 is a potent and selective c-Raf inhibitor with IC50 of 9 nM, no effect on the activities of JNK1/2/3, MEK1, MKK6/7, CDK1/2, c-Src, p38 MAP, VEGFR2 or c-Fms is noted. GW5074 inhibits LK-induced apoptosis. |
![]() ![]()
Effect of select kinase inhibitors on DF508-CFTR maturation analyzed by immunoblotting. 293MSR-GT cells stably expressing DF508-CFTR were treated with 15 uM kinase inhibitors or 0.3% DMSO (vehicle control), as indicated, grown at 37 °C for 48 h, and the appearance of the mature protein, band C, monitored by immunoblotting with anti-CFTR antibodies. Band B represents the immature protein. DMSO represents vehicle-alone control, 27 °C represents temperature rescue of F508-CFTR at 27 °C, 37 °C represents untreated DF508-CFTR control, and WT represents WT-CFTR. Top panels depict the anti-CFTR immunoblot and bottom panels depict actin (loading) control. ** represents cellular toxicity.
|
|
S1386 |
Nafamostat MesylateNafamostat mesilate (FUT-175) is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, used as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis. Nafamostat mesylate blocks activation of SARS-CoV-2 and is investigated as a new treatment option for COVID-19. Nafamostat Mesilate attenuates inflammation and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunofluorescence of NF-κB/p65 in HCT 116 and SW 1116 cells exposed to TNFα (25 ng/ml) with or without nafamostat mesilate(FLU) (100 μM). Scale bars: 20 μm. |
|
S7033 |
GSK2656157GSK2656157 is an ATP-competitive and highly selective inhibitor of PERK with IC50 of 0.9 nM in a cell-free assay, 500-fold greater against a panel of 300 kinases. GSK2656157 decreases apoptosis and inhibits excessive autophagy. |
![]() ![]() GSK2656157 inhibits excessive autophagy in kri1lcas002 HSPCs. Representative confocal images of mCherry-Lc3 puncta (autophagosomes) in kri1lcas002 mutant embryos in Tg (cmyb: egfp) transgenic background are shown. Scale bars, 5 μm.
|
|
S1733 |
MethylprednisoloneMethylprednisolone (NSC-19987) is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, used to achieve prompt suppression of inflammation. Methylprednisolone activates ACE2 and reduces IL-6 levels, thus improves severe or critical COVID-19. Methylprednisolone markedly reduces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Motor disturbances of the rat hindlimbs after SCI, using an inclined plane test. Key: ◇ = PBS group; ■ = Sal B group; ▲ = methylprednisolone group.
|
|
S8632 |
Chk2 Inhibitor II (BML-277)Chk2 Inhibitor II (BML-277) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Chk2 with IC50 of 15 nM. It is 1000-fold more selective toward Chk2 serine/threonine kinase than for Chk1 and Cdk1/B kinases. Chk2 Inhibitor II (BML-277) dose dependently protects human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells from apoptosis due to ionizing radiation. |
||
S1078 |
MK-2206 2HClMK-2206 2HCl is a highly selective inhibitor of Akt1/2/3 with IC50 of 8 nM/12 nM/65 nM in cell-free assays, respectively; no inhibitory activities against 250 other protein kinases observed. MK-2206 2HCl induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() VE-cadherin-induced Akt activation mediates YAP phosphorylation and translocation in ECs. HUVECs were starved for 1h and treated with thrombin (1U) for 1h. Total cell lysates were probed with anti-pAkt, Akt or b-actin antibody. The representative blots of three independent experiments are depicted, and the normalized values for p-Akt are shown. HUVECs were cultured and starved as described as in d and incubated for 8h in complete medium with the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206 (1 uM). pAkt, Akt, pYAP and YAP were detected by western blotting using specific antibodies.
|
|
S1008 |
Selumetinib (AZD6244)Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is a potent, highly selective MEK inhibitor with IC50 of 14 nM for MEK1 and Kd value of 530 nM for MEK2. It also inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation with IC50 of 10 nM, no inhibition to p38α, MKK6, EGFR, ErbB2, ERK2, B-Raf, etc. Selumetinib suppresses cell proliferation, migration and trigger apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Stimulation response of p37d-expressing cells. (c) Western blot of 5 min serum stimulated HEK-293 cells stably expressing p37d, p110d or control, with the presence of inhibitors as indicated at the top. |
|
S1002 |
ABT-737ABT-737 is a BH3 mimetic inhibitor of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and Bcl-w with EC50 of 78.7 nM, 30.3 nM and 197.8 nM in cell-free assays, respectively; no inhibition observed against Mcl-1, Bcl-B or Bfl-1. ABT-737 induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and mitophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Cardiomyocytes transduced with or without Ad-Mst1 were treated with ABT-737 (0, 0.1, 1, 10 uM) for 12 hours. Representative immunoblots with antibodies to p62/SQSTM1, LC3 and GAPDH are shown. |
|
S2619 |
MG-132MG132 is a potent cell-permeable proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC50s of 0.1 μM and 1.2 μM for the inhibition of proteasome and calpain, respectively. MG132 activates autophagy and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. |
![]() ![]() MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 10 uM MG132 and incubated under normoxia or hypoxia for 4 h. Endogenous interaction between LATS2 and SIAH2 was analysed by immunoprecipitation.
|
|
S1040 |
Sorafenib TosylateSorafenib Tosylate (Bay 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor of Raf-1 and B-Raf with IC50 of 6 nM and 22 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Sorafenib Tosylate inhibits VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3 and c-KIT with IC50 of 90 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM, 59 nM and 68 nM, respectively. Sorafenib Tosylate induces autophagy and apoptosis and activates ferroptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
![]() ![]()
Inhibition of breast cancer cell growth using sorafenib. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with increasing concentrations of sorafenib for 5 days. Cell number was measured using a colorimetric growth assay (crystal violet stain) and expressed relative to DMSO treated control cells. |
|
S3168New |
cis-Resveratrolcis-Resveratrol (cis-RESV, cRes, (Z)-Resveratrol) is the Cis isomer of Resveratrol. Resveratrol is a natural phenolic compound with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol is an inhibitor of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and an activator of Nrf2 and SIRT1 and may induce apoptosis. Resveratrol also inhibits a wide spectrum of targets including 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), IKKβ, DNA polymerases α and δ with IC50 of 2.7 μM, <1 μM, 1 μM, 3.3 μM and 5 μM, respectively. |
||
S6990New |
PhytohemagglutininPhytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in human HEp-2 carcinoma cells via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3. |
||
S3336New |
Heptadecanoic acidHeptadecanoic acid (C17:0), an odd chain saturated fatty acid, significantly inhibits cell proliferation, and migration, while promoting apoptosis in PC‑9 and PC‑9/GR cells. Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis. |
||
S6957New |
β-Elemeneβ-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene, Levo-β-elemene) is a sesquiterpene compound extracted from the herb Curcuma Rhizoma with antitumor activities. β-elemene can inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle, and induce cell apoptosis or autophagy. |
||
S3357New |
Elaidic acidElaidic acid is a major trans fatty acid that inhibits cell viability, elevates cell apoptosis by enhancing oxidative stress. Elaidic acid can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. |
||
S3289New |
DaphnoretinDaphnoretin (Dephnoretin, Thymelol), a biologically active compound isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey., is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Daphnoretin inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells and promote its apoptosis by regulating the activity of Akt signal pathway. |
||
S3224New |
CinobufaginCinobufagin (Cinobufagine), an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. Cinobufagin increases ATM and Chk2 and decreases CDC25C, CDK1, and cyclin B. Cinobufagin inhibits PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 while increases levels of cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, Cinobufagin induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis. |
||
S3238New |
ResibufogeninResibufogenin (Bufogenin, Recibufogenin), a component of huachansu with anticancer effect, triggers necroptosis through upregulating receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylating mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein at Ser358. Resibufogenin exerts cytotoxic effect by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Resibufogenin induces apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity. Resibufogenin increases Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and suppresses cyclin D1, cyclin E, PI3K, p-AKT, p-GSK3β and β-catenin protein expression. |
||
S3271New |
CaudatinCaudatin (Cauldatin), one species of C‑21 steroidal from Cynanchum auriculatum (C. auriculatum), effectively inhibits human glioma growth in vitro and in vivo through triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S3275New |
Senkyunolide ISenkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) is an orally active compound isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong with analgesic, anti-migraine, neuroprotective, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis activities. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) up-regulates the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation with enhanced HO-1 and NQO1 expressions. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) promotes the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibits the expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9. |
||
S0913New |
4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone (5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone, TMF) is a flavonoid isolated from Kaempferia parviflora (KP) that induces apoptosis. 4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone increases sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, annexin-V/PI staining and Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, activates caspase-3 and degrades poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. |
||
S9604New |
IM156IM156 (HL156A), a metformin derivative, is a potent activator of AMPK that increases AMPK phosphorylation. IM156 blocks oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through the inhibition of complex I and increases apoptosis. IM156 ameliorates various types of fibrosis and inhibits tumors. |
||
S9634New |
Phenoxodiol (Haginin E)Phenoxodiol (Haginin E, Idronoxil, Dehydroequol, NV 06, PXD) is an isoflavone analog with antineoplastic activity that activates the caspase system, inhibits XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis), and disrupts FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP) expression, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II. |
||
S0411New |
BAM 15BAM 15 is a novel mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler capable of protecting mammals from acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury and cold-induced microtubule damage. BAM 15 is also a potent AMPK activator. BAM 15 attenuates transportation-induced apoptosis in iPS-differentiated retinal tissue. |
||
S1021 |
DasatinibDasatinib (BMS-354825) is a novel, potent and multi-targeted inhibitor that targets Abl, Src and c-Kit, with IC50 of <1 nM, 0.8 nM and 79 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Dasatinib induces autophagy and apoptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
![]() ![]() Combinational treatment of kinase inhibitors induces the similar phenotype produced by PP1. All images are lateral view with dorsal to the top and anterior to the left. The combinational treatment of Dasatinib (D) or U0126 (U) with Sunitinib (SU),PTK787 (PTK), or ZM323881 (Z) resulted in the shrinkage of dorsal aorta. |
|
S1120 |
Everolimus (RAD001)Everolimus (RAD001) is an mTOR inhibitor of FKBP12 with IC50 of 1.6-2.4 nM in a cell-free assay. Everolimus induces cell apoptosis and autophagy and inhibits tumor cells proliferation. |
![]() ![]() Cytoskeleton organisation of 786-O SuR treated with NVP-LDE225 (2.5 uM), everolimus (1 uM), and their combination for 24 h was analysed by confocal microscopy. Actin-based structures were revealed by rhodaminated phalloidin staining (red fluorescence). Localisation of focal adhesion points was obtained by immunofluorescent staining of p-paxillin (green fluorescence). Merged row images show overlapping of p-paxillin and actin signals. Moreover, all captures were shown in transmitted light. Scale bars, 10 um.
|
|
S1025 |
Gefitinib (ZD1839)Gefitinib (ZD-1839, Iressa) is an EGFR inhibitor for Tyr1173, Tyr992, Tyr1173 and Tyr992 in the NR6wtEGFR and NR6W cells with IC50 of 37 nM, 37nM, 26 nM and 57 nM, respectively. Gefitinib promotes autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells via blockade of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. |
![]() ![]() Perturbation of EGFR by its ligand EGF and gefitinib (ZD-1839 Iressat; inhibits EGFR) produces opposite responses in the predicted EGFR target genes SOCS2 and NR2E1. |
|
S1004 |
Veliparib (ABT-888)Veliparib (ABT-888, NSC 737664) is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 with Ki of 5.2 nM and 2.9 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. It is inactive to SIRT2. Veliparib increases autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]()
Number of foci detected using laser confocal microscopy and fluorescent Fluor 647 anti-H2A.X-phosphorylated (Ser139) antibody. Double-stranded breaks (red) are clearly augmented in cells incubated with 500 nmol/l of ABT-888 and 500 nmol/l of AZD-2281 compared with PBS and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide controls. Image analysis was performed using ImageJ and the ‘analyze particle’ function. |
|
S1053 |
Entinostat (MS-275)Entinostat (MS-275, SNDX-275) strongly inhibits HDAC1 and HDAC3 with IC50 of 0.51 μM and 1.7 μM in cell-free assays, compared with HDACs 4, 6, 8, and 10. Entinostat induces autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() (A) U87 cells were cultured in the presence of DMSO, 1 uM MS-275 alone, 100 ng/ml IFN-λ1 alone, or both for the course of 4 d. Cell numbers were manually determined by hemacytometer counting at the indicated time points. (B, F) Cell proliferation of U87 cells or U87 spheroids in 3D culture with indicated treatment were performed using the WST-1 assay, which measures active cellular metabolism. (C) U87 spheroid formation in 3D culture was photographed at day 14 in culture (representative images are shown; 200x magnification). (D-E) Quantification of the relative sizes and numbers of U87 spheroids in (C). (G) Cell cycle analysis was performed in U87 cells with indicated treatment using propidium iodide staining. Numbers in the histogram show fractions (percent) of sub-G1, N, 2N, and polyploidy from left to right. (H) U87 cells with indicated treatment were stained with Annexin V-FITC and 7-AAD. Numbers indicate the percentage of FITC-positive cells (upper left quadrant). FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; 7-AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin. In all panels, data represent the mean and SEM of at least three experiments.
|
|
S1109 |
BI 2536BI-2536 is a potent Plk1 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.83 nM in a cell-free assay. BI-2536 inhibits Bromodomain 4 (BRD4) with Kd of 37 nM and potently suppresses c-Myc expression. BI-2536 induces apoptosis and attenuates autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1065 |
Pictilisib (GDC-0941)Pictilisib (GDC-0941, RG7321) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ with IC50 of 3 nM in cell-free assays, with modest selectivity against p110β (11-fold) and p110γ (25-fold). Pictilisib (GDC-0941) induces autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() TGF-β induces mTORC2 activation. ( A ) NMuMG cells were treated with TGF-β for the indicated times before lysis and immunoblotting. (B ) NMuMG cells were treated or not with TGF-β for the indicated times, in the presence or absence of SB431542 or LY294002. Cell lysates were subjected to anti-Rictor immunoprecipitation, and the immunoprecipitates were subjected to in vitro kinase assays using kinase-inactive Akt1 as a substrate, before immunoblotting of the kinase reactions, immunoprecipitates and cell lysates. The left panels are from the same gel, without differential exposure. ( C ) NMuMG cells were treated or not with TGF-β or insulin for the indicated times, in the presence or absence of SB431542 or GDC-0941. The kinase activity of mTORC2 was then assessed as in B. The top panels are from the same gel, without differential exposure. (D) NMuMG cells were treated or not with TGF-β for the indicated times, in the presence or absence of SB431542 or LY294002. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation using Rictor antibody, and/or immunoblotted. |
|
S1105 |
LY294002LY294002 (SF 1101, NSC 697286) is the first synthetic molecule known to inhibit PI3Kα/δ/β with IC50 of 0.5 μM/0.57 μM/0.97 μM, respectively; more stable in solution than Wortmannin, and also blocks autophagosome formation. It not only binds to class I PI3Ks and other PI3K-related kinases, but also to novel targets seemingly unrelated to the PI3K family. LY294002 also inhibits CK2 with IC50 of 98 nM. LY294002 is a non-specific DNA-PKcs inhibitor and activates autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Inhibition of PI3K, ERK and mTOR prevents the activation of S6K1 and S6 induced by suppression of PKD1 activity. A549 cells were incubated in the absence (-) or presence of either 5 uM Kb or 5 uM Kb and 20 uM LY294002 or 5 uM Kb and 10 uM BKM120 (as indicated) for 1 h prior to stimulation of cells with 50 nM PMA for 30 min and 1 h.
|
|
S2673 |
Trametinib (GSK1120212)Trametinib (GSK1120212, JTP-74057, Mekinist) is a highly specific and potent MEK1/2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.92 nM/1.8 nM in cell-free assays, no inhibition of the kinase activities of c-Raf, B-Raf, ERK1/2. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() ERK phosphorylates FBW7 at T205. PANC-1 cells were pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and trametinib, as indicated, overnight before harvest. Endogenous FBW7 phosphorylation status was examined by immunoblot analysis after immunoprecipitates (IP).
|
|
S1378 |
Ruxolitinib (INCB018424)Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is the first potent, selective, JAK1/2 inhibitor to enter the clinic with IC50 of 3.3 nM/2.8 nM in cell-free assays, >130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 versus JAK3. Ruxolitinib kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy. Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() STAT3 phosphorylation as determined by phospho flow, mixed lymphocyte reactions containing BALB/c spleen-derived CD4+ T cells co-cultured with or without C57BL/6 BM-derived DC preactivated with 20 ng/mL LPS.
|
|
S1030 |
Panobinostat (LBH589)Panobinostat (LBH589, NVP-LBH589) is a novel broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay. Panobinostat (LBH589) induces autophagy and apoptosis. Panobinostat effectively disrupts HIV latency in vivo. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() LSD1 and HDAC inhibitors exhibit synergistic growth inhibition. Cells were simultaneously treated with pargyline or HDAC inhibitors for 48 h.
|
|
S1042 |
Sunitinib MalateSunitinib Malate is a multi-targeted RTK inhibitor targeting VEGFR2 (Flk-1) and PDGFRβ with IC50 of 80 nM and 2 nM in cell-free assays, and also inhibits c-Kit. Sunitinib Malate effectively inhibits autophosphorylation of Ire1α. Sunitinib Malate increases both death receptor and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Sunitinib decreases FLT-3 and RET phosphor ylation but increases ERK phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. H295R and SW13 cells were treated with sunitinib (10 nM) for various time points as indi-cated. Cell lysates were prepared and phospho-FLT-3, RET, and ERK levels were monitored by Western Blot-ting. Re-probing against FLT-3, RET, and ERK was done to ensure equal protein loading. |
|
S1133 |
Alisertib (MLN8237)Alisertib (MLN8237) is a selective Aurora A inhibitor with IC50 of 1.2 nM in a cell-free assay. It has >200-fold higher selectivity for Aurora A than Aurora B. Alisertib induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Alisertib inhibits AURKA and AURKB in a concentration-dependent manner. (a) Alisertib induces G 2 /M delay or genome reduplication. HeLa cells were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. The positions of 2N, 4N and 8N DNA contents are indicated. (b) Alisertib delays mitotic exit or induces slippage. HeLa cells stably expressing histone H2B-GFP were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. Individual cells were then tracked for 24 h with time-lapse microscopy. Each horizontal bar represents one cell (n ¼ 50). Key: light gray ¼ interphase; black ¼ mitosis (from DNA condensation to anaphase or mitotic slippage); dark gray ¼ interphase after mitotic slippage; truncated bars ¼ cell death. (c) Different concentrations of Alisertib are involved in delaying mitotic exit and inducing slippage. Live-cell imaging of cells treated with Alisertib was described in panel (b). The duration of mitosis (mean±90% confidence interval) and the percentage of cells that underwent mitotic slippage during the imaging period was quantified. (d) Alisertib promotes apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The cells were then harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. (e) Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of Alisertib. HeLa cells were cultured in the presence of the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The number of live and dead cells was analyzed with trypan blue exclusion assay. (f) Concentration-dependent suppression of long-term survival by Alisertib. HeLa cells were seeded on 60-mm culture plates and grown in the presence of 250 n M or 1 m M of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were washed gently and propagated in normal medium for another 10–12 days. Colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet solution (examples of the plates are shown). Average±s.d. from three independent experiments. (g) Both AURKA and AURKB are inhibited by Alisertib.Mitotic HeLa cells were obtained by exposure to nocodazole for 16 h followed by mechanical shake off. The cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 2 h. Lysates were then prepared and activated phospho-AURKAThr288 and AURKBThr232were detected with immunoblotting. The asterisk indicates the position of an AURKB-like protein (the same throughout this study). Uniform loading was confirmed by immunoblotting for actin. In this assay, nocodazole and MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) were added to prevent the cells from exiting mitosis. Accordingly, the total AURKA and AURKB levels remained constant throughout the experiment. (h) Alisertib prevents activation of AURKA and AURKB. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 8 h. Nocodazole was then added for another 6 h to trap cells that entered mitosis. Lysates were prepared and analyzed with immunoblotting. Actin analysis was included to assess loading and transfer. |
|
S1029 |
Lenalidomide (CC-5013)Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is a TNF-α secretion inhibitor with IC50 of 13 nM in PBMCs. Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is a ligand of ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), and it causes selective ubiquitination and degradation of two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, by the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase. Lenalidomide promotes cleaved caspase-3 expression and inhibit VEGF expression and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]()
Effect of lenalidomide treatment (50 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 3 days) on expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), and cleaved caspase-3 in myocardium from lean and ob/ob mice. (a) Representative gel blots of TNF-α, IL-6, Fas, FasL, cleaved caspase-3 and α-Tubulin (as loading control) using specific antibodies. (b) TNF-α. |
|
S1208 |
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HClDoxorubicin (Adriamycin, NSC 123127, DOX) HCl (hydrochloride) is an antibiotic agent that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II and induces DNA damage, mitophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells. Doxorubicin reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK. Doxorubicin is used in the concomitant treatment of HIV-infected patients but is found to be at high risk of HBV reactivation. |
![]() ![]() Cell viabilities with increasing concentrations of cisplatin (CP) and doxorubicin (DOXO) under normoxic and hypoxic condition for 48 hours were determined by MTT assay. IC50 values are presented as the means ?SDs (n=4) and * denotes p<0.05. |
|
S1555 |
AZD8055AZD8055 is a novel ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 nM in MDA-MB-468 cells with excellent selectivity (∼1,000-fold) against PI3K isoforms and ATM/DNA-PK. AZD8055 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and also induces autophagy. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 activates PI3K accompanied with induction of expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and IRS1. Serum-deprived CHO-EGFP-AKT cells were incubated with 50 nM AZD8055 for 24 hr. The EGFP signal was detected using confocal microscopy. The white arrows indicate EGFP-AKT located on cellular membrane.
|
|
S1119 |
Cabozantinib (BMS-907351)Cabozantinib (XL184, BMS-907351) is a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.035 nM and also inhibits c-Met, Ret, Kit, Flt-1/3/4, Tie2, and AXL with IC50 of 1.3 nM, 4 nM, 4.6 nM, 12 nM/11.3 nM/6 nM, 14.3 nM and 7 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Cabozantinib induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells via AKT/GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. |
![]() ![]() Effects of AXL inhibitors on induction of pAKT and rescue of pERK following AXL overexpression. R428, 500 nmol/L; XL184, 3 umol/L; XL880, 100 nmol/L; in the presence or absence of 2 umol/L PLX4720. shAXL is a positive control.
|
|
S1460 |
SP600125SP600125 (Nsc75890) is a broad-spectrum JNK inhibitor for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 with IC50 of 40 nM, 40 nM and 90 nM in cell-free assays, respectively; 10-fold greater selectivity against MKK4, 25-fold greater selectivity against MKK3, MKK6, PKB, and PKCα, and 100-fold selectivity against ERK2, p38, Chk1, EGFR etc. SP600125 is also a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of serine/threonine kinases including Aurora kinase A,FLT3 and TRKA with of IC50 of 60 nM, 90 nM and 70 nM. SP600125 inhibits autophagy and activates apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Loss of DUSP4 function upregulates IL-6 and IL-8 and enhances mammosphere growth. Immunoblot analysis of MDA-231 cells after treatment of 24 hours with 1 umol/L selumetinib (MEKi) or 10 umol/L SP600125 (JNKi). I, MDA-231 mammosphere formation quantitated by GelCount software 7 days after siRNA transfection. Where indicated, selumetinib (MEKi) or SP600125 (JNK1) or the combination was added to the mammosphere cultures.
|
|
S1020 |
PD184352 (CI-1040)PD184352 (CI-1040) is an ATP non-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor with IC50 of 17 nM in cell-based assays, 100-fold more selective for MEK1/2 than MEK5. PD184352 (CI-1040) selectively induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]()
Melanoma cell viability and in vivo growth by cyclindependent kinase 2/4 inhibition. Western blot analysis for c-Jun, phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (p-ERK1/2), and total ERK1/2 protein levels was done for human melanoma cell lines treated with the BRAFV600E inhibitor GDC-0879 (1 μM), or MEK inhibitors CI-1040 (1 μM), U0126 (1 μM), and PD98059 (10 μM) for 18 hours. |
|
S2247 |
Buparlisib (BKM120)Buparlisib (BKM120, NVP-BKM120) is a selective PI3K inhibitor of p110α/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 52 nM/166 nM/116 nM/262 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Reduced potency against VPS34, mTOR, DNAPK, with little activity to PI4Kβ. Buparlisib induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() AN3CA (A) and JHUEM2 (B) cells were treated for the indicated times with DMSO, 0.3 μM BGJ398 (BGJ), 0.3 μM GDC-0941 (GDC), 0.6 μM BYL719 (BYL) and 0.6 μM BKM120 (BKM) alone or in combination. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies for phospho-AKT (Ser473), total AKT, phospho-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204), ERK2, phospho-S6 (Ser240/244), total S6, phospho-4EBP1 (Thr37/46), total 4EBP1, total PARP and cleaved PARP. Tubulin was detected as the loading control. Western blot analysis of AN3CA and JHUEM2. |
|
S1141 |
Tanespimycin (17-AAG)Tanespimycin (17-AAG, CP127374, NSC-330507, KOS 953) is a potent HSP90 inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay, having a 100-fold higher binding affinity for HSP90 derived from tumour cells than HSP90 from normal cells. Tanespimycin (17-AAG) induces apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and mitophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() SKBR3 cells were treated with FW-04-806 at 10, 20, 40 uM for 24 h; 17AAG was used as a positive control at 1 and 2 uM. Hsp70, Hsp90, and Cdc37 protein level were analyzed with western blotting using relevant antibodies.
|
|
S2215 |
DAPT (GSI-IX)DAPT (GSI-IX, LY-374973) is a novel γ-secretase inhibitor, which inhibits Aβ production with IC50 of 20 nM in HEK 293 cells. DAPT enhances the apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma cells and regulates autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Western blotting showing increased unconjugated SUMO1 levels in Notch1 ΔE cells treated with 10 uM DAPT for 3 days. Tubulin was used as a loading control.
|
|
S1044 |
Temsirolimus (CCI-779)Temsirolimus (CCI-779, NSC 683864) is a specific mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 1.76 μM in a cell-free assay. Temsirolimus induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() mTOR inhibitors attenuate ganetespib-driven elevation of HSPs in multiple tumor cell types. A375 melanoma cells were treated with vehicle, ganetespib (25 nmol/L), BEZ235 (500 nmol/L), or temsirolimus (500 nmol/L), either alone or in combination, for 24 hours. The levels of HSP90α, HSP70, HSP27, and GAPDH were determined by immunoblotting.
|
|
S1038 |
PI-103PI-103 is a multi-targeted PI3K inhibitor for p110α/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 2 nM/3 nM/3 nM/15 nM in cell-free assays, less potent to mTOR/DNA-PK with IC50 of 30 nM/23 nM. PI-103 induces apoptosis in murine T-cell Lymphoma. |
![]() ![]() We treated all of drugs in T47D which has a PI3KCA H1044R mutation with the concentration shown below for 1 hour and performed western blot analysis using antibodies to phospho-AKT(SERINE 472), and total AKT.
|
|
S1069 |
Luminespib (NVP-AUY922)Luminespib (AUY-922, NVP-AUY922) is a highly potent HSP90 inhibitor for HSP90α/β with IC50 of 13 nM /21 nM in cell-free assays, weaker potency against the HSP90 family members GRP94 and TRAP-1, exhibits the tightest binding of any small-molecule HSP90 ligand. Luminespib (AUY-922, NVP-AUY922) effectively downregulates and destabilizes the IGF-1Rβ protein and results in growth inhibition, autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1046 |
Vandetanib (ZD6474)Vandetanib (ZD6474) is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2 with IC50 of 40 nM in a cell-free assay. It also inhibits VEGFR3 and EGFR with IC50 of 110 nM and 500 nM, respectively. Not sensitive to PDGFRβ, Flt1, Tie-2 and FGFR1 with IC50 of 1.1-3.6 μM. No activity against MEK, CDK2, c-Kit, erbB2, FAK, PDK1, Akt and IGF-1R with IC50 above 10 μM. Vandetanib (ZD6474) increases apoptosis and induces autophagy by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
![]() ![]() Vandetanib reduced extracellular nitrite levels in endothelial cells. MS1 endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with 1 mol/L of vandetanib or matched vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), 50 ng/mL of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or matched vehicle (PBS; 0.5 hours), and L-arginine and soluble N-ethylmaleamide sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) added (1.5 hours). Vandetanib lowered nitrite levels in MS1 Ecs (*P0.0003). VEGF was used a positive control and increased nitrite levels (**P0.02). These findings indicate that vandetanib lowered endothelial cell NO levels. |
|
S2194 |
R406R406 is a potent Syk inhibitor with IC50 of 41 nM in cell-free assays, strongly inhibits Syk but not Lyn, 5-fold less potent to Flt3. R406 induces apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Platelets (3 x 108/mL) were preincubated with Y27632 (10 uM), R406 (1 uM), or a combination of Y27632 and R406 for 20 minutes followed by stimulation with oxLDL (50 ug/mL) for 15 seconds and lysis. Samples were then separated by SDS-PAGE and were immunoblotted for phospho-MLCSer19, followed by reprobing for β-tubulin. (Fi) Representative blots. (Fii) Densitometric analysis of 3 independent experiments. *P < .05. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Experiments were carried out in the presence of apyrase (2 U/mL), indomethacin (10 uM), and EGTA (1 mM).
|
|
S1122 |
Mocetinostat (MGCD0103)Mocetinostat (MGCD0103, MG0103) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with most potency for HDAC1 with IC50 of 0.15 μM in a cell-free assay, 2- to 10- fold selectivity against HDAC2, 3, and 11, and no activity to HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) induces apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]()
Comparison of MCAS ovarian cancer cells harboring control and CtBP2 knockdown shRNAs for sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. For each cell line, the MTT reading of the untreated cells was assigned as 100%. HDAC inhibitors: (a) Trichostatin A; (b) Vorinostat; (c) Belinostat; (d) MGCD0103; (e) valproic acid; and (f ) carboplatin, a non-HDAC inhibitor. |
|
S2662 |
ICG-001ICG-001 antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcription and specifically binds to CREB-binding protein (CBP) with IC50 of 3 μM, but is not the related transcriptional coactivator p300. ICG-001 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() ICG-001 variably influences Wnt transcriptional activity across pancreatic cancer lines. Nuclear extracts from AsPC-1 cells treated with vehicle or 30 umol/L ICG-001 for 6 hours were immunoprecipitated with anti-CBP or control IgG antibodies followed by Western blot analyses for β-catenin and CBP.
|
|
S1108 |
TAE684 (NVP-TAE684)TAE684 (NVP-TAE684) is a potent and selective ALK inhibitor with IC50 of 3 nM in a cell-free assay, 100-fold more sensitive for ALK than InsR. TAE684 (NVP-TAE684) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (A) H3122 xenografts harboring the EML4-ALK translocation were treated with control vehicle or the ALK inhibitor, TAE-684, for 2 days; the tumors were excised and lysates were prepared. The TIMM results for the control and treated animals are shown. (B) H3122 cells were treated in the presence or absence of TAE-684 (100 nM) for 6 hours in the presence or absence of the indicated ligands [EGF (50 ng/mL), IGF1 (50 ng/mL), and HGF (50 ng/mL)]. Extracts were probed with the indicated antibodies. |
|
S1526 |
Quizartinib (AC220)Quizartinib (AC220) is a second-generation FLT3 inhibitor for Flt3(ITD/WT) with IC50 of 1.1 nM/4.2 nM in MV4-11 and RS4;11 cells, respectively, 10-fold more selective for Flt3 than KIT, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, RET, and CSF-1R. Quizartinib (AC220) induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Cotreatment with JQ1 and AC220 synergistically induces apoptosis of FLT3-ITD–expressing AML cells. MV4-11 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of AC220 and/or JQ1 for 24 hours. At the end of treatment, immunoblot analyses were conducted as indicated. The numbers beneath the blots represent densitometry analysis conducted on representative blots.
|
|
S1264 |
PD173074PD173074 is a potent FGFR1 inhibitor with IC50 of ~25 nM and also inhibits VEGFR2 with IC50 of 100-200 nM in cell-free assays, ~1000-fold selective for FGFR1 than PDGFR and c-Src. PD173074 reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() FGFR inhibitors block signaling in FGFR2-fusion-expressing cells. Activation of FGFR2 and MAPK by FGFR2-AHCYL1 and its suppression by FGFR inhibitors. Lysates from NIH3T3 cells expressing FGFR2-AHCYL1 or EZR-ROS1 (control) treated with vehicle (DMSO), 0.2 and 1 uM BGJ398, and 0.2 and 1 uM PD173074 were immunoblotted with the relevant antibodies. β-Actin was used as a loading control.
|
|
S3020 |
Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide)Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide, FR 901228, NSC 630176) is a potent HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor with IC50 of 36 nM and 47 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Romidepsin (FK228/depsipeptide) controls growth and induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma tumor cells. |
![]() ![]() Effects of combination of bort/romidepsin on HDAC6 inhibition and activation of ER stress signaling. HA cells were treated with combination of 15 nM bortezomib and 5 nM romidepsin or either drug alone for 24 hr. Expression of CHOP/GADD153 (green signals) and cleaved PARP (red signals) was detected by immunofluorescent staining. DAPI (blue signals) stained the cell nuclei. |
|
S2853 |
Carfilzomib (PR-171)Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with IC50 of <5 nM in ANBL-6 cells, displayed preferential in vitro inhibitory potency against the ChT-L activity in the β5 subunit, but little or no effect on the PGPH and T-L activities. Carfilzomib activates prosurvival autophagy and induces cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Validation of activity and specificity of chemical inhibitors of; ATM, ATR, and DNAPK. H460 cells were treated with 1 uM camptothecin (CPT) or 20 ug/ml bleomycin for 1 h in the presence of the indicated inhibitors: DNAPK-i1—NU7026, DNAPK-i2—NU7441. MSH6,
|
|
S1191 |
FulvestrantFulvestrant (ICI-182780, ZD 9238) is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with IC50 of 0.94 nM in a cell-free assay. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and apoptosis and has antitumor activity. |
![]() ![]() PTPH1 confers breast cancer cell sensitivity to fulvestrant. E and F, PTPH1 overexpression increases the growth inhibition by fulvestrant. PTPH1 was overexpressed by a Tet-on system or a stable transfection, and resultant cells were incubated with fulvestrant as indicated for about 2 weeks. Colony formed was stained and counted. Results shown are normalized to its own solvent control of Vector and PTPH1-overexpressed cells, respectively (means ± SD; n = 3–5) with insets showing PTPH1 overexpression. *, versus vector or no Tet cells for E and F.
|
|
S2736 |
Fedratinib (TG101348)Fedratinib (SAR302503, TG101348) is a selective inhibitor of JAK2 with IC50 of 3 nM in cell-free assays, 35- and 334-fold more selective for JAK2 versus JAK1 and JAK3. Fedratinib also inhibits FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and RET (c-RET) with IC50 of 15 nM and 48 nM, respectively. Fedratinib has potential antineoplastic activity. Fedratinib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Colony-forming assay results showing that the Jak2 inhibitor TG101348 reduces CFU-GM colonies generated from mutant fetal liver R2 cells. Results from 4 independent control or mutant fetal livers treated with TG101348 or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are shown (mean ?SD). ***P < .001.
|
|
S1080 |
SU11274SU11274 (PKI-SU11274) is a selective Met (c-Met) inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM in cell-free assays, no effects on PGDFRβ, EGFR or Tie2. SU11274 induces autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. |
![]() ![]() Effect of crizotinib, tivantinib, and SU11274 on levels of c-MET phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathway in SW1736 and TL3 thyroid cancer cells. Cells were prestarved in culture medium containing 0.5% FBS (24 hour) ?either crizotinib or tivantinib (0.1, 1.0, and 10 umol/L) or SU11274 (10 umol/L), and stimulated with 20 ng/mL recombinant human HGF for 10 minutes before lysates were made for Western blotting. A series of c-MET downstream signaling pathway proteins and phosphor proteins were detected using Western blotting. β-Actin was used as a loading balance control.
|
|
S1003 |
Linifanib (ABT-869)Linifanib (ABT-869, AL39324, RG3635) is a novel, potent ATP-competitive VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor for KDR, CSF-1R, Flt-1/3 and PDGFRβ with IC50 of 4 nM, 3 nM, 3 nM/4 nM and 66 nM respectively, mostly effective in mutant kinase-dependent cancer cells (i.e. FLT3). Linifanib (ABT-869) induces autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() (B and C) KMCH-1 cells were plated alone (monoculture) or together with PDGF-BB-secreting LX-2 cells (co-culture) in a transwell insert co-culture system (KMCH-1 cells in the bottom wells and LX-2 cells in the inserts; 1:1 ratio) for 2 days. Cells were treated as indicated with vehicle, rhTRAIL (10 ng/ml for 6 h on day 2), rhTRAIL plus imatinib [rhTRAIL:10 ng/ml for 6 h on day 2; Imatinib: 5 μmol/L for 24 h (day2)], or rhTRAIL plus linifanib [rhTRAIL: 10 ng/ml for 6 h on day 2; Linifanib:0.5 μmol/L for 24 h (day2)]. After rhTRAIL treatment for 6 h,KMCH-1 cells were analysed for apoptotic nuclear morphology by DAPI-staining (B) and for DNA fragmentation by transferasemediated dUTP nick end labelling assay (C) with quantification of apoptotic nuclei by fluorescence microscopy. |
|
S2235 |
Volasertib (BI 6727)Volasertib (BI 6727) is a highly potent Plk1 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.87 nM in a cell-free assay. It shows 6- and 65-fold greater selectivity against Plk2 and Plk3. Volasertib induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analysis. HeLa or MCF7 cells were treated with nocodazole (noc, 50 ng/ml), paclitaxel (pacli, 50 nM), the Plk1 inhibitor BI 2536 (50 nM) or BI 6727 (50 nM) for 16 h and cellular extracts were prepared for western blot analysis with antibodies as indicated. con: cellular extracts from control cells without any treatment. β-actin served as loading control. |
|
S1135 |
PemetrexedPemetrexed (LY-231514) is a novel antifolate and antimetabolite for TS, DHFR and GARFT with Ki of 1.3 nM, 7.2 nM and 65 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Pemetrexed induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Role of PARP and BER in the synergy between PTX and GMX in A549 cells. Cells were pretreated ±1 umol/L olaparib (2 hours) then sequentially ±150 nmol/L PTX (24 hours), then ± GMX 12 nmol/L (48 hours). PAR modification of proteins and γ-H2AX levels were measured in extracts treated as in A by Western blotting.
|
|
S1567 |
PomalidomidePomalidomide (CC-4047) inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α release with IC50 of 13 nM in PBMCs. Pomalidomide can be utilized in PROTAC as a ligand for targeting E3 ligase and inhibiting the E3 ligase protein cereblon (CRBN). Pomalidomide promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. |
![]() ![]() OPM2 cells stably expressing either NT or CRBN shRNA were seeded and incubated with pomalidomide at the indicated concentration, followed by MTT assay at day 3 after adding drugs. Each experimental condition was performed in triplicate and repeated at least once.
|
|
S2218 |
Torkinib (PP242)Torkinib (PP242) is a selective mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 8 nM in cell-free assays; targets both mTOR complexes with >10- and 100-fold selectivity for mTOR than PI3Kδ or PI3Kα/β/γ, respectively. Torkinib (PP242) induces mitophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Synergistic effect of BMS-777607 with mTOR inhibitors in reduction of CSCs+24/44/ESA viability. CSCs+24/44/ESA at 5,000 cells per well with stem cell culture media in triplicate in an ultra-low adhesion plate were treated with 5 umol/L BMS-777607, 1 umol/L AZD8055, 1 umol/L RAD001, and 1 umol/L PP242 alone, or in their different combinations. Cells were cultured for 72 hours. Percentages of polyploid cells were determined by counting 300 cells from two different regions. Results shown here were from one of two experiments with similar results.
|
|
S1145 |
SNS-032 (BMS-387032)SNS-032 (BMS-387032) has firstly been described as a selective inhibitor of CDK2 with IC50 of 48 nM in cell-free assays and is 10- and 20-fold selective over CDK1/CDK4. It is also found to be sensitive to CDK7/9 with IC50 of 62 nM/4 nM, with little effect on CDK6. SNS-032 (BMS-387032) induces apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() HeLa cells were treated for 3h with PIK-75 or SNS-032 at the indicated concentrations. Cells were subsequently lysed and subjected to western blotting. One representative of two independent experiments is shown.
|
|
S1200 |
DecitabineDecitabine (Deoxycytidine, Dacogen, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, 5-AZA-dC, 5-aza-CdR) is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, incorporating into DNA and resulting in hypomethylation of DNA and intra-S-phase arrest of DNA replication. It is used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Decitabine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. |
![]() ![]() (A) and (B) SW1116 and LOVO cells were plated, treated for 48 h with decitabine (DAC) and gefitinib (GEF) either alone or in combination, and the expression levels of AKT, mTOR, S6K, and phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis as described under Methods. Expression of β-actin served as a loading control. The data are representative of three independent experiments.
|
|
S1225 |
EtoposideEtoposide (VP-16, VP-16213) is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, which inhibits DNA synthesis via topoisomerase II inhibition activity. Etoposide induces autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Cellular biomarker responses in HT29 cells exposed to various cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents in combination with the Chk1 inhibitor V158411. HT29 cells were exposed to the combination GI80 of gemcitabine (0.2 uM), camptothecin (0.44 uM), cisplatin (68 uM), oxaliplatin (131 uM), doxorubicin (1.2 uM) or etoposide (59 uM) for 18 hours followed by DMSO (-) or 400 nM V158411 (+) for a further 24 hours. Protein expression was characterized by immunoblotting.
|
|
S2704 |
LY2109761LY2109761 is a novel selective TGF-β receptor type I/II (TβRI/II) dual inhibitor with Ki of 38 nM and 300 nM in a cell-free assay, respectively; shown to negatively affect the phosphorylation of Smad2. LY2109761 blocks autophagy and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() The inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathways suppressed EBV-mediated EMT, and prevented the activation of Syk and Src signaling. The EBV-infected HCECs were treated with 100 nM of the dual TGF-β receptor I and II kinase inhibitor, LY2109761, for 48 hours. The EBV-infected HCECs were cultured with anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody (5 ug/mL) or mouse IgG1 antibody (5 ug/mL) for 48 hours. Photographs were taken at x100 magnification by a digital camera.
|
|
S1491 |
FludarabineFludarabine (FaraA, Fludarabinum) is a STAT1 activation inhibitor which causes a specific depletion of STAT1 protein (and mRNA) but not of other STATs. Also a DNA synthesis inhibitor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Fludarabine induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Normal human KC pretreated with STAT1 inhibitor (fludarabine [10 uM]) or STAT3 inhibitor (STA-21 [2 uM]) for 24 h. The mRNA levels of hBD2 and hBD3 were assessed by qRT-PCR.
|
|
S1118 |
XL147 analogueXL147 analogue (SAR245408) is a selective and reversible class I PI3K inhibitor for PI3Kα/δ/γ with IC50 of 39 nM/36 nM/23 nM in cell-free assays, less potent to PI3Kβ. XL147 analogue induces apoptosis. Phase 1/2. |
![]() ![]() Breast cancer cells were pretreated with 100ng/ml EGF for 20 min and then treated with the indicated concentrations of XL147 for 24 hours. |
|
S1107 |
Danusertib (PHA-739358)Danusertib (PHA-739358) is an Aurora kinase inhibitor for Aurora A/B/C with IC50 of 13 nM/79 nM/61 nM in cell-free assays, modestly potent to Abl, TrkA, c-RET and FGFR1, and less potent to Lck, VEGFR2/3, c-Kit, CDK2, etc. Danusertib induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Mice bearing subcutaneous allografts of conditional patched mutant tumor cells were treated twice weekly with vehicle (saline) or 30 mg/kg PHA-739358. (B)Images of tumors. (C) Tumor weights. Each point represents a single tumor, and grey lines represent mean tumor weights, which were significantly different between vehicle and PHA-739358 treated mice (p < 0.05, based on paired two-tailed t-test).
|
|
S2248 |
Silmitasertib (CX-4945)Silmitasertib (CX-4945) is a potent and selective inhibitor of CK2 (casein kinase 2) with IC50 of 1 nM in a cell-free assay, less potent to Flt3, Pim1 and CDK1 (inactive in cell-based assay). Silmitasertib induces autophagy and promotes apoptosis. Phase 1/2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2198 |
SGI-1776 free baseSGI-1776 free base is a novel ATP competitive inhibitor of Pim1 with IC50 of 7 nM in a cell-free assay, 50- and 10-fold selective versus Pim2 and Pim3, also potent to Flt3 and haspin. SGI-1776 induces apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() VCaP cells were steroid starved overnight then treated with 10nM R1881 and PIM kinase inhibitor SGI-1776 as indicated for 4 hours. Total protein lysates were analyzed by Western blot with antibodies against P-AR S213, AR (total), P-4EBP1 Thr 37/46, and tubulin.
|
|
S1524 |
AT7519AT7519 is a multi-CDK inhibitor for CDK1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 with IC50 of 10-210 nM. It is less potent to CDK3 and little active to CDK7. AT7519 also inhibits GSK3β with IC50 of 89 nM. AT7519 induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Lysates of MDM treated with five-fold dilutions of the indicated compounds (starting concentration: AT7519, 0.5 mmol/l, roscovitine 4 mmol/l) were subjected to SDS-PAGE, transferred, and immunoblotted with antiphopho-SAMHD1, anti-SAMHD1 and anti-Hsp90 antibodies. MDM, monocyte-derived macrophage; SAMHD1, sterile a motif and HD domain-containing protein-1; SD, standard deviation.
|
|
S1241 |
Vincristine sulfateVincristine sulfate (Leurocristine) is an inhibitor of polymerization of microtubules by binding to tubulin with IC50 of 32 μM in a cell-free assay. Vincristine sulfate induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() for HXO-RB44 cells, IC50 values for VCR were changed in the different SG600 treatment groups. The results are representative of three independent experiments and of f our replicates in each experiment. |
|
S1237 |
TemozolomideTemozolomide (CCRG81045, NSC 362856, TMZ) is a monofunctional SN-1 alkylating agent that can modify nitrogen atoms in the DNA ring and the extracyclic oxygen group, chemically converted to MTIC and degrades to methyldiazonium cation, which transfers methyl groups to DNA at physiologic pH. A DNA damage inducer in L-1210 and L-1210/BCNU cells. Temozolomide induces apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity. |
![]() ![]() C57BL/6 mice were implanted in the striatum with citrine-GL26-Cherry-HMGB1, which were stably transfected to express the YFP citrine and HMGB1 fused to red fluorescent protein cherry. Fourteen days later, they were treated with saline, Ad-TK+Ad-Flt3L, or Ad-TK+Ad-Flt3L+TMZ (temozolomide). Five days after treatment, the cellular location of cherry-HMGB1 in these cells was assessed by confocal microscopy. Arrows, tumor cells (green) with cytoplasmic HMGB1 (red).
|
|
S1159 |
Ganetespib (STA-9090)Ganetespib (STA-9090) is an HSP90 inhibitor with IC50 of 4 nM in OSA 8 cells, induces apoptosis of OSA cells while normal osteoblasts are not affected; active metabolite of STA-1474. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), pancreatic cancer (PaTu2), lung cancer (A549), colon cancer HCT-116, and acute myeloid leukemia (SKM1) cell lines were incubated with increasing amounts of PU-H71 and STA-9090 as indicated. Western blot analysis with PRKD2, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-9 antibodies is depicted.
|
|
S1186 |
BIBR 1532BIBR 1532 is a potent, selective, non-competitive telomerase inhibitor with IC50 of 100 nM in a cell-free assay. No inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerases, including HIV reverse transcriptase are observed at concentrations vastly exceeding the IC50 for telomerase. BIBR 1532 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2626 |
Rabusertib (LY2603618)Rabusertib (LY2603618, IC-83) is a highly selective Chk1 inhibitor with potential anti-tumor activity in a cell-free assay. IC50=7 nM, showing approximately 100-fold more potent against Chk1 than against any of the other protein kinases evaluated. Rabusertib (LY2603618) induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage response and autophagy in cancer cells. Rabusertib (LY2603618) induces bak-dependent apoptosis in AML cell lines. |
![]() ![]() MK-1775 and LY2603618 synergize to induce apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary patient samples. U937 and CTS cells were treated for 8 h. Whole cell lysates were subjected to Western blotting and probed with anti-γH2AX, -pCHK1, -p-cdc25c, -p-CDK1, -p-CDK2, -CDK1, or -β-actin antibody. Densitometry measurements, as described in the Materials and methods section, are shown below the corresponding Western blot.
|
|
S1533 |
R406 (free base)R406 (free base) is a potent Syk inhibitor with IC50 of 41 nM in a cell-free assay, strongly inhibits Syk but not Lyn, 5-fold less potent to Flt3. R406 (free base) triggers apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (C) Z-138 and JEKO-1 cells were simultaneously exposed to sorafenib and R406 at the indicated doses, and cell viability was determined at 48 hours by annexin V/PI staining. Bars represent the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. CI value is indicated for each combination. (D) Primary MCL cells from 7 patients were simultaneously exposed to sorafenib and R406 at the indicated doses for 48 hours, and cell viability was determined as above. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of all the samples analyzed. CI value is indicated for each combination. |
|
S1052 |
Elesclomol (STA-4783)Elesclomol (STA-4783) is a novel potent oxidative stress inducer that elicits pro-apoptosis events among tumor cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2161 |
RAF265 (CHIR-265)RAF265 (CHIR-265) is a potent selective inhibitor of C-Raf/B-Raf/B-Raf V600E with IC50 of 3-60 nM, and exhibits potent inhibition on VEGFR2 phosphorylation with EC50 of 30 nM in cell-free assays. RAF265 (CHIR-265) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblots showing levels of phospho-MEK (p-MEK), total MEK (t-MEK), phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2) in A375 cells transduced with a retrovirus expressing BRAFV600E, BRAFV600E/L505H, BRAFV600E/F516G or BRAFV600E/T529N and treated with increasing doses of RAF265. α-tubulin (TUBA) was monitored as a loading control. |
|
S2727 |
Dacomitinib (PF-00299804)Dacomitinib (PF299804, PF299) is a potent, irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, mostly to EGFR with IC50 of 6 nM in a cell-free assay. Dacomitinib inhibits ERBB2 and ERBB4 with IC50 of 45.7 nM and 73.7 nM, respectively. Dacomitinib is effective against NSCLCs with EGFR or ERBB2 mutations (resistant to gefitinib) as well as those harboring the EGFR T790M mutation. Dacomitinib inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2753 |
Tivantinib (ARQ 197)Tivantinib (ARQ 197) is the first non-ATP-competitive c-Met inhibitor with Ki of 0.355 μM in a cell-free assay, little activity to Ron, and no inhibition to EGFR, InsR, PDGFRα or FGFR1/4. Tivantinib (ARQ 197) induces a G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Effect of tivantinib on the mitotic index was compared with the antimitotic drugs paclitaxel and vinblastine after overnight treatment of the HLE cell line with two different concentrations of each drug |
|
S1362 |
Rigosertib (ON-01910)Rigosertib (ON-01910) is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with IC50 of 9 nM in a cell-free assay. It shows 30-fold greater selectivity against Plk2 and no activity to Plk3. Rigosertib inhibits PI3K/Akt pathway and activates oxidative stress signals. Rigosertib induces apoptosis in various cancer cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Along with cell death, immunoblotting shows ON 01910.Na induces hyperphosphorylation of RanGAP1, increased expression of RanGAP1.SUMO1 but decreased expression of free unmodified RanGAP1. No viable SU-DHL-5 cells were available for immunoblotting at 0.5 uM of ON 01910.Na.
|
|
S1288 |
CamptothecinCamptothecin (NSC-100880, CPT) is a specific inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) with IC50 of 0.68 μM in a cell-free assay. Camptothecin induces apoptosis in cancer cells via microRNA-125b-mediated mitochondrial pathways. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Growth suppression by UBE2M silencing is enhanced by DNA damaging agents. Growth sensitivity of HEY cells in the presence of Camptothecin(CPT) was monitored using clonogenic assay.
|
|
S1314 |
Zoledronic AcidZoledronic acid (ZA, Zoledronate, CGP-4244), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, induces apoptosis in osteoclasts by inhibiting enzymes of the mevalonate pathway and preventing the isoprenylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as Ras and Rho. Zoledronic acid (ZA) also induces autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).
|
|
S2219 |
Momelotinib (CYT387)Momelotinib (CYT387, LM-1149 , CYT11387) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 with IC50 of 11 nM/18 nM, ~10-fold selectivity versus JAK3. Momelotinib (CYT387) induces apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() IL-6- supported INA-6 cells were treated with the JAK inhibitors ruxolitinib (Rux; 10 nM) or CYT387 (CYT; 50 nM) for 1 hour and assessed for inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by immunoblotting.
|
|
S1452 |
Ispinesib (SB-715992)Ispinesib (SB-715992, CK0238273) is a potent, specific and reversible inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) with Ki app of 1.7 nM in a cell-free assay, no inhibition to CENP-E, RabK6, MCAK, MKLP1, KHC or Kif1A. Ispinesib induces mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Representative photographs of fluorescent staining of microtubules and nuclei in MDA-MB-231 cells 24 h post-treatment with 4 nM of ispinesib or vinblastine or their combination. Arrows and arrowheads denote mitotic cells with monoploar and bipolar spindles, respectively. Scale bars, 20 um.
|
|
S1515 |
Pracinostat (SB939)Pracinostat (SB939) is a potent pan-HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 40-140 nM with exception for HDAC6. It has no activity against the class III isoenzyme SIRT I. Pracinostat (SB939) induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Hyperacetylation of P. falciparum proteins by SB939. Synchronous 3D7 trophozoite-stage P. falciparum parasites were treated with 50 or 500 nM chloroquine (CQ), SAHA, or SB939 or with vehicle only (control; 0.05% DMSO) for 3 h. Following saponin lysis, parasite protein lysates were prepared and SDS-PAGE and Western blotting carried out using anti-acetyl H4 or anti-pan-acetyl lysine (K103) antibodies. Coomassie blue staining was carried out as a loading control.
|
|
S1244 |
Amuvatinib (MP-470)Amuvatinib (MP-470, HPK 56) is a potent and multi-targeted inhibitor of c-Kit, PDGFRα and Flt3 with IC50 of 10 nM, 40 nM and 81 nM, respectively. Amuvatinib suppresses c-MET and c-RET. Amuvatinib is also active as a DNA repair protein Rad51 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Inactivation of AXL by MP470 reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Immunoblot analyses of lysates from TGFβ/TNFα- treated MCF10A cells treated with varying amounts of MP470 for 72 hours.
|
|
S1972 |
Tamoxifen CitrateTamoxifen Citrate (ICI 46474) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen Citrate is also a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen induces apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Effects of DPN, LY500307, Raloxifene and Tamoxifen on cell viability in BSO-treated FRDA fibroblasts. BSO concentration was 1 mM and all steroid concentrations were 100 nM. Depicted are mean ± SD for n= 8 per group. * indicated p<0.05 versus BSO alone-treated cells. |
|
S2789 |
Tofacitinib (CP-690550)Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib) is a novel inhibitor of JAK3 with IC50 of 1 nM in cell-free assays, 20- to 100-fold less potent against JAK2 and JAK1. Tofacitinib inhibits the expression of antiapoptotic BCL-A1 and BCL-XL in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) and induced PDC apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() TRAP-positive multinucleated cell differentiation depends on JAK and is inhibited by tofacitinib in vitro. Effect of tofacitinib on the differentiation of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells in vitro (n =3 wells/experiment). Original magnification x 100.
|
|
S1451 |
Aurora A Inhibitor I (TC-S 7010)Aurora A Inhibitor I (TC-S 7010) is a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of Aurora A with IC50 of 3.4 nM in a cell-free assay. It is 1000-fold more selective for Aurora A than Aurora B. Aurora A Inhibitor I (TC-S 7010) triggers apoptosis through the ROS-mediated UPR signaling pathway. |
![]() ![]() Inhibition of CDK5 by roscovitine resulted in defective neuronal migration, which was rescued by expression of GFP-Ndel1 (S251E). a, Granular neurons were treated with roscovitine. Western blotting was performed 24 h after start of culture. Aurora-A and NDEL1 displayed similar expression levels with untreated neurons, whereas the levels of phosphorylated Aurora-A and NDEL1 proteins were decreased after treatment with roscovitine. Relative intensities of the bands of Western blotting are shown at the bottom. |
|
S1231 |
Topotecan HClTopotecan HCl (NSC609699, Nogitecan, SKFS 104864A) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor for MCF-7 Luc cells and DU-145 Luc cells with IC50 of 13 nM and 2 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Topotecan HCl induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Pax3:Foxo1a knockdown increases select chemotherapy sensitivities. MTS assay was performed for Pax3:Foxo1a knockdown mouse aRMS tumor cells treated with DNA damaging agents and microtubule inhibitors. Pax3:Foxo1a knockdown reduced the concentration at which viability was impaired by 50% (IC50) of topotecan by 4.8 fold, respectively, yet did not affect the IC50 of mafosfamide.
|
|
S1209 |
Fluorouracil (5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU)Fluorouracil (5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU, NSC 19893) is a DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitor, which interrupts nucleotide synthetic by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells. Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used in the treatment of HIV. |
![]() ![]() DNA-PKcs suppression mediated ROS production and GSH content in HepG2 cells exposed to CDDP and 5-Fu. a DNA-PKcs inhibition promoted ROS production in HepG2 cells treated with indicated concentrations of CDDP and 5-Fu. DCFH-DA fluorescent analysis was performed to assess the ROS level. Data presented were mean ?SD of three independent experiments.
|
|
S2243 |
Degrasyn (WP1130)Degrasyn (WP1130) is a selective deubiquitinase (DUB: USP5, UCH-L1, USP9x, USP14, and UCH37) inhibitor and also suppresses Bcr/Abl, also a JAK2 transducer (without affecting 20S proteasome) and activator of transcription (STAT). Degrasyn (WP1130) induces apoptosis and blocks autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Protein expression by western blot analysis of cell lysates from MCF-7, TAMR-4 and 164R-7 cells treated for 3 days with vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 1 uM or 1.5 uM WP1130.
|
|
S1233 |
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2)2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2, NSC 659853) depolymerizes microtubules and blocks HIF-1α nuclear accumulation and HIF-transcriptional activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol induces both autophagy and apoptosis in various carcinogenic cell lines. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Pancreatic cancer cell lines (CFPAC-1 and BxPC-3) were treated with siHIF-1 and 2-ME and then evaluate the expression HIF-1α, CRT and P-eIF2α by Western blotting experiment.
|
|
S1156 |
CapecitabineCapecitabine (RO 09-1978) is a tumor-selective fluoropyrimidine carbamate, which achieves higher intratumoral 5-FU level with lower toxicity than 5-FU. Capecitabine treatment of HCT-15 cells causes condensation of DNA and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Growth curve of human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice treated with orally administered vehicle or capecitabine at 360 mg/kg (n = 10–12 per cell line). |
|
S1185 |
RitonavirRitonavir (ABT-538, A 84538) is a Cytochrome P450 3A and Protease Inhibitor; Also inhibits Cytochrome P450 2D6, P-Glycoprotein and induces Cytochrome P450 2C19, Cytochrome P450 1A2, Cytochrome P450 2C9, Cytochrome P450 2B6 and UDP Glucuronosyltransferases. Ritonavir induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (A) KMS11 and
(B) L363 cells were plated in 5mM glucose medium with ritonavir or DMSO (D) for 17 hours. Glucose consumption rates are normalized to untreated cells (not shown).
(C) KMS11 and (D) L363 cells were treated with ritonavir or DMSO for 72 hours. Relative viable cell numbers were determined by MTS assay and normalized to
untreated cells (not shown).
|
|
S2012 |
PCI-34051PCI-34051 is a potent and specific HDAC8 inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM in a cell-free assay. It has greater than 200-fold selectivity over HDAC1 and 6, more than 1000-fold selectivity over HDAC2, 3, and 10. PCI-34051 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (d) Effects of HDAC8 activity on ISO-induced augmentation of apoptosis and TIPRL expression. H1299 cells were sequentially treated with 10 μm PCI-34051 for 24 h, ISO for 30 min and 50 μM cisplatin for 48 h before the western blot analysis.
|
|
S2743 |
PF-04691502PF-04691502 (PF4691502) is an ATP-competitive PI3K(α/β/δ/γ)/mTOR dual inhibitor with Ki of 1.8 nM/2.1 nM/1.6 nM/1.9 nM and 16 nM in cell-free assays, little activity against either Vps34, AKT, PDK1, p70S6K, MEK, ERK, p38, or JNK. PF-04691502 induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() BMDMs from WT animals were treated with different concentrations of PI3K inhibitors (500 nmol/L PF4691502, PI-103, BKM120 and 25 μmol/L SF1126) followed by hypoxia for 4 hours for Western blots. These macrophages were either used for lysate preparation (nuclear extracts for HIFα or WCE for pAKT and AKT) and Western blot analysis.
|
|
S2696 |
Apitolisib (GDC-0980)Apitolisib (GDC-0980, RG7422) is a potent, class I PI3K inhibitor for PI3Kα/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 5 nM/27 nM/7 nM/14 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Also a mTOR inhibitor with Ki of 17 nM in a cell-free assay, and highly selective versus other PIKK family kinases. Apitolisib activates autophagy and apoptosis simultaneously in pancreatic cancer cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblots from AR + TNBC cell lines treated with either CDX (25 uM), GDC-0941 (300 nM) or GDC0980 (100 nM) as single agents or CDX in combination with either GDC-0941 or GDC-0980 for 48 h analyzed for AR, p-AKT, AKT, p-S6, S6 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein.
|
|
S2796 |
WP1066WP1066 is a novel inhibitor of JAK2 and STAT3 with IC50 of 2.30 μM and 2.43 μM in HEL cells; shows activity to JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, and ERK1/2 not JAK1 and JAK3. WP1066 induces apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Effects of selective STAT3 inhibitors on adherent glioma CSCs. Cells were treated with WP1066 (50 uM for 2 h) or vehicle, and colocalization of STAT3 and p65 was determined by immunostaining.
|
|
S1487 |
PHA-793887PHA-793887 is a novel and potent inhibitor of CDK2, CDK5 and CDK7 with IC50 of 8 nM, 5 nM and 10 nM. It is greater than 6-fold more selective for CDK2, 5, and 7 than CDK1, 4, and 9. PHA-793887 induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() J558 cells were treated with PHA793887 (0.02–5 umol/L) for 6 hours, after which Western blot analysis was performed to monitor XBP-1s expression. Tub, tubulin.
|
|
S2746 |
AZ 628AZ628 is a new pan-Raf inhibitor for BRAF, BRAFV600E, and c-Raf-1 with IC50 of 105 nM, 34 nM and 29 nM in cell-free assays, also inhibits VEGFR2, DDR2, Lyn, Flt1, FMS, etc. AZ628 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Enzymatic activity of RIP3 from Abcam, the concentration-effect relationship of RIP3 inhibition by the tested protein kinase inhibitors and the mode of action of RIP3 inhibition by dabrafenib. The RIP3 inhibition rates of AZ628 at different concentrations were measured by the luminescent RIP3 assay. The data (mean ?SD from 3 independent experiments) were presented as the Lineweaver-Burk plots using Graphpad Prism 5.
|
|
S1396 |
ResveratrolResveratrol has a wide spectrum of targets including cyclooxygenases(i.e. COX, IC50=1.1 μM), lipooxygenases(LOX, IC50=2.7 μM), kinases, sirtuins and other proteins. It has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular effects. Resveratrol induces mitophagy/autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Cellular senescence and SIRT1 phosphorylation was monitored in PAECs (P2) incubated in DMEM containing HDL (50 mg/L), LDL (50 mg/L), or resveratrol (100 μM) for 24 hours. |
|
S1648 |
CytarabineCytarabine (Cytarabin, Ara-C, Arabinofuranosyl Cytidine) is an antimetabolic agent and DNA synthesis inhibitor with IC50 of 16 nM in wild-type CCRF-CEM cells. Cytarabine induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Viability and CI vs Fa after 24-h exposure to cytarabine alone or in combination with ABT-199 in Riva, U2932 and VavP-Bcl2/c-MYC murine tumor cells. Viability shown at 500 nM (500 ng/ml for cytarabine; quadruplicates±s.e.m.).
|
|
S2913 |
BAY 11-7082BAY 11-7082 (BAY 11-7821) is a NF-κB inhibitor, inhibits TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation with IC50 of 10 μM in tumor cells. BAY 11-7082 inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 and USP21 with IC50 of 0.19 μM and 0.96 μM, respectively. BAY 11-7082 induces apoptosis and S phase arrest in gastric cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() Immunofluorescence images of Ishikawa cells showing the increase in the nuclear colocalization of ERa (red) and p65 (green) after E2 incubation. Nuclear colocalization is yellow. Treatment with ICI 182,780, PDTC or Bay inhibited the nuclear localization of both ERa and p65. Blue, DAPI-stained nuclei. All pictures were obtained the same day using the same microscope settings. Original magnification 3200, bar =50 um. Arrows, cytoplasmic ERa and p65 staining. ICI, ICI 182,780; Bay, Bay 11-7082.
|
|
S1792 |
SimvastatinSimvastatin (MK-0733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with Ki of 0.1-0.2 nM in cell-free assays. Simvastatin induces ferroptosis, mitophagy, autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Statin-Related Inhibition of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Uptake by SLCO2B1 in Prostate Cancer (PC) Cells. B, Uptake of DHEAS in PC cells with 2.5 µM DHEAS and different concentrations of statins when incubated for 60 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing each condition with the DHEAS 2.5 µM and no statin state except when indicated. C, Uptake of DHEAS in PC cells before (scrambled short hairpin RNA) and after (short hairpin RNA 2B1) SLCO2B1 is knocked down when incubated with 2.5 μM DHEAS and 100 μM atorvastatin for 10 and 60 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing each condition with scrambled short hairpin RNA after 10 minutes with DHEAS except when indicated. P = .02 for the comparison between scrambled short hairpin RNA with 10 vs 60 minutes of DHEAS incubation for LNCaP and .01 for 22RV1. Other P values are indicated in the figure. Bars indicate means and error bars indicate standard deviation. |
|
S2783 |
Vistusertib (AZD2014)Vistusertib (AZD2014) is a novel mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 2.8 nM in a cell-free assay; highly selective against multiple PI3K isoforms (α/β/γ/δ). AZD2014 showed no or weak binding to the majority of kinases when tested at 1 μM. AZD2014 induces proliferation suppression, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy in HCC cells with antitumor activity. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2635 |
CCT128930CCT128930 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of Akt2 with IC50 of 6 nM in a cell-free assay, 28-fold greater selectivity for Akt2 than the closely related PKA kinase. CCT128930 induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and autophagy independent of Akt inhibition. High dose of CCT128930 triggers cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells. |
![]() ![]() PI3K/AKT were involved in the E2 induced decrease of Caov-3 cell anoikis. Caov-3 cells were pretreated by different signaling pathway inhibitors and Bit1 expression was determined by western blotting.
|
|
S2893 |
NU7026NU7026 (LY293646) is a potent DNA-PK inhibitor with IC50 of 0.23 μM in cell-free assays, 60-fold selective for DNA-PK than PI3K and inactive against both ATM and ATR. NU7026 enhances G2/M cell arrest and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() DNA damage-induced inhibition of rRNA synthesis is dependent on DNA-PK and PARP-1 activity. Representative nuclei stained by EU are shown 22 h after 2 h treatment with 25 µg/ml cisplatin. Cells were treated with cisplatin under the following conditions: pretreatment with Nu7026 (Nu7026, 26) or Nu7441 (Nu7441, 41) |
|
S8001 |
Ricolinostat (ACY-1215)Ricolinostat (ACY-1215, Rocilinostat) is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay. It is >10-fold more selective for HDAC6 than HDAC1/2/3 (class I HDACs) with slight activity against HDAC8, minimal activity against HDAC4/5/7/9/11, Sirtuin1, and Sirtuin2. Ricolinostat (ACY-1215) suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() (a) Representative images from hTERT RPE-1 cells transiently transfected with siControl (siC), treated with vehicle (DMSO), alisertib (MLN8237) or rocilinostat (ACY1215) at the time of serum withdrawal for 48 h. Ciliation monitored by immunofluorescent staining using acetylated α-tubulin (cilia marker) and pericentrin (basal body marker). Nuclei counterstained using DAPI. Highlighted boxes show magnified cilia. Scale bar, 3 μM. |
|
S1714 |
GemcitabineGemcitabine (LY-188011, NSC 613327), a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, is a very potent and specific deoxycytidine analogue, used as chemotherapy. Gemcitabine induces a potent p53-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() RNA incorporating drugs induce SG assembly. HeLa cells were treated with the RNA incorporating agents 5-azacytidine (50 uM) and 6-thioguanine (10 uM), or the DNA incorporating agents trifluorothymidine (10 uM) and gemcitabine (100 nM) for 72 h. Subsequently, the cellular localization of the SG marker protein TIAR (green) and the P-body marker protein DCP1 (red) was analyzed. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst. Scale bars represent 20 um. |
|
S1786 |
VerteporfinVerteporfin (CL 318952, Visudyne) is a small molecule that inhibits TEAD–YAP association and YAP-induced liver overgrowth. It is also a potent second-generation photosensitizing agent derived from porphyrin. Verteporfin is an autophagy inhibitor. Verteporfin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Verteporfin treatment inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of Tsc1-null cells in vivo. Mice were administered i.p. with vehicle or verteporfin at a dose of 100 mg/kg every other day for 10 d before sacrifice. Mice were sacrificed at 6 wk of age. Three independent experiments were performed and mice in different treatments were pooled for analysis. Percentage of Ki67 and αSMA double-positive cells in α-SMA+ mesenchymal lesions in the indicated kidneys. Immunofluorescence staining and counting were performed on three sagittal sections from different kidney regions for each mouse.
|
|
S1181 |
ENMD-2076ENMD-2076 has selective activity against Aurora A and Flt3 with IC50 of 14 nM and 1.86 nM, 25-fold selective for Aurora A than over Aurora B and less potent to RET, SRC, NTRK1/TRKA, CSF1R/FMS, VEGFR2/KDR, FGFR and PDGFRα. ENMD-2076 inhibits the growth of a wide range of human solid tumor and hematopoietic cancer cell lines with IC50 from 0.025 to 0.7 μM, which induces apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of ENMD-2076.
|
|
S2817 |
Torin 2Torin 2 is a potent and selective mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.25 nM in p53−/− MEFs cell line; 800-fold greater selectivity for mTOR than PI3K and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Inhibition of ATM/ATR/DNA-PK with EC50 of 28 nM/35 nM/118 nM,in PC3 cell lines respectively. Torin 2 decreases cell viability and induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() U2OS cells were plated in six-well plates using complete medium. The next day the cells were washed four times with NaCl/Pi before maintaining them for 6 h in serum- and glucose-free DMEM supplemented as indicated in the absence or presence of 0.1 uM Torin 2 for the last 1 h. The cells were control- treated, treated with 1 ug/mL insulin or treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min. Thereafter, cell lysates were prepared and western blotting was performed using the indicated antibodies.
|
|
S1312 |
Streptozotocin (STZ)Streptozotocin (STZ, NSC-85998, Streptozocin) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea derivative, which is a DNA-methylating, carcinogenic, antibiotic and diabetes inducing agent. Streptozotocin induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Effect of telmisartan and other treatments on (a) nitric oxide, (b) serum cortisol level. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). Statistical significances were determined using one way ANOVA followed by dunnetts post hoc test. ###p < 0.001 as compared with normal, *p < 0.05, *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as compared to STZ control. TMS: telmisartan, MET: metformin, FLX: fluoxetine. The figure in parenthesis indicates the dose in mg/kg po. |
|
S1223 |
Epirubicin HClEpirubicin HCl (4'-epidoxorubicin), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, is an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]()
Growth inhibitory effects of Epirubicin human pancreatic cancer cells. MiaPaCa-2 cells were plated in triplicates into 48-well plates at a density of 10,000 cells/ml. After 24 hours, complete culture medium was changed into fresh low-serum-containing medium (0.5% FBS) containing DMSO (control) or indicated doses of Epirubicin (Selleckchem). Cell viability 48 hours after treatment was determined by AlamarBlue assay (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer's instructions. Results are expressed as percentages of control, which was arbitrarily assigned 100% viability, and represented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the tripicate wells. |
|
S7046 |
Brefeldin ABrefeldin A is a lactone antibiotic and ATPase inhibitor for protein transport with IC50 of 0.2 μM in HCT 116 cells, induces cancer cell differentiation and apoptosis. It could also improve the HDR(homology-directed repair) efficiency and be an enhancer of CRISPR-mediated HDR. Brefeldin A is also an inhibitor of autophagy and mitophagy. |
![]() ![]() Cells were treated with brefeldin A or manumycin A, and the resulting supernatant was collected after 48 h for exosomal preparation (lanes 1 and 2), or exosomes obtained from C81 cells were trypsin-treated or freeze/thawed (F/T) and then trypsin-treated (lanes 3 and 4). Lanes 5 and 6, input exosome controls from C81 or CEM cells, respectively. Resulting exosomes were assayed for the presence of Tax by Western blotting. |
|
S7024 |
StatticStattic, the first nonpeptidic small molecule, potently inhibits STAT3 activation and nuclear translocation with IC50 of 5.1 μM in cell-free assays, highly selectivity over STAT1. Stattic induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analysis of p-STAT3, total STAT3, ABCA1 and ABCG1 levels in cells pretreated with DMSO or Stattic (10 uM) for 1 hr before and during stimulation with rDKK1 in cells transfected with STAT3 siRNA or negative control, and rDKK1 added into the supernatant.
|
|
S2788 |
Capmatinib (INCB28060)Capmatinib (INCB28060, INC280, NVP-INC280) is a novel, ATP-competitive inhibitor of c-MET with IC50 of 0.13 nM in a cell-free assay, inactive against RONβ, as well as EGFR and HER-3. Capmatinib (INCB28060) inhibits Wnt/β-catenin and EMT signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in diffuse gastric cancer positive for c-MET amplification. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (a) MET inhibition by INCB28060 prevents HGF-induced MET phosphorylation in MDA-MB231 and HCC-1954 cells. After one hour preincubation with INC2B8060, BC cells were stimulated with HGF for one hour. Phosphorylation of MET and total MET were determined by western blot and quantified by densitometric analysis. Results are expressed as percentage of unstimulated and untreated cells (negative control). |
|
S1501 |
Mycophenolate MofetilMycophenolate Mofetil (RS61443) is a non-competitive, selective and reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase I/II with IC50 of 39 nM and 27 nM, respectively. Mycophenolate Mofetil induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition in multiple myeloma cells. |
![]() ![]() Natural killer cell activation is differentially modulated by treatment with CsA,Tac, Sir, or MMF. PBMC of three or four healthy donors were incubated for 4 days with or without 500 U/ml IL-2 in the presence CNI (CsA and Tac), mTORi (Sir), or mycophenolate (MMF) at a concentration of 10 µM, DMSO control solvent or medium.The percentage of all NK cells (CD3− /CD56+ ) and of the major NK cell subsets defined as CD16+ /CD16− CD56dim and CD56bright were determined by flow cytometry. Each data point indicates one donor, and the median values with standard deviations are depicted as black bars. |
|
S2485 |
Mitoxantrone 2HClMitoxantrone 2HCl (NSC-301739) is a dihydrochloride salt of Mitoxantrone. Mitoxantrone is an inhibitor of type II topoisomerase and protein kinase C (PKC) with IC50 of 8.5 μM for PKC. Mitoxantrone inhibits cell proliferative growth of MCF-7/wt cells with IC50 of 0.42 μM. Mitoxantrone also induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunohistochemistry and quantification of cleaved caspase 3 expression in DU145-DR tumor xenografts from (D). Scale bar, 100 mm. Data represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05.
|
|
S2214 |
AZ 960AZ 960 is a novel ATP competitive JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 and Ki of <3 nM and 0.45 nM, 3-fold selectivity of AZ960 for JAK2 over JAK3. AZ 960 induces apoptosis and growth arrest. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1759 |
Pitavastatin CalciumPitavastatin Calcium (NK-104, P-872441, itavastatin, nisvastatin), a novel member of the medication class of statins, is a calcium salt formulation of pitavastatin which is a highly effective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin Calcium attenuates AGEs-induced mitophagy via inhibition of ROS generation. Pitavastatin Calcium induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Western blotting showed that in U87 cells treated with pitavastatin, the LC3-II isoform dramatically increased after statin treatment and showed at day 2, 3 and 4.
|
|
S2776 |
Devimistat (CPI-613)Devimistat (CPI-613), a lipoate analog, inhibits mitochondrial enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in NCI-H460 cell line, disrupts tumor cell mitochondrial metabolism. CPI-613 induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Phase 2. |
||
S3035 |
Daunorubicin HClDaunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin) inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis with Ki of 0.02 μM in a cell-free assay. Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() A) MV411 or B) Kasumi 1 cells were incubated with YM155 (0.25 x IC50) in the presence or absence of i) 0.5 x IC50 or ii) 1 x IC50 of Daunorubicin or iii) 0.5 x IC50 or iv) 1 x IC50 of Cytarabine for 72h. Following 72h treatment, cells were subject to a resazurin reduction assay. Percentages were normalised to DMSO controls. Column, mean of 3 independent experiments; Bars, SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005. Students t-test. Similar trends were observed with 0.5 x and 1 x IC50 of YM155 in combination with Daunorubicin or Cytarabine (data not shown). |
|
S2013 |
PF-573228PF-573228 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of FAK with IC50 of 4 nM in a cell-free assay, ~50- to 250-fold selective for FAK than Pyk2, CDK1/7 and GSK-3β. PF-573228 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() OVISE cells were incubated for 25 hr at the indicated concentrations of the FAK inhibitors. Immunoblots were performed to assess inhibition of auto-phosphorylation by the FAK inhibitors. |
|
S7015 |
BirinapantBirinapant (TL32711) is a SMAC mimetic antagonist, mostly to cIAP1 with Kd of <1 nM in a cell-free assay, less potent to XIAP. Birinapant helps to induce apoptosis in latent HIV-1-infected cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analysis of XIAP and cIAP1 expression and PARP cleavage in H460, A549 and 34LU cells pre-treated with vorinostat or entinostat for 6h followed by the SMAC mimetic birinapant for 24h. |
|
S2820 |
TAE226 (NVP-TAE226)TAE226 (NVP-TAE226) is a potent FAK inhibitor with IC50 of 5.5 nM and modestly potent to Pyk2, ~10- to 100-fold less potent against InsR, IGF-1R, ALK, and c-Met. TAE226 (NVP-TAE226) induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Targeting the actin cytoskeleton overcomes resistance to HDACi in primary MM. Graphs representing the proportion of cell death induced in MM patients (n=6) treated LBH589 (5 nM), TAE226 (0.5 uM) and combination. |
|
S2759 |
Fimepinostat (CUDC-907)CUDC-907 is a dual PI3K and HDAC inhibitor for PI3Kα and HDAC1/2/3/10 with IC50 of 19 nM and 1.7 nM/5 nM/1.8 nM/2.8 nM, respectively. CUDC-907 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Representative Oil Red O staining of lipid-filled mature adipocytes on day 7 for uninduced cells (a), adipocyteinduced hMSCs exposed to the vehicle control (b) or CUDC-907-treated cells (500 nM) (c). Nile red staining (d and e) on day 7 of post-adipocytic induction in hMSCs and after exposure to CUDC-907. Images were captured at ×20 magnification using the FLoid Cell Imaging Station. The level of Nile red staining was quantified using the Molecular Devices M5 Microplate Reader (f). Data are presented as mean ± S.E (n = 16) from three independent experiments, ***P <0.0005.
|
|
S2714 |
LY411575LY411575 is a potent γ-secretase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.078 nM/0.082 nM (membrane/cell-based), also inhibits Notch cleavage with IC50 of 0.39 nM in APP or NΔE expressing HEK293 cells. LY411575 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (E) Quantitation of lumen from A-D. (F) RNA isolated from 6d acini and expression of NOTCH1 measured by qRT-PCR in triplicate. P values are * <.01, *** <0.001.
|
|
S2775 |
NocodazoleNocodazole (Oncodazole) is a rapidly-reversible inhibitor of microtubule polymerization, also inhibits Abl, Abl(E255K) and Abl(T315I) with IC50 of 0.21 μM, 0.53 μM and 0.64 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. Nocodazole induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() A, HeLa cells were treated with DMSO, Taxol (100 nM for 16 h), or Nocodazole (Noco, 100 ng/ml for 16 h). Total cell lysates were probed with the indicated antibodies against Hippo components on Phos-tag SDS-polyacrylamide gels. O and * mark the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated proteins, respectively. |
|
S2824 |
TPCA-1TPCA-1 (GW683965) is an inhibitor of IKK-2 with IC50 of 17.9 nM in a cell-free assay, inhibits NF-κB pathway, exhibits 22-fold selectivity over IKK-1. TPCA-1 is also an inhibitor of STAT3 and enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() AGS cells were treated with cwith IL-1β in the presence of the IKK inhibitor TPCA-1, the p38 MAPK inhibitor BIX02188 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Cell lysates were obtained 24 h after IL-1β treatment and immunoblotted with PTEN antibodies. |
|
S1218 |
ClofarabineClofarabine inhibits the enzymatic activities of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (IC50 = 65 nM) and DNA polymerase. Clofarabine induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates of NCI-H929 cells treated with CLO (5 μM, 3-48 h) GAPDH served as the loading control for each membrane, and data are representative of at least two independent experiments |
|
S2077 |
Atorvastatin CalciumAtorvastatin Calcium is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase used as a cholesterol-lowering medication that blocks the production of cholesterol. Atorvastatin Calcium induces apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Micrographs of hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver sections from untreated and atorvastatin-treated TO mouse. Results of representative experiment of liver specimens incubated in vitro at 37癈 with and without 1.0 礛 atorvastatin for 6 hr is shown. A liver specimen at 0 hr is also shown. Liver structure and cytology are preserved in treated and untreated specimens. Inflammation and cholestasis are absent. (Hematoxylin and eosin, 10?and 40?. |
|
S2812 |
(R)-(-)-Gossypol acetic acid(R)-(-)-Gossypol (AT-101) acetic acid, the R-(-) enantiomer of Gossypol acetic acid, binds with Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 with Ki of 0.32 μM, 0.48 μM and 0.18 μM in cell-free assays; does not inhibit BIR3 domain and BID. AT-101 simultaneously triggers apoptosis and a cytoprotective type of autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() (B and C) assessment of antimigration capacity in each group by transwell migration assay. Abbreviations: CDDP, cisplatin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide. |
|
S2729 |
SB415286SB415286 is a potent GSK3α inhibitor with IC50/Ki of 78 nM/31 nM with equally effective inhibition of GSK-3β. SB415286 causes MM cell growth arrest and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() LGX818 downregulates CyclinD1 dependent of DYRK1B, but not GSK3β. (B) A375 cells were treated with vehicle or an inhibitor of GSK3β (SB415286, 12.5 μM), then they were treated the same as in (A) for 3 and 12 h, IB analysis for β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and GAPDH. |
|
S8059 |
Nutlin-3aNutlin-3a ((-)-Nutlin-3), the active enantiomer of Nutlin-3, inhibits the p53/MDM2 interaction with IC50 of 90 nM in a cell-free assay. Nutlin-3a induces autophagy and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. |
![]() ![]() Nutlin-3a preserved p53 expression without influencing high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte impairment. A-D: cultured podocytes were pre-treated by nutlin-3a for 2 hrs before subjected to HG treatment. Western blotting gel documents (A) and summarized data (B) showing the expression of p53 and MDM2 in podocytes under HG exposure for 24 hrs. n = 4. Western blotting gel documents (C) and summarized data (D) showing the expression of Desmin in podocytes under HG exposure for 24 hrs. n = 3. *P < 0.05 vs. Ctrl, #P < 0.05 vs. Vehl + HG. Ctrl: control; Vehl: vehicle; nutlin-3a: nutlin-3a treatment. |
|
S1497 |
PralatrexatePralatrexate is an antifolate, and structurally a folate analog. Its IC50 is < 300 nM in some cell lines. Pralatrexate induces tumor cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() PK parameters for pralatrexate in the study population. Concentration over time for each dose cohort of pralatrexate (A).
|
|
S7007 |
Binimetinib (MEK162)Binimetinib (MEK162, ARRY-162, ARRY-438162) is a potent inhibitor of MEK1/2 with IC50 of 12 nM in a cell-free assay. Binimetinib induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human NSCLC cell lines and induces autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Whole-cell lysates from NRAS- or BRAF-mutant melanoma cells treated with encorafenib or/and binimetinib or DMSO as a control for 24 hours were subjected to Western blot analysis to detect pERK, ERK, and
b-actin. The experiment shown is a representative of three independent experiments.
|
|
S7397 |
SorafenibSorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor of Raf-1 and B-Raf with IC50 of 6 nM and 22 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Sorafenib inhibits VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3 and c-KIT with IC50 of 90 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM, 59 nM and 68 nM, respectively. Sorafenib induces autophagy and apoptosis and activates ferroptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
![]() ![]() Involvement of EV linc-VLDLR in tumor cell responses to chemotherapy. Cells were incubated with sorafenib, camptothecin, or doxorubicin. EVs were obtained after 24 hours, and qRT-PCR was performed for linc-VLDLR. The bars represent the mean ?SEM of the increase in cell viability from 3 independent studies. *, P < 0.05.
|
|
S7153 |
10058-F410058-F4 is a c-Myc inhibitor that specificallly inhibits the c-Myc-Max interaction and prevents transactivation of c-Myc target gene expression. 10058-F4 promotes a caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and modulates autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblot analysis of HER2, P-AKT, and HOXB7 in BT474 cells after treatment with 10 µM 10058-F4, 100 µg/ml of trastuzumab, or a combination of 10058-F4 and trastuzumab.
|
|
S1629 |
OrlistatOrlistat (Ro 18-0647, Tetrahydrolipstatin) is a general lipase inhibitor with IC50 of 122 ng/ml for PL from human duodenal juice. Orlistat treatment reduces proliferation, induces apoptosis and arrests cell cycle. |
||
S7152 |
C646C646 is an inhibitor for histone acetyltransferase, and inhibits p300 with a Ki of 400 nM in a cell-free assay. Preferentially selective for p300 versus other acetyltransferases. C646 induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Phosphorylation of STAT6 in butyrate-treated M2-BMDMs. Western blotting was performed with anti-phospho-STAT6, STAT6, and β-actin. Data are representative of three independent experiments. M2:M2 macrophage; But:butyrate.
|
|
S1692 |
BusulfanBusulfan is a cell cycle non-specific alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan induces apoptosis. |
||
S1896 |
HydroxyureaHydroxyurea (nci-c04831, nsc32065) is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. Hydroxyurea activates apoptosis and autophagy. Hydroxyurea is used to treat HIV infection. |
![]() ![]() Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipient mice were injected with a 1:1 mixture of GFP+JAK2(V671F) and wild-type bone marrow cells. Five weeks later, mice were treated with vehicle (C), hydroxyurea (H; 30 mg/kg twice daily IP), ruxolitinib (R; 30 mg/kg twice daily oral gavage), BMN673 (B; 0.33 mg/kg IV), H+R, H+B, R+B, and H+R+B for 3 weeks. Percentage of GFP+JAK2(V617F) was measured in (panel B) bone marrow cells, (panel C) splenocytes, and (panel D) peripheral blood leukocytes; (panel E) number of GFP+JAK2(V617F) Lin−Sca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells per 106 bone marrow cells was calculated, too. *P < .05, **P < .05, and ***P < .05 when compared with control, single treatment, and double treatment, respectively, from 6 to 7 mice using the Student t test.
|
|
S8078 |
Bardoxolone MethylBardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402, TP-155, NSC 713200, CDDO Methyl Ester, CDDO-Me) is an IKK inhibitor, showing potent proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities; Also a potent Nrf2 activator and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor. Bardoxolone Methyl abrogates ferroptosis. Bardoxolone methyl induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() Renal Nrf2 activity was shown in RTA402-treated acFSGS (RTA402 + acFSGS) mice as early as day 7 (RTA402 + acFSGS) and persisted to day 28, compared to vehicle + acFSGS mice. Kidney in situ ROS production demonstrated by DHE detection.
|
|
S1999 |
Sodium butyrateSodium butyrate (NaB), sodium salt of butyric acid, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and competitively binds to the zinc sites of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs). Sodium butyrate (NaB) inhibits cell cycle progression, promotes differentiation, and induces apoptosis and autophagy in several types of cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() U87 cells were cultured with DMSO or 10 µM 5azadC for 72 h. For the latter, 1 µM Trichostatin A (TSA), 10 mM sodium butyrate (NaBu), 5 mM nicotinamide (NAM), or 0.5 µM apicidin were added in the last 24 h. IFNLR1 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. |
|
S1807 |
AciclovirAcyclovir (Acyclovir, Acycloguanosine, Zovirax) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue active against herpesviruses. Acyclovir induces cell cycle perturbation and apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia cells. |
![]() ![]() (A) HONE1 and (B) HK1-EBV cells were treated with TPA (40 ng/ml) and SB (3 mM) for EBV induction. After 3 h, uninduced and induced HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells were treated with the vehicle control (0.006% DMSO) or indicated concentrations of berberine for 48 h. Subsequently, the culture medium was harvested for quantitative-PCR analysis with EBNA1 primers. Each sample was normalized to the amount of the GAPDH gene; *p<0.05, compared with the control group.
|
|
S1299 |
FloxuridineFloxuridine (Deoxyfluorouridine, FUDR, NSC 27640) is a prodrug that is rapidly catabolized to 5-fluorouracil in vivo. Floxuridine is used to treat various cancers, particularly metastases to the liver. Floxuridine inhibits Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase and induces DNA damage and apoptosis. Floxuridine has antiviral effects against HSV and CMV. |
||
S2606 |
MifepristoneMifepristone (RU486, C-1073) is a remarkably active antagonist of progesterone receptor and glucocorticoid receptor with IC50 of 0.2 nM and 2.6 nM, respectively. Mifepristone promotes cell autophagy and apoptosis, decreases Bcl-2 level and increases Beclin1 level, accompanied by weakened interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin1. |
![]() ![]() Myogenic differentiation assay to determine the GR specificity of DEX by using RU-486 (10 uM). Immunofluorescence detection of MyHC (red) and DAPI counterstaining of nuclei (blue) was used to detect myotubes. The scale bar is 50 um.
|
|
S4001 |
Cabozantinib malate (XL184)Cabozantinib malate (XL184) is the malate of Cabozantinib, a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.035 nM and also inhibits c-Met, Ret (c-Ret), Kit (c-Kit), Flt-1/3/4, Tie2, and AXL with IC50 of 1.3 nM, 4 nM, 4.6 nM, 12 nM/11.3 nM/6 nM, 14.3 nM and 7 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Cabozantinib malate (XL184) induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Effects of AXL inhibitors on induction of pAKT and rescue of pERK following AXL overexpression. R428, 500 nmol/L; XL184, 3 umol/L; XL880, 100 nmol/L; in the presence or absence of 2 umol/L PLX4720. shAXL is a positive control.
|
|
S1680 |
DisulfiramDisulfiram (NSC 190940) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) with IC50 of 0.15 μM and 1.45 μM for hALDH1 and hALDH2, respectively. Disulfiram is used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() The effect of drugs on sperm movement. Purified human sperm were incubated under capacitating conditions for 0, 15, 30, 60 or 120 min, and motility was measured in the presence of disulfirum. The standard deviation is shown as bars. Statistical differences by Student's t-test compared with control are annotated as “*” for p<0.05 or “**” for p<0.01. |
|
S2891 |
GW441756GW441756 is a potent, selective inhibitor of TrkA with IC50 of 2 nM, with very little activity to c-Raf1 and CDK2. GW441756 produces a relevant increase of caspase-3 that leads to apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Thermal latency and mechanical allodynia were normalized in the RTXw1 + 4MC group (n= 6). In these mice, thermal hypoalgesia reappeared within 2 days of GW441756 injection (D). GW441756 did not affect mechanical thresholds (E) in the RTXw1 + 4MC group. (F, G) The diagrams show behavioral responses of naïve mice to either gambogic amide (open square, n = 6) or GW441756 (open circle, n =6). Gambogic amide induced mild thermal hyperalgesia within 2 days of injection but GW441756 did not affect thermal latencies (F). Both gambogic amide and GW441756 did not affect mechanical responses. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001: paired t-test comparing preinjection vs. postinjection effects. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001: between drugs and saline treatments.
|
|
S7165 |
UNC1999UNC1999 is a potent, orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of EZH2 and EZH1 with IC50 of 2 nM and 45 nM in cell-free assays, respectively, showing >1000-fold selectivity over a broad range of epigenetic and non-epigenetic targets. UNC1999 is a potent autophagy inducer. UNC1999 specifically suppresses H3K27me3/2 and induces a range of anti-leukemia effects including anti-proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Ex vivo growth of the SCLC PDX LX92 is significantly inhibited by the EZH2 inhibitors EPZ-5687, GSK343 and UNC1999 as measured by resazurin conversion (two-way analysis of variance, adjusted for multiple comparisons by the method of Dunnet).
|
|
S1623 |
Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine)Acetylcysteine (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC) is a ROS(reactive oxygen species) inhibitor that antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. It is also a tumor necrosis factor production inhibitor. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB activation through inhibition of IκB kinases. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) induces apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) inhibits ferroptosis and virus replication.Solutions of Acetylcysteine are best fresh-prepared. |
![]() ![]() (C) Double immunolabeling showed CK-labeled cells (green) co-expressed with 40, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue), scale bars are 50 μm.
|
|
S7204 |
Fosbretabulin (Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (CA4P)) DisodiumFosbretabulin (Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (CA4P)) Disodium is the water-soluble prodrug of Combretastatin A4 (CA4), which is a microtubule-targeting agent that binds β-tubulin with Kd of 0.4 μM in a cell-free assay. Fosbretabulin Disodium inhibits the polymerization of tubulin with IC50 of 2.4 μM, and also disrupts tumor vasculature. Fosbretabulin disodium induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Real-time hemodynamic changes in the tumor upon administration of CA4P. Panel A shows the MRI anatomical reference of the tumor, followed by sO2 maps of a slice of brain showing the largest cross section of the tumor at time points 0, 1, 4 and 6 h. post CA4P administration. Panel B shows the real-time sO2 changes in the tumor and contralateral brain occurring immediately post CA4P administration over 1 hour in a representative animal. SD is represented by lighter shades on the graph. Panel C shows the real-time sO2 changes in the tumor and contralateral brain occurring immediately post CA4P administration (n = 4). Panel D shows the quantification of hypoxia in tumors using CAIX as a marker at times 0 (n = 3), 1 (n = 4) and 6 h. (n = 3) post CA4P administration. Unpaired t-test showed statistically significant difference in CAIX staining at 1 hour post CA4P administration compared to 0 and 6 hours. ** ‐ P > 0.01. Black dotted circle and Red full circle denote the ROIs drawn at the tumor and contralateral brain respectively to compute the sO2.
|
|
S1848 |
CurcuminCurcumin (Diferuloylmethane) is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase(IC50~25 μM) and Histone deacetylase (HDAC); activates Nrf2 pathway and supresses the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Curcumin induces mitophagy, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest with antitumor activity. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Curcumin exhibits anti-infective properties against various human pathogens like the influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV and so on. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1290 |
CelastrolCelastrol (Tripterine) is a potent proteasome inhibitor for the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. Celastrol induces apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Celastrol inhibits dopaminergic neuronal death of Parkinson's disease through activating mitophagy. |
![]() ![]() SK-BR-3, A549, HCT-116 and BT-474 cells were incubated with or without X66 for 1 h before exposed to GM, celastrol or MG132 for 8 h. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot with indicated antibodies. |
|
S1443 |
ZileutonZileuton (A-64077) is an orally active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, and thus inhibits leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) formation, used to decrease the symptoms of asthma. Zileuton induces apoptosis while inhibits ferroptosis. |
![]() ![]() CD19+ B cells (A) or PBMCs (B) from a healthy donor were treated with zileuton (10 μM) prior to 17-HDHA or RvD1 treatment, followed by stimulation with the IgE-inducing cocktail. Cell culture supernatants were collected at day 7, and IgE levels were measured. The experiment was done in one representative donor (mean ± SEM). Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post test, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell.
|
|
S7198 |
BIOBIO (GSK-3 Inhibitor IX, 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime) is a specific inhibitor of GSK-3 with IC50 of 5 nM for GSK-3α/β in a cell-free assay, shows >16-fold selectivity over CDK5, also a pan-JAK inhibitor with IC50 of 30 nM for Tyk2. BIO induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells. |
![]() ![]() Lysates of HCT116p53KO cells were harvested 24 hs after treatment with different GSK3 inhibitors and GSK3A/B activation/inactivation checked by western blot: a mix of pSer21-GSK3A and pSer9-GSK3B antibodies and antibody cross-reacting with both pTyr279-GSK3A and pTyr216-GSK3B were used to assess the specificity of the inhibitor for GSK3A. BIO: 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, TWS: TWS119, SB2: SB216763, SB4: SB415286.
|
|
S2310 |
HonokiolHonokiol is the active principle of magnolia extract that inhibits Akt-phosphorylation and promotes ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Honokiol causes G0/G1 phase arrest, induces apoptosis, and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Honokiol inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() (B) Cleaved PARP, Bax and Bcl2 protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting of KRAS mutant cells lysates after 48 h of honokiol (10, 20, 40, and 60 μM) treatment. ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 for comparison between control group and honokiol-treated group. |
|
S7281 |
JIB-04JIB-04 (NSC 693627) is a pan-selective Jumonji histone demethylase inhibitor with IC50 of 230, 340, 855, 445, 435, 1100, and 290 nM for JARID1A, JMJD2E, JMJD3, JMJD2A, JMJD2B, JMJD2C, and JMJD2D in cell-free assays, respectively. JIB‑04 also induces cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() G, Western blot analyses to monitor the amount of H3K9me3 in the presence of rhein and MMS (upper panel) and under the
treatment of JIB-04 (lower panel).
|
|
S8024 |
Tyrphostin AG 1296Tyrphostin AG 1296 is an inhibitor of PDGFR with IC50 of 0.3-0.5 μM, no activity to EGFR. Tyrphostin AG1296 inhibits FGFR and c-Kit with IC50 of 12.3 μM and 1.8 μM in Swiss 3T3 cells. Tyrphostin AG1296 induces dramatic apoptosis in A375R cells. |
![]() ![]() After inoculation with KAT4 cells, administration of compounds including MK-2206 (100 mg/kg), tyrphostin AG 1296 (100 mg/kg), or a combination of MK-2206 (100 mg/kg) and tyrphostin AG 1296 (100 mg/kg) was performed. The combination of MK-2206 and tyrphostin AG 1296 induced significant apoptosis of KAT4 tumor cells in vivo measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay (green), and nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). |
|
S7129 |
PYR-41PYR-41 is the first cell-permeable inhibitor of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, with no activity at E2. PYR-41 induce apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (D) Ubiquitination level of Htt protein was detected by immunoprecipitation with the GFP antibody and western blotting with the ubiquitin antibody from GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells treated as (C). Total Htt protein level served as the loading control. (E) GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells were treated as (C).Soluble Htt protein was detected by western blotting and quantified. Mean ± SEM, n = 5, ***p < 0.001 compared to the control group. (F) GO binding assay of GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells treated with GO, followed by Western blotting (left panel) with the ubiquitin antibody and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining (right panel). L is the lysate before precipitation, while S and P were the supernatant and the pellet, respectively, after the precipitation. (G) Ubiquitination levels of Htt protein in supernatant lysate prepared from GO treated GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells with or without GO binding for 30 min.
|
|
S8075 |
GANT61GANT61 (NSC 136476) is an inhibitor for GLI1 as well as GLI2-induced transcription, inhibits hedgehog with IC50 of 5 μM in GLI1 expressing HEK293T cell, displays selectivity over other pathways, such as TNF and glucocorticoid receptor gene transactivation. GANT61 induces apoptosis and activates protective autophagy in LX-2 cells. |
![]() ![]() Apoptosis evaluation of UACC62R, SK-MEL-28 R and R3 cells treated with Gant61 (10 μM) for 48 h by flow cytometry detection of Annexin V staining. |
|
S7276 |
SGI-1027SGI-1027 (DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor II) is a DNMT inhibitor with IC50 of 6, 8, 7.5 μM for DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B in cell-free assays, respectively. SGI‑1027 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Following the incubation of the unmethylated DNA probe with DNMTase in the presence of spotted DNMTIs, Cy5 intensity values were measured before ( I0 ) and after ( I30 ) of endonuclease cleavage. Each data set was normalized to the initial fluorescence signal within the corresponding block and the resulting ratio describes the net CpG sites remained uncleaved (盨.D., n = 64). The red line represents the inhibitory threshold determined as two standard deviations below the averaged 'unspotted' ratio. On-chip visualization of the corresponding remaining Cy5 signal is placed on the bottom of each column.
|
|
S7106 |
AZD3463AZD3463 is a novel orally bioavailable ALK inhibitor with Ki of 0.75 nM, which also inhibits IGF1R with equivalent potency. AZD3463 suppresses cell viability by inducing both cell apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() (E) Immunoblot analysis of lysates of A4573 and TC32 cells following exposure to media only (Control, C); ST/V and V/ST with (+) or without (-) 20 nM AZD3463 using antibodies against ALK, IGF-1R, STAT3 (Y705), p-STAT3, AKT, p-AKT (S473), MAPK, p-MAPK (p42/44). |
|
S1413 |
Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1)Bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1) is a vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.44 nM. Bafilomycin A1 is found to inhibit autophagy while induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Mitochondrial depolarization mediated relocation of mitochondrial RC-TPP into lysosomes and the ensuing lysosomal acidity triggered rhodamine fluorescence. RC-TPP-loaded Tom20-GFP+ HeLa cells were treated without or with CCCP (20 μM) in the presence or absence of BFA (200 nM). Colocalization of Tom20-GFP (in green) and mitochondrial RC-TPP (in blue) is shown in cyan. Scale bar: 10 μm.
|
|
S2741 |
Niraparib (MK-4827)Niraparib (MK-4827) is a selective inhibitor of PARP1/2 with IC50 of 3.8 nM/2.1 nM, with great activity in cancer cells with mutant BRCA-1 and BRCA-2. It is >330-fold selective against PARP3, V-PARP and Tank1. Niraparib can form PARP–DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() PARP1 silencing rescues PARP1/2 inhibitor sensitivity in the ERCC1-deficient population. Effect of PARP1 knockdown by siRNA on sensitivity of ERCC1-isogenic cell lines to niraparib. Cells were reverse-transfected with PARP1 siRNA and drug was added 48 h after transfection. Cells were exposed to the drug for 5 days. Error bars represent the s.d. from the mean of three independent experiments.
|
|
S7379 |
E-64E-64 is an irreversible and selective cysteine protease inhibitor, and also inhibits papain, calpain, and cathepsins B and H, but not serine proteases or aspartic proteases. The IC50 for papain is 9 nM. E-64 induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in Filarial Parasite. |
||
S1576 |
SulfasalazineSulfasalazine (Azulfidine, Salazopyrin, Sulphasalazine) is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy. |
||
S8058 |
Riviciclib hydrochloride (P276-00)Riviciclib hydrochloride (P276-00) is a novel CDK1, CDK4 and CDK9 inhibitor with IC50 of 79 nM, 63 nM and 20 nM, respectively. Riviciclib hydrochloride (P276-00) induces apoptosis. Phase 2/3. |
![]() ![]() Predicted anticancer drugs inhibit the growth of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib, sunitinib, regorafenib and cabozantinib effectively inhibit GOT1 cell growth with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Inhibitors of AKT (MK-2206), HDAC (vorinostat), HSP90 (alvespimycin) and CDK4/9 (P276-00) also inhibited GOT1 cell growth at micromolar concentrations, whereas inhibition of PARP1 (veliparib) had no effect. GOT1 cells were treated with anticancer drugs at various concentrations for 4 days. Cell viability was estimated using AlamarBlue®. Data points are the mean values of three individual experiments carried out in triplicate (n=9). Fitting of curves was done in GraphPad Prism software v6.04 using log (inhibitor) vs response nonlinear fit with variable slope. IC50 was interpolated at Y=50 and bars denote ±s.d. |
|
S7076 |
T0901317T0901317 is a potent and selective agonist for both LXR and FXR, with EC50 of ~50 nM and 5 μM, respectively. T0901317 is a dual inverse agonist of RORα and RORγ with Ki of 132 nM and 51 nM, respectively. T0901317 significantly suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (C) Cells were pretreated with DMSO or T0901317 (5 μM), then incubated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 6 h. |
|
S7162 |
Mdivi-1Mdivi-1 is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of mitochondrial division DRP1 (dynamin-related GTPase) and mitochondrial division Dynamin I (Dnm1) with IC50 of 1-10 μM. Mdivi-1 attenuates mitophagy and enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() a Representative TUNEL/DAPI photomicrographs of ipsilateral cortex in different groups (scale bar = 100 μm). |
|
S7369 |
4EGI-14EGI-1 is a competitive eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor by binding to eIF4E with KD of 25 μM. 4EGI-1 specifically inhibits the function of mTOR by blocking the activation of 4E-BP1. 4EGI-1 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Hep3B and PC3 cells were treated with 50 μmol/L 4EGI-1 or 5 μmol/L ABT alone or their combination for 48 hours, and then the cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. p, phosphorylated; t, total; T, Thr; S, Ser; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
|
|
S7038 |
EpoxomicinEpoxomicin (BU-4061T, Aids010837) is a selective proteasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits primarily the CH-L activity of the 20S proteasome, while T-L and PGPH catalytic activities are also inhibited at 100- and 1000-fold reduced rate. Epoxomicin promotes apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Epoxomicin did not inhibit the EV71-induced PMLIII and IV degradation. Cell lysates were prepared from 293T cells infected or mock-infected with EV71 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 for 24 or 48 h in the presence or absence of epoxomicin (1 µM). At 24 h post-infection (p.i.) (left panels) or 48 h p.i. (right panels), 60 μg of protein extracted from each treatment were separated on SDS-PAGE and analyzed by performing a Western blot analysis using antibodies specific for PMLIII and IV (top panels), VP1 (middle panels), and GAPDH, which served as an internal loading control (bottom panels). PMLIII and IV were quantified by performing densitometry and are presented relative to the mock infection, which was set as 1.0. VP1 was quantified and is presented relative to that in the EV71-infected 293T cells at 24 h p.i. (left panels) or 48 h p.i. (right panels). The density value of VP1 without epoxomicin is set as 1.0. The experiment was performed three times, and representative results are shown.
|
|
S7177 |
PF-543PF-543, a novel sphingosine-competitive inhibitor of SphK1, inhibits SphK1 with IC50 and Ki of 2.0 nM and 3.6 nM, exhibits >100-fold selectivity over the SphK2 isoform. PF-543 induces apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() (C) Western blot analysis of mature TGF-β1, FN and Col-I protein levels in sham, sham+ PF-543, UUO and UUO +PF-543 groups at 7 days (n =3). (average ± SEM; ANOVA; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus sham group. #P < 0.05 versus UUO group). (D) Periodic acid-Schiff staning showed that tubular atrophy was evident in the obstructed kidneys at UUO 7 days after PF-543 treatment (n =6). (E) Masson's trichrome staining showed that matrix accumulation increased in the obstructed kidneys at UUO 7 days after PF-543 treatment(n = 6). (original magnification, ×400, scale bar =50 μm).
|
|
S7090 |
GSK923295GSK923295 is a first-in-class, specific allosteric inhibitor of CENP-E kinesin motor ATPase with Ki of 3.2 nM, and less potent to mutant I182 and T183. GSK923295 induces post-mitotic apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (f) HeLa cells were treated with mitotic kinesin CENP-E inhibitor GSK923295 (50 nM) for 1 h to generate misaligned kinetochores. After fixation, cells were stained for ACA, tubulin, and TIP60. Statistical significance was tested by two-sided t-test and represented by asterisks corresponding to ***, p < 0.001. Scale bars, 5 μm. |
|
S8049 |
Tubastatin ATubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold). Tubastatin A promotes autophagy and increases apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Control and MEC17 KD macrophages (RAW264.7) were treated with TBSA or DMSO for 12 hours followed by LPS treatment for indicated time. p38 phosphorylation were determined by immuno-blotting.
|
|
S8808 |
DC661DC661 is capable of deacidifying the lysosome and inhibiting autophagy significantly better than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). DC661 induces apoptosis. |
||
S9190 |
Oroxin BOroxin B (Hypocretin-2), one of flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent, selectively induces tumor-suppressive ER stress in malignant lymphoma cells and has antioxidant activity. Oroxin B significantly inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be strongly associated with the inhibiting COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 cells, Oroxin B potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer.COX-2, VEGF, PI3K, and p-AKT expression levels are downregulated, while PTEN is upregulated after Oroxin B treatment. |
||
S8018 |
Nirogacestat (PF-03084014)Nirogacestat (PF-03084014, PF-3084014) is a selective gamma-secretase inhibitor with IC50 of 6.2 nM in a cell-free assay. Nirogacestat (PF-03084014, PF-3084014) induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() The expression of p-EGFR and NICD was assessed by western blot after treatment for 3 d.
|
|
S7094 |
PF-3758309PF-03758309 (PF-03758309) is a potent, ATP-competitive, pyrrolopyrazole inhibitor of PAK4 with IC50 of 1.3 nM. PF-3758309 is antiproliferative and induces apoptosis in a HCT116 tumor model. |
![]() ![]() (C) MEF lysates treated with 10 μM PF-3758309 and DMSO as control were loaded in a PhosTag gel. Phospho- and dephospho-proteins (PAK6 and 14-3-3γ) were visualized using anti-PAK6 or anti-pSer560 antibody and anti-14-3-3γ or anti-pSer58. Protein loading was controlled by western blot using anti-PAK6 and anti-14-3-3γ antibodies.
|
|
S3984 |
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic antioxidant found in the leaves and twigs of the evergreen desert shrub, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville (creosote bush). It is a recognized inhibitor of lipoxygenase (LOX) and has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a cytotoxic insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R)/HER2 inhibitor and induces apoptosis. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits p300 and activates autophagy. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) protects cells from ferroptosis. |
||
S7846 |
Dubermatinib(TP-0903)TP-0903 is a potent and selective AXL Inhibitor with IC50 of 27 nM. TP-0903 is highly effective in inducing apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Phosphorylation of Axl was analyzed by Western blotting of whole cell lysates using different antibodies. GAPDH was used as an internal control. H1299 cells were stimulated for 15 min with 400 nM recombinant human Gas6 (rGas6). H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h.
|
|
S8762 |
dBET6dBET6 is a highly cell-permeable PROTAC degrader of BET bromodomains with an IC50 of 14 nM for BRD4 binding. dBET6 also induces c-MYC downregulation and apoptosis. |
||
S8820 |
PTC596PTC596 is a second-generation BMI-1 inhibitor that accelerates BMI-1 degradation. PTC596 downregulates MCL-1 and induces p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis. IC50 values at 72 hours ranged from 68 to 340 nM in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines. |
||
S5144 |
NeferineNeferine ((R)-1,2-Dimethoxyaporphine), a natural component of Nelumbo nucifera, has antitumor efficiency. Neferine induces apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Neferine prevents autophagy through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and Nrf2 in muscle cells. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation. Neferine possesses a number of therapeutic effects such as anti-diabetic, anti-aging, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and even anti-HIV. |
||
S7885 |
SBI-0206965SBI-0206965 is a highly selective autophagy kinase ULK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 108 nM, about 7-fold selectivity over ULK2. SBI-0206965 inhibits autophagy and enhances apoptosis in human glioblastoma and lung cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() Inhibition of autophagy advances LPS-induced accumulation of G-MDSCs in vivo and in vitro. (A-E) C57BL/6 mice were treated with SBI-0206965 (5 μg/g) or vehicle for 2 h followed by LPS challenge (10 μg/g). Percentages of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs (A, C), CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow G-MDSCs (B, D) and CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Chigh M-MDSCs (B, E) in spleens of these mice were analyzed with FACS at 12, 24 and 36 hours. The data are shown as the means ± SEM (n=5 replicates/group) and are representative of three independent experiments. (F, G) Bone marrow cells were pretreated with SBI-0206965 (1 μg/ml) or vehicle for 2 h and then cultured with GM-CSF (40 ng/ml) and IL-6 (40 ng/ml). Four days later, the percentages of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs (F), CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow G-MDSCs (G) and CD11b+Ly6G- Ly6Chigh M-MDSCs (G) were analyzed with FACS. Data are representative from one out of three biological replicates, each with three technical replicates. Error bars represent S.E.M. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, as determined by ANOVA tests; ns denotes p > 0.05. |
|
S5554 |
Lanatoside CLanatoside C is a cardiac glycoside with antiviral and anti-tumor activity. Lanatoside C induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and induces autophagy and apoptosis via attenuating MAPK, Wnt, JAK-STAT, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. |
||
S4732 |
MPTP hydrochlorideMPTP hydrochloride is a dopaminergic neurotoxin and cause selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of parkinsonism. MPTP hydrochloride induces apoptosis. |
||
S8244 |
Etomoxir sodium saltEtomoxir sodium salt is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) on the outer face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Etomoxir enhances palmitate-induced cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblot analysis of CyclinD1, PCNA, γ-H2AX, cleaved-PRAP and -caspase3 (F) in normal saline or ETO-treated groups were determined at 10 weeks after HFD treatment (n = 10 mice/group).
|
|
S5243 |
Ruxolitinib PhosphateRuxolitinib Phosphate (INCB018424, INC424) is the phosphate salt form of Ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib is the first potent, selective, JAK1/2 inhibitor to enter the clinic with IC50 of 3.3 nM/2.8 nM in cell-free assays, >130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 versus JAK3. Ruxolitinib kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy. Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and enhances apoptosis. |
||
S7215 |
Losmapimod (GW856553X)Losmapimod (GW856553X, GW856553, GSK-AHAB) is a selective, potent, and orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor with pKi of 8.1 and 7.6 for p38α and p38β, respectively. P38 MAPKs are involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Intracellular pathways of b-adrenoceptor-induced proliferation. Urothelial proliferation (% of basal responses) in T24 in the absence and presence of (d) losmapimod (1-30 μM).
|
|
S7963 |
TIC10 (ONC201)TIC10 (ONC201) inactivates Akt and ERK to induce TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through Foxo3a, possesses superior drug properties: delivery across the blood-brain barrier, superior stability and improved pharmacokinetics. Phase 1/2. |
![]() ![]() Established HCC cell lines, HepG2 (A-C) and Huh-7 (D), primary human HCC cells (D, "Pri_1/Pri _2"), as well as HL-7702 human hepatocytes (D) and primary human adult hepatocytes ("Hepatocytes", D), were either left untreated ("C", same for all figures), or treated with applied concentration of TIC10 (0.1-30 μM), cells were then cultured in conditional medium for applied time; Cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay (A and D), clonogenicity assay (B) and [H3] Thymidine incorporation assay (C). Experiments in this figure were repeated for five times, with similar results obtained. n = 5 for each repeat. Bars stand for mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs. group "C".
|
|
S7776 |
Akti-1/2Akti-1/2 (Akt Inhibitor VIII) is a highly selective Akt1/Akt2 inhibitor with IC50 of 58 nM/210 nM, respectively, about 36-fold selectivity for Akt1 over Akt3. Akti-1/2 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() AKTi-1/2 inhibits human HCC cells in vitro. Human HCC HepG2 cells (A–F), Huh-7 cells (G), primary human HCC cells (“Pri HCC”, G) or the primary liver cells (“Pri liver cells”, G) were treated with/out applied concentrations of AKTi-1/2 for indicated time; Cell survival (A, B and G), proliferation (C and D) and apoptosis (E and F) were tested by the listed assays. Data were shown as the mean (n = 5) with the standard deviation (SD). Experiments in this figure were repeated three times, with similar results were obtained. *P < 0.05 vs. “C” (untreated control) group.
|
|
S7625 |
Niraparib (MK-4827) tosylateNiraparib tosylate (MK-4827, ZEJULA) is a selective inhibitor of PARP1/PARP2 with IC50 of 3.8 nM/2.1 nM. Niraparib increases formation of PARP-DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. |
![]() ![]() Berberine activates PARP1 in ovarian cancer cells. PAR synthesis is detected by immunofluorescence staining in A2780 and HO8910 treated with different concentration of berberine alone or in combination with niraparib (10 μM) for 48 h. Top: representative examples of immunofluorescence staining of PAR. Scale bar, 20 μm. Bottom: quantification of PAR level in A2780 and HO8910. Immunofluorescence intensities were quantified by ImageJ. *P<0.05, **P<0.01
|
|
S8365 |
ApoptozoleApoptozole (Apoptosis Activator VII) is an inhibitor of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) and Hsc70 with dissociation constants Kd of 0.14 μM and 0.21 μM, respectively. It induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Representative images of platelets preincubated with FITC-conjugated CD41 before treated with negative control, pitstop 2, dynasore, A23, or apoptozole spreading on immobilized Fg for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively. Images were taken under oil immersion with magnification × 100. Scale bar, 5 μm.
|
|
S8401 |
Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493)Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) is a potent and selective orally bioavailable, pan fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Erdafitinib also binds to RET (c-RET), CSF-1R, PDGFR-α/PDGFR-β, FLT4, Kit (c-Kit) and VEGFR-2 and induces cellular apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() E, Continuous ERK phosphorylation in FGFR inhibitor resistant cells under 24-hour treatment with 1 μmol/L BGJ398 assessed by immunoblotting. FGFR inhibitors: AZD4547, BGJ398, and JNJ-42756493 |
|
S7747 |
Ro-3306RO-3306 is an ATP-competitive, and selective CDK1 inhibitor with Ki of 20 nM, >15-fold selectivity against a diverse panel of human kinases. RO-3306 enhances p53-mediated Bax activation and mitochondrial apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() HeLa cells were untreated or treated with either colcemid (10 μg/ml for 16 h), RO-3306 (9 μM for 16 h), or both colcemid and RO-3306, as indicated. Cells were then lysed, and proteins were detected by Western analysis.
|
|
S8402 |
KRIBB11KRIBB11 abolishes the heat shock-induced luciferase activity with an IC50 of 1.2 μM. It is an inhibitor of the transcription factor Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1). KRIBB11 induces growth arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S7781 |
SunitinibSunitinib (SU11248) is a multi-targeted RTK inhibitor targeting VEGFR2 (Flk-1) and PDGFRβ with IC50 of 80 nM and 2 nM, and also inhibits c-Kit. Sunitinib is also a dose-dependent inhibitor of the autophosphorylation activity of IRE1α. Sunitinib induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Sunitinib decreases FLT-3 and RET phosphor ylation but increases ERK phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. H295R and SW13 cells were treated with sunitinib (10 nM) for various time points as indi-cated. Cell lysates were prepared and phospho-FLT-3, RET, and ERK levels were monitored by Western Blot-ting. Re-probing against FLT-3, RET, and ERK was done to ensure equal protein loading. |
|
S7888 |
Spautin-1Spautin-1 is a potent and specific autophagy inhibitor, and inhibits the deubiquitinating activity of USP10 and USP13 with IC50 of ∼0.6-0.7 μM. Spautin-1 enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analyses show significant inhibition of autophagy-related gene expression in Spautin-1 treated OCI-AML2 cells after Ara-C treatment.
|
|
S7724 |
APR-246 (PRIMA-1MET)APR-246, also known as PRIMA-1MET, is a small organic molecule that has been shown to restore tumour-suppressor function primarily to mutant p53 and also to induce cell death in various cancer types. APR-246 induces apoptosis and autophagy. |
||
S7785 |
Pemetrexed Disodium HydratePemetrexed Disodium Hydrate (LY-231514) is a novel antifolate and antimetabolite for TS, DHFR and GARFT with Ki of 1.3 nM, 7.2 nM and 65 nM, respectively. Pemetrexed Disodium Hydrate stimulates autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Role of PARP and BER in the synergy between PTX and GMX in A549 cells. Cells were pretreated ±1 umol/L olaparib (2 hours) then sequentially ±150 nmol/L PTX (24 hours), then ± GMX 12 nmol/L (48 hours). PAR modification of proteins and γ-H2AX levels were measured in extracts treated as in A by Western blotting.
|
|
S8317 |
3BDO3BDO, a butyrolactone derivative, could target FKBP1A and activate the mTOR signaling pathway. It inhibits autophagy in HUVECs. 3BDO inhibits oxLDL-induced apoptosis. |
||
S7396 |
CalpeptinCalpeptin is a potent, cell-permeable calpain inhibitor with ID50 of 52 nM, 34 nM, 138 nM, and 40 nM for Calpain I (porcine erythrocytes), Calpain II (porcine kidney), Papainb, and Calpain I (human platelets), respectively. Calpeptin attenuates apoptosis and intracellular inflammatory changes in muscle cells. |
![]() ![]() Western blotting detection of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and its cleaved fragments with different treatments. DTX represents docetaxel, CPP represents calpeptin (a calpain inhibitor). The experiments were carried out 3 times, obtaining essentially similar results.
|
|
S8117 |
GMX1778 (CHS828)GMX1778 (CHS828) is a potent and specific inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with IC50 and Kd of < 25 nM and 120 nM, respectively. GMX1778 induces programmed cell death with apoptotic features. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (d) Representative images of haematoxylin and eosin staining from young colons treated with or without specific Nampt inhibitor GMX1778. Bar=100 μm. (e) Colonic NAD+/NADH ratio was analysed in young mice treated with or without Nampt inhibitor GMX1778 (n=5). *P<0.05. (f) Daily faecal number of young mice treated with or without specific Nampt inhibitor GMX1778 (n=6). **P<0.01.
|
|
S8760 |
Iberdomide (CC220)Iberdomide (CC-220) is a novel oral immunomodulatory compound that targets cereblon, part of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, with an IC50 of 60 nM in a competitive TR-FRET assay. Iberdomide (CC-220) induces apoptosis with antitumor and immunostimulatory activities. |
||
S8722 |
ICEC0942 (CT7001)ICEC0942 (CT7001) is a new, orally bioavailable CDK7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40nM. The IC50 values for CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK9 were 45-, 15-, 230- and 30-fold higher. ICEC0942 (CT7001) promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S2271 |
Berberine chlorideBerberine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator. |
||
S2391 |
QuercetinQuercetin (Sophoretin), a natural flavonoid present in vegetables, fruit and wine, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4-5.4 μM. Quercetin induces mitophagy, apoptosis and protective autophagy. Phase 4. |
![]() ![]() After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Quercetin for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF. |
|
S8591 |
FX1FX1 is a selective BCL6 BTB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 35 μM in reporter assays. FX1 shows great selectivity against a panel of 50 different kinases. 10 μM FX1 fails to significantly inhibit of any of these kinases. FX1 induces apoptosis. |
||
S7652 |
OTS514 hydrochlorideOTS514 is a highly potent TOPK(T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.6 nM. OTS514 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S2285 |
CryptotanshinoneCryptotanshinone is a STAT3 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.6 μM in a cell-free assay, strongly inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr705, with a small effect on STAT3 Ser727, but none against STAT1 nor STAT5. Cryptotanshinone induces ROS-dependent autophagy and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (a) Effect on STAT3 DNA binding activity of the STAT3 inhibitors cryptotanshinone (CTN) and S31-201 in STAT3 mutant cell lines OCI-Ly12 and OCI-Ly13.2. (b) Effect on cell viability at 48 h of the STAT3 inhibitors cryptotanshinone and S31-201 in OCI-Ly12 and OCI-Ly13.2 cells.
|
|
S8146 |
Mitomycin CMitomycin C is an antineoplastic antibiotic by inhibiting DNA synthesis, used to treat different cancers. Mitomycin C induces apoptosis in a caspases-dependent and Fas/CD95-independent manner. |
![]() ![]() MTT results of three HCC cell lines at 72 h after indicated treatments. Three independent experiments were carried out.
|
|
S8405 |
RRx-001RRx-001 is a novel epigenetic modulator with potential radiosensitizing activity. It inhibits glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) in human tumor cells, binds hemoglobin and drives RBC-mediated redox reactions under hypoxia. RRx-001 triggers apoptosis and exhibits anticancer activity. |
||
S7421 |
CGP 57380CGP 57380 is a potent MNK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 2.2 μM, exhibiting no inhibitory activity on p38, JNK1, ERK1 and -2, PKC, or c-Src-like kinases. CGP 57380 upregulates β-catenin and potentiates radiation-induced apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() PC-3 cells were seeded in 6-well plates. On the next day, cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of 3-AWA, LY294002, CGP57380 or Rapamycin alone and or combination for 12 h. The cells were then subjected to preparation of whole-cell lysates for detection of the indicated proteins using western blotting. The western blots are the representative of three similar experiments.
|
|
S2290 |
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy and apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activation. |
![]() ![]() (D) Western Blot analysis of TCTP in cell lysates of MDA cells after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposition to DHA. β-actin was used as loading control. |
|
S8446 |
ImportazoleImportazole is a small molecule inhibitor of the transport receptor importin-β (Karyopherin beta) specifically blocking importin-β-mediated nuclear import. Importazole induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth. |
![]() ![]() Representative colony formation assays and quantification of cells from (A) following 72 hr treatment with docetaxel (125 nM), cabazitaxel (25 nM), mitoxantrone (500 nM), and single dose radiation (5 Gys).
|
|
S7358 |
Poziotinib (HM781-36B)Poziotinib (HM781-36B, NOV120101) is an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM, 5.3 nM and 23.5 nM for HER1, HER2, and HER4, respectively. Poziotinib also induces apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. Phase 2. |
||
S7793 |
Purvalanol APurvalanol A is a potent, and cell-permeable CDK inhibitor with IC50 of 4 nM, 70 nM, 35 nM, and 850 nM for cdc2-cyclin B, cdk2-cyclin A, cdk2-cyclin E, and cdk4-cyclin D1, respectively. Purvalanol A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() After 12 h PAB treatment, cells were treated with PAB in the absence and presence of RO-3306 or purvalanol A for 12 h and 36 h. (A) Expressions of p-histone h3 were detected by western blot.
|
|
S7409 |
AnisomycinAnisomycin (Flagecidin) is a bacterial antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseolus, which inhibits protein synthesis, and also act as a JNK activator. Anisomycin upregulates autophagy and increases apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Effect of TMZ (100 μmol/l for U87 cells, 50 μmol/l for U251 cells), anisomycin (4 μmol/l), SB203580 (10 μmol/l), TMZ+SB203580 (10 μmol/l) treatment on thephosphorylation of p38 and AQP4 for 24 h in U87 cells and U251 cells, detected by Western blotting. (A) Protein expression of p-p38, p38 and AQP4 in U87 cells with differenttreatments. (B) The ration of p-p38/p38 in U87 cells. (C) The proportion of AQP4 in GAPDH in U87 cells. (D) Protein expression of p-p38, p38 and AQP4 in U251 cells withdifferent treatments. (E) The ration of p-p38/p38 in U251 cells. (F) The proportion of AQP4 in GAPDH in U251 cells. *P< 0.05 versus the control group |
|
S8400 |
Mivebresib (ABBV-075)Mivebresib (ABBV-075) is a novel BET family bromodomain inhibitor. It binds bromodomains of BRD2/4/T with similar affinities (Ki of 1-2.2 nM) and highly selective for 18 bromodomain proteins tested (Kd > 1 μM; more than 600-fold selectivity vs. BRD4), but exhibits roughly 10-fold weaker potency towards BRD3 (Ki of 12.2 nM) and has moderate activity towards CREBBP (Kd = 87 μM; 54-fold selectivity vs. BRD4). Mivebresib(ABBV-075) efficiently triggers apoptosis in various tumor cell. |
||
S7648 |
OTS964OTS964 is a potent TOPK inhibitor with high affinity and selectivity and IC50 value is 28 nM. OTS964 is also a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 with Kd of 40 nM. OTS964 treatment activates autophagy in glioma cells and induces apoptosis of human lung cancer cells in mouse xenografts. |
||
S9054 |
PectolinarinPectolinarin is a major compound in Cirsium setidens with anti-inflammatory activity. Pectolinarin inhibits secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the production of PGE2 and NO. Pectolinarin induces apoptosis via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. |
||
S7255 |
Onvansertib (NMS-P937)Onvansertib (NMS-P937, PCM-075, NMS1286937) is an orally available, selective Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor with IC50 of 2 nM, 5000-fold selectivity over PLK2/PLK3. Onvansertib (NMS-P937) potently causes a mitotic cell-cycle arrest followed by apoptosis in cancer cell lines and inhibits tumor growth. Phase 1. |
||
S8156 |
ARS-853 (ARS853)ARS-853 is a selective, covalent KRAS(G12C) inhibitor that inhibits mutant KRAS-driven signaling by binding to the GDP-bound oncoprotein and preventing activation. ARS-853 also induces apoptosis. |
||
S8432 |
Troglitazone (CS-045)Troglitazone (Rezulin, Romglizone, Prelay, CS045, Romozin) is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR) that is a ligand activated transcription factor regulating cell differentiation and growth. Troglitazone induces autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis in bladder cancer cells. Troglitazone prevents RSL3-induced ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation in Pfa1 cells. |
||
S8615 |
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA)Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA, Dichloroacetic acid, bichloroacetic acid, BCA), a specific inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) with IC50 values of 183 and 80 μM for PDK2 and PDK4 respectively, has been shown to derepress Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and a mitochondrial potassium-ion channel axis. Sodium dichloroacetate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, triggers apoptosis in cancer cells, and inhibits tumor growth. |
||
S4269 |
Vinorelbine TartrateVinorelbine Tartrate is a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid, and inhibits mitosis through interaction with tubulin. Vinorelbine Tartrate exhibits anti-tumor activities via inducing the mitotic apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. |
![]() ![]() Activity of vinorelbine in NSCLC cell lines in cell viability assay. Activity of vinorelbine NCI-H23, NCI-H460, and NCC44 cell lines in a Cell Titer Glo cell viability assay. Cells were treated with increasing drug concentrations from 0-10000 nM. The data are plotted as the mean % of control cells against the corresponding drug concentration.
|
|
S7668 |
Picropodophyllin (PPP)Picropodophyllin (PPP, AXL1717) is a IGF-1R inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM. It displays selectivity for IGF-1R and does not coinhibit tyrosine phosphorylation the IR, or of a selected panel of receptors less related to IGF-IR(FGF-R, PDGF-R, OR EGF-R). Picropodophyllin (PPP) induces apoptosis with antineoplastic activity. |
![]() ![]() CLL B cells purified from freshly isolated or freeze-thawed PBMCs from CLL patient samples were treated with a single dose of 1 µM PPP and were immunoblotted for the expression of phosphorylated IGF1R and IRS-1 (n = 4).
|
|
S8141 |
Cl-amidineCl-amidine is an irreversible pan-peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.9 ± 0.3 μM, 0.8 ± 0.3 μM, 6.2 ± 1.0 μM for PAD4, PAD1 and PAD3, respectively. Cl-amidine induces apoptosis. |
||
S8149 |
NSC348884NSC348884, as a nucleophosmin inhibitor, inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 1.4-4 µM. |
||
S7985 |
PIM447 (LGH447)PIM447 (LGH447) is a novel pan-PIM kinase inhibitor with Ki values of 6 pM, 18 pM, 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, PIM3 respectively. It also inhibits GSK3β, PKN1, and PKCτ, but at a significantly lower potency with IC50 between 1 and 5 μM (>105-fold differential relative to the Ki on PIMs). PIM447 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (H) MV4-11 cells were treated for 6 hours with or without 3 ng/ml BZM, 10 μM PF, or 3 μM PIM, as indicated, and analyzed.
|
|
S8523 |
GSK2256098GSK2256098 is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP competitive FAK kinase inhibitor with apparent Ki of 0.4 nM. GSK2256098 inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis. |
||
S7678 |
Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696)Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696, Sacubitril, Valsartan), consisting of valsartan and sacubitril in 1:1 molar ratio, is an orally bioavailable, dual-acting angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) for hypertension and heart failure. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Histological analysis staining of three groups. (a) Representative H&E-staining micrographs displaying transverse myocardial section (original magnification ×200). (b) Masson staining of three groups (original magnification ×200). Collagen content (%) of heart tissues were presented as fibrosis (***P < 0.001, n = 7 per group). (c) Cardiac section of three group mice hearts stained with WGA (original magnification ×400) (*P < 0.05, n = 7 per group). (d) The expression of Drp1 significantly increased in DOX group (***P < 0.001, n = 7 per group) and it decreased in DOX + LCZ696 group (**P < 0.01, n = 7 per group).
|
|
S7536 |
Lorlatinib (PF-6463922)Lorlatinib (PF-6463922) is a potent, dual ALK/ROS1 inhibitor with Ki of <0.02 nM, <0.07 nM, and 0.7 nM for ROS1, ALK (WT), and ALK (L1196M), respectively. PF-06463922 induces apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Sub-G1 and cell cycle phase distribution of NBLW and NBLW-R cells treated for 24 hours with DMSO, 1× or 10× the respective GI 50 concentrations of PF-06463922.
|
|
S7362 |
AZD5582AZD5582, a novel small-molecule IAP inhibitor, binds potently to the BIR3 domains of cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP with IC50 values of 15, 21, and 15 |
||
S8341 |
TAK-243 (MLN7243)TAK-243 (MLN7243) is a potent, mechanism-based small-molecule inhibitor of the ubiquitin activating enzyme (UAE) with an IC50 of 1 ± 0.2 nM in the UBCH10 E2 thioester assay. It has minimal inhibitory activity in a panel of kinase and receptor assays, as well as on human carbonic anhydrase type I and type II. TAK-243 (MLN7243) induces ER stress, abrogates NFκB pathway activation and promotes apoptosis. |
||
S8148 |
PD0166285PD0166285 is a potent Wee1 and Chk1 inhibitor with activity at nanomolar concentrations (IC50=24 nM for Wee1 and 72 nM for Myt1). PD0166285 is also a novel G2 checkpoint abrogator. PD0166285 induces apoptosis. |
||
S4505 |
Vinblastine sulfateVinblastine sulfate (NSC49842) inhibits microtubule formation and suppresses nAChR activity with IC50 of 8.9 μM in a cell-free assay, used to treat certain kinds of cancer. Vinblastine sulfate induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
||
S2942 |
EB-3DEB-3D is a potent and selective inhibitor of choline kinase α (ChoKα) with IC50 of 1 μM for ChoKα1. EB-3D induces deregulation of the AMPK-mTOR pathway and apoptosis in leukemia T-cells. |
||
S7612 |
PX-478 2HClPX-478 2HCl is an orally active, and selective hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor. PX-478 2HCl induces apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Glucose uptake and lactate production were determined in H460 and A549 lung cancer cells in the presence of the HIF1α inhibitor, PX-478 (10 μM) (** p < 0.01)
|
|
S7680 |
SP2509SP2509 (HCI-2509) is a selective histone demethylase LSD1 inhibitor with IC50 of 13 nM, showing no activity against MAO-A, MAO-B, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose oxidase. SP2509 induces apoptosis and promotes autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Cells were exposed to drugs for 48 h or for the indicated times. Cell death and Dwm dissipation were determined by flow cytometric analyses of propidium iodide uptake or DiOC6(3) staining, respectively. Caspase 3/7 activity was determined using the fluorogenic substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC; relative caspase 3/7 activities are the ratio of treated cells to untreated cells.
|
|
S7653 |
PND-1186 (VS-4718)PND-1186 (VS-4718, SR-2156) is a reversible and selective FAK inhibitor with IC50 of 1.5 nM. PND-1186 selectively promotes tumor cell apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (a) Percentage of apoptotic HepG2 and Huh7.5 cells after 48 h of treatment with DMSO (Vehicle), 0.5 μM or 1 μM PND 1186 measured by Annexin V and flow cytometry. Values are plotted as mean±SD (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; versus Vehicle, n =3). (b) Representative WB for p21 and caspase-3 in HepG2 and Huh7.5 cells after 48 h of treatment with DMSO (0), 0.5 μM or 1 μM PND 1186. β-tubulin is reported as a loading control (n=2). (c) Relative mRNA expression of EZH2 and NOTCH2 genes as measured by qRT-PCR in HepG2 and Huh7.5 cells after 48 h of treatment with DMSO (Vehicle), 0.5 μM or 1 μM PND 1186 (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; versus Vehicle, n =3). |
|
S4701 |
2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG, 2-deoxyglucose, NSC 15193), an analog of glucose, is a glycolytic inhibitor with antiviral activity. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose induces apoptosis and inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1) receptor expression. |
![]() ![]() (B) 2-DG activates AMPK and suppresses H3K27me3, PRC2 of ovarian cancer cells in normoglycemic condition.
|
|
S3604 |
Triptolide (PG490)Triptolide (PG490, NSC 163062) is a diterpene triepoxide, immunosuppresive agent extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It functions as a NF-κB inhibitor with dual actions by disruption of p65/CBP interaction and by reduction of p65 protein. Triptolide (PG490) abrogates the transactivation function of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Triptolide inhibits MDM2 and induces apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. |
![]() ![]() Spironolactone (sp.) and triptolide inhibit NER in myeloma cells. RPMI8226 cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), spironolactone (10 μm) or triptolide (1 μm) for 6 h before NER evaluation. The figure represents the persistence of DNA-damage signal 150 min after exposure to UV (AFU: arbitrary fluorescent unit). Figure 4a shows representative merged pictures of DAPI and DDB2 proteo-probe signal (b).
|
|
S8495 |
WT161WT161 is a potent, selective, and bioavailable HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.4 nM, 8.35 nM and 15.4 nM for HDAC6, HDAC1 and HDAC2, respectively; shown to have >100-fold selectivity over other HDACs. WT161 induces apoptosis. |
||
S2348 |
Rotenone (Barbasco)Rotenone (Barbasco, Dactinol, Paraderil, Rotenon, Rotocide) is a botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport. Rotenone inhibits NADH/DB oxidoreductase and NADH oxidase with IC50 of 28.8 nM and 5.1 nM, respectively. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. |
||
S7104 |
AZD1208AZD1208 is a potent, and orally available Pim kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.4 nM, 5 nM, and 1.9 nM for Pim1, Pim2, and Pim3 in cell-free assays, respectively. AZD1208 induces autophagy, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Loss of proliferation in ATL-derived cell lines by the Pim-kinase inhibitor AZD1208 (D). Cell counts were repeated at least twice. Results represent the percentage of cells alive after 5 days of Pim inhibitor treatment, compared with 5 days treated with DMSO. For AZD1208, cells were treated with 0, 5, or 10 μM AZD1208. Normal PBMCs (n = 2) were used as a control. Western blots indicate loss of Pim1 targets, p-4EBP1 (Thr37/46), p-p70S6K (Thr389), and loss of pBad (Ser20) (negligible for Smi-4a) after 24 hours with 0, 5, or 10 μM AZD1208; or DMSO control. |
|
S5584 |
CitronellolCitronellol (Dihydrogeraniol, (±)-β-Citronellol), a constituent of rose and geranium oils, is used in perfumes and insect repellents. Citronellol can cause necrotic apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells by up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1 / RIP3 activities, and down-regulating caspase-3 / caspase-8 activities. Citronellol also results in a biphasic increase in ROS production at 1 h and at 12 h in NCI-H1299 cells. |
||
S7006 |
BAY-61-3606BAY-61-3606 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Syk kinase (Ki = 7.5 nM). BAY-61-3606 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S7353 |
EPZ004777EPZ004777 is a potent, selective DOT1L inhibitor with IC50 of 0.4 nM in a cell-free assay and demonstrates >1,200-fold selectivity for DOT1L over all other tested PMTs. EPZ004777 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() THP-1 cells were treated with MI-3 (6.25 μM, 6 days), GSK126 (5 μM, 6 days), or EPZ004777 (5 μM, 6 days), with orwithout PMA (50 ng/mL, 12 h), and surface expression of CD11b was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The data are representedas the mean ± SD, n = 3. THP-1 cells were collected for Wright-Giemsa staining. |
|
S9141 |
BerbamineBerbamine (BA), a traditional Chinese medicines extracted from Berberis amurensis (xiaoboan), is a novel inhibitor of bcr/abl fusion gene with potent anti-leukemia activity and also an inhibitor of NF-κB. Berbamine (BA) induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). |
||
S7501 |
HO-3867HO-3867, an analog of curcumin, is a selective STAT3 inhibitor that inhibits its phosphorylation, transcription, and DNA binding without affecting the expression of other active STATs. HO-3867 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Cell apoptosis as measured by TUNEL. Representative sections as determined at 12 hours after reperfusion (3100 magnification). Apoptotic nuclei were stained red, and the software of Image J was used to analyse quantity of TUNEL-positive cells in the livers. Scale bars5100 lm. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with IR group.
|
|
S8041 |
Cobimetinib (GDC-0973)Cobimetinib (GDC-0973, RG7420) is a potent and highly selective MEK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.2 nM, showing more than 100-fold selectively for MEK1 over MEK2 and showed no significant inhibition when tested against a panel of more than 100 of serine-threonine and tyrosine kinases. Cobimetinib induces apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Three types of selective inhibitors of MAPK signaling produce expected differential kinase inhibition and activation responses in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. HCT116 cells were treated with 250 nM of GDC-0973, GDC-0623, SCH772984 or DMSO for 1, 4, or 24 h. In the washout samples, cells were drug treated for 24 h, then changed into fresh media and harvested after 0.5 or 2 h. Lysates were used for Western blots of total and phosphorylated MEK, ERK, and RSK; blotting for COX IV was used as the loading control.
|
|
S7818 |
Pexidartinib (PLX3397)Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is an oral, potent mutil-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, Kit (c-Kit), and FLT3 with IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively. Pexidartinib (PLX3397) induces apoptosis and necrosis with antitumor activity. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() (a) Reduced tumour burden in PLX3397 (PLX) treated mice relative to untreated (NT) (n=6, P=.015; unpaired t-test). Bars represent total tumour volume with number of identified tumours indicated above each bar.
|
|
S6721 |
JG98JG-98 is an allosteric inhibitor of Hsp70 that binds tightly to a deep pocket that is conserved in members of the Hsp70 family. JG-98 induces classical apoptosis features, including morphological changes consistent with programmed cell death and positive annexin staining. JG-98 exhibits anticancer activity. |
||
S7867 |
OleuropeinOleuropein is an antioxidant polyphenol isolated from olive leaf. Oleuropein exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects and suppresses the adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Oleuropein inhibits PPARγ activity. Oleuropein exerts anti-adipogenic effect through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase. Oleuropein induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
||
S1238 |
TamoxifenTamoxifen (ICI 46474) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() E, Analysis of BrCSC viability upon treatment with tamoxifen (tam) and fulvestrant (fulv) at the indicated doses. The experiments were performed in triplicates. ** P<0.01. |
|
S7960 |
Larotrectinib (LOXO-101) sulfateLarotrectinib sulfate (LOXO-101, ARRY-470) is an oral potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK). Larotrectinib inhibition of TRKs induces cellular apoptosis and G1 cell-cycle arrest. |
![]() ![]() Quantification of colony formation in (A), shown as a percentage of the control for NCIH2077 and RT112. Mean (3 biological replicates) +/- standard deviation (SD) shown (* p-value < 0.05, ** < 0.005, *** < 0.0005, two-sided t-test, comparing combination treatment to BGJ398 treatment). ns = not significant. (BGJ, BGJ398; Tram, Trametinib; BKM, BKM120; AZD, 8931; LDC, LDC1267; LOXO, LOXO-101; Imat, Imatinib; MGCD, MGCG-265).
|
|
S8375 |
AZD0156AZD0156 is a potent and selective inhibitors of ATM kinase, with potential chemo-/radio-sensitizing and antineoplastic activities. AZD0156 prevents DNA damage checkpoint activation, disrupts DNA damage repair, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and leads to cell death of ATM-overexpressing tumor cells. |
||
S7889 |
XanthohumolXanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hop, inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects. Xanthohumol inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and DGAT2 with both IC50 of 40 μM. Xanthohumol is also a potent antiviral agent against a series of DNA and RNA viruses. Xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase 1. |
||
S8663 |
TakinibTakinib (EDHS-206) is a potent and selective TAK1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.5 nM, more than 1.5 log more potent than the second and third ranked targets, IRAK4 (120 nM) and IRAK1 (390 nM), respectively. Takinib induces apoptosis. |
||
S7465 |
FTI 277 HClFTI 277 HCl is the methyl ester of FTI 277, which is a potent and selective farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor with IC50 of 500 pM, about 100-fold selectivity over the closely related GGTase I. FTI 277 HCl inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. FTI 277 HCl is effective in clearing HDV viremia. |
![]() ![]() (A) HCT 116 cells were treated with Tram (0, 30, or 60 nM), and then treated with 10 μM FTI-277/4 μM GGTI-298 or vehicle control for 48 hr. CCK8 assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and growth. The data from a representative example of three independent experiments are presented as the mean±SD. (B) SW480 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Tram (0, 80, 160 nM), and then treated with 10 μM FTI-277/4 μM GGTI-298 or vehicle control for 48 hr. CCK8 assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and growth. The data from a representative example of three independent experiments are presented as the mean±SD.
|
|
S8246 |
RK-33RK-33 is a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of DDX3 (a RNA helicase) and causes G1 cell cycle arrest, induces apoptosis, and promotes radiation sensitization in DDX3-overexpressing cells. |
||
S7097 |
HSP990 (NVP-HSP990)HSP990 (NVP-HSP990) is a novel, potent and selective HSP90 inhibitor for HSP90α/β with IC50 of 0.6 nM/0.8 nM. NVP-HSP990 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Expression of CD24 and CD44 in HSP90 inhibitor‐treated, shRNA‐transduced HCC1937 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.
|
|
S9665New |
Motixafortide (BL-8040)Motixafortide (BL-8040, BKT140, TF 14016, 4-fluorobenzoyl, 4F-benzoyl-TN14003, T140) is an antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 of ~1 nM. BL-8040 induces the apoptosis of AML blasts by down-regulating ERK, BCL-2, MCL-1 and cyclin-D1 via altered miR-15a/16-1 expression. |
||
S1273New |
AmarogentinAmarogentin (AG), a secoiridoid glycoside mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots, exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. Amarogentin is an agonist for the bitter taste receptor TAS2R1 and inhibits in LAD-2 cells substance P-induced production of newly synthesized TNF-α. Amarogentin induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells (SNU-16) through G2/M cell cycle arrest and PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Amarogentin (AG) interacts with the α2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and activates the trimeric kinase with EC50 of 277 pM. |
||
S9700New |
TapinarofTapinarof (GSK2894512, Benvitimod, WBI 1001, DHPS, DMVT 505) is a natural agonist of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induces nuclear translocation of AhR in immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) with EC50 of 0.16 nM. Tapinarof induces cellular apoptosis in CD4+ T cells in a dosedependent manner with IC50 of 5.2 μM. |
||
S3294New |
Demethyl-CoclaurineDemethyl-Coclaurine (Higenamine, Norcoclaurine), the key component of the Chinese herb aconite root, is a beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. Demethyl-Coclaurine stimulates AKT phosphorylation and requires PI3K activation for the anti-apoptotic effect in cardiomyocytes. |
||
S6889New |
Monomethyl FumarateMonomethyl Fumarate (MMF, Monomethylfumarate, Fumaric acid monomethyl ester, Methyl hydrogen fumarate), the active metabolite of the psoriasis drug Fumaderm, is a potent GPR109A agonist. Monomethyl Fumarate prevents major dysfunctions associated with neurodegenerative diseases: oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy. |
||
S0407New |
XCT790XCT-790 (Compound 12) is a potent and selective inverse agonist for estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) with IC50 of 0.37 μM. XCT-790 (Compound 12) is inactive against ERRγ and the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. XCT-790 (Compound 12) significantly inhibits in vivo tumor growth and angiogenesis, and induces apoptosis. |
||
S0445New |
SC-43SC-43, a sorafenib derivative, is an agonist of Src-homology protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1/PTPN6) and reduces liver fibrosis. SC-43 reduces p-STAT3 and induces apoptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
||
S0149New |
C-DIM5C-DIM5 (DIM-C-pPhOCH3) is an agonist of Nur77 (Nerve growth factor-induced Bα (NGFI-Bα)/nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1)) which is an orphan nuclear receptor. C-DIM5 (DIM-C-pPhOCH3) decreases survival and induces apoptosis in RKO colon cancer cells. |
||
S6962New |
TPENTPEN (TPEDA) is a specific cell-permeable heavy metal chelator that induces apoptosis in NB4 cells via negatively regulating intracellular NO and Zn2+ signaling. TPEN (TPEDA) may be a potential therapeutic strategy for APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia). |
||
S3236New |
MesaconitineMesaconitine, one of the aconite alkaloids in Aconiti tuber, increases the [Ca2+]i level in endothelial cells by influx of Ca2+ from extracellular spaces. |
||
S3269New |
AcetylcorynolineAcetylcorynoline, a major alkaloid component derived from Corydalis bungeana which is a traditional Chinese medical herb, shows anti-inflammatory properties. Acetylcorynoline may decrease egl-1 expression to suppress apoptosis pathways and increase rpn5 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes. |
||
S0539New |
BTZO-1BTZO-1 binds to macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with Kd of 68.6 nM. BTZO-1 activats antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated gene expression and suppresses oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. |
||
S7307 |
GSK2606414GSK2606414 is an orally available, potent, and selective PERK inhibitor with IC50 of 0.4 nM, displaying at least 100-fold selectivity over the other EIF2AKs assayed. GSK2606414 impairs GANT-61 induced autophagy in NB cells with MYCN amplification. GSK2606414 exacerbates ER stress-induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells while reduces the apoptosis in SIL1 KD HeLa cells. |
![]() ![]() GSK2606414 decreased the number of TUNEL-positive neurons at 72 h after SAH. Representative microphotographs showed the colocalization of NeuN (red) with TUNEL (green)-positive cells in the bilateral basal cerebral cortex at 72 h after SAH (a). Quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive neurons showed that GSK2606414 decreased the number of apoptotic cells after SAH (b). Scale bar=100 μm, *p < 0.05 versus sham; #p < 0.05 versus SAH + vehicle; ξp < 0.05 versus SAH+GSK2606414 (30 μg). |
|
S1204 |
MelatoninMelatonin is a MT receptor agonist, used as a dietary supplement. Melatonin is a selective ATF-6 inhibitor and downregulates COX-2. Melatonin enhances mitophagy and regulates the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() TUNEL staining of treated adipocytes and flow cytometry analysis of positive TUNEL cells (n=3). |
|
S7686 |
ML141ML141 (CID-2950007) is demonstrated to be a potent, selective and reversible non-competitive inhibitor of Cdc42 GTPase suitable for in vitro assays, with IC50 of 200 nM and selectivity against other members of the Rho family of GTPases (Rac1, Rab2, Rab7). ML141 is associated with an increase in p38 activation and may induce p38-dependent apoptosis/senescence. ML141 also protects neuroblastoma cells from metformin-induced apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (A) The survival rate detected at 72 h after the injection of different concentrations of ML141; shrimp injected with DMSO were used as controls. (B) The expression of WSSV IE1 at the mRNA level at 24 h post ML141 injection. Shrimp injected with the same amount of DMSO in each group were used as controls.
|
Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
---|---|---|---|
S9721New |
ASLAN003ASLAN003 (LAS 186323) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of DHODH (Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) with IC50 of 35 nM for human DHODH enzyme activity. ASLAN003 impairs protein synthesis and induces the differentiation and apoptosis transcriptional program in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells via activation of AP-1 transcription factors. |
||
S9785New |
FatostatinFatostatin (125B11), a diarylthiazole derivative, is a specific inhibitor of Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) activation. Fatostatin binds to SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein), and inhibits the ER-Golgi translocation of SREBPs. Fatostatin suppresses growth and enhances apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S6963New |
APTO-253APTO-253 (LOR-253, LT-253) inhibits c-Myc expression and selectively induces CDKN1A (p21), promotes G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. APTO-253 is also an inducer of KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4). |
||
S1242New |
CPTH2CPTH2 is a potent histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor modulating Gcn5p network. CPTH2 induces apoptosis and decreases the invasiveness of a ccRCC cell line through the inhibition of KAT3B. |
||
S6899New |
Licochalcone DLicochalcone D (Lico D, LCD, LD), a flavonoid isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Licochalcone D inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in LPS signaling pathway. Licochalcone D inhibits JAK2, EGFR and Met (c-Met) activities and induces ROS-dependent apoptosis. Licochalcone D also induces caspases activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. |
||
S5248New |
ApatinibApatinib is a potent inhibitor of the VEGF signaling pathway with IC50 values of 1 nM, 13 nM, 429 nM and 530 nM for VEGFR-2, Ret (c-Ret), c-Kit and c-Src, respectively. Apatinib induces both autophagy and apoptosis. |
||
S3245New |
NodakenetinNodakenetin (NANI), a plant-derived coumarin isolated from Angelica decursiva, inhibits α-glucosidase, PTP1B, rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), AChE, BChE, and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Nodakenetin alters the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2, and prompts mitochondrial apoptosis. Nodakenetin exhibits anti-tumor activity. |
||
S3267New |
Kaempferol-3-O-rutinosideKaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Nicotiflorin, Nikotoflorin, Kaempferol 3-O-β-rutinoside), a flavonoid extracted from Carthamus tinctorius, alters the shape and structure of injured neurons, decreases the number of apoptotic cells, down-regulates expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, caspase-3, and Bax and decreases Bax immunoredactivity, and increases Bcl-2 protein expression and immunoreactivity. |
||
S3296New |
HispidulinHispidulin (Dinatin), an active natrual ingredient in a number of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, exhibits inhibitory activity against the oncogenic protein kinase Pim-1 with IC50 of 2.71 μM. Hispidulin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of P13k/Akt signalling pathway in HepG2 cancer cells. Hispidulin exerts anti-osteoporotic and bone resorption attenuating effects via activating the AMPK signaling pathway. |
||
S3300New |
DesoxyrhaponticinDesoxyrhaponticin (DC, DES), a stilbene glycoside from Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. (rhubarb) which is a traditional Chinese nutritional food, is a fatty acid synthase (FAS/FASN) inhibitor. Desoxyrhaponticin (DC, DES) is also a competitive inhibitor of glucose uptake with IC50 of 148.3 μM and 30.9 μM in rabbit intestinal membrane vesicles and in rat everted gut sleeves, respectively. Desoxyrhaponticin has apoptotic effect on human cancer cells. |
||
S9698New |
EzatiostatEzatiostat (TER199, TLK199, Telintra), a tripeptide analog of glutathione, is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1). Ezatiostat activates c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK1) and ERK1/ERK2 and induces apoptosis. |
||
S3287New |
RosamultinRosamultin is a 19 α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid isolated from Potentilla anserina L. that inhibits HIV-1 protease. Rosamultin has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. |
||
S6894New |
BCHBCH (2-Aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, LAT1-IN-1) is a selective and competitive inhibitor of system L amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). BCH (LAT1-IN-1) induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S3256New |
TectochrysinTectochrysin (Techtochrysin, NSC 80687) is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. Tectochrysin significantly increases the expression of DR3, DR4 and Fas and inhibits activity of NF-κB. Tectochrysin induces apoptotic cell death. |
||
S6852New |
GossypolGossypol (BL 193) is an orally-active polyphenol isolated from cotton seeds and roots. Gossypol is a potent inhibitor of 5α-reductase 1 and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with IC50 of 3.33 μM and 0.52 μM in cell-free assay, respectively. Gossypol also inhibits the binding of BH3 peptide to Bcl protein with IC50 of 0.4 μM and 10 μM for Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, respectively. Gossypol induces apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in various cancer cells. |
||
S6885New |
AilanthoneAilanthone (AIL, Δ13-Dehydrochaparrinone), a natural anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) component in Ailanthus altissima, induces G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest by decreasing expression of cyclins and CDKs and increases expression of p21 and p27. Ailanthone triggers DNA damage characterized by activation of the ATM/ATR pathway. Ailanthone induces apoptosis which is mitochondrion-mediated and involves the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Huh7 cells. Ailanthone is also a potent inhibitor of both full-length Androgen Receptor (AR-FL) and constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR-Vs, AR1-651) with IC50 of 69 nM and 309 nM, respectively. |
||
S9668New |
PKR-IN-C16PKR-IN-C16 (imoxin, C16, Imidazolo-oxindole PKR inhibitor C16) is a specific inhibitor of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR, Protein Kinase R, EIF2AK2). PKR-IN-C16 prevents apoptosis and IL-1β production in an acute excitotoxic rat model with a neuroinflammatory component. |
||
S6877New |
EOAI3402143EOAI3402143 is a dose-dependent inhibitor of Usp9x, Usp24 and Usp5 that increases tumor cell apoptosis, and fully blocks or regresses myeloma tumors in mice. |
||
S6882New |
HI-TOPK-032HI-TOPK-032 is a potent and specific inhibitor of TOPK. HI-TOPK-032 also reduces ERK-RSK phosphorylation, regulates of the abundance of p53, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved PARP, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S6871New |
Sodium oxamateSodium oxamate (SO, Aminooxoacetic acid, Oxamic acid) is an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that specificly inhibits LDH‑A. Sodium oxamate (SO) induces G2/M cell cycle arrest via downregulation of the CDK1/cyclin B1 pathway and promotes apoptosis through enhancement of mitochondrial ROS generation. |
||
S8543New |
ARN-3236ARN-3236 is a potent, orally available and selective inhibitor of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) with IC50 of <1 nM, 21.63 nM and 6.63 nM for SIK2, SIK1 and SIK3, respectively. ARN-3236 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
||
S0918New |
Ginkgolic acid C17:1Ginkgolic acid C17:1 (GAC 17:1) inhibits constitutive activation of STAT3 through the abrogation of upstream JAK2 and Src. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 can induce the substantial expression of PTEN and SHP-1. Ginkgolic acid C17:1 induces apoptosis of tumor cells. |
||
S0949New |
Cucurbitacin IIbCucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb, Dihydrocucurbitacin F, 25-deacetyl hemslecin A) inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB, blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α. Cucurbitacin IIb exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and induces apoptosis. Cucurbitacin IIb is isolated from Hemsleya amabilis. |
||
S0884New |
RA-9RA-9 is a cell-permeable, potent and selective inhibitor of proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with favorable toxicity profile and anticancer activity. RA-9 selectively induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. |
||
S8965New |
BO-264BO-264 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) with IC50 of 188 nM and Kd of 1.5 nM. BO-264 specifically blocks the function of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein. BO-264 induces SAC-dependent mitotic arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage with antitumor activities. |
||
S8974New |
GSK2795039GSK2795039 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) with pIC50 of 6.57 for NOX2-mediated activation of HRP/Amplex Red. GSK2795039 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NADPH consumption and reduces apoptosis. |
||
S8981New |
NVP-2NVP-2, a potent, selective, non-neurotoxic and ATP-competitive cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.514 nM for CDK9/CycT activity and induces cell apoptosis. |
||
S9602New |
9-ing-419-ING-41 is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with antitumor activity. 9-ING-41 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at prophase by targeting centrosomes and microtubule-bound GSK3β. |
||
S7895New |
ThapsigarginThapsigargin is a potent, non-competitive inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) with IC50 of 0.353 nM or 0.448 nM for the carbachol-evoked [Ca2+]i-transients with or without a KCl-prestimulation. Thapsigargin induces cell apoptosis. Thapsigargin is extracted from a plant, Thapsia garganica. |
||
S8961New |
Alobresib (GS-5829)Alobresib (GS-5829) is a novel BET inhibitor that represents a highly effective therapeutics agent against recurrent/chemotherapy-resistant USC-overexpressing c-Myc. Alobresib (GS-5829) inhibits CLL cell proliferation and induces leukemia cell apoptosis through deregulation of key signaling pathways, such as BLK, AKT, ERK1/2, and MYC. Alobresib (GS-5829) also inhibits NF-κB signaling. |
||
S0709New |
Tubastatin A TFATubastatin A TFA (Tubastatin A trifluoroacetate salt) is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold). Tubastatin A promotes autophagy and increases apoptosis. |
||
S0765New |
MAZ51MAZ51 is a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 (Flt-4) tyrosine kinase. MAZ51 induces cell rounding and G2/M cell cycle arrest in glioma cells through phosphorylation of Akt/GSK3β and activation of RhoA. MAZ51 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of a variety of non-VEGFR-3-expressing tumor cell lines. |
||
S6615New |
ATB 346ATB 346, a novel hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of naproxen with remarkably reduced toxicity, inhibits COX activity. ATB 346 is an anti-inflammatory agent that induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells. |
||
S0444New |
IndibulinIndibulin (ZIO 301, D 24851, Zybulin) is an orally applied inhibitor of tubulin assembly with potent anticancer activity. Indibulin induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S0354New |
AlsterpaulloneAlsterpaullone (Alp, 9-Nitropaullone, NSC 705701) is a potent inhibitor of CDK with IC50 of 35 nM, 15 nM, 200 nM and 40 nM for CDK1/cyclin B, CDK2/cyclin A, CDK2/cyclin E and CDK5/p35, respectively. Alsterpaullone also acts as a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with IC50 of both 4 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β. Alsterpaullone induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-9. Alsterpaullone has antitumor activity and possesses potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative and proliferative disorders. |
||
S0278New |
SU5614SU5614 (Chloro-SU5416, Chloro-Semaxanib) is a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) inhibitor of VEGFR-2, c-kit, and both wild-type and mutant FLT3. SU5614 reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. |
||
S0231New |
NSC15364NSC 15364 (compound 59) is an inhibitor that directly interacts with VDAC1 and prevents VDAC1 oligomerization, concomitant with an inhibition of apoptosis. |
||
S0103New |
ML327ML327 is an isoxazole compound that blocks MYC expression and tumor formation in neuroblastoma. ML327 also restores E-cadherin expression with In-Cell Western EC50 of 1.0 μM. ML327 induces apoptosis. |
||
S0056New |
(E/Z)-BCI(E/Z)-BCI (BCI, NSC 150117) is an inhibitor of dual specific phosphatase 1/6 (DUSP1/DUSP6) and mitogen-activated protein kinase with EC50 of 13.3 μM and 8.0 μM for DUSP6 and DUSP1 in cells, respectively. (E)-BCI induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in H1299 lung cancer cells. |
||
S1077 |
SB202190 (FHPI)SB202190 (FHPI) is a potent p38 MAPK inhibitor targeting p38α/β with IC50 of 50 nM/100 nM in cell-free assays, sometimes used instead of SB 203580 to investigate potential roles for SAPK2a/p38 in vivo. SB202190 inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis via induction of autophagy and heme oxygenase-1. SB202190 significantly suppresses Erastin‐dependent ferroptosis. |
![]() ![]() C, Jurkat cells with SB202190 at 1, 5, and 10 μM were tested, and a decreased SRP72 expression was found when using at 10 μM (lanes 8 and 9). D, results were analyzed and RUA illustrated, finding significant results at 10 μM at 240 versus 0 and 120 versus 0 min (p<0.05).
|
|
S1132 |
3-Aminobenzamide3-Aminobenzamide (3-ABA , 3-Amino Benzamide, 3-AB) is a potent inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) and inhibits cell apoptosis after SCI (Spinal Cord Injury) in caspase-independent way. |
![]() ![]() Effect of DPQ and INO-1001 on ADP-, collagen- or PAR1ap-induced platelet aggregation. Human PRP samples were preincubated with PARP inhibitor (50 μM) or its vehicle and then stimulated with ADP (1.5 to 5 μM; to produce a biphasic aggregation curve), collagen (1 to 2 μg/ml) or PAR1ap (1 to 2 μM). Results are expressed relatively to platelet agonist alone (=vehicle group; normalized to 100%) and presented as the mean±SD (n=5-6). |
|
S8037 |
Necrostatin-1Necrostatin-1 is a specific RIP1 (RIPK1) inhibitor and inhibits TNF-α-induced necroptosis with EC50 of 490 nM in 293T cells. Necrostatin-1 also blocks IDO and suppresses autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Cytosolic extracts or nuclear extracts were examined by Western blot analysis using Abs against p105/p50, p100/p52 and phospho-p65. Solid arrowhead indicates a non-specific band. A nuclear marker, PARP, and cytosolic marker, b-tubulin, were used to assess the purity of each fraction.
|
|
S2872 |
GW5074GW5074 is a potent and selective c-Raf inhibitor with IC50 of 9 nM, no effect on the activities of JNK1/2/3, MEK1, MKK6/7, CDK1/2, c-Src, p38 MAP, VEGFR2 or c-Fms is noted. GW5074 inhibits LK-induced apoptosis. |
![]() ![]()
Effect of select kinase inhibitors on DF508-CFTR maturation analyzed by immunoblotting. 293MSR-GT cells stably expressing DF508-CFTR were treated with 15 uM kinase inhibitors or 0.3% DMSO (vehicle control), as indicated, grown at 37 °C for 48 h, and the appearance of the mature protein, band C, monitored by immunoblotting with anti-CFTR antibodies. Band B represents the immature protein. DMSO represents vehicle-alone control, 27 °C represents temperature rescue of F508-CFTR at 27 °C, 37 °C represents untreated DF508-CFTR control, and WT represents WT-CFTR. Top panels depict the anti-CFTR immunoblot and bottom panels depict actin (loading) control. ** represents cellular toxicity.
|
|
S1386 |
Nafamostat MesylateNafamostat mesilate (FUT-175) is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, used as an anticoagulant during hemodialysis. Nafamostat mesylate blocks activation of SARS-CoV-2 and is investigated as a new treatment option for COVID-19. Nafamostat Mesilate attenuates inflammation and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunofluorescence of NF-κB/p65 in HCT 116 and SW 1116 cells exposed to TNFα (25 ng/ml) with or without nafamostat mesilate(FLU) (100 μM). Scale bars: 20 μm. |
|
S7033 |
GSK2656157GSK2656157 is an ATP-competitive and highly selective inhibitor of PERK with IC50 of 0.9 nM in a cell-free assay, 500-fold greater against a panel of 300 kinases. GSK2656157 decreases apoptosis and inhibits excessive autophagy. |
![]() ![]() GSK2656157 inhibits excessive autophagy in kri1lcas002 HSPCs. Representative confocal images of mCherry-Lc3 puncta (autophagosomes) in kri1lcas002 mutant embryos in Tg (cmyb: egfp) transgenic background are shown. Scale bars, 5 μm.
|
|
S1733 |
MethylprednisoloneMethylprednisolone (NSC-19987) is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, used to achieve prompt suppression of inflammation. Methylprednisolone activates ACE2 and reduces IL-6 levels, thus improves severe or critical COVID-19. Methylprednisolone markedly reduces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Motor disturbances of the rat hindlimbs after SCI, using an inclined plane test. Key: ◇ = PBS group; ■ = Sal B group; ▲ = methylprednisolone group.
|
|
S8632 |
Chk2 Inhibitor II (BML-277)Chk2 Inhibitor II (BML-277) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Chk2 with IC50 of 15 nM. It is 1000-fold more selective toward Chk2 serine/threonine kinase than for Chk1 and Cdk1/B kinases. Chk2 Inhibitor II (BML-277) dose dependently protects human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells from apoptosis due to ionizing radiation. |
Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
---|---|---|---|
S1078 |
MK-2206 2HClMK-2206 2HCl is a highly selective inhibitor of Akt1/2/3 with IC50 of 8 nM/12 nM/65 nM in cell-free assays, respectively; no inhibitory activities against 250 other protein kinases observed. MK-2206 2HCl induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() VE-cadherin-induced Akt activation mediates YAP phosphorylation and translocation in ECs. HUVECs were starved for 1h and treated with thrombin (1U) for 1h. Total cell lysates were probed with anti-pAkt, Akt or b-actin antibody. The representative blots of three independent experiments are depicted, and the normalized values for p-Akt are shown. HUVECs were cultured and starved as described as in d and incubated for 8h in complete medium with the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206 (1 uM). pAkt, Akt, pYAP and YAP were detected by western blotting using specific antibodies.
|
|
S1008 |
Selumetinib (AZD6244)Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is a potent, highly selective MEK inhibitor with IC50 of 14 nM for MEK1 and Kd value of 530 nM for MEK2. It also inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation with IC50 of 10 nM, no inhibition to p38α, MKK6, EGFR, ErbB2, ERK2, B-Raf, etc. Selumetinib suppresses cell proliferation, migration and trigger apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Stimulation response of p37d-expressing cells. (c) Western blot of 5 min serum stimulated HEK-293 cells stably expressing p37d, p110d or control, with the presence of inhibitors as indicated at the top. |
|
S1002 |
ABT-737ABT-737 is a BH3 mimetic inhibitor of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and Bcl-w with EC50 of 78.7 nM, 30.3 nM and 197.8 nM in cell-free assays, respectively; no inhibition observed against Mcl-1, Bcl-B or Bfl-1. ABT-737 induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and mitophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Cardiomyocytes transduced with or without Ad-Mst1 were treated with ABT-737 (0, 0.1, 1, 10 uM) for 12 hours. Representative immunoblots with antibodies to p62/SQSTM1, LC3 and GAPDH are shown. |
|
S2619 |
MG-132MG132 is a potent cell-permeable proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC50s of 0.1 μM and 1.2 μM for the inhibition of proteasome and calpain, respectively. MG132 activates autophagy and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. |
![]() ![]() MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 10 uM MG132 and incubated under normoxia or hypoxia for 4 h. Endogenous interaction between LATS2 and SIAH2 was analysed by immunoprecipitation.
|
|
S1040 |
Sorafenib TosylateSorafenib Tosylate (Bay 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor of Raf-1 and B-Raf with IC50 of 6 nM and 22 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Sorafenib Tosylate inhibits VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3 and c-KIT with IC50 of 90 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM, 59 nM and 68 nM, respectively. Sorafenib Tosylate induces autophagy and apoptosis and activates ferroptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
![]() ![]()
Inhibition of breast cancer cell growth using sorafenib. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with increasing concentrations of sorafenib for 5 days. Cell number was measured using a colorimetric growth assay (crystal violet stain) and expressed relative to DMSO treated control cells. |
|
S3168New |
cis-Resveratrolcis-Resveratrol (cis-RESV, cRes, (Z)-Resveratrol) is the Cis isomer of Resveratrol. Resveratrol is a natural phenolic compound with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol is an inhibitor of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and an activator of Nrf2 and SIRT1 and may induce apoptosis. Resveratrol also inhibits a wide spectrum of targets including 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), IKKβ, DNA polymerases α and δ with IC50 of 2.7 μM, <1 μM, 1 μM, 3.3 μM and 5 μM, respectively. |
||
S6990New |
PhytohemagglutininPhytohemagglutinin (PHA, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin) is expressed in Pichia pastoris using native signal peptides, or the Saccharomyces alpha-factor preprosequence, to direct proteins into the secretory pathway. Phytohemagglutinin induces apoptosis in human HEp-2 carcinoma cells via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3. |
||
S3336New |
Heptadecanoic acidHeptadecanoic acid (C17:0), an odd chain saturated fatty acid, significantly inhibits cell proliferation, and migration, while promoting apoptosis in PC‑9 and PC‑9/GR cells. Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis. |
||
S6957New |
β-Elemeneβ-Elemene ((-)-β-Elemene, Levo-β-elemene) is a sesquiterpene compound extracted from the herb Curcuma Rhizoma with antitumor activities. β-elemene can inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle, and induce cell apoptosis or autophagy. |
||
S3357New |
Elaidic acidElaidic acid is a major trans fatty acid that inhibits cell viability, elevates cell apoptosis by enhancing oxidative stress. Elaidic acid can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent. |
||
S3289New |
DaphnoretinDaphnoretin (Dephnoretin, Thymelol), a biologically active compound isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey., is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Daphnoretin inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells and promote its apoptosis by regulating the activity of Akt signal pathway. |
||
S3224New |
CinobufaginCinobufagin (Cinobufagine), an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. Cinobufagin increases ATM and Chk2 and decreases CDC25C, CDK1, and cyclin B. Cinobufagin inhibits PI3K, AKT and Bcl-2 while increases levels of cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, Cinobufagin induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis. |
||
S3238New |
ResibufogeninResibufogenin (Bufogenin, Recibufogenin), a component of huachansu with anticancer effect, triggers necroptosis through upregulating receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylating mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein at Ser358. Resibufogenin exerts cytotoxic effect by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Resibufogenin induces apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity. Resibufogenin increases Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and suppresses cyclin D1, cyclin E, PI3K, p-AKT, p-GSK3β and β-catenin protein expression. |
||
S3271New |
CaudatinCaudatin (Cauldatin), one species of C‑21 steroidal from Cynanchum auriculatum (C. auriculatum), effectively inhibits human glioma growth in vitro and in vivo through triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S3275New |
Senkyunolide ISenkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) is an orally active compound isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong with analgesic, anti-migraine, neuroprotective, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis activities. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) up-regulates the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation with enhanced HO-1 and NQO1 expressions. Senkyunolide I (SEI, SENI) promotes the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibits the expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9. |
||
S0913New |
4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone (5,7,4'-Trimethoxyflavone, TMF) is a flavonoid isolated from Kaempferia parviflora (KP) that induces apoptosis. 4',5,7-Trimethoxyflavone increases sub-G1 phase, DNA fragmentation, annexin-V/PI staining and Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, activates caspase-3 and degrades poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. |
||
S9604New |
IM156IM156 (HL156A), a metformin derivative, is a potent activator of AMPK that increases AMPK phosphorylation. IM156 blocks oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through the inhibition of complex I and increases apoptosis. IM156 ameliorates various types of fibrosis and inhibits tumors. |
||
S9634New |
Phenoxodiol (Haginin E)Phenoxodiol (Haginin E, Idronoxil, Dehydroequol, NV 06, PXD) is an isoflavone analog with antineoplastic activity that activates the caspase system, inhibits XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis), and disrupts FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP) expression, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II. |
||
S0411New |
BAM 15BAM 15 is a novel mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler capable of protecting mammals from acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury and cold-induced microtubule damage. BAM 15 is also a potent AMPK activator. BAM 15 attenuates transportation-induced apoptosis in iPS-differentiated retinal tissue. |
||
S1021 |
DasatinibDasatinib (BMS-354825) is a novel, potent and multi-targeted inhibitor that targets Abl, Src and c-Kit, with IC50 of <1 nM, 0.8 nM and 79 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Dasatinib induces autophagy and apoptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
![]() ![]() Combinational treatment of kinase inhibitors induces the similar phenotype produced by PP1. All images are lateral view with dorsal to the top and anterior to the left. The combinational treatment of Dasatinib (D) or U0126 (U) with Sunitinib (SU),PTK787 (PTK), or ZM323881 (Z) resulted in the shrinkage of dorsal aorta. |
|
S1120 |
Everolimus (RAD001)Everolimus (RAD001) is an mTOR inhibitor of FKBP12 with IC50 of 1.6-2.4 nM in a cell-free assay. Everolimus induces cell apoptosis and autophagy and inhibits tumor cells proliferation. |
![]() ![]() Cytoskeleton organisation of 786-O SuR treated with NVP-LDE225 (2.5 uM), everolimus (1 uM), and their combination for 24 h was analysed by confocal microscopy. Actin-based structures were revealed by rhodaminated phalloidin staining (red fluorescence). Localisation of focal adhesion points was obtained by immunofluorescent staining of p-paxillin (green fluorescence). Merged row images show overlapping of p-paxillin and actin signals. Moreover, all captures were shown in transmitted light. Scale bars, 10 um.
|
|
S1025 |
Gefitinib (ZD1839)Gefitinib (ZD-1839, Iressa) is an EGFR inhibitor for Tyr1173, Tyr992, Tyr1173 and Tyr992 in the NR6wtEGFR and NR6W cells with IC50 of 37 nM, 37nM, 26 nM and 57 nM, respectively. Gefitinib promotes autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells via blockade of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. |
![]() ![]() Perturbation of EGFR by its ligand EGF and gefitinib (ZD-1839 Iressat; inhibits EGFR) produces opposite responses in the predicted EGFR target genes SOCS2 and NR2E1. |
|
S1004 |
Veliparib (ABT-888)Veliparib (ABT-888, NSC 737664) is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 with Ki of 5.2 nM and 2.9 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. It is inactive to SIRT2. Veliparib increases autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]()
Number of foci detected using laser confocal microscopy and fluorescent Fluor 647 anti-H2A.X-phosphorylated (Ser139) antibody. Double-stranded breaks (red) are clearly augmented in cells incubated with 500 nmol/l of ABT-888 and 500 nmol/l of AZD-2281 compared with PBS and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide controls. Image analysis was performed using ImageJ and the ‘analyze particle’ function. |
|
S1053 |
Entinostat (MS-275)Entinostat (MS-275, SNDX-275) strongly inhibits HDAC1 and HDAC3 with IC50 of 0.51 μM and 1.7 μM in cell-free assays, compared with HDACs 4, 6, 8, and 10. Entinostat induces autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() (A) U87 cells were cultured in the presence of DMSO, 1 uM MS-275 alone, 100 ng/ml IFN-λ1 alone, or both for the course of 4 d. Cell numbers were manually determined by hemacytometer counting at the indicated time points. (B, F) Cell proliferation of U87 cells or U87 spheroids in 3D culture with indicated treatment were performed using the WST-1 assay, which measures active cellular metabolism. (C) U87 spheroid formation in 3D culture was photographed at day 14 in culture (representative images are shown; 200x magnification). (D-E) Quantification of the relative sizes and numbers of U87 spheroids in (C). (G) Cell cycle analysis was performed in U87 cells with indicated treatment using propidium iodide staining. Numbers in the histogram show fractions (percent) of sub-G1, N, 2N, and polyploidy from left to right. (H) U87 cells with indicated treatment were stained with Annexin V-FITC and 7-AAD. Numbers indicate the percentage of FITC-positive cells (upper left quadrant). FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; 7-AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin. In all panels, data represent the mean and SEM of at least three experiments.
|
|
S1109 |
BI 2536BI-2536 is a potent Plk1 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.83 nM in a cell-free assay. BI-2536 inhibits Bromodomain 4 (BRD4) with Kd of 37 nM and potently suppresses c-Myc expression. BI-2536 induces apoptosis and attenuates autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1065 |
Pictilisib (GDC-0941)Pictilisib (GDC-0941, RG7321) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ with IC50 of 3 nM in cell-free assays, with modest selectivity against p110β (11-fold) and p110γ (25-fold). Pictilisib (GDC-0941) induces autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() TGF-β induces mTORC2 activation. ( A ) NMuMG cells were treated with TGF-β for the indicated times before lysis and immunoblotting. (B ) NMuMG cells were treated or not with TGF-β for the indicated times, in the presence or absence of SB431542 or LY294002. Cell lysates were subjected to anti-Rictor immunoprecipitation, and the immunoprecipitates were subjected to in vitro kinase assays using kinase-inactive Akt1 as a substrate, before immunoblotting of the kinase reactions, immunoprecipitates and cell lysates. The left panels are from the same gel, without differential exposure. ( C ) NMuMG cells were treated or not with TGF-β or insulin for the indicated times, in the presence or absence of SB431542 or GDC-0941. The kinase activity of mTORC2 was then assessed as in B. The top panels are from the same gel, without differential exposure. (D) NMuMG cells were treated or not with TGF-β for the indicated times, in the presence or absence of SB431542 or LY294002. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation using Rictor antibody, and/or immunoblotted. |
|
S1105 |
LY294002LY294002 (SF 1101, NSC 697286) is the first synthetic molecule known to inhibit PI3Kα/δ/β with IC50 of 0.5 μM/0.57 μM/0.97 μM, respectively; more stable in solution than Wortmannin, and also blocks autophagosome formation. It not only binds to class I PI3Ks and other PI3K-related kinases, but also to novel targets seemingly unrelated to the PI3K family. LY294002 also inhibits CK2 with IC50 of 98 nM. LY294002 is a non-specific DNA-PKcs inhibitor and activates autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Inhibition of PI3K, ERK and mTOR prevents the activation of S6K1 and S6 induced by suppression of PKD1 activity. A549 cells were incubated in the absence (-) or presence of either 5 uM Kb or 5 uM Kb and 20 uM LY294002 or 5 uM Kb and 10 uM BKM120 (as indicated) for 1 h prior to stimulation of cells with 50 nM PMA for 30 min and 1 h.
|
|
S2673 |
Trametinib (GSK1120212)Trametinib (GSK1120212, JTP-74057, Mekinist) is a highly specific and potent MEK1/2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.92 nM/1.8 nM in cell-free assays, no inhibition of the kinase activities of c-Raf, B-Raf, ERK1/2. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() ERK phosphorylates FBW7 at T205. PANC-1 cells were pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and trametinib, as indicated, overnight before harvest. Endogenous FBW7 phosphorylation status was examined by immunoblot analysis after immunoprecipitates (IP).
|
|
S1378 |
Ruxolitinib (INCB018424)Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is the first potent, selective, JAK1/2 inhibitor to enter the clinic with IC50 of 3.3 nM/2.8 nM in cell-free assays, >130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 versus JAK3. Ruxolitinib kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy. Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() STAT3 phosphorylation as determined by phospho flow, mixed lymphocyte reactions containing BALB/c spleen-derived CD4+ T cells co-cultured with or without C57BL/6 BM-derived DC preactivated with 20 ng/mL LPS.
|
|
S1030 |
Panobinostat (LBH589)Panobinostat (LBH589, NVP-LBH589) is a novel broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay. Panobinostat (LBH589) induces autophagy and apoptosis. Panobinostat effectively disrupts HIV latency in vivo. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() LSD1 and HDAC inhibitors exhibit synergistic growth inhibition. Cells were simultaneously treated with pargyline or HDAC inhibitors for 48 h.
|
|
S1042 |
Sunitinib MalateSunitinib Malate is a multi-targeted RTK inhibitor targeting VEGFR2 (Flk-1) and PDGFRβ with IC50 of 80 nM and 2 nM in cell-free assays, and also inhibits c-Kit. Sunitinib Malate effectively inhibits autophosphorylation of Ire1α. Sunitinib Malate increases both death receptor and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Sunitinib decreases FLT-3 and RET phosphor ylation but increases ERK phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. H295R and SW13 cells were treated with sunitinib (10 nM) for various time points as indi-cated. Cell lysates were prepared and phospho-FLT-3, RET, and ERK levels were monitored by Western Blot-ting. Re-probing against FLT-3, RET, and ERK was done to ensure equal protein loading. |
|
S1133 |
Alisertib (MLN8237)Alisertib (MLN8237) is a selective Aurora A inhibitor with IC50 of 1.2 nM in a cell-free assay. It has >200-fold higher selectivity for Aurora A than Aurora B. Alisertib induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Alisertib inhibits AURKA and AURKB in a concentration-dependent manner. (a) Alisertib induces G 2 /M delay or genome reduplication. HeLa cells were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. The positions of 2N, 4N and 8N DNA contents are indicated. (b) Alisertib delays mitotic exit or induces slippage. HeLa cells stably expressing histone H2B-GFP were exposed to buffer or the indicated concentrations of Alisertib. Individual cells were then tracked for 24 h with time-lapse microscopy. Each horizontal bar represents one cell (n ¼ 50). Key: light gray ¼ interphase; black ¼ mitosis (from DNA condensation to anaphase or mitotic slippage); dark gray ¼ interphase after mitotic slippage; truncated bars ¼ cell death. (c) Different concentrations of Alisertib are involved in delaying mitotic exit and inducing slippage. Live-cell imaging of cells treated with Alisertib was described in panel (b). The duration of mitosis (mean±90% confidence interval) and the percentage of cells that underwent mitotic slippage during the imaging period was quantified. (d) Alisertib promotes apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The cells were then harvested and analyzed with flow cytometry. (e) Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of Alisertib. HeLa cells were cultured in the presence of the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 48 h. The number of live and dead cells was analyzed with trypan blue exclusion assay. (f) Concentration-dependent suppression of long-term survival by Alisertib. HeLa cells were seeded on 60-mm culture plates and grown in the presence of 250 n M or 1 m M of Alisertib. After 24 h, the cells were washed gently and propagated in normal medium for another 10–12 days. Colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet solution (examples of the plates are shown). Average±s.d. from three independent experiments. (g) Both AURKA and AURKB are inhibited by Alisertib.Mitotic HeLa cells were obtained by exposure to nocodazole for 16 h followed by mechanical shake off. The cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 2 h. Lysates were then prepared and activated phospho-AURKAThr288 and AURKBThr232were detected with immunoblotting. The asterisk indicates the position of an AURKB-like protein (the same throughout this study). Uniform loading was confirmed by immunoblotting for actin. In this assay, nocodazole and MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) were added to prevent the cells from exiting mitosis. Accordingly, the total AURKA and AURKB levels remained constant throughout the experiment. (h) Alisertib prevents activation of AURKA and AURKB. HeLa cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of Alisertib for 8 h. Nocodazole was then added for another 6 h to trap cells that entered mitosis. Lysates were prepared and analyzed with immunoblotting. Actin analysis was included to assess loading and transfer. |
|
S1029 |
Lenalidomide (CC-5013)Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is a TNF-α secretion inhibitor with IC50 of 13 nM in PBMCs. Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is a ligand of ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), and it causes selective ubiquitination and degradation of two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, by the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase. Lenalidomide promotes cleaved caspase-3 expression and inhibit VEGF expression and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]()
Effect of lenalidomide treatment (50 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 3 days) on expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), and cleaved caspase-3 in myocardium from lean and ob/ob mice. (a) Representative gel blots of TNF-α, IL-6, Fas, FasL, cleaved caspase-3 and α-Tubulin (as loading control) using specific antibodies. (b) TNF-α. |
|
S1208 |
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HClDoxorubicin (Adriamycin, NSC 123127, DOX) HCl (hydrochloride) is an antibiotic agent that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II and induces DNA damage, mitophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells. Doxorubicin reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK. Doxorubicin is used in the concomitant treatment of HIV-infected patients but is found to be at high risk of HBV reactivation. |
![]() ![]() Cell viabilities with increasing concentrations of cisplatin (CP) and doxorubicin (DOXO) under normoxic and hypoxic condition for 48 hours were determined by MTT assay. IC50 values are presented as the means ?SDs (n=4) and * denotes p<0.05. |
|
S1555 |
AZD8055AZD8055 is a novel ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 nM in MDA-MB-468 cells with excellent selectivity (∼1,000-fold) against PI3K isoforms and ATM/DNA-PK. AZD8055 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and also induces autophagy. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 activates PI3K accompanied with induction of expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and IRS1. Serum-deprived CHO-EGFP-AKT cells were incubated with 50 nM AZD8055 for 24 hr. The EGFP signal was detected using confocal microscopy. The white arrows indicate EGFP-AKT located on cellular membrane.
|
|
S1119 |
Cabozantinib (BMS-907351)Cabozantinib (XL184, BMS-907351) is a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.035 nM and also inhibits c-Met, Ret, Kit, Flt-1/3/4, Tie2, and AXL with IC50 of 1.3 nM, 4 nM, 4.6 nM, 12 nM/11.3 nM/6 nM, 14.3 nM and 7 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Cabozantinib induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells via AKT/GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. |
![]() ![]() Effects of AXL inhibitors on induction of pAKT and rescue of pERK following AXL overexpression. R428, 500 nmol/L; XL184, 3 umol/L; XL880, 100 nmol/L; in the presence or absence of 2 umol/L PLX4720. shAXL is a positive control.
|
|
S1460 |
SP600125SP600125 (Nsc75890) is a broad-spectrum JNK inhibitor for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 with IC50 of 40 nM, 40 nM and 90 nM in cell-free assays, respectively; 10-fold greater selectivity against MKK4, 25-fold greater selectivity against MKK3, MKK6, PKB, and PKCα, and 100-fold selectivity against ERK2, p38, Chk1, EGFR etc. SP600125 is also a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of serine/threonine kinases including Aurora kinase A,FLT3 and TRKA with of IC50 of 60 nM, 90 nM and 70 nM. SP600125 inhibits autophagy and activates apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Loss of DUSP4 function upregulates IL-6 and IL-8 and enhances mammosphere growth. Immunoblot analysis of MDA-231 cells after treatment of 24 hours with 1 umol/L selumetinib (MEKi) or 10 umol/L SP600125 (JNKi). I, MDA-231 mammosphere formation quantitated by GelCount software 7 days after siRNA transfection. Where indicated, selumetinib (MEKi) or SP600125 (JNK1) or the combination was added to the mammosphere cultures.
|
|
S1020 |
PD184352 (CI-1040)PD184352 (CI-1040) is an ATP non-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor with IC50 of 17 nM in cell-based assays, 100-fold more selective for MEK1/2 than MEK5. PD184352 (CI-1040) selectively induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]()
Melanoma cell viability and in vivo growth by cyclindependent kinase 2/4 inhibition. Western blot analysis for c-Jun, phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) (p-ERK1/2), and total ERK1/2 protein levels was done for human melanoma cell lines treated with the BRAFV600E inhibitor GDC-0879 (1 μM), or MEK inhibitors CI-1040 (1 μM), U0126 (1 μM), and PD98059 (10 μM) for 18 hours. |
|
S2247 |
Buparlisib (BKM120)Buparlisib (BKM120, NVP-BKM120) is a selective PI3K inhibitor of p110α/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 52 nM/166 nM/116 nM/262 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Reduced potency against VPS34, mTOR, DNAPK, with little activity to PI4Kβ. Buparlisib induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() AN3CA (A) and JHUEM2 (B) cells were treated for the indicated times with DMSO, 0.3 μM BGJ398 (BGJ), 0.3 μM GDC-0941 (GDC), 0.6 μM BYL719 (BYL) and 0.6 μM BKM120 (BKM) alone or in combination. Cell lysates were immunoblotted with antibodies for phospho-AKT (Ser473), total AKT, phospho-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204), ERK2, phospho-S6 (Ser240/244), total S6, phospho-4EBP1 (Thr37/46), total 4EBP1, total PARP and cleaved PARP. Tubulin was detected as the loading control. Western blot analysis of AN3CA and JHUEM2. |
|
S1141 |
Tanespimycin (17-AAG)Tanespimycin (17-AAG, CP127374, NSC-330507, KOS 953) is a potent HSP90 inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay, having a 100-fold higher binding affinity for HSP90 derived from tumour cells than HSP90 from normal cells. Tanespimycin (17-AAG) induces apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and mitophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() SKBR3 cells were treated with FW-04-806 at 10, 20, 40 uM for 24 h; 17AAG was used as a positive control at 1 and 2 uM. Hsp70, Hsp90, and Cdc37 protein level were analyzed with western blotting using relevant antibodies.
|
|
S2215 |
DAPT (GSI-IX)DAPT (GSI-IX, LY-374973) is a novel γ-secretase inhibitor, which inhibits Aβ production with IC50 of 20 nM in HEK 293 cells. DAPT enhances the apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma cells and regulates autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Western blotting showing increased unconjugated SUMO1 levels in Notch1 ΔE cells treated with 10 uM DAPT for 3 days. Tubulin was used as a loading control.
|
|
S1044 |
Temsirolimus (CCI-779)Temsirolimus (CCI-779, NSC 683864) is a specific mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 1.76 μM in a cell-free assay. Temsirolimus induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() mTOR inhibitors attenuate ganetespib-driven elevation of HSPs in multiple tumor cell types. A375 melanoma cells were treated with vehicle, ganetespib (25 nmol/L), BEZ235 (500 nmol/L), or temsirolimus (500 nmol/L), either alone or in combination, for 24 hours. The levels of HSP90α, HSP70, HSP27, and GAPDH were determined by immunoblotting.
|
|
S1038 |
PI-103PI-103 is a multi-targeted PI3K inhibitor for p110α/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 2 nM/3 nM/3 nM/15 nM in cell-free assays, less potent to mTOR/DNA-PK with IC50 of 30 nM/23 nM. PI-103 induces apoptosis in murine T-cell Lymphoma. |
![]() ![]() We treated all of drugs in T47D which has a PI3KCA H1044R mutation with the concentration shown below for 1 hour and performed western blot analysis using antibodies to phospho-AKT(SERINE 472), and total AKT.
|
|
S1069 |
Luminespib (NVP-AUY922)Luminespib (AUY-922, NVP-AUY922) is a highly potent HSP90 inhibitor for HSP90α/β with IC50 of 13 nM /21 nM in cell-free assays, weaker potency against the HSP90 family members GRP94 and TRAP-1, exhibits the tightest binding of any small-molecule HSP90 ligand. Luminespib (AUY-922, NVP-AUY922) effectively downregulates and destabilizes the IGF-1Rβ protein and results in growth inhibition, autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1046 |
Vandetanib (ZD6474)Vandetanib (ZD6474) is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2 with IC50 of 40 nM in a cell-free assay. It also inhibits VEGFR3 and EGFR with IC50 of 110 nM and 500 nM, respectively. Not sensitive to PDGFRβ, Flt1, Tie-2 and FGFR1 with IC50 of 1.1-3.6 μM. No activity against MEK, CDK2, c-Kit, erbB2, FAK, PDK1, Akt and IGF-1R with IC50 above 10 μM. Vandetanib (ZD6474) increases apoptosis and induces autophagy by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
![]() ![]() Vandetanib reduced extracellular nitrite levels in endothelial cells. MS1 endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with 1 mol/L of vandetanib or matched vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), 50 ng/mL of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or matched vehicle (PBS; 0.5 hours), and L-arginine and soluble N-ethylmaleamide sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) added (1.5 hours). Vandetanib lowered nitrite levels in MS1 Ecs (*P0.0003). VEGF was used a positive control and increased nitrite levels (**P0.02). These findings indicate that vandetanib lowered endothelial cell NO levels. |
|
S2194 |
R406R406 is a potent Syk inhibitor with IC50 of 41 nM in cell-free assays, strongly inhibits Syk but not Lyn, 5-fold less potent to Flt3. R406 induces apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Platelets (3 x 108/mL) were preincubated with Y27632 (10 uM), R406 (1 uM), or a combination of Y27632 and R406 for 20 minutes followed by stimulation with oxLDL (50 ug/mL) for 15 seconds and lysis. Samples were then separated by SDS-PAGE and were immunoblotted for phospho-MLCSer19, followed by reprobing for β-tubulin. (Fi) Representative blots. (Fii) Densitometric analysis of 3 independent experiments. *P < .05. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Experiments were carried out in the presence of apyrase (2 U/mL), indomethacin (10 uM), and EGTA (1 mM).
|
|
S1122 |
Mocetinostat (MGCD0103)Mocetinostat (MGCD0103, MG0103) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with most potency for HDAC1 with IC50 of 0.15 μM in a cell-free assay, 2- to 10- fold selectivity against HDAC2, 3, and 11, and no activity to HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) induces apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]()
Comparison of MCAS ovarian cancer cells harboring control and CtBP2 knockdown shRNAs for sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. For each cell line, the MTT reading of the untreated cells was assigned as 100%. HDAC inhibitors: (a) Trichostatin A; (b) Vorinostat; (c) Belinostat; (d) MGCD0103; (e) valproic acid; and (f ) carboplatin, a non-HDAC inhibitor. |
|
S2662 |
ICG-001ICG-001 antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcription and specifically binds to CREB-binding protein (CBP) with IC50 of 3 μM, but is not the related transcriptional coactivator p300. ICG-001 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() ICG-001 variably influences Wnt transcriptional activity across pancreatic cancer lines. Nuclear extracts from AsPC-1 cells treated with vehicle or 30 umol/L ICG-001 for 6 hours were immunoprecipitated with anti-CBP or control IgG antibodies followed by Western blot analyses for β-catenin and CBP.
|
|
S1108 |
TAE684 (NVP-TAE684)TAE684 (NVP-TAE684) is a potent and selective ALK inhibitor with IC50 of 3 nM in a cell-free assay, 100-fold more sensitive for ALK than InsR. TAE684 (NVP-TAE684) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (A) H3122 xenografts harboring the EML4-ALK translocation were treated with control vehicle or the ALK inhibitor, TAE-684, for 2 days; the tumors were excised and lysates were prepared. The TIMM results for the control and treated animals are shown. (B) H3122 cells were treated in the presence or absence of TAE-684 (100 nM) for 6 hours in the presence or absence of the indicated ligands [EGF (50 ng/mL), IGF1 (50 ng/mL), and HGF (50 ng/mL)]. Extracts were probed with the indicated antibodies. |
|
S1526 |
Quizartinib (AC220)Quizartinib (AC220) is a second-generation FLT3 inhibitor for Flt3(ITD/WT) with IC50 of 1.1 nM/4.2 nM in MV4-11 and RS4;11 cells, respectively, 10-fold more selective for Flt3 than KIT, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, RET, and CSF-1R. Quizartinib (AC220) induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Cotreatment with JQ1 and AC220 synergistically induces apoptosis of FLT3-ITD–expressing AML cells. MV4-11 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of AC220 and/or JQ1 for 24 hours. At the end of treatment, immunoblot analyses were conducted as indicated. The numbers beneath the blots represent densitometry analysis conducted on representative blots.
|
|
S1264 |
PD173074PD173074 is a potent FGFR1 inhibitor with IC50 of ~25 nM and also inhibits VEGFR2 with IC50 of 100-200 nM in cell-free assays, ~1000-fold selective for FGFR1 than PDGFR and c-Src. PD173074 reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() FGFR inhibitors block signaling in FGFR2-fusion-expressing cells. Activation of FGFR2 and MAPK by FGFR2-AHCYL1 and its suppression by FGFR inhibitors. Lysates from NIH3T3 cells expressing FGFR2-AHCYL1 or EZR-ROS1 (control) treated with vehicle (DMSO), 0.2 and 1 uM BGJ398, and 0.2 and 1 uM PD173074 were immunoblotted with the relevant antibodies. β-Actin was used as a loading control.
|
|
S3020 |
Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide)Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide, FR 901228, NSC 630176) is a potent HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor with IC50 of 36 nM and 47 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Romidepsin (FK228/depsipeptide) controls growth and induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma tumor cells. |
![]() ![]() Effects of combination of bort/romidepsin on HDAC6 inhibition and activation of ER stress signaling. HA cells were treated with combination of 15 nM bortezomib and 5 nM romidepsin or either drug alone for 24 hr. Expression of CHOP/GADD153 (green signals) and cleaved PARP (red signals) was detected by immunofluorescent staining. DAPI (blue signals) stained the cell nuclei. |
|
S2853 |
Carfilzomib (PR-171)Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with IC50 of <5 nM in ANBL-6 cells, displayed preferential in vitro inhibitory potency against the ChT-L activity in the β5 subunit, but little or no effect on the PGPH and T-L activities. Carfilzomib activates prosurvival autophagy and induces cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Validation of activity and specificity of chemical inhibitors of; ATM, ATR, and DNAPK. H460 cells were treated with 1 uM camptothecin (CPT) or 20 ug/ml bleomycin for 1 h in the presence of the indicated inhibitors: DNAPK-i1—NU7026, DNAPK-i2—NU7441. MSH6,
|
|
S1191 |
FulvestrantFulvestrant (ICI-182780, ZD 9238) is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with IC50 of 0.94 nM in a cell-free assay. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and apoptosis and has antitumor activity. |
![]() ![]() PTPH1 confers breast cancer cell sensitivity to fulvestrant. E and F, PTPH1 overexpression increases the growth inhibition by fulvestrant. PTPH1 was overexpressed by a Tet-on system or a stable transfection, and resultant cells were incubated with fulvestrant as indicated for about 2 weeks. Colony formed was stained and counted. Results shown are normalized to its own solvent control of Vector and PTPH1-overexpressed cells, respectively (means ± SD; n = 3–5) with insets showing PTPH1 overexpression. *, versus vector or no Tet cells for E and F.
|
|
S2736 |
Fedratinib (TG101348)Fedratinib (SAR302503, TG101348) is a selective inhibitor of JAK2 with IC50 of 3 nM in cell-free assays, 35- and 334-fold more selective for JAK2 versus JAK1 and JAK3. Fedratinib also inhibits FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and RET (c-RET) with IC50 of 15 nM and 48 nM, respectively. Fedratinib has potential antineoplastic activity. Fedratinib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Colony-forming assay results showing that the Jak2 inhibitor TG101348 reduces CFU-GM colonies generated from mutant fetal liver R2 cells. Results from 4 independent control or mutant fetal livers treated with TG101348 or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are shown (mean ?SD). ***P < .001.
|
|
S1080 |
SU11274SU11274 (PKI-SU11274) is a selective Met (c-Met) inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM in cell-free assays, no effects on PGDFRβ, EGFR or Tie2. SU11274 induces autophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. |
![]() ![]() Effect of crizotinib, tivantinib, and SU11274 on levels of c-MET phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathway in SW1736 and TL3 thyroid cancer cells. Cells were prestarved in culture medium containing 0.5% FBS (24 hour) ?either crizotinib or tivantinib (0.1, 1.0, and 10 umol/L) or SU11274 (10 umol/L), and stimulated with 20 ng/mL recombinant human HGF for 10 minutes before lysates were made for Western blotting. A series of c-MET downstream signaling pathway proteins and phosphor proteins were detected using Western blotting. β-Actin was used as a loading balance control.
|
|
S1003 |
Linifanib (ABT-869)Linifanib (ABT-869, AL39324, RG3635) is a novel, potent ATP-competitive VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor for KDR, CSF-1R, Flt-1/3 and PDGFRβ with IC50 of 4 nM, 3 nM, 3 nM/4 nM and 66 nM respectively, mostly effective in mutant kinase-dependent cancer cells (i.e. FLT3). Linifanib (ABT-869) induces autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() (B and C) KMCH-1 cells were plated alone (monoculture) or together with PDGF-BB-secreting LX-2 cells (co-culture) in a transwell insert co-culture system (KMCH-1 cells in the bottom wells and LX-2 cells in the inserts; 1:1 ratio) for 2 days. Cells were treated as indicated with vehicle, rhTRAIL (10 ng/ml for 6 h on day 2), rhTRAIL plus imatinib [rhTRAIL:10 ng/ml for 6 h on day 2; Imatinib: 5 μmol/L for 24 h (day2)], or rhTRAIL plus linifanib [rhTRAIL: 10 ng/ml for 6 h on day 2; Linifanib:0.5 μmol/L for 24 h (day2)]. After rhTRAIL treatment for 6 h,KMCH-1 cells were analysed for apoptotic nuclear morphology by DAPI-staining (B) and for DNA fragmentation by transferasemediated dUTP nick end labelling assay (C) with quantification of apoptotic nuclei by fluorescence microscopy. |
|
S2235 |
Volasertib (BI 6727)Volasertib (BI 6727) is a highly potent Plk1 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.87 nM in a cell-free assay. It shows 6- and 65-fold greater selectivity against Plk2 and Plk3. Volasertib induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analysis. HeLa or MCF7 cells were treated with nocodazole (noc, 50 ng/ml), paclitaxel (pacli, 50 nM), the Plk1 inhibitor BI 2536 (50 nM) or BI 6727 (50 nM) for 16 h and cellular extracts were prepared for western blot analysis with antibodies as indicated. con: cellular extracts from control cells without any treatment. β-actin served as loading control. |
|
S1135 |
PemetrexedPemetrexed (LY-231514) is a novel antifolate and antimetabolite for TS, DHFR and GARFT with Ki of 1.3 nM, 7.2 nM and 65 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Pemetrexed induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Role of PARP and BER in the synergy between PTX and GMX in A549 cells. Cells were pretreated ±1 umol/L olaparib (2 hours) then sequentially ±150 nmol/L PTX (24 hours), then ± GMX 12 nmol/L (48 hours). PAR modification of proteins and γ-H2AX levels were measured in extracts treated as in A by Western blotting.
|
|
S1567 |
PomalidomidePomalidomide (CC-4047) inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α release with IC50 of 13 nM in PBMCs. Pomalidomide can be utilized in PROTAC as a ligand for targeting E3 ligase and inhibiting the E3 ligase protein cereblon (CRBN). Pomalidomide promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. |
![]() ![]() OPM2 cells stably expressing either NT or CRBN shRNA were seeded and incubated with pomalidomide at the indicated concentration, followed by MTT assay at day 3 after adding drugs. Each experimental condition was performed in triplicate and repeated at least once.
|
|
S2218 |
Torkinib (PP242)Torkinib (PP242) is a selective mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 8 nM in cell-free assays; targets both mTOR complexes with >10- and 100-fold selectivity for mTOR than PI3Kδ or PI3Kα/β/γ, respectively. Torkinib (PP242) induces mitophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Synergistic effect of BMS-777607 with mTOR inhibitors in reduction of CSCs+24/44/ESA viability. CSCs+24/44/ESA at 5,000 cells per well with stem cell culture media in triplicate in an ultra-low adhesion plate were treated with 5 umol/L BMS-777607, 1 umol/L AZD8055, 1 umol/L RAD001, and 1 umol/L PP242 alone, or in their different combinations. Cells were cultured for 72 hours. Percentages of polyploid cells were determined by counting 300 cells from two different regions. Results shown here were from one of two experiments with similar results.
|
|
S1145 |
SNS-032 (BMS-387032)SNS-032 (BMS-387032) has firstly been described as a selective inhibitor of CDK2 with IC50 of 48 nM in cell-free assays and is 10- and 20-fold selective over CDK1/CDK4. It is also found to be sensitive to CDK7/9 with IC50 of 62 nM/4 nM, with little effect on CDK6. SNS-032 (BMS-387032) induces apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() HeLa cells were treated for 3h with PIK-75 or SNS-032 at the indicated concentrations. Cells were subsequently lysed and subjected to western blotting. One representative of two independent experiments is shown.
|
|
S1200 |
DecitabineDecitabine (Deoxycytidine, Dacogen, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, 5-AZA-dC, 5-aza-CdR) is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, incorporating into DNA and resulting in hypomethylation of DNA and intra-S-phase arrest of DNA replication. It is used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Decitabine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. |
![]() ![]() (A) and (B) SW1116 and LOVO cells were plated, treated for 48 h with decitabine (DAC) and gefitinib (GEF) either alone or in combination, and the expression levels of AKT, mTOR, S6K, and phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis as described under Methods. Expression of β-actin served as a loading control. The data are representative of three independent experiments.
|
|
S1225 |
EtoposideEtoposide (VP-16, VP-16213) is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, which inhibits DNA synthesis via topoisomerase II inhibition activity. Etoposide induces autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Cellular biomarker responses in HT29 cells exposed to various cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents in combination with the Chk1 inhibitor V158411. HT29 cells were exposed to the combination GI80 of gemcitabine (0.2 uM), camptothecin (0.44 uM), cisplatin (68 uM), oxaliplatin (131 uM), doxorubicin (1.2 uM) or etoposide (59 uM) for 18 hours followed by DMSO (-) or 400 nM V158411 (+) for a further 24 hours. Protein expression was characterized by immunoblotting.
|
|
S2704 |
LY2109761LY2109761 is a novel selective TGF-β receptor type I/II (TβRI/II) dual inhibitor with Ki of 38 nM and 300 nM in a cell-free assay, respectively; shown to negatively affect the phosphorylation of Smad2. LY2109761 blocks autophagy and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() The inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathways suppressed EBV-mediated EMT, and prevented the activation of Syk and Src signaling. The EBV-infected HCECs were treated with 100 nM of the dual TGF-β receptor I and II kinase inhibitor, LY2109761, for 48 hours. The EBV-infected HCECs were cultured with anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody (5 ug/mL) or mouse IgG1 antibody (5 ug/mL) for 48 hours. Photographs were taken at x100 magnification by a digital camera.
|
|
S1491 |
FludarabineFludarabine (FaraA, Fludarabinum) is a STAT1 activation inhibitor which causes a specific depletion of STAT1 protein (and mRNA) but not of other STATs. Also a DNA synthesis inhibitor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Fludarabine induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Normal human KC pretreated with STAT1 inhibitor (fludarabine [10 uM]) or STAT3 inhibitor (STA-21 [2 uM]) for 24 h. The mRNA levels of hBD2 and hBD3 were assessed by qRT-PCR.
|
|
S1118 |
XL147 analogueXL147 analogue (SAR245408) is a selective and reversible class I PI3K inhibitor for PI3Kα/δ/γ with IC50 of 39 nM/36 nM/23 nM in cell-free assays, less potent to PI3Kβ. XL147 analogue induces apoptosis. Phase 1/2. |
![]() ![]() Breast cancer cells were pretreated with 100ng/ml EGF for 20 min and then treated with the indicated concentrations of XL147 for 24 hours. |
|
S1107 |
Danusertib (PHA-739358)Danusertib (PHA-739358) is an Aurora kinase inhibitor for Aurora A/B/C with IC50 of 13 nM/79 nM/61 nM in cell-free assays, modestly potent to Abl, TrkA, c-RET and FGFR1, and less potent to Lck, VEGFR2/3, c-Kit, CDK2, etc. Danusertib induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Mice bearing subcutaneous allografts of conditional patched mutant tumor cells were treated twice weekly with vehicle (saline) or 30 mg/kg PHA-739358. (B)Images of tumors. (C) Tumor weights. Each point represents a single tumor, and grey lines represent mean tumor weights, which were significantly different between vehicle and PHA-739358 treated mice (p < 0.05, based on paired two-tailed t-test).
|
|
S2248 |
Silmitasertib (CX-4945)Silmitasertib (CX-4945) is a potent and selective inhibitor of CK2 (casein kinase 2) with IC50 of 1 nM in a cell-free assay, less potent to Flt3, Pim1 and CDK1 (inactive in cell-based assay). Silmitasertib induces autophagy and promotes apoptosis. Phase 1/2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2198 |
SGI-1776 free baseSGI-1776 free base is a novel ATP competitive inhibitor of Pim1 with IC50 of 7 nM in a cell-free assay, 50- and 10-fold selective versus Pim2 and Pim3, also potent to Flt3 and haspin. SGI-1776 induces apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() VCaP cells were steroid starved overnight then treated with 10nM R1881 and PIM kinase inhibitor SGI-1776 as indicated for 4 hours. Total protein lysates were analyzed by Western blot with antibodies against P-AR S213, AR (total), P-4EBP1 Thr 37/46, and tubulin.
|
|
S1524 |
AT7519AT7519 is a multi-CDK inhibitor for CDK1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 with IC50 of 10-210 nM. It is less potent to CDK3 and little active to CDK7. AT7519 also inhibits GSK3β with IC50 of 89 nM. AT7519 induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Lysates of MDM treated with five-fold dilutions of the indicated compounds (starting concentration: AT7519, 0.5 mmol/l, roscovitine 4 mmol/l) were subjected to SDS-PAGE, transferred, and immunoblotted with antiphopho-SAMHD1, anti-SAMHD1 and anti-Hsp90 antibodies. MDM, monocyte-derived macrophage; SAMHD1, sterile a motif and HD domain-containing protein-1; SD, standard deviation.
|
|
S1241 |
Vincristine sulfateVincristine sulfate (Leurocristine) is an inhibitor of polymerization of microtubules by binding to tubulin with IC50 of 32 μM in a cell-free assay. Vincristine sulfate induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() for HXO-RB44 cells, IC50 values for VCR were changed in the different SG600 treatment groups. The results are representative of three independent experiments and of f our replicates in each experiment. |
|
S1237 |
TemozolomideTemozolomide (CCRG81045, NSC 362856, TMZ) is a monofunctional SN-1 alkylating agent that can modify nitrogen atoms in the DNA ring and the extracyclic oxygen group, chemically converted to MTIC and degrades to methyldiazonium cation, which transfers methyl groups to DNA at physiologic pH. A DNA damage inducer in L-1210 and L-1210/BCNU cells. Temozolomide induces apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity. |
![]() ![]() C57BL/6 mice were implanted in the striatum with citrine-GL26-Cherry-HMGB1, which were stably transfected to express the YFP citrine and HMGB1 fused to red fluorescent protein cherry. Fourteen days later, they were treated with saline, Ad-TK+Ad-Flt3L, or Ad-TK+Ad-Flt3L+TMZ (temozolomide). Five days after treatment, the cellular location of cherry-HMGB1 in these cells was assessed by confocal microscopy. Arrows, tumor cells (green) with cytoplasmic HMGB1 (red).
|
|
S1159 |
Ganetespib (STA-9090)Ganetespib (STA-9090) is an HSP90 inhibitor with IC50 of 4 nM in OSA 8 cells, induces apoptosis of OSA cells while normal osteoblasts are not affected; active metabolite of STA-1474. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), pancreatic cancer (PaTu2), lung cancer (A549), colon cancer HCT-116, and acute myeloid leukemia (SKM1) cell lines were incubated with increasing amounts of PU-H71 and STA-9090 as indicated. Western blot analysis with PRKD2, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-9 antibodies is depicted.
|
|
S1186 |
BIBR 1532BIBR 1532 is a potent, selective, non-competitive telomerase inhibitor with IC50 of 100 nM in a cell-free assay. No inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerases, including HIV reverse transcriptase are observed at concentrations vastly exceeding the IC50 for telomerase. BIBR 1532 induces apoptosis in cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2626 |
Rabusertib (LY2603618)Rabusertib (LY2603618, IC-83) is a highly selective Chk1 inhibitor with potential anti-tumor activity in a cell-free assay. IC50=7 nM, showing approximately 100-fold more potent against Chk1 than against any of the other protein kinases evaluated. Rabusertib (LY2603618) induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage response and autophagy in cancer cells. Rabusertib (LY2603618) induces bak-dependent apoptosis in AML cell lines. |
![]() ![]() MK-1775 and LY2603618 synergize to induce apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary patient samples. U937 and CTS cells were treated for 8 h. Whole cell lysates were subjected to Western blotting and probed with anti-γH2AX, -pCHK1, -p-cdc25c, -p-CDK1, -p-CDK2, -CDK1, or -β-actin antibody. Densitometry measurements, as described in the Materials and methods section, are shown below the corresponding Western blot.
|
|
S1533 |
R406 (free base)R406 (free base) is a potent Syk inhibitor with IC50 of 41 nM in a cell-free assay, strongly inhibits Syk but not Lyn, 5-fold less potent to Flt3. R406 (free base) triggers apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (C) Z-138 and JEKO-1 cells were simultaneously exposed to sorafenib and R406 at the indicated doses, and cell viability was determined at 48 hours by annexin V/PI staining. Bars represent the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. CI value is indicated for each combination. (D) Primary MCL cells from 7 patients were simultaneously exposed to sorafenib and R406 at the indicated doses for 48 hours, and cell viability was determined as above. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of all the samples analyzed. CI value is indicated for each combination. |
|
S1052 |
Elesclomol (STA-4783)Elesclomol (STA-4783) is a novel potent oxidative stress inducer that elicits pro-apoptosis events among tumor cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2161 |
RAF265 (CHIR-265)RAF265 (CHIR-265) is a potent selective inhibitor of C-Raf/B-Raf/B-Raf V600E with IC50 of 3-60 nM, and exhibits potent inhibition on VEGFR2 phosphorylation with EC50 of 30 nM in cell-free assays. RAF265 (CHIR-265) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblots showing levels of phospho-MEK (p-MEK), total MEK (t-MEK), phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2) in A375 cells transduced with a retrovirus expressing BRAFV600E, BRAFV600E/L505H, BRAFV600E/F516G or BRAFV600E/T529N and treated with increasing doses of RAF265. α-tubulin (TUBA) was monitored as a loading control. |
|
S2727 |
Dacomitinib (PF-00299804)Dacomitinib (PF299804, PF299) is a potent, irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, mostly to EGFR with IC50 of 6 nM in a cell-free assay. Dacomitinib inhibits ERBB2 and ERBB4 with IC50 of 45.7 nM and 73.7 nM, respectively. Dacomitinib is effective against NSCLCs with EGFR or ERBB2 mutations (resistant to gefitinib) as well as those harboring the EGFR T790M mutation. Dacomitinib inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2753 |
Tivantinib (ARQ 197)Tivantinib (ARQ 197) is the first non-ATP-competitive c-Met inhibitor with Ki of 0.355 μM in a cell-free assay, little activity to Ron, and no inhibition to EGFR, InsR, PDGFRα or FGFR1/4. Tivantinib (ARQ 197) induces a G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Effect of tivantinib on the mitotic index was compared with the antimitotic drugs paclitaxel and vinblastine after overnight treatment of the HLE cell line with two different concentrations of each drug |
|
S1362 |
Rigosertib (ON-01910)Rigosertib (ON-01910) is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with IC50 of 9 nM in a cell-free assay. It shows 30-fold greater selectivity against Plk2 and no activity to Plk3. Rigosertib inhibits PI3K/Akt pathway and activates oxidative stress signals. Rigosertib induces apoptosis in various cancer cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Along with cell death, immunoblotting shows ON 01910.Na induces hyperphosphorylation of RanGAP1, increased expression of RanGAP1.SUMO1 but decreased expression of free unmodified RanGAP1. No viable SU-DHL-5 cells were available for immunoblotting at 0.5 uM of ON 01910.Na.
|
|
S1288 |
CamptothecinCamptothecin (NSC-100880, CPT) is a specific inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) with IC50 of 0.68 μM in a cell-free assay. Camptothecin induces apoptosis in cancer cells via microRNA-125b-mediated mitochondrial pathways. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Growth suppression by UBE2M silencing is enhanced by DNA damaging agents. Growth sensitivity of HEY cells in the presence of Camptothecin(CPT) was monitored using clonogenic assay.
|
|
S1314 |
Zoledronic AcidZoledronic acid (ZA, Zoledronate, CGP-4244), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, induces apoptosis in osteoclasts by inhibiting enzymes of the mevalonate pathway and preventing the isoprenylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as Ras and Rho. Zoledronic acid (ZA) also induces autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).
|
|
S2219 |
Momelotinib (CYT387)Momelotinib (CYT387, LM-1149 , CYT11387) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 with IC50 of 11 nM/18 nM, ~10-fold selectivity versus JAK3. Momelotinib (CYT387) induces apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() IL-6- supported INA-6 cells were treated with the JAK inhibitors ruxolitinib (Rux; 10 nM) or CYT387 (CYT; 50 nM) for 1 hour and assessed for inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by immunoblotting.
|
|
S1452 |
Ispinesib (SB-715992)Ispinesib (SB-715992, CK0238273) is a potent, specific and reversible inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) with Ki app of 1.7 nM in a cell-free assay, no inhibition to CENP-E, RabK6, MCAK, MKLP1, KHC or Kif1A. Ispinesib induces mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Representative photographs of fluorescent staining of microtubules and nuclei in MDA-MB-231 cells 24 h post-treatment with 4 nM of ispinesib or vinblastine or their combination. Arrows and arrowheads denote mitotic cells with monoploar and bipolar spindles, respectively. Scale bars, 20 um.
|
|
S1515 |
Pracinostat (SB939)Pracinostat (SB939) is a potent pan-HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 40-140 nM with exception for HDAC6. It has no activity against the class III isoenzyme SIRT I. Pracinostat (SB939) induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Hyperacetylation of P. falciparum proteins by SB939. Synchronous 3D7 trophozoite-stage P. falciparum parasites were treated with 50 or 500 nM chloroquine (CQ), SAHA, or SB939 or with vehicle only (control; 0.05% DMSO) for 3 h. Following saponin lysis, parasite protein lysates were prepared and SDS-PAGE and Western blotting carried out using anti-acetyl H4 or anti-pan-acetyl lysine (K103) antibodies. Coomassie blue staining was carried out as a loading control.
|
|
S1244 |
Amuvatinib (MP-470)Amuvatinib (MP-470, HPK 56) is a potent and multi-targeted inhibitor of c-Kit, PDGFRα and Flt3 with IC50 of 10 nM, 40 nM and 81 nM, respectively. Amuvatinib suppresses c-MET and c-RET. Amuvatinib is also active as a DNA repair protein Rad51 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Inactivation of AXL by MP470 reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Immunoblot analyses of lysates from TGFβ/TNFα- treated MCF10A cells treated with varying amounts of MP470 for 72 hours.
|
|
S1972 |
Tamoxifen CitrateTamoxifen Citrate (ICI 46474) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen Citrate is also a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen induces apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Effects of DPN, LY500307, Raloxifene and Tamoxifen on cell viability in BSO-treated FRDA fibroblasts. BSO concentration was 1 mM and all steroid concentrations were 100 nM. Depicted are mean ± SD for n= 8 per group. * indicated p<0.05 versus BSO alone-treated cells. |
|
S2789 |
Tofacitinib (CP-690550)Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib) is a novel inhibitor of JAK3 with IC50 of 1 nM in cell-free assays, 20- to 100-fold less potent against JAK2 and JAK1. Tofacitinib inhibits the expression of antiapoptotic BCL-A1 and BCL-XL in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) and induced PDC apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() TRAP-positive multinucleated cell differentiation depends on JAK and is inhibited by tofacitinib in vitro. Effect of tofacitinib on the differentiation of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells in vitro (n =3 wells/experiment). Original magnification x 100.
|
|
S1451 |
Aurora A Inhibitor I (TC-S 7010)Aurora A Inhibitor I (TC-S 7010) is a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of Aurora A with IC50 of 3.4 nM in a cell-free assay. It is 1000-fold more selective for Aurora A than Aurora B. Aurora A Inhibitor I (TC-S 7010) triggers apoptosis through the ROS-mediated UPR signaling pathway. |
![]() ![]() Inhibition of CDK5 by roscovitine resulted in defective neuronal migration, which was rescued by expression of GFP-Ndel1 (S251E). a, Granular neurons were treated with roscovitine. Western blotting was performed 24 h after start of culture. Aurora-A and NDEL1 displayed similar expression levels with untreated neurons, whereas the levels of phosphorylated Aurora-A and NDEL1 proteins were decreased after treatment with roscovitine. Relative intensities of the bands of Western blotting are shown at the bottom. |
|
S1231 |
Topotecan HClTopotecan HCl (NSC609699, Nogitecan, SKFS 104864A) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor for MCF-7 Luc cells and DU-145 Luc cells with IC50 of 13 nM and 2 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Topotecan HCl induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Pax3:Foxo1a knockdown increases select chemotherapy sensitivities. MTS assay was performed for Pax3:Foxo1a knockdown mouse aRMS tumor cells treated with DNA damaging agents and microtubule inhibitors. Pax3:Foxo1a knockdown reduced the concentration at which viability was impaired by 50% (IC50) of topotecan by 4.8 fold, respectively, yet did not affect the IC50 of mafosfamide.
|
|
S1209 |
Fluorouracil (5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU)Fluorouracil (5-Fluorouracil, 5-FU, NSC 19893) is a DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitor, which interrupts nucleotide synthetic by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells. Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used in the treatment of HIV. |
![]() ![]() DNA-PKcs suppression mediated ROS production and GSH content in HepG2 cells exposed to CDDP and 5-Fu. a DNA-PKcs inhibition promoted ROS production in HepG2 cells treated with indicated concentrations of CDDP and 5-Fu. DCFH-DA fluorescent analysis was performed to assess the ROS level. Data presented were mean ?SD of three independent experiments.
|
|
S2243 |
Degrasyn (WP1130)Degrasyn (WP1130) is a selective deubiquitinase (DUB: USP5, UCH-L1, USP9x, USP14, and UCH37) inhibitor and also suppresses Bcr/Abl, also a JAK2 transducer (without affecting 20S proteasome) and activator of transcription (STAT). Degrasyn (WP1130) induces apoptosis and blocks autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Protein expression by western blot analysis of cell lysates from MCF-7, TAMR-4 and 164R-7 cells treated for 3 days with vehicle (0.1% DMSO), 1 uM or 1.5 uM WP1130.
|
|
S1233 |
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2)2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2, NSC 659853) depolymerizes microtubules and blocks HIF-1α nuclear accumulation and HIF-transcriptional activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol induces both autophagy and apoptosis in various carcinogenic cell lines. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Pancreatic cancer cell lines (CFPAC-1 and BxPC-3) were treated with siHIF-1 and 2-ME and then evaluate the expression HIF-1α, CRT and P-eIF2α by Western blotting experiment.
|
|
S1156 |
CapecitabineCapecitabine (RO 09-1978) is a tumor-selective fluoropyrimidine carbamate, which achieves higher intratumoral 5-FU level with lower toxicity than 5-FU. Capecitabine treatment of HCT-15 cells causes condensation of DNA and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Growth curve of human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice treated with orally administered vehicle or capecitabine at 360 mg/kg (n = 10–12 per cell line). |
|
S1185 |
RitonavirRitonavir (ABT-538, A 84538) is a Cytochrome P450 3A and Protease Inhibitor; Also inhibits Cytochrome P450 2D6, P-Glycoprotein and induces Cytochrome P450 2C19, Cytochrome P450 1A2, Cytochrome P450 2C9, Cytochrome P450 2B6 and UDP Glucuronosyltransferases. Ritonavir induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (A) KMS11 and
(B) L363 cells were plated in 5mM glucose medium with ritonavir or DMSO (D) for 17 hours. Glucose consumption rates are normalized to untreated cells (not shown).
(C) KMS11 and (D) L363 cells were treated with ritonavir or DMSO for 72 hours. Relative viable cell numbers were determined by MTS assay and normalized to
untreated cells (not shown).
|
|
S2012 |
PCI-34051PCI-34051 is a potent and specific HDAC8 inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM in a cell-free assay. It has greater than 200-fold selectivity over HDAC1 and 6, more than 1000-fold selectivity over HDAC2, 3, and 10. PCI-34051 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (d) Effects of HDAC8 activity on ISO-induced augmentation of apoptosis and TIPRL expression. H1299 cells were sequentially treated with 10 μm PCI-34051 for 24 h, ISO for 30 min and 50 μM cisplatin for 48 h before the western blot analysis.
|
|
S2743 |
PF-04691502PF-04691502 (PF4691502) is an ATP-competitive PI3K(α/β/δ/γ)/mTOR dual inhibitor with Ki of 1.8 nM/2.1 nM/1.6 nM/1.9 nM and 16 nM in cell-free assays, little activity against either Vps34, AKT, PDK1, p70S6K, MEK, ERK, p38, or JNK. PF-04691502 induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() BMDMs from WT animals were treated with different concentrations of PI3K inhibitors (500 nmol/L PF4691502, PI-103, BKM120 and 25 μmol/L SF1126) followed by hypoxia for 4 hours for Western blots. These macrophages were either used for lysate preparation (nuclear extracts for HIFα or WCE for pAKT and AKT) and Western blot analysis.
|
|
S2696 |
Apitolisib (GDC-0980)Apitolisib (GDC-0980, RG7422) is a potent, class I PI3K inhibitor for PI3Kα/β/δ/γ with IC50 of 5 nM/27 nM/7 nM/14 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Also a mTOR inhibitor with Ki of 17 nM in a cell-free assay, and highly selective versus other PIKK family kinases. Apitolisib activates autophagy and apoptosis simultaneously in pancreatic cancer cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblots from AR + TNBC cell lines treated with either CDX (25 uM), GDC-0941 (300 nM) or GDC0980 (100 nM) as single agents or CDX in combination with either GDC-0941 or GDC-0980 for 48 h analyzed for AR, p-AKT, AKT, p-S6, S6 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein.
|
|
S2796 |
WP1066WP1066 is a novel inhibitor of JAK2 and STAT3 with IC50 of 2.30 μM and 2.43 μM in HEL cells; shows activity to JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, and ERK1/2 not JAK1 and JAK3. WP1066 induces apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Effects of selective STAT3 inhibitors on adherent glioma CSCs. Cells were treated with WP1066 (50 uM for 2 h) or vehicle, and colocalization of STAT3 and p65 was determined by immunostaining.
|
|
S1487 |
PHA-793887PHA-793887 is a novel and potent inhibitor of CDK2, CDK5 and CDK7 with IC50 of 8 nM, 5 nM and 10 nM. It is greater than 6-fold more selective for CDK2, 5, and 7 than CDK1, 4, and 9. PHA-793887 induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() J558 cells were treated with PHA793887 (0.02–5 umol/L) for 6 hours, after which Western blot analysis was performed to monitor XBP-1s expression. Tub, tubulin.
|
|
S2746 |
AZ 628AZ628 is a new pan-Raf inhibitor for BRAF, BRAFV600E, and c-Raf-1 with IC50 of 105 nM, 34 nM and 29 nM in cell-free assays, also inhibits VEGFR2, DDR2, Lyn, Flt1, FMS, etc. AZ628 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Enzymatic activity of RIP3 from Abcam, the concentration-effect relationship of RIP3 inhibition by the tested protein kinase inhibitors and the mode of action of RIP3 inhibition by dabrafenib. The RIP3 inhibition rates of AZ628 at different concentrations were measured by the luminescent RIP3 assay. The data (mean ?SD from 3 independent experiments) were presented as the Lineweaver-Burk plots using Graphpad Prism 5.
|
|
S1396 |
ResveratrolResveratrol has a wide spectrum of targets including cyclooxygenases(i.e. COX, IC50=1.1 μM), lipooxygenases(LOX, IC50=2.7 μM), kinases, sirtuins and other proteins. It has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular effects. Resveratrol induces mitophagy/autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Cellular senescence and SIRT1 phosphorylation was monitored in PAECs (P2) incubated in DMEM containing HDL (50 mg/L), LDL (50 mg/L), or resveratrol (100 μM) for 24 hours. |
|
S1648 |
CytarabineCytarabine (Cytarabin, Ara-C, Arabinofuranosyl Cytidine) is an antimetabolic agent and DNA synthesis inhibitor with IC50 of 16 nM in wild-type CCRF-CEM cells. Cytarabine induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Viability and CI vs Fa after 24-h exposure to cytarabine alone or in combination with ABT-199 in Riva, U2932 and VavP-Bcl2/c-MYC murine tumor cells. Viability shown at 500 nM (500 ng/ml for cytarabine; quadruplicates±s.e.m.).
|
|
S2913 |
BAY 11-7082BAY 11-7082 (BAY 11-7821) is a NF-κB inhibitor, inhibits TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation with IC50 of 10 μM in tumor cells. BAY 11-7082 inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 and USP21 with IC50 of 0.19 μM and 0.96 μM, respectively. BAY 11-7082 induces apoptosis and S phase arrest in gastric cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() Immunofluorescence images of Ishikawa cells showing the increase in the nuclear colocalization of ERa (red) and p65 (green) after E2 incubation. Nuclear colocalization is yellow. Treatment with ICI 182,780, PDTC or Bay inhibited the nuclear localization of both ERa and p65. Blue, DAPI-stained nuclei. All pictures were obtained the same day using the same microscope settings. Original magnification 3200, bar =50 um. Arrows, cytoplasmic ERa and p65 staining. ICI, ICI 182,780; Bay, Bay 11-7082.
|
|
S1792 |
SimvastatinSimvastatin (MK-0733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with Ki of 0.1-0.2 nM in cell-free assays. Simvastatin induces ferroptosis, mitophagy, autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Statin-Related Inhibition of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Uptake by SLCO2B1 in Prostate Cancer (PC) Cells. B, Uptake of DHEAS in PC cells with 2.5 µM DHEAS and different concentrations of statins when incubated for 60 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing each condition with the DHEAS 2.5 µM and no statin state except when indicated. C, Uptake of DHEAS in PC cells before (scrambled short hairpin RNA) and after (short hairpin RNA 2B1) SLCO2B1 is knocked down when incubated with 2.5 μM DHEAS and 100 μM atorvastatin for 10 and 60 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing each condition with scrambled short hairpin RNA after 10 minutes with DHEAS except when indicated. P = .02 for the comparison between scrambled short hairpin RNA with 10 vs 60 minutes of DHEAS incubation for LNCaP and .01 for 22RV1. Other P values are indicated in the figure. Bars indicate means and error bars indicate standard deviation. |
|
S2783 |
Vistusertib (AZD2014)Vistusertib (AZD2014) is a novel mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 2.8 nM in a cell-free assay; highly selective against multiple PI3K isoforms (α/β/γ/δ). AZD2014 showed no or weak binding to the majority of kinases when tested at 1 μM. AZD2014 induces proliferation suppression, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy in HCC cells with antitumor activity. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S2635 |
CCT128930CCT128930 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of Akt2 with IC50 of 6 nM in a cell-free assay, 28-fold greater selectivity for Akt2 than the closely related PKA kinase. CCT128930 induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and autophagy independent of Akt inhibition. High dose of CCT128930 triggers cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells. |
![]() ![]() PI3K/AKT were involved in the E2 induced decrease of Caov-3 cell anoikis. Caov-3 cells were pretreated by different signaling pathway inhibitors and Bit1 expression was determined by western blotting.
|
|
S2893 |
NU7026NU7026 (LY293646) is a potent DNA-PK inhibitor with IC50 of 0.23 μM in cell-free assays, 60-fold selective for DNA-PK than PI3K and inactive against both ATM and ATR. NU7026 enhances G2/M cell arrest and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() DNA damage-induced inhibition of rRNA synthesis is dependent on DNA-PK and PARP-1 activity. Representative nuclei stained by EU are shown 22 h after 2 h treatment with 25 µg/ml cisplatin. Cells were treated with cisplatin under the following conditions: pretreatment with Nu7026 (Nu7026, 26) or Nu7441 (Nu7441, 41) |
|
S8001 |
Ricolinostat (ACY-1215)Ricolinostat (ACY-1215, Rocilinostat) is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay. It is >10-fold more selective for HDAC6 than HDAC1/2/3 (class I HDACs) with slight activity against HDAC8, minimal activity against HDAC4/5/7/9/11, Sirtuin1, and Sirtuin2. Ricolinostat (ACY-1215) suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() (a) Representative images from hTERT RPE-1 cells transiently transfected with siControl (siC), treated with vehicle (DMSO), alisertib (MLN8237) or rocilinostat (ACY1215) at the time of serum withdrawal for 48 h. Ciliation monitored by immunofluorescent staining using acetylated α-tubulin (cilia marker) and pericentrin (basal body marker). Nuclei counterstained using DAPI. Highlighted boxes show magnified cilia. Scale bar, 3 μM. |
|
S1714 |
GemcitabineGemcitabine (LY-188011, NSC 613327), a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, is a very potent and specific deoxycytidine analogue, used as chemotherapy. Gemcitabine induces a potent p53-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() RNA incorporating drugs induce SG assembly. HeLa cells were treated with the RNA incorporating agents 5-azacytidine (50 uM) and 6-thioguanine (10 uM), or the DNA incorporating agents trifluorothymidine (10 uM) and gemcitabine (100 nM) for 72 h. Subsequently, the cellular localization of the SG marker protein TIAR (green) and the P-body marker protein DCP1 (red) was analyzed. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst. Scale bars represent 20 um. |
|
S1786 |
VerteporfinVerteporfin (CL 318952, Visudyne) is a small molecule that inhibits TEAD–YAP association and YAP-induced liver overgrowth. It is also a potent second-generation photosensitizing agent derived from porphyrin. Verteporfin is an autophagy inhibitor. Verteporfin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Verteporfin treatment inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of Tsc1-null cells in vivo. Mice were administered i.p. with vehicle or verteporfin at a dose of 100 mg/kg every other day for 10 d before sacrifice. Mice were sacrificed at 6 wk of age. Three independent experiments were performed and mice in different treatments were pooled for analysis. Percentage of Ki67 and αSMA double-positive cells in α-SMA+ mesenchymal lesions in the indicated kidneys. Immunofluorescence staining and counting were performed on three sagittal sections from different kidney regions for each mouse.
|
|
S1181 |
ENMD-2076ENMD-2076 has selective activity against Aurora A and Flt3 with IC50 of 14 nM and 1.86 nM, 25-fold selective for Aurora A than over Aurora B and less potent to RET, SRC, NTRK1/TRKA, CSF1R/FMS, VEGFR2/KDR, FGFR and PDGFRα. ENMD-2076 inhibits the growth of a wide range of human solid tumor and hematopoietic cancer cell lines with IC50 from 0.025 to 0.7 μM, which induces apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Breast cancer cells line MDA-MB-231 were treated with the indicated concentrations of ENMD-2076.
|
|
S2817 |
Torin 2Torin 2 is a potent and selective mTOR inhibitor with IC50 of 0.25 nM in p53−/− MEFs cell line; 800-fold greater selectivity for mTOR than PI3K and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Inhibition of ATM/ATR/DNA-PK with EC50 of 28 nM/35 nM/118 nM,in PC3 cell lines respectively. Torin 2 decreases cell viability and induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() U2OS cells were plated in six-well plates using complete medium. The next day the cells were washed four times with NaCl/Pi before maintaining them for 6 h in serum- and glucose-free DMEM supplemented as indicated in the absence or presence of 0.1 uM Torin 2 for the last 1 h. The cells were control- treated, treated with 1 ug/mL insulin or treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min. Thereafter, cell lysates were prepared and western blotting was performed using the indicated antibodies.
|
|
S1312 |
Streptozotocin (STZ)Streptozotocin (STZ, NSC-85998, Streptozocin) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea derivative, which is a DNA-methylating, carcinogenic, antibiotic and diabetes inducing agent. Streptozotocin induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Effect of telmisartan and other treatments on (a) nitric oxide, (b) serum cortisol level. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). Statistical significances were determined using one way ANOVA followed by dunnetts post hoc test. ###p < 0.001 as compared with normal, *p < 0.05, *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as compared to STZ control. TMS: telmisartan, MET: metformin, FLX: fluoxetine. The figure in parenthesis indicates the dose in mg/kg po. |
|
S1223 |
Epirubicin HClEpirubicin HCl (4'-epidoxorubicin), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, is an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]()
Growth inhibitory effects of Epirubicin human pancreatic cancer cells. MiaPaCa-2 cells were plated in triplicates into 48-well plates at a density of 10,000 cells/ml. After 24 hours, complete culture medium was changed into fresh low-serum-containing medium (0.5% FBS) containing DMSO (control) or indicated doses of Epirubicin (Selleckchem). Cell viability 48 hours after treatment was determined by AlamarBlue assay (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer's instructions. Results are expressed as percentages of control, which was arbitrarily assigned 100% viability, and represented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the tripicate wells. |
|
S7046 |
Brefeldin ABrefeldin A is a lactone antibiotic and ATPase inhibitor for protein transport with IC50 of 0.2 μM in HCT 116 cells, induces cancer cell differentiation and apoptosis. It could also improve the HDR(homology-directed repair) efficiency and be an enhancer of CRISPR-mediated HDR. Brefeldin A is also an inhibitor of autophagy and mitophagy. |
![]() ![]() Cells were treated with brefeldin A or manumycin A, and the resulting supernatant was collected after 48 h for exosomal preparation (lanes 1 and 2), or exosomes obtained from C81 cells were trypsin-treated or freeze/thawed (F/T) and then trypsin-treated (lanes 3 and 4). Lanes 5 and 6, input exosome controls from C81 or CEM cells, respectively. Resulting exosomes were assayed for the presence of Tax by Western blotting. |
|
S7024 |
StatticStattic, the first nonpeptidic small molecule, potently inhibits STAT3 activation and nuclear translocation with IC50 of 5.1 μM in cell-free assays, highly selectivity over STAT1. Stattic induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analysis of p-STAT3, total STAT3, ABCA1 and ABCG1 levels in cells pretreated with DMSO or Stattic (10 uM) for 1 hr before and during stimulation with rDKK1 in cells transfected with STAT3 siRNA or negative control, and rDKK1 added into the supernatant.
|
|
S2788 |
Capmatinib (INCB28060)Capmatinib (INCB28060, INC280, NVP-INC280) is a novel, ATP-competitive inhibitor of c-MET with IC50 of 0.13 nM in a cell-free assay, inactive against RONβ, as well as EGFR and HER-3. Capmatinib (INCB28060) inhibits Wnt/β-catenin and EMT signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in diffuse gastric cancer positive for c-MET amplification. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (a) MET inhibition by INCB28060 prevents HGF-induced MET phosphorylation in MDA-MB231 and HCC-1954 cells. After one hour preincubation with INC2B8060, BC cells were stimulated with HGF for one hour. Phosphorylation of MET and total MET were determined by western blot and quantified by densitometric analysis. Results are expressed as percentage of unstimulated and untreated cells (negative control). |
|
S1501 |
Mycophenolate MofetilMycophenolate Mofetil (RS61443) is a non-competitive, selective and reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase I/II with IC50 of 39 nM and 27 nM, respectively. Mycophenolate Mofetil induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition in multiple myeloma cells. |
![]() ![]() Natural killer cell activation is differentially modulated by treatment with CsA,Tac, Sir, or MMF. PBMC of three or four healthy donors were incubated for 4 days with or without 500 U/ml IL-2 in the presence CNI (CsA and Tac), mTORi (Sir), or mycophenolate (MMF) at a concentration of 10 µM, DMSO control solvent or medium.The percentage of all NK cells (CD3− /CD56+ ) and of the major NK cell subsets defined as CD16+ /CD16− CD56dim and CD56bright were determined by flow cytometry. Each data point indicates one donor, and the median values with standard deviations are depicted as black bars. |
|
S2485 |
Mitoxantrone 2HClMitoxantrone 2HCl (NSC-301739) is a dihydrochloride salt of Mitoxantrone. Mitoxantrone is an inhibitor of type II topoisomerase and protein kinase C (PKC) with IC50 of 8.5 μM for PKC. Mitoxantrone inhibits cell proliferative growth of MCF-7/wt cells with IC50 of 0.42 μM. Mitoxantrone also induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunohistochemistry and quantification of cleaved caspase 3 expression in DU145-DR tumor xenografts from (D). Scale bar, 100 mm. Data represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05.
|
|
S2214 |
AZ 960AZ 960 is a novel ATP competitive JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 and Ki of <3 nM and 0.45 nM, 3-fold selectivity of AZ960 for JAK2 over JAK3. AZ 960 induces apoptosis and growth arrest. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1759 |
Pitavastatin CalciumPitavastatin Calcium (NK-104, P-872441, itavastatin, nisvastatin), a novel member of the medication class of statins, is a calcium salt formulation of pitavastatin which is a highly effective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin Calcium attenuates AGEs-induced mitophagy via inhibition of ROS generation. Pitavastatin Calcium induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Western blotting showed that in U87 cells treated with pitavastatin, the LC3-II isoform dramatically increased after statin treatment and showed at day 2, 3 and 4.
|
|
S2776 |
Devimistat (CPI-613)Devimistat (CPI-613), a lipoate analog, inhibits mitochondrial enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in NCI-H460 cell line, disrupts tumor cell mitochondrial metabolism. CPI-613 induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Phase 2. |
||
S3035 |
Daunorubicin HClDaunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin) inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis with Ki of 0.02 μM in a cell-free assay. Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() A) MV411 or B) Kasumi 1 cells were incubated with YM155 (0.25 x IC50) in the presence or absence of i) 0.5 x IC50 or ii) 1 x IC50 of Daunorubicin or iii) 0.5 x IC50 or iv) 1 x IC50 of Cytarabine for 72h. Following 72h treatment, cells were subject to a resazurin reduction assay. Percentages were normalised to DMSO controls. Column, mean of 3 independent experiments; Bars, SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005. Students t-test. Similar trends were observed with 0.5 x and 1 x IC50 of YM155 in combination with Daunorubicin or Cytarabine (data not shown). |
|
S2013 |
PF-573228PF-573228 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of FAK with IC50 of 4 nM in a cell-free assay, ~50- to 250-fold selective for FAK than Pyk2, CDK1/7 and GSK-3β. PF-573228 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() OVISE cells were incubated for 25 hr at the indicated concentrations of the FAK inhibitors. Immunoblots were performed to assess inhibition of auto-phosphorylation by the FAK inhibitors. |
|
S7015 |
BirinapantBirinapant (TL32711) is a SMAC mimetic antagonist, mostly to cIAP1 with Kd of <1 nM in a cell-free assay, less potent to XIAP. Birinapant helps to induce apoptosis in latent HIV-1-infected cells. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analysis of XIAP and cIAP1 expression and PARP cleavage in H460, A549 and 34LU cells pre-treated with vorinostat or entinostat for 6h followed by the SMAC mimetic birinapant for 24h. |
|
S2820 |
TAE226 (NVP-TAE226)TAE226 (NVP-TAE226) is a potent FAK inhibitor with IC50 of 5.5 nM and modestly potent to Pyk2, ~10- to 100-fold less potent against InsR, IGF-1R, ALK, and c-Met. TAE226 (NVP-TAE226) induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Targeting the actin cytoskeleton overcomes resistance to HDACi in primary MM. Graphs representing the proportion of cell death induced in MM patients (n=6) treated LBH589 (5 nM), TAE226 (0.5 uM) and combination. |
|
S2759 |
Fimepinostat (CUDC-907)CUDC-907 is a dual PI3K and HDAC inhibitor for PI3Kα and HDAC1/2/3/10 with IC50 of 19 nM and 1.7 nM/5 nM/1.8 nM/2.8 nM, respectively. CUDC-907 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() Representative Oil Red O staining of lipid-filled mature adipocytes on day 7 for uninduced cells (a), adipocyteinduced hMSCs exposed to the vehicle control (b) or CUDC-907-treated cells (500 nM) (c). Nile red staining (d and e) on day 7 of post-adipocytic induction in hMSCs and after exposure to CUDC-907. Images were captured at ×20 magnification using the FLoid Cell Imaging Station. The level of Nile red staining was quantified using the Molecular Devices M5 Microplate Reader (f). Data are presented as mean ± S.E (n = 16) from three independent experiments, ***P <0.0005.
|
|
S2714 |
LY411575LY411575 is a potent γ-secretase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.078 nM/0.082 nM (membrane/cell-based), also inhibits Notch cleavage with IC50 of 0.39 nM in APP or NΔE expressing HEK293 cells. LY411575 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (E) Quantitation of lumen from A-D. (F) RNA isolated from 6d acini and expression of NOTCH1 measured by qRT-PCR in triplicate. P values are * <.01, *** <0.001.
|
|
S2775 |
NocodazoleNocodazole (Oncodazole) is a rapidly-reversible inhibitor of microtubule polymerization, also inhibits Abl, Abl(E255K) and Abl(T315I) with IC50 of 0.21 μM, 0.53 μM and 0.64 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. Nocodazole induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() A, HeLa cells were treated with DMSO, Taxol (100 nM for 16 h), or Nocodazole (Noco, 100 ng/ml for 16 h). Total cell lysates were probed with the indicated antibodies against Hippo components on Phos-tag SDS-polyacrylamide gels. O and * mark the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated proteins, respectively. |
|
S2824 |
TPCA-1TPCA-1 (GW683965) is an inhibitor of IKK-2 with IC50 of 17.9 nM in a cell-free assay, inhibits NF-κB pathway, exhibits 22-fold selectivity over IKK-1. TPCA-1 is also an inhibitor of STAT3 and enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() AGS cells were treated with cwith IL-1β in the presence of the IKK inhibitor TPCA-1, the p38 MAPK inhibitor BIX02188 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Cell lysates were obtained 24 h after IL-1β treatment and immunoblotted with PTEN antibodies. |
|
S1218 |
ClofarabineClofarabine inhibits the enzymatic activities of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (IC50 = 65 nM) and DNA polymerase. Clofarabine induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates of NCI-H929 cells treated with CLO (5 μM, 3-48 h) GAPDH served as the loading control for each membrane, and data are representative of at least two independent experiments |
|
S2077 |
Atorvastatin CalciumAtorvastatin Calcium is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase used as a cholesterol-lowering medication that blocks the production of cholesterol. Atorvastatin Calcium induces apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Micrographs of hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver sections from untreated and atorvastatin-treated TO mouse. Results of representative experiment of liver specimens incubated in vitro at 37癈 with and without 1.0 礛 atorvastatin for 6 hr is shown. A liver specimen at 0 hr is also shown. Liver structure and cytology are preserved in treated and untreated specimens. Inflammation and cholestasis are absent. (Hematoxylin and eosin, 10?and 40?. |
|
S2812 |
(R)-(-)-Gossypol acetic acid(R)-(-)-Gossypol (AT-101) acetic acid, the R-(-) enantiomer of Gossypol acetic acid, binds with Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 with Ki of 0.32 μM, 0.48 μM and 0.18 μM in cell-free assays; does not inhibit BIR3 domain and BID. AT-101 simultaneously triggers apoptosis and a cytoprotective type of autophagy. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() (B and C) assessment of antimigration capacity in each group by transwell migration assay. Abbreviations: CDDP, cisplatin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide. |
|
S2729 |
SB415286SB415286 is a potent GSK3α inhibitor with IC50/Ki of 78 nM/31 nM with equally effective inhibition of GSK-3β. SB415286 causes MM cell growth arrest and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() LGX818 downregulates CyclinD1 dependent of DYRK1B, but not GSK3β. (B) A375 cells were treated with vehicle or an inhibitor of GSK3β (SB415286, 12.5 μM), then they were treated the same as in (A) for 3 and 12 h, IB analysis for β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and GAPDH. |
|
S8059 |
Nutlin-3aNutlin-3a ((-)-Nutlin-3), the active enantiomer of Nutlin-3, inhibits the p53/MDM2 interaction with IC50 of 90 nM in a cell-free assay. Nutlin-3a induces autophagy and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. |
![]() ![]() Nutlin-3a preserved p53 expression without influencing high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte impairment. A-D: cultured podocytes were pre-treated by nutlin-3a for 2 hrs before subjected to HG treatment. Western blotting gel documents (A) and summarized data (B) showing the expression of p53 and MDM2 in podocytes under HG exposure for 24 hrs. n = 4. Western blotting gel documents (C) and summarized data (D) showing the expression of Desmin in podocytes under HG exposure for 24 hrs. n = 3. *P < 0.05 vs. Ctrl, #P < 0.05 vs. Vehl + HG. Ctrl: control; Vehl: vehicle; nutlin-3a: nutlin-3a treatment. |
|
S1497 |
PralatrexatePralatrexate is an antifolate, and structurally a folate analog. Its IC50 is < 300 nM in some cell lines. Pralatrexate induces tumor cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() PK parameters for pralatrexate in the study population. Concentration over time for each dose cohort of pralatrexate (A).
|
|
S7007 |
Binimetinib (MEK162)Binimetinib (MEK162, ARRY-162, ARRY-438162) is a potent inhibitor of MEK1/2 with IC50 of 12 nM in a cell-free assay. Binimetinib induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human NSCLC cell lines and induces autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Whole-cell lysates from NRAS- or BRAF-mutant melanoma cells treated with encorafenib or/and binimetinib or DMSO as a control for 24 hours were subjected to Western blot analysis to detect pERK, ERK, and
b-actin. The experiment shown is a representative of three independent experiments.
|
|
S7397 |
SorafenibSorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor of Raf-1 and B-Raf with IC50 of 6 nM and 22 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Sorafenib inhibits VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3 and c-KIT with IC50 of 90 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM, 59 nM and 68 nM, respectively. Sorafenib induces autophagy and apoptosis and activates ferroptosis with anti-tumor activity. |
![]() ![]() Involvement of EV linc-VLDLR in tumor cell responses to chemotherapy. Cells were incubated with sorafenib, camptothecin, or doxorubicin. EVs were obtained after 24 hours, and qRT-PCR was performed for linc-VLDLR. The bars represent the mean ?SEM of the increase in cell viability from 3 independent studies. *, P < 0.05.
|
|
S7153 |
10058-F410058-F4 is a c-Myc inhibitor that specificallly inhibits the c-Myc-Max interaction and prevents transactivation of c-Myc target gene expression. 10058-F4 promotes a caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and modulates autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblot analysis of HER2, P-AKT, and HOXB7 in BT474 cells after treatment with 10 µM 10058-F4, 100 µg/ml of trastuzumab, or a combination of 10058-F4 and trastuzumab.
|
|
S1629 |
OrlistatOrlistat (Ro 18-0647, Tetrahydrolipstatin) is a general lipase inhibitor with IC50 of 122 ng/ml for PL from human duodenal juice. Orlistat treatment reduces proliferation, induces apoptosis and arrests cell cycle. |
||
S7152 |
C646C646 is an inhibitor for histone acetyltransferase, and inhibits p300 with a Ki of 400 nM in a cell-free assay. Preferentially selective for p300 versus other acetyltransferases. C646 induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() Phosphorylation of STAT6 in butyrate-treated M2-BMDMs. Western blotting was performed with anti-phospho-STAT6, STAT6, and β-actin. Data are representative of three independent experiments. M2:M2 macrophage; But:butyrate.
|
|
S1692 |
BusulfanBusulfan is a cell cycle non-specific alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan induces apoptosis. |
||
S1896 |
HydroxyureaHydroxyurea (nci-c04831, nsc32065) is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. Hydroxyurea activates apoptosis and autophagy. Hydroxyurea is used to treat HIV infection. |
![]() ![]() Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipient mice were injected with a 1:1 mixture of GFP+JAK2(V671F) and wild-type bone marrow cells. Five weeks later, mice were treated with vehicle (C), hydroxyurea (H; 30 mg/kg twice daily IP), ruxolitinib (R; 30 mg/kg twice daily oral gavage), BMN673 (B; 0.33 mg/kg IV), H+R, H+B, R+B, and H+R+B for 3 weeks. Percentage of GFP+JAK2(V617F) was measured in (panel B) bone marrow cells, (panel C) splenocytes, and (panel D) peripheral blood leukocytes; (panel E) number of GFP+JAK2(V617F) Lin−Sca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells per 106 bone marrow cells was calculated, too. *P < .05, **P < .05, and ***P < .05 when compared with control, single treatment, and double treatment, respectively, from 6 to 7 mice using the Student t test.
|
|
S8078 |
Bardoxolone MethylBardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402, TP-155, NSC 713200, CDDO Methyl Ester, CDDO-Me) is an IKK inhibitor, showing potent proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities; Also a potent Nrf2 activator and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor. Bardoxolone Methyl abrogates ferroptosis. Bardoxolone methyl induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() Renal Nrf2 activity was shown in RTA402-treated acFSGS (RTA402 + acFSGS) mice as early as day 7 (RTA402 + acFSGS) and persisted to day 28, compared to vehicle + acFSGS mice. Kidney in situ ROS production demonstrated by DHE detection.
|
|
S1999 |
Sodium butyrateSodium butyrate (NaB), sodium salt of butyric acid, is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and competitively binds to the zinc sites of class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs). Sodium butyrate (NaB) inhibits cell cycle progression, promotes differentiation, and induces apoptosis and autophagy in several types of cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() U87 cells were cultured with DMSO or 10 µM 5azadC for 72 h. For the latter, 1 µM Trichostatin A (TSA), 10 mM sodium butyrate (NaBu), 5 mM nicotinamide (NAM), or 0.5 µM apicidin were added in the last 24 h. IFNLR1 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. |
|
S1807 |
AciclovirAcyclovir (Acyclovir, Acycloguanosine, Zovirax) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue active against herpesviruses. Acyclovir induces cell cycle perturbation and apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia cells. |
![]() ![]() (A) HONE1 and (B) HK1-EBV cells were treated with TPA (40 ng/ml) and SB (3 mM) for EBV induction. After 3 h, uninduced and induced HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells were treated with the vehicle control (0.006% DMSO) or indicated concentrations of berberine for 48 h. Subsequently, the culture medium was harvested for quantitative-PCR analysis with EBNA1 primers. Each sample was normalized to the amount of the GAPDH gene; *p<0.05, compared with the control group.
|
|
S1299 |
FloxuridineFloxuridine (Deoxyfluorouridine, FUDR, NSC 27640) is a prodrug that is rapidly catabolized to 5-fluorouracil in vivo. Floxuridine is used to treat various cancers, particularly metastases to the liver. Floxuridine inhibits Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase and induces DNA damage and apoptosis. Floxuridine has antiviral effects against HSV and CMV. |
||
S2606 |
MifepristoneMifepristone (RU486, C-1073) is a remarkably active antagonist of progesterone receptor and glucocorticoid receptor with IC50 of 0.2 nM and 2.6 nM, respectively. Mifepristone promotes cell autophagy and apoptosis, decreases Bcl-2 level and increases Beclin1 level, accompanied by weakened interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin1. |
![]() ![]() Myogenic differentiation assay to determine the GR specificity of DEX by using RU-486 (10 uM). Immunofluorescence detection of MyHC (red) and DAPI counterstaining of nuclei (blue) was used to detect myotubes. The scale bar is 50 um.
|
|
S4001 |
Cabozantinib malate (XL184)Cabozantinib malate (XL184) is the malate of Cabozantinib, a potent VEGFR2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.035 nM and also inhibits c-Met, Ret (c-Ret), Kit (c-Kit), Flt-1/3/4, Tie2, and AXL with IC50 of 1.3 nM, 4 nM, 4.6 nM, 12 nM/11.3 nM/6 nM, 14.3 nM and 7 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Cabozantinib malate (XL184) induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Effects of AXL inhibitors on induction of pAKT and rescue of pERK following AXL overexpression. R428, 500 nmol/L; XL184, 3 umol/L; XL880, 100 nmol/L; in the presence or absence of 2 umol/L PLX4720. shAXL is a positive control.
|
|
S1680 |
DisulfiramDisulfiram (NSC 190940) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) with IC50 of 0.15 μM and 1.45 μM for hALDH1 and hALDH2, respectively. Disulfiram is used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() The effect of drugs on sperm movement. Purified human sperm were incubated under capacitating conditions for 0, 15, 30, 60 or 120 min, and motility was measured in the presence of disulfirum. The standard deviation is shown as bars. Statistical differences by Student's t-test compared with control are annotated as “*” for p<0.05 or “**” for p<0.01. |
|
S2891 |
GW441756GW441756 is a potent, selective inhibitor of TrkA with IC50 of 2 nM, with very little activity to c-Raf1 and CDK2. GW441756 produces a relevant increase of caspase-3 that leads to apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Thermal latency and mechanical allodynia were normalized in the RTXw1 + 4MC group (n= 6). In these mice, thermal hypoalgesia reappeared within 2 days of GW441756 injection (D). GW441756 did not affect mechanical thresholds (E) in the RTXw1 + 4MC group. (F, G) The diagrams show behavioral responses of naïve mice to either gambogic amide (open square, n = 6) or GW441756 (open circle, n =6). Gambogic amide induced mild thermal hyperalgesia within 2 days of injection but GW441756 did not affect thermal latencies (F). Both gambogic amide and GW441756 did not affect mechanical responses. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001: paired t-test comparing preinjection vs. postinjection effects. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001: between drugs and saline treatments.
|
|
S7165 |
UNC1999UNC1999 is a potent, orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of EZH2 and EZH1 with IC50 of 2 nM and 45 nM in cell-free assays, respectively, showing >1000-fold selectivity over a broad range of epigenetic and non-epigenetic targets. UNC1999 is a potent autophagy inducer. UNC1999 specifically suppresses H3K27me3/2 and induces a range of anti-leukemia effects including anti-proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Ex vivo growth of the SCLC PDX LX92 is significantly inhibited by the EZH2 inhibitors EPZ-5687, GSK343 and UNC1999 as measured by resazurin conversion (two-way analysis of variance, adjusted for multiple comparisons by the method of Dunnet).
|
|
S1623 |
Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine)Acetylcysteine (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC) is a ROS(reactive oxygen species) inhibitor that antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. It is also a tumor necrosis factor production inhibitor. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB activation through inhibition of IκB kinases. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) induces apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) inhibits ferroptosis and virus replication.Solutions of Acetylcysteine are best fresh-prepared. |
![]() ![]() (C) Double immunolabeling showed CK-labeled cells (green) co-expressed with 40, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue), scale bars are 50 μm.
|
|
S7204 |
Fosbretabulin (Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (CA4P)) DisodiumFosbretabulin (Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (CA4P)) Disodium is the water-soluble prodrug of Combretastatin A4 (CA4), which is a microtubule-targeting agent that binds β-tubulin with Kd of 0.4 μM in a cell-free assay. Fosbretabulin Disodium inhibits the polymerization of tubulin with IC50 of 2.4 μM, and also disrupts tumor vasculature. Fosbretabulin disodium induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Real-time hemodynamic changes in the tumor upon administration of CA4P. Panel A shows the MRI anatomical reference of the tumor, followed by sO2 maps of a slice of brain showing the largest cross section of the tumor at time points 0, 1, 4 and 6 h. post CA4P administration. Panel B shows the real-time sO2 changes in the tumor and contralateral brain occurring immediately post CA4P administration over 1 hour in a representative animal. SD is represented by lighter shades on the graph. Panel C shows the real-time sO2 changes in the tumor and contralateral brain occurring immediately post CA4P administration (n = 4). Panel D shows the quantification of hypoxia in tumors using CAIX as a marker at times 0 (n = 3), 1 (n = 4) and 6 h. (n = 3) post CA4P administration. Unpaired t-test showed statistically significant difference in CAIX staining at 1 hour post CA4P administration compared to 0 and 6 hours. ** ‐ P > 0.01. Black dotted circle and Red full circle denote the ROIs drawn at the tumor and contralateral brain respectively to compute the sO2.
|
|
S1848 |
CurcuminCurcumin (Diferuloylmethane) is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase(IC50~25 μM) and Histone deacetylase (HDAC); activates Nrf2 pathway and supresses the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Curcumin induces mitophagy, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest with antitumor activity. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Curcumin exhibits anti-infective properties against various human pathogens like the influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV and so on. |
![]() ![]() |
|
S1290 |
CelastrolCelastrol (Tripterine) is a potent proteasome inhibitor for the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM. Celastrol induces apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Celastrol inhibits dopaminergic neuronal death of Parkinson's disease through activating mitophagy. |
![]() ![]() SK-BR-3, A549, HCT-116 and BT-474 cells were incubated with or without X66 for 1 h before exposed to GM, celastrol or MG132 for 8 h. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot with indicated antibodies. |
|
S1443 |
ZileutonZileuton (A-64077) is an orally active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, and thus inhibits leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) formation, used to decrease the symptoms of asthma. Zileuton induces apoptosis while inhibits ferroptosis. |
![]() ![]() CD19+ B cells (A) or PBMCs (B) from a healthy donor were treated with zileuton (10 μM) prior to 17-HDHA or RvD1 treatment, followed by stimulation with the IgE-inducing cocktail. Cell culture supernatants were collected at day 7, and IgE levels were measured. The experiment was done in one representative donor (mean ± SEM). Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post test, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell.
|
|
S7198 |
BIOBIO (GSK-3 Inhibitor IX, 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime) is a specific inhibitor of GSK-3 with IC50 of 5 nM for GSK-3α/β in a cell-free assay, shows >16-fold selectivity over CDK5, also a pan-JAK inhibitor with IC50 of 30 nM for Tyk2. BIO induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells. |
![]() ![]() Lysates of HCT116p53KO cells were harvested 24 hs after treatment with different GSK3 inhibitors and GSK3A/B activation/inactivation checked by western blot: a mix of pSer21-GSK3A and pSer9-GSK3B antibodies and antibody cross-reacting with both pTyr279-GSK3A and pTyr216-GSK3B were used to assess the specificity of the inhibitor for GSK3A. BIO: 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, TWS: TWS119, SB2: SB216763, SB4: SB415286.
|
|
S2310 |
HonokiolHonokiol is the active principle of magnolia extract that inhibits Akt-phosphorylation and promotes ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Honokiol causes G0/G1 phase arrest, induces apoptosis, and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Honokiol inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() (B) Cleaved PARP, Bax and Bcl2 protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting of KRAS mutant cells lysates after 48 h of honokiol (10, 20, 40, and 60 μM) treatment. ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 for comparison between control group and honokiol-treated group. |
|
S7281 |
JIB-04JIB-04 (NSC 693627) is a pan-selective Jumonji histone demethylase inhibitor with IC50 of 230, 340, 855, 445, 435, 1100, and 290 nM for JARID1A, JMJD2E, JMJD3, JMJD2A, JMJD2B, JMJD2C, and JMJD2D in cell-free assays, respectively. JIB‑04 also induces cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() G, Western blot analyses to monitor the amount of H3K9me3 in the presence of rhein and MMS (upper panel) and under the
treatment of JIB-04 (lower panel).
|
|
S8024 |
Tyrphostin AG 1296Tyrphostin AG 1296 is an inhibitor of PDGFR with IC50 of 0.3-0.5 μM, no activity to EGFR. Tyrphostin AG1296 inhibits FGFR and c-Kit with IC50 of 12.3 μM and 1.8 μM in Swiss 3T3 cells. Tyrphostin AG1296 induces dramatic apoptosis in A375R cells. |
![]() ![]() After inoculation with KAT4 cells, administration of compounds including MK-2206 (100 mg/kg), tyrphostin AG 1296 (100 mg/kg), or a combination of MK-2206 (100 mg/kg) and tyrphostin AG 1296 (100 mg/kg) was performed. The combination of MK-2206 and tyrphostin AG 1296 induced significant apoptosis of KAT4 tumor cells in vivo measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay (green), and nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). |
|
S7129 |
PYR-41PYR-41 is the first cell-permeable inhibitor of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, with no activity at E2. PYR-41 induce apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (D) Ubiquitination level of Htt protein was detected by immunoprecipitation with the GFP antibody and western blotting with the ubiquitin antibody from GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells treated as (C). Total Htt protein level served as the loading control. (E) GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells were treated as (C).Soluble Htt protein was detected by western blotting and quantified. Mean ± SEM, n = 5, ***p < 0.001 compared to the control group. (F) GO binding assay of GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells treated with GO, followed by Western blotting (left panel) with the ubiquitin antibody and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining (right panel). L is the lysate before precipitation, while S and P were the supernatant and the pellet, respectively, after the precipitation. (G) Ubiquitination levels of Htt protein in supernatant lysate prepared from GO treated GFP-Htt(Q74)/PC12 cells with or without GO binding for 30 min.
|
|
S8075 |
GANT61GANT61 (NSC 136476) is an inhibitor for GLI1 as well as GLI2-induced transcription, inhibits hedgehog with IC50 of 5 μM in GLI1 expressing HEK293T cell, displays selectivity over other pathways, such as TNF and glucocorticoid receptor gene transactivation. GANT61 induces apoptosis and activates protective autophagy in LX-2 cells. |
![]() ![]() Apoptosis evaluation of UACC62R, SK-MEL-28 R and R3 cells treated with Gant61 (10 μM) for 48 h by flow cytometry detection of Annexin V staining. |
|
S7276 |
SGI-1027SGI-1027 (DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor II) is a DNMT inhibitor with IC50 of 6, 8, 7.5 μM for DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B in cell-free assays, respectively. SGI‑1027 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Following the incubation of the unmethylated DNA probe with DNMTase in the presence of spotted DNMTIs, Cy5 intensity values were measured before ( I0 ) and after ( I30 ) of endonuclease cleavage. Each data set was normalized to the initial fluorescence signal within the corresponding block and the resulting ratio describes the net CpG sites remained uncleaved (盨.D., n = 64). The red line represents the inhibitory threshold determined as two standard deviations below the averaged 'unspotted' ratio. On-chip visualization of the corresponding remaining Cy5 signal is placed on the bottom of each column.
|
|
S7106 |
AZD3463AZD3463 is a novel orally bioavailable ALK inhibitor with Ki of 0.75 nM, which also inhibits IGF1R with equivalent potency. AZD3463 suppresses cell viability by inducing both cell apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() (E) Immunoblot analysis of lysates of A4573 and TC32 cells following exposure to media only (Control, C); ST/V and V/ST with (+) or without (-) 20 nM AZD3463 using antibodies against ALK, IGF-1R, STAT3 (Y705), p-STAT3, AKT, p-AKT (S473), MAPK, p-MAPK (p42/44). |
|
S1413 |
Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1)Bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1) is a vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.44 nM. Bafilomycin A1 is found to inhibit autophagy while induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Mitochondrial depolarization mediated relocation of mitochondrial RC-TPP into lysosomes and the ensuing lysosomal acidity triggered rhodamine fluorescence. RC-TPP-loaded Tom20-GFP+ HeLa cells were treated without or with CCCP (20 μM) in the presence or absence of BFA (200 nM). Colocalization of Tom20-GFP (in green) and mitochondrial RC-TPP (in blue) is shown in cyan. Scale bar: 10 μm.
|
|
S2741 |
Niraparib (MK-4827)Niraparib (MK-4827) is a selective inhibitor of PARP1/2 with IC50 of 3.8 nM/2.1 nM, with great activity in cancer cells with mutant BRCA-1 and BRCA-2. It is >330-fold selective against PARP3, V-PARP and Tank1. Niraparib can form PARP–DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() PARP1 silencing rescues PARP1/2 inhibitor sensitivity in the ERCC1-deficient population. Effect of PARP1 knockdown by siRNA on sensitivity of ERCC1-isogenic cell lines to niraparib. Cells were reverse-transfected with PARP1 siRNA and drug was added 48 h after transfection. Cells were exposed to the drug for 5 days. Error bars represent the s.d. from the mean of three independent experiments.
|
|
S7379 |
E-64E-64 is an irreversible and selective cysteine protease inhibitor, and also inhibits papain, calpain, and cathepsins B and H, but not serine proteases or aspartic proteases. The IC50 for papain is 9 nM. E-64 induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in Filarial Parasite. |
||
S1576 |
SulfasalazineSulfasalazine (Azulfidine, Salazopyrin, Sulphasalazine) is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy. |
||
S8058 |
Riviciclib hydrochloride (P276-00)Riviciclib hydrochloride (P276-00) is a novel CDK1, CDK4 and CDK9 inhibitor with IC50 of 79 nM, 63 nM and 20 nM, respectively. Riviciclib hydrochloride (P276-00) induces apoptosis. Phase 2/3. |
![]() ![]() Predicted anticancer drugs inhibit the growth of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib, sunitinib, regorafenib and cabozantinib effectively inhibit GOT1 cell growth with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Inhibitors of AKT (MK-2206), HDAC (vorinostat), HSP90 (alvespimycin) and CDK4/9 (P276-00) also inhibited GOT1 cell growth at micromolar concentrations, whereas inhibition of PARP1 (veliparib) had no effect. GOT1 cells were treated with anticancer drugs at various concentrations for 4 days. Cell viability was estimated using AlamarBlue®. Data points are the mean values of three individual experiments carried out in triplicate (n=9). Fitting of curves was done in GraphPad Prism software v6.04 using log (inhibitor) vs response nonlinear fit with variable slope. IC50 was interpolated at Y=50 and bars denote ±s.d. |
|
S7076 |
T0901317T0901317 is a potent and selective agonist for both LXR and FXR, with EC50 of ~50 nM and 5 μM, respectively. T0901317 is a dual inverse agonist of RORα and RORγ with Ki of 132 nM and 51 nM, respectively. T0901317 significantly suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (C) Cells were pretreated with DMSO or T0901317 (5 μM), then incubated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 6 h. |
|
S7162 |
Mdivi-1Mdivi-1 is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of mitochondrial division DRP1 (dynamin-related GTPase) and mitochondrial division Dynamin I (Dnm1) with IC50 of 1-10 μM. Mdivi-1 attenuates mitophagy and enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() a Representative TUNEL/DAPI photomicrographs of ipsilateral cortex in different groups (scale bar = 100 μm). |
|
S7369 |
4EGI-14EGI-1 is a competitive eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor by binding to eIF4E with KD of 25 μM. 4EGI-1 specifically inhibits the function of mTOR by blocking the activation of 4E-BP1. 4EGI-1 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Hep3B and PC3 cells were treated with 50 μmol/L 4EGI-1 or 5 μmol/L ABT alone or their combination for 48 hours, and then the cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. p, phosphorylated; t, total; T, Thr; S, Ser; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
|
|
S7038 |
EpoxomicinEpoxomicin (BU-4061T, Aids010837) is a selective proteasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits primarily the CH-L activity of the 20S proteasome, while T-L and PGPH catalytic activities are also inhibited at 100- and 1000-fold reduced rate. Epoxomicin promotes apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Epoxomicin did not inhibit the EV71-induced PMLIII and IV degradation. Cell lysates were prepared from 293T cells infected or mock-infected with EV71 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 for 24 or 48 h in the presence or absence of epoxomicin (1 µM). At 24 h post-infection (p.i.) (left panels) or 48 h p.i. (right panels), 60 μg of protein extracted from each treatment were separated on SDS-PAGE and analyzed by performing a Western blot analysis using antibodies specific for PMLIII and IV (top panels), VP1 (middle panels), and GAPDH, which served as an internal loading control (bottom panels). PMLIII and IV were quantified by performing densitometry and are presented relative to the mock infection, which was set as 1.0. VP1 was quantified and is presented relative to that in the EV71-infected 293T cells at 24 h p.i. (left panels) or 48 h p.i. (right panels). The density value of VP1 without epoxomicin is set as 1.0. The experiment was performed three times, and representative results are shown.
|
|
S7177 |
PF-543PF-543, a novel sphingosine-competitive inhibitor of SphK1, inhibits SphK1 with IC50 and Ki of 2.0 nM and 3.6 nM, exhibits >100-fold selectivity over the SphK2 isoform. PF-543 induces apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() (C) Western blot analysis of mature TGF-β1, FN and Col-I protein levels in sham, sham+ PF-543, UUO and UUO +PF-543 groups at 7 days (n =3). (average ± SEM; ANOVA; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus sham group. #P < 0.05 versus UUO group). (D) Periodic acid-Schiff staning showed that tubular atrophy was evident in the obstructed kidneys at UUO 7 days after PF-543 treatment (n =6). (E) Masson's trichrome staining showed that matrix accumulation increased in the obstructed kidneys at UUO 7 days after PF-543 treatment(n = 6). (original magnification, ×400, scale bar =50 μm).
|
|
S7090 |
GSK923295GSK923295 is a first-in-class, specific allosteric inhibitor of CENP-E kinesin motor ATPase with Ki of 3.2 nM, and less potent to mutant I182 and T183. GSK923295 induces post-mitotic apoptosis. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (f) HeLa cells were treated with mitotic kinesin CENP-E inhibitor GSK923295 (50 nM) for 1 h to generate misaligned kinetochores. After fixation, cells were stained for ACA, tubulin, and TIP60. Statistical significance was tested by two-sided t-test and represented by asterisks corresponding to ***, p < 0.001. Scale bars, 5 μm. |
|
S8049 |
Tubastatin ATubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold). Tubastatin A promotes autophagy and increases apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Control and MEC17 KD macrophages (RAW264.7) were treated with TBSA or DMSO for 12 hours followed by LPS treatment for indicated time. p38 phosphorylation were determined by immuno-blotting.
|
|
S8808 |
DC661DC661 is capable of deacidifying the lysosome and inhibiting autophagy significantly better than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). DC661 induces apoptosis. |
||
S9190 |
Oroxin BOroxin B (Hypocretin-2), one of flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent, selectively induces tumor-suppressive ER stress in malignant lymphoma cells and has antioxidant activity. Oroxin B significantly inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be strongly associated with the inhibiting COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 cells, Oroxin B potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer.COX-2, VEGF, PI3K, and p-AKT expression levels are downregulated, while PTEN is upregulated after Oroxin B treatment. |
||
S8018 |
Nirogacestat (PF-03084014)Nirogacestat (PF-03084014, PF-3084014) is a selective gamma-secretase inhibitor with IC50 of 6.2 nM in a cell-free assay. Nirogacestat (PF-03084014, PF-3084014) induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
![]() ![]() The expression of p-EGFR and NICD was assessed by western blot after treatment for 3 d.
|
|
S7094 |
PF-3758309PF-03758309 (PF-03758309) is a potent, ATP-competitive, pyrrolopyrazole inhibitor of PAK4 with IC50 of 1.3 nM. PF-3758309 is antiproliferative and induces apoptosis in a HCT116 tumor model. |
![]() ![]() (C) MEF lysates treated with 10 μM PF-3758309 and DMSO as control were loaded in a PhosTag gel. Phospho- and dephospho-proteins (PAK6 and 14-3-3γ) were visualized using anti-PAK6 or anti-pSer560 antibody and anti-14-3-3γ or anti-pSer58. Protein loading was controlled by western blot using anti-PAK6 and anti-14-3-3γ antibodies.
|
|
S3984 |
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic antioxidant found in the leaves and twigs of the evergreen desert shrub, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville (creosote bush). It is a recognized inhibitor of lipoxygenase (LOX) and has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a cytotoxic insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R)/HER2 inhibitor and induces apoptosis. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits p300 and activates autophagy. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) protects cells from ferroptosis. |
||
S7846 |
Dubermatinib(TP-0903)TP-0903 is a potent and selective AXL Inhibitor with IC50 of 27 nM. TP-0903 is highly effective in inducing apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Phosphorylation of Axl was analyzed by Western blotting of whole cell lysates using different antibodies. GAPDH was used as an internal control. H1299 cells were stimulated for 15 min with 400 nM recombinant human Gas6 (rGas6). H1299 cells were treated with or without TP-0903 (0.2 µmol/L) for 24 h.
|
|
S8762 |
dBET6dBET6 is a highly cell-permeable PROTAC degrader of BET bromodomains with an IC50 of 14 nM for BRD4 binding. dBET6 also induces c-MYC downregulation and apoptosis. |
||
S8820 |
PTC596PTC596 is a second-generation BMI-1 inhibitor that accelerates BMI-1 degradation. PTC596 downregulates MCL-1 and induces p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis. IC50 values at 72 hours ranged from 68 to 340 nM in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines. |
||
S5144 |
NeferineNeferine ((R)-1,2-Dimethoxyaporphine), a natural component of Nelumbo nucifera, has antitumor efficiency. Neferine induces apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Neferine prevents autophagy through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and Nrf2 in muscle cells. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation. Neferine possesses a number of therapeutic effects such as anti-diabetic, anti-aging, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and even anti-HIV. |
||
S7885 |
SBI-0206965SBI-0206965 is a highly selective autophagy kinase ULK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 108 nM, about 7-fold selectivity over ULK2. SBI-0206965 inhibits autophagy and enhances apoptosis in human glioblastoma and lung cancer cells. |
![]() ![]() Inhibition of autophagy advances LPS-induced accumulation of G-MDSCs in vivo and in vitro. (A-E) C57BL/6 mice were treated with SBI-0206965 (5 μg/g) or vehicle for 2 h followed by LPS challenge (10 μg/g). Percentages of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs (A, C), CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow G-MDSCs (B, D) and CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6Chigh M-MDSCs (B, E) in spleens of these mice were analyzed with FACS at 12, 24 and 36 hours. The data are shown as the means ± SEM (n=5 replicates/group) and are representative of three independent experiments. (F, G) Bone marrow cells were pretreated with SBI-0206965 (1 μg/ml) or vehicle for 2 h and then cultured with GM-CSF (40 ng/ml) and IL-6 (40 ng/ml). Four days later, the percentages of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs (F), CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow G-MDSCs (G) and CD11b+Ly6G- Ly6Chigh M-MDSCs (G) were analyzed with FACS. Data are representative from one out of three biological replicates, each with three technical replicates. Error bars represent S.E.M. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, as determined by ANOVA tests; ns denotes p > 0.05. |
|
S5554 |
Lanatoside CLanatoside C is a cardiac glycoside with antiviral and anti-tumor activity. Lanatoside C induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and induces autophagy and apoptosis via attenuating MAPK, Wnt, JAK-STAT, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. |
||
S4732 |
MPTP hydrochlorideMPTP hydrochloride is a dopaminergic neurotoxin and cause selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of parkinsonism. MPTP hydrochloride induces apoptosis. |
||
S8244 |
Etomoxir sodium saltEtomoxir sodium salt is an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) on the outer face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Etomoxir enhances palmitate-induced cell apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Immunoblot analysis of CyclinD1, PCNA, γ-H2AX, cleaved-PRAP and -caspase3 (F) in normal saline or ETO-treated groups were determined at 10 weeks after HFD treatment (n = 10 mice/group).
|
|
S5243 |
Ruxolitinib PhosphateRuxolitinib Phosphate (INCB018424, INC424) is the phosphate salt form of Ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib is the first potent, selective, JAK1/2 inhibitor to enter the clinic with IC50 of 3.3 nM/2.8 nM in cell-free assays, >130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 versus JAK3. Ruxolitinib kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy. Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and enhances apoptosis. |
||
S7215 |
Losmapimod (GW856553X)Losmapimod (GW856553X, GW856553, GSK-AHAB) is a selective, potent, and orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor with pKi of 8.1 and 7.6 for p38α and p38β, respectively. P38 MAPKs are involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 3. |
![]() ![]() Intracellular pathways of b-adrenoceptor-induced proliferation. Urothelial proliferation (% of basal responses) in T24 in the absence and presence of (d) losmapimod (1-30 μM).
|
|
S7963 |
TIC10 (ONC201)TIC10 (ONC201) inactivates Akt and ERK to induce TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through Foxo3a, possesses superior drug properties: delivery across the blood-brain barrier, superior stability and improved pharmacokinetics. Phase 1/2. |
![]() ![]() Established HCC cell lines, HepG2 (A-C) and Huh-7 (D), primary human HCC cells (D, "Pri_1/Pri _2"), as well as HL-7702 human hepatocytes (D) and primary human adult hepatocytes ("Hepatocytes", D), were either left untreated ("C", same for all figures), or treated with applied concentration of TIC10 (0.1-30 μM), cells were then cultured in conditional medium for applied time; Cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay (A and D), clonogenicity assay (B) and [H3] Thymidine incorporation assay (C). Experiments in this figure were repeated for five times, with similar results obtained. n = 5 for each repeat. Bars stand for mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs. group "C".
|
|
S7776 |
Akti-1/2Akti-1/2 (Akt Inhibitor VIII) is a highly selective Akt1/Akt2 inhibitor with IC50 of 58 nM/210 nM, respectively, about 36-fold selectivity for Akt1 over Akt3. Akti-1/2 induces apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() AKTi-1/2 inhibits human HCC cells in vitro. Human HCC HepG2 cells (A–F), Huh-7 cells (G), primary human HCC cells (“Pri HCC”, G) or the primary liver cells (“Pri liver cells”, G) were treated with/out applied concentrations of AKTi-1/2 for indicated time; Cell survival (A, B and G), proliferation (C and D) and apoptosis (E and F) were tested by the listed assays. Data were shown as the mean (n = 5) with the standard deviation (SD). Experiments in this figure were repeated three times, with similar results were obtained. *P < 0.05 vs. “C” (untreated control) group.
|
|
S7625 |
Niraparib (MK-4827) tosylateNiraparib tosylate (MK-4827, ZEJULA) is a selective inhibitor of PARP1/PARP2 with IC50 of 3.8 nM/2.1 nM. Niraparib increases formation of PARP-DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. |
![]() ![]() Berberine activates PARP1 in ovarian cancer cells. PAR synthesis is detected by immunofluorescence staining in A2780 and HO8910 treated with different concentration of berberine alone or in combination with niraparib (10 μM) for 48 h. Top: representative examples of immunofluorescence staining of PAR. Scale bar, 20 μm. Bottom: quantification of PAR level in A2780 and HO8910. Immunofluorescence intensities were quantified by ImageJ. *P<0.05, **P<0.01
|
|
S8365 |
ApoptozoleApoptozole (Apoptosis Activator VII) is an inhibitor of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) and Hsc70 with dissociation constants Kd of 0.14 μM and 0.21 μM, respectively. It induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Representative images of platelets preincubated with FITC-conjugated CD41 before treated with negative control, pitstop 2, dynasore, A23, or apoptozole spreading on immobilized Fg for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively. Images were taken under oil immersion with magnification × 100. Scale bar, 5 μm.
|
|
S8401 |
Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493)Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) is a potent and selective orally bioavailable, pan fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Erdafitinib also binds to RET (c-RET), CSF-1R, PDGFR-α/PDGFR-β, FLT4, Kit (c-Kit) and VEGFR-2 and induces cellular apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() E, Continuous ERK phosphorylation in FGFR inhibitor resistant cells under 24-hour treatment with 1 μmol/L BGJ398 assessed by immunoblotting. FGFR inhibitors: AZD4547, BGJ398, and JNJ-42756493 |
|
S7747 |
Ro-3306RO-3306 is an ATP-competitive, and selective CDK1 inhibitor with Ki of 20 nM, >15-fold selectivity against a diverse panel of human kinases. RO-3306 enhances p53-mediated Bax activation and mitochondrial apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() HeLa cells were untreated or treated with either colcemid (10 μg/ml for 16 h), RO-3306 (9 μM for 16 h), or both colcemid and RO-3306, as indicated. Cells were then lysed, and proteins were detected by Western analysis.
|
|
S8402 |
KRIBB11KRIBB11 abolishes the heat shock-induced luciferase activity with an IC50 of 1.2 μM. It is an inhibitor of the transcription factor Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1). KRIBB11 induces growth arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S7781 |
SunitinibSunitinib (SU11248) is a multi-targeted RTK inhibitor targeting VEGFR2 (Flk-1) and PDGFRβ with IC50 of 80 nM and 2 nM, and also inhibits c-Kit. Sunitinib is also a dose-dependent inhibitor of the autophosphorylation activity of IRE1α. Sunitinib induces autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Sunitinib decreases FLT-3 and RET phosphor ylation but increases ERK phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. H295R and SW13 cells were treated with sunitinib (10 nM) for various time points as indi-cated. Cell lysates were prepared and phospho-FLT-3, RET, and ERK levels were monitored by Western Blot-ting. Re-probing against FLT-3, RET, and ERK was done to ensure equal protein loading. |
|
S7888 |
Spautin-1Spautin-1 is a potent and specific autophagy inhibitor, and inhibits the deubiquitinating activity of USP10 and USP13 with IC50 of ∼0.6-0.7 μM. Spautin-1 enhances apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Western blot analyses show significant inhibition of autophagy-related gene expression in Spautin-1 treated OCI-AML2 cells after Ara-C treatment.
|
|
S7724 |
APR-246 (PRIMA-1MET)APR-246, also known as PRIMA-1MET, is a small organic molecule that has been shown to restore tumour-suppressor function primarily to mutant p53 and also to induce cell death in various cancer types. APR-246 induces apoptosis and autophagy. |
||
S7785 |
Pemetrexed Disodium HydratePemetrexed Disodium Hydrate (LY-231514) is a novel antifolate and antimetabolite for TS, DHFR and GARFT with Ki of 1.3 nM, 7.2 nM and 65 nM, respectively. Pemetrexed Disodium Hydrate stimulates autophagy and apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() Role of PARP and BER in the synergy between PTX and GMX in A549 cells. Cells were pretreated ±1 umol/L olaparib (2 hours) then sequentially ±150 nmol/L PTX (24 hours), then ± GMX 12 nmol/L (48 hours). PAR modification of proteins and γ-H2AX levels were measured in extracts treated as in A by Western blotting.
|
|
S8317 |
3BDO3BDO, a butyrolactone derivative, could target FKBP1A and activate the mTOR signaling pathway. It inhibits autophagy in HUVECs. 3BDO inhibits oxLDL-induced apoptosis. |
||
S7396 |
CalpeptinCalpeptin is a potent, cell-permeable calpain inhibitor with ID50 of 52 nM, 34 nM, 138 nM, and 40 nM for Calpain I (porcine erythrocytes), Calpain II (porcine kidney), Papainb, and Calpain I (human platelets), respectively. Calpeptin attenuates apoptosis and intracellular inflammatory changes in muscle cells. |
![]() ![]() Western blotting detection of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and its cleaved fragments with different treatments. DTX represents docetaxel, CPP represents calpeptin (a calpain inhibitor). The experiments were carried out 3 times, obtaining essentially similar results.
|
|
S8117 |
GMX1778 (CHS828)GMX1778 (CHS828) is a potent and specific inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with IC50 and Kd of < 25 nM and 120 nM, respectively. GMX1778 induces programmed cell death with apoptotic features. Phase 1. |
![]() ![]() (d) Representative images of haematoxylin and eosin staining from young colons treated with or without specific Nampt inhibitor GMX1778. Bar=100 μm. (e) Colonic NAD+/NADH ratio was analysed in young mice treated with or without Nampt inhibitor GMX1778 (n=5). *P<0.05. (f) Daily faecal number of young mice treated with or without specific Nampt inhibitor GMX1778 (n=6). **P<0.01.
|
|
S8760 |
Iberdomide (CC220)Iberdomide (CC-220) is a novel oral immunomodulatory compound that targets cereblon, part of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, with an IC50 of 60 nM in a competitive TR-FRET assay. Iberdomide (CC-220) induces apoptosis with antitumor and immunostimulatory activities. |
||
S8722 |
ICEC0942 (CT7001)ICEC0942 (CT7001) is a new, orally bioavailable CDK7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40nM. The IC50 values for CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK9 were 45-, 15-, 230- and 30-fold higher. ICEC0942 (CT7001) promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S2271 |
Berberine chlorideBerberine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator. |
||
S2391 |
QuercetinQuercetin (Sophoretin), a natural flavonoid present in vegetables, fruit and wine, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4-5.4 μM. Quercetin induces mitophagy, apoptosis and protective autophagy. Phase 4. |
![]() ![]() After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Quercetin for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF. |
|
S8591 |
FX1FX1 is a selective BCL6 BTB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 35 μM in reporter assays. FX1 shows great selectivity against a panel of 50 different kinases. 10 μM FX1 fails to significantly inhibit of any of these kinases. FX1 induces apoptosis. |
||
S7652 |
OTS514 hydrochlorideOTS514 is a highly potent TOPK(T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.6 nM. OTS514 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
||
S2285 |
CryptotanshinoneCryptotanshinone is a STAT3 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.6 μM in a cell-free assay, strongly inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr705, with a small effect on STAT3 Ser727, but none against STAT1 nor STAT5. Cryptotanshinone induces ROS-dependent autophagy and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() (a) Effect on STAT3 DNA binding activity of the STAT3 inhibitors cryptotanshinone (CTN) and S31-201 in STAT3 mutant cell lines OCI-Ly12 and OCI-Ly13.2. (b) Effect on cell viability at 48 h of the STAT3 inhibitors cryptotanshinone and S31-201 in OCI-Ly12 and OCI-Ly13.2 cells.
|
|
S8146 |
Mitomycin CMitomycin C is an antineoplastic antibiotic by inhibiting DNA synthesis, used to treat different cancers. Mitomycin C induces apoptosis in a caspases-dependent and Fas/CD95-independent manner. |
![]() ![]() MTT results of three HCC cell lines at 72 h after indicated treatments. Three independent experiments were carried out.
|
|
S8405 |
RRx-001RRx-001 is a novel epigenetic modulator with potential radiosensitizing activity. It inhibits glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) in human tumor cells, binds hemoglobin and drives RBC-mediated redox reactions under hypoxia. RRx-001 triggers apoptosis and exhibits anticancer activity. |
||
S7421 |
CGP 57380CGP 57380 is a potent MNK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 2.2 μM, exhibiting no inhibitory activity on p38, JNK1, ERK1 and -2, PKC, or c-Src-like kinases. CGP 57380 upregulates β-catenin and potentiates radiation-induced apoptosis. |
![]() ![]() PC-3 cells were seeded in 6-well plates. On the next day, cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of 3-AWA, LY294002, CGP57380 or Rapamycin alone and or combination for 12 h. The cells were then subjected to preparation of whole-cell lysates for detection of the indicated proteins using western blotting. The western blots are the representative of three similar experiments.
|
|
S2290 |
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy and apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activation. |
![]() ![]() (D) Western Blot analysis of TCTP in cell lysates of MDA cells after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposition to DHA. β-actin was used as loading control. |
|
S8446 |
ImportazoleImportazole is a small molecule inhibitor of the transport receptor importin-β (Karyopherin beta) specifically blocking importin-β-mediated nuclear import. Importazole induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth. |
![]() ![]() Representative colony formation assays and quantification of cells from (A) following 72 hr treatment with docetaxel (125 nM), cabazitaxel (25 nM), mitoxantrone (500 nM), and single dose radiation (5 Gys).
|
|
S7358 |
Poziotinib (HM781-36B)Poziotinib (HM781-36B, NOV120101) is an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM, 5.3 nM and 23.5 nM for HER1, HER2, and HER4, respectively. Poziotinib also induces apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. Phase 2. |
||
S7793 |
Purvalanol APurvalanol A is a potent, and cell-permeable CDK inhibitor with IC50 of 4 nM, 70 nM, 35 nM, and 850 nM for cdc2-cyclin B, cdk2-cyclin A, cdk2-cyclin E, and cdk4-cyclin D1, respectively. Purvalanol A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. |
![]() ![]() After 12 h PAB treatment, cells were treated with PAB in the absence and presence of RO-3306 or purvalanol A for 12 h and 36 h. (A) Expressions of p-histone h3 were detected by western blot.
|
|
S7409 |
AnisomycinAnisomycin (Flagecidin) is a bacterial antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseolus, which inhibits protein synthesis, and also act as a JNK activator. Anisomycin upregulates autophagy and increases apoptosis. |
![]() |