Fluorouracil (5-Fluoracil, 5-FU)

Catalog No.S1209 Synonyms: NSC 19893

Fluorouracil (5-Fluoracil, 5-FU) Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight(MW): 130.08

Fluorouracil (5-Fluoracil, 5-FU) is a DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitor, which interrupts nucleotide synthetic by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells.

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In DMSO USD 134 In stock
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Cited by 36 Publications

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Biological Activity

Description Fluorouracil (5-Fluoracil, 5-FU) is a DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitor, which interrupts nucleotide synthetic by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells.
Targets
Thymidylate synthase [1]
(Tumor cells)
In vitro

Adrucil is an analogue of uracil with a fluorine atom at the C-5 position in place of hydrogen. It rapidly enters the cell using the same facilitated transport mechanism as uracil. Adrucil is converted intracellularly to several active metabolites: fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (FdUTP) and fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP). The Adrucil metabolite FdUMP binds to the nucleotide-binding site of TS, forming a stable ternary complex with the enzyme and CH2THF, thereby blocking binding of the normal substrate dUMP and inhibiting dTMP synthesis. Metabolite of Adrucil also can be misincorporated into DNA, leading to DNA strand breaks and cell death. The pro-apoptosis effects of Adrucil may be related to its activation of tumor suppressor p53. Loss of p53 function reduces cellular sensitivity to Adrucil. [1] Adrucil is able to inhibit the survival and induce apoptosis of a board range of cancer cells. Adrucil suppresses viabilities of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 and HONE1 [2], pancreatic cancer cell lines Capan-1 [3], and human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 [4] with IC50 of 9 μg/mL, 3 μg/mL, 0.22 μM, 2.5 μM, respectively.
Cell Data
Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID
MCF-7 NVn0b5llT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO|YYm= NEX0[o84OsLiaNMg NUPqRm9wUUN3ME2yNEDPxGdxbVy= MWKyOFA6PTF5Nh?=
HT-29 M2fZcWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7 MV63NuKhcMLi M3LPTWlEPTB-IEK1JO69\y:vTB?= M4DiblI1ODl3MUe2
HL-60 MWXHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>? MXG3NuKhcMLi NYnaT2dyUUN3ME24MlYxOSEQvHevcWw> M3[0WlI1ODl3MUe2
NCI-H292 NFzqSmZIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?= NHG0WWg4OsLiaNMg MX;JR|UxRiB{NTFOwIcwdUx? MlXsNlQxQTVzN{[=

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data
Assay
Methods Test Index PMID
Western blot
p53 / PUMA / c-PARP; 

PubMed: 25965911     


(A) HCT-116 cells were treated with various doses of 5-FU for 24 hours (B) HCT-116 cells were treated with 200 uM 5-FU, then harvested at different time points after stimulation. The expression of p53, PUMA, cleaved PARP and P-Akt(S473) were detected by western blotting in different conditions.

25965911
Immunofluorescence
caveolin-3; 

PubMed: 23646193     


Cells were stained with an antibody against caveolin-3 (green) and with DAPI (blue). (A) control cells (top images), 10 mM 5-FU (middle images), 50 mM 5-FU (bottom images). Merged images are shown at the right of each panel.

phospho-histone H3 ; 

PubMed: 23646193     


Cells were grown for 24 h, treated with 5-FU and stained with an anti-phospho-histone H3 antibody (red) and with DAPI (blue). (A) control cells, (B) 0.1 mM 5-FU and (C) 1 mM 5-FU. 

p65 / p-p65(Ser536) / p53 / p-p53(Ser15); 

PubMed: 24587255     


E–H, Immunocytochemistry of p65 and p53 induction and localization by 5-FU treatment for the indicated cell lines. p65 (red), phosphor-p65 (Ser536; red), p53 (green), phospho-p53 (Ser15; red), and DAPI (blue) staining of the nucleus without (control) and with 5-FU treatment. 

Sox2 / Oct4 / Nanog / ABCG2; 

PubMed: 27009861     


(A) Immunofluorescence staining of Sox2, Oct4 and Nanog in HBE cells with or without 5-FU treatment. In untreated HBE cells, few Sox2, Oct4 or Nanog-positive cells were observed. After 5-FU treatment, the number of Sox2, Oct4 or Nanog-positive cells increased remarkably. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). (B) Immunofluorescence staining of ABCG2 in HBE cells with or without 5-FU treatment. 

β-catenin; 

PubMed: 30111797     


Immunofluorescence detection of β-catenin in HCT-8 cells. Scale bar, 20 μm.

non-phospho β-catenin; 

PubMed: 28588704     


Effect of enhanced WNT signaling in Ell3 OE cells. Localization of non-phosphorylated β-catenin was analyzed by immunocytochemical staining in (A) control MCF-7 and (B) Ell3 OE treated with various 5-FU concentrations.

23646193 24587255 27009861 30111797 28588704
Growth inhibition assay
Cell viability; 

PubMed: 25965911     


Cells viability was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after (A) 50, 100, 200, or 400 uM 5-FU treatment in HCT116 cells.

Cell proliferation; 

PubMed: 30250641     


(A) Cell proliferation assay with resveratrol in HCT116. Cells were treated with resveratrol at 0 ~ 200 μM for 72 hours and applied to MTS assay. (B) HCT116 cells were treated with 5-FU at 0~200 μM for 72 hours. (C)HCT116 cells were treated with resveratrol at 0 ~ 200 μM combined with 5-FU at 10 μM for 72 hours and applied to MTS assay. (D) DLD1 cell proliferation assay with resveratrol at 0 ~ 200 μM for 72 hours. (E) DLD1 cells were treated with 5-FU at 0~ 200 μM for 72 hours. (F) DLD1 cells were treated with resveratrol combined with 5-FU at 10 μM for 72 hours. Error bars represent standard deviation.

25965911 30250641
In vivo Adrucil is widely used in the treatment of a range of cancers, including colorectal and breast cancers. [1] 100mg/kg Adrucil significantly suppresses tumor growth of murine colon carcinomas Colon 38 with tumor-doubling time (TD), growth-delay factor (GDF), and T/C of 26.5 days, 4.4, and 14%. [5]

Protocol

Cell Research:[4]
+ Expand
  • Cell lines: Human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29
  • Concentrations: ~25 μM
  • Incubation Time: 7 days
  • Method: Growth inhibition is measured after treatment of cells with Adrucil for 7 days in 96-well plates (4000 HT-29 cells/well in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum); increasing concentrations of Adrucil are added after allowing for cell attachment overnight. At the end of incubation, cells are rinsed three times with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4), fixed with 10% trichloroacetic acid for 60 min at 4 ℃, washed five times with deionized water, and stained with 0.4% sulforhoda-mine B solution for 15 min at room temperature. Unstained sulforhodamine B is removed by rinsing with 1% glacial acetic acid. Afterwards, stained cell proteins are dried and dissolved with 10 mM Tris-HCl. The optical density value is measured using a detector at 540 nm wavelength.
    (Only for Reference)
Animal Research:[5]
+ Expand
  • Animal Models: Murine colon carcinomas Colon 38
  • Formulation: PBS
  • Dosages: 100 mg/kg
  • Administration: i.p. weekly
    (Only for Reference)

Solubility (25°C)

In vitro DMSO 26 mg/mL (199.87 mM)
Water Insoluble
Ethanol Insoluble
In vivo Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations):
saline (warming)
For best results, use promptly after mixing. 		10mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight 130.08
Formula

C4H3FN2O2
CAS No. 51-21-8
Storage powder
in solvent
Synonyms NSC 19893

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Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

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Frequently Asked Questions

  • Question 1:

    I was wondering if the product #s1209 (5-fluorouracil) is suitable to inject into mice ?

  • Answer:

    S1209 is suitable to inject (I.P.) into mice as indicating in this paper: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8995503.

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DNA/RNA Synthesis Signaling Pathway Map

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Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID