Etoposide
For research use only.
Catalog No.S1225 Synonyms: VP-16, VP-16213
144 publications
Molecular Weight(MW): 588.56
Etoposide (VP-16, VP-16213) is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, which inhibits DNA synthesis via topoisomerase II inhibition activity. Etoposide induces autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis.
Purity & Quality Control
Choose Selective Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Antibiotics Inhibitors
Biological Activity
| Description | Etoposide (VP-16, VP-16213) is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, which inhibits DNA synthesis via topoisomerase II inhibition activity. Etoposide induces autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Targets |
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| In vitro |
Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA, which induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [1] Etoposide inhibits the growth of murine angiosarcoma cell line (ISOS-1) in a 5 days-period with IC50 of 0.25 μg/mL. Cell growth of normal murine microvascular endothelial cells (mECs) is less sensitive to Etoposide with IC50 of 10 μg/mL). [2] Etoposide treated for 6 hr inhibits colonies of tetraploid variant of the human leukemic lymphoblast line CCRF-CEM with IC50 of 0.6 μM. [3] Etoposide treated for 2 hr inhibits growth of human pancreatic cancer cell line Y1, Y3, Y5, Y19, YM. YS, and YT with IC50s of 300 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL, 91 μg/mL, 0.68 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL, 300 μg/mL, and 260 μg/mL, respectively. [4] Etoposide exposed for 1 hr inhibits growth of human glioma cell lines CL5, G142, G152, G111, and G5 with IC50 of 8, 9, 9.8, 10, and 15.8 μg/mL respectively for 12 days. Under same condition, the IC90 value is attained in cell lines CL5, G152, G142, and G111 at 26, 27, 32, and 33 μg/mL. Etoposide inhibition of topoisomerase II is homogeneous for each cell. The average inhibition rates are 15%, 21.8%, 31.8%, 41.5%, and 49.5% for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μg Etoposide, respectively. [5] |
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| Cell Data |
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| Assay |
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| In vivo | Etoposide administrated as a single agent is found to been ineffective in many xenografts growth, such as Heterotransplanted Hepatoblastoma NMHB1, and NMHB 2, [6] human neuroblastoma xenograft, [7] and human gastrointestinal cancer xenograft, [8] while the dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. Etoposide inhibits murine angiosarcoma cell ISOS-1 tumors in 36% of controls. [2] Etoposide induces tumor immunity in Lewis lung cancer. A single administration of 50 mg/kg Etoposide i.p., induces a 60% survival of C57B1/6 mice injected with Lewis lung cancer cell (3LL) over 60 days. About 40% of these surviving mice reject a subsequent challenge with 3LL, while none of control mice survive beyond 30 days. 3LL cells which have survived an 90% lethal concentration of Etoposide in vitro kill 75% of recipient mice, but 60% surviving mice reject challenge with 3LL. Splenocytes harvested from tumor rejecting mice protect naive mice injected with 3LL. [9] |
Protocol
| Kinase Assay:[5] |
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Topoisomerase II activity assay: Nuclear extracts are prepared, and nuclei are isolated. The activity of topoisomerase II is calculated from the percentage of decatenation obtained. Tritiated kinoplast DNA (KDNA 0.22 μg) is used as a substrate. Etoposide and topoisomerase II are incubated for 30 min at 37 ℃ and are stopped with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and proteinase K (100 μg/mL). The percentages of decatenation and inhibition of topoisomerase II by Etoposide are obtained. |
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| Cell Research:[5] |
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| Animal Research:[2] |
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References
- [1] van Maanen JM et al, J Natl Cancer Inst, 1988, 80(19), 1526-1533.
- [2] Ma G, et al. J Dermatol Sci, 2000, 24(2), 126-133.
- [3] Kalwinsky DK, et al. Cancer Res, 1983, 43(4), 1592-1597.
- [4] Slater LM, et al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2001, 48(4), 327-332.
- [5] Beauchesne P, et al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 1998, 41(2), 93-97.
- [6] Fuchs J, et al. Cancer, 1998, 83(11), 2400-2407.
- [7] Kaneko M, et al. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 1991, 18(7), 1155-1161.
- [8] Nagai S, et al. J Surg Oncol, 1993, 54(4), 211-215.
- [9] Slater LM, et al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2001, 48(4), 327-332.
Solubility (25°C)
| In vitro | DMSO | 100 mg/mL (169.9 mM) |
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| Water | Insoluble | |
| Ethanol | Insoluble | |
| In vivo | Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations): 5% DMSO+40% PEG 300+5% Tween 80+ddH2O For best results, use promptly after mixing. |
15mg/mL |
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
Chemical Information
| Molecular Weight | 588.56 |
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| Formula | C29H32O13 |
| CAS No. | 33419-42-0 |
| Storage |
powder in solvent |
| Synonyms | VP-16, VP-16213 |
| Smiles | CC1OCC2C(O1)C(C(C(O2)OC3C4COC(=O)C4C(C5=CC6=C(C=C35)OCO6)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC)O)OC)O)O |
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
| Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment) | ||||||||||
| Dosage | mg/kg |  |
Average weight of animals | g | |
Dosing volume per animal | ul | |
Number of animals | |
| Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation () | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % ddH2O | ||||||||||
| CalculateReset | ||||||||||
Calculation results:
Working concentration： mg/ml；
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL，)
Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Question 1:
Regarding the Etoposide S1225, do you have any data of the inhibition sepcificity of this product? It will inhibit other enzymes other than TOP2A?
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Answer:
According to the available published data, the inhibition of Etoposide is specific to TOP2A. But there're also two papers showing that Etoposide could inhibit the p34cdc2 Kinase Activity: 1. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/52/7/1817.short ; 2. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/50/12/3761.short.
