research use only

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) Antihyperglycemic Drug

Name: Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S5958
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (55 reviews)

Cat.No.S5958

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide), a widely used drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes. Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 129.16

Jump to

Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.99%

99.99

Related Targets	PI3K Akt mTOR GSK-3 ATM/ATR DNA-PK PDPK1 PTEN PP2A PDK
Other AMPK Inhibitors	Dorsomorphin Dihydrochloride Dorsomorphin (Compound C) AICAR (Acadesine) A-769662 GSK621 WZ4003 ex229 (compound 991) Phenformin HCl BAY-3827 HTH-01-015

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

Water : 130 mg/mL

DMSO : 26 mg/mL (201.3 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Ethanol : 26 mg/mL

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
Mass value Mass unit	Concentration value Concentration unit	Volume value Volume unit	Molecular weight (g/mol)

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo batch selection In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	1.300mg/ml (10.07mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of clarified DMSO stock solution of 26 mg/ml to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify it; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg

Average weight of animals: g

Dosing volume per animal: μL

Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

% DMSO

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	129.16	Formula	C₄H₁₁N₅	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years -20°C powder
CAS No.	657-24-9	--		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent

Mechanism of Action

Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	AMPK JNK p38 MAPK
In vitro	Metformin upregulates BAX activation with facilitation of BIM, BAD and PUMA, downregulates Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, also induces cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, directly triggering caspase-9-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis.
In vivo	Metformin shows therapeutic effect of this compound in mouse model of liver fibrosis associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in which hepatic function, NASH lesions and fibrosis are improved.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11602624/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31225649/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21895401/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35344814/

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT05910554	Not yet recruiting	Sarcoidosis Pulmonary	University of Maryland Baltimore	May 1 2024	Phase 2
NCT06120881	Recruiting	Type 2 Diabetes	University of California San Francisco\|National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)	April 1 2024	Early Phase 1
NCT06147050	Not yet recruiting	Long COVID	Purpose Life Sciences	April 2024	Phase 3
NCT06296836	Not yet recruiting	Diabetes Mellitus Type 2	University of Illinois at Chicago\|Emily Hanners\|Dulal Bhaumik\|Avisek Datta\|Peggy Choye\|Hailey Soni\|Annesti Elmasri\|Julie Jun\|Colin Goodman	April 1 2024	Phase 4

Tech Support

Handling Instructions

Tel: +1-832-582-8158 Ext:3

If you have any other enquiries, please leave a message.

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):