Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl

Name: Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S3035
Rating: 5 (45 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S3035 Synonyms: Daunomycin HCl, Rubidomycin HCl

45 publications

Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl Chemical Structure

CAS No. 23541-50-6

Daunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin, RP 13057, Rubidomycin) inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis with K_i of 0.02 μM in a cell-free assay. Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces apoptosis.

Selleck's Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl has been cited by 45 publications

Nat Med, 2017, 23(2):250-255

PubMed: 27991919 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(3)1362

PubMed: 33572999 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):12148

PubMed: 34108527 ( click the link to review the publication )

Transl Oncol, 2021, 14(5):101048

PubMed: 33667892 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z

PubMed: 34304386 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2021, 109(1):60-72

PubMed: 32841681 ( click the link to review the publication )

Haematologica, 2020, 12;haematol.2019.233445

PubMed: 32165486 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58

PubMed: 32099531 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00425-8

PubMed: 32886306 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00420-z

PubMed: 32870449 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Med Rep, 2020, 22(4):2791-2800

PubMed: 32945456 ( click the link to review the publication )

Blood Adv, 2020, 4(18):4393-4405

PubMed: 32926125 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2020, 38(6):872-890.e6

PubMed: 33217342 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Med Chem, 2020, 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01888

PubMed: 32803970 ( click the link to review the publication )

Haematologica, 2019, 10.3324/haematol.2019.224956

PubMed: 31624110 ( click the link to review the publication )

ACS Chem Biol, 2019, 14(3):348-355

PubMed: 30763062 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Lipid Res, 2019, 60(6):1078-1086

PubMed: 30962310 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Res, 2019, 17(12):2457-2468

PubMed: 31551253 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2019, 23(6):4111-4117

PubMed: 30920135 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):19384

PubMed: 31852908 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Biol Sci, 2019, 15(3):579-586

PubMed: 30745844 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2019, 41(6):3179-3188

PubMed: 30942458 ( click the link to review the publication )

Appl Health Econ Health Policy, 2019, 17(6):827-839

PubMed: 31392669 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Lymphoma, 2019, 1-9

PubMed: 31526067 ( click the link to review the publication )
Oncotarget, 2019, 10(56):5755-5767

PubMed: 31645898 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1):5378

PubMed: 30568163 ( click the link to review the publication )

Haematologica, 2018, 103(1):80-90

PubMed: 29025907 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 22;37(1):12

PubMed: 29357910 ( click the link to review the publication )

Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 24(7):1716-1726

PubMed: 29330206 ( click the link to review the publication )

Bioinformation, 2018, 587-593

PubMed: 31223218 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2018, 9(12):10585-10605

PubMed: 29535829 ( click the link to review the publication )

mSphere, 2018, 3(5)

PubMed: 30381352 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 36(1):22

PubMed: 28143565 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biochem, 2017, 434(1-2):25-32

PubMed: 28397012 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Res, 2017, 63:41-46

PubMed: 29100024 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Res, 2017, 56:36-43

PubMed: 28171800 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Transl Med, 2016, 8(339):339ra69

PubMed: 27194727 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicol Rep, 2016, 3:430-438

PubMed: 28959565 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicology Reports, 2016, 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.03.008

PubMed: ( click the link to review the publication )

Arch Toxicol, 2016, 90(11):2763-2777

PubMed: 26537877 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Transl Med, 2016, 14(1):132

PubMed: 27176825 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2015, 10(8):e0136484

PubMed: 26308531 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Res, 2015, 39(4):435-44

PubMed: 25659731 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Phys Chem B, 2013, 117(23):6859-67

PubMed: 23692060 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Phys Chem B, 2013, 117(23):6868-73

PubMed: 23692121 ( click the link to review the publication )

Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Antibiotics Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

DNA synthesis ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

20 nM(Ki)

In vitro

At drug concentrations that reflect the peak plasma concentration after Daunorubicin administration, the primary mechanism is likely to be through interaction with topoisomerase II, which may be a primary triggering event for growth arrest and/or cell killing through a signalling pathway leading to apoptosis, at least in leukemic cells and thymocytes. The quinone structure permits daunorubicin to act as electron acceptors in reactions mediated by oxoreductive enzymes including cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH dehydrogenase, and xanthine oxidase. At Daunorubicin concentrations exceeding approximately 2–4 μM, free radical mediated toxicity and DNA cross-linking may become evident. Daunorubicin inhibits both DNA and RNA syntheses in HeLa cells over a concentration range of 0.2 through 2 μM. Daunorubicin inhibits both DNA syntheses in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells over a concentration range of 4 μM. Daunorubic triggers apoptosis at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM in either HL-60 or U-937 human leukemic cells. ^[1] Daunorubicin stimulates ceramide elevation and apoptosis in P388 and U937 cells through de novo synthesis via activation of the enzyme ceramide synthase. ^[2] Daunorubicin dose-dependently increases the phosphatidylserine exposure and consequent procoagulant activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Daunorubicin (0.2 mM) significantly enhances the release of endothelial microparticles which are highly procoagulant in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ^[3]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line)	NVvCUWF5S3m2b4TvfIlkyqCjc4PhfS=>			M{LufXRp\SClb33wc5Vv\CC5YYOgeIV{fGWmIH\vdkBqdnS{YXPlcIx2dGG{IHP5eI91d3irY3n0fUBi\2GrboP0JG1FSSCPQjCzOlEpdWGvbXHyfUBk[XKlaX7vcYEh[2WubDDsbY5mMSCneIDy[ZN{cW6pIFzhZ3ohMGKndHGt[4Ft[WO2b4Pp[IF{\SluIFnDOVA:OTdibl2=	Mn34QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTB\|OUW0PVAoRjFyM{m1OFkxRC:jPh?=
P388 leukemia cell line	NGi1VFhEgXSxdH;4bYPDqGG\|c3H5			NIr5fndEd22yb4Xu[EB4[XNiZY\hcJVifGWmIH\vdkBkgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCSM{i4JIxmfWunbXnhJINmdGxibHnu[UwhUUN3ME2zJI5O	NFi4dIY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zMES3PVI6Pyd-MUC0O\|kzQTd:L3G+
Dx5 w/PSC cell lines	NIHNZ29Iem:5dHigbY5pcWKrdHnvckBie3OjeR?=			Mom2WIhmKGOxbYDveY5lKHejczDleoFtfWG2ZXSg[o9zKHSqZTDndo94fGhiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBFgDVidz;QV2Mh[2WubDDsbY5meyC3c3nu[{BOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9NVQhdk1?	NH\OUnY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zME[5PFQ1QSd-MUC2PVg1PDl:L3G+
MES-SA uterine tumor cell lines	NHi2W\|hIem:5dHigbY5pcWKrdHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MXjUbIUh[2:vcH;1coQhf2G\|IHX2ZYx2[XSnZDDmc5IhfGinIHfyc5d1cCCrbnjpZol1cW:wIH;mJG1GWy2VQTD1eIVzcW6nIIT1cY9zKGOnbHygcIlv\XNidYPpcochVVSWIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwQVAvODJzIN88US=>	NVrrXHZnRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUC2PVg1PDlpPkGwOlk5PDR7PD;hQi=>
Dx5 cell lines	MX;Hdo94fGhiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NU\ueGE{XGinIHPvcZBwfW6mIIfhd{BmfmGudXH0[YQh\m:{IITo[UBoem:5dHigbY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCGeEWgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B2e2mwZzDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJIlkPTB;MjFOwG0>	MXm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yODZ7OES0PUc,OTB4OUi0OFk9N2F-
human epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB-3-1	Mnu5R5l1d3SxeHnjxsBie3OjeR?=			NF;jT3hKdiC4aYTyc{BkgXSxdH;4bYMh[WO2aY\peJkhf2G\|IHX2ZYx2[XSnZDD1d4lv\yC2aHWgbJVu[W5iZYDp[IVzdW:rZDDjZZJkcW6xbXGgZ4VtdCCuaX7lJGtDNTNvMTygTWM2OD15IH7N	NUCzVYxlRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUK0OFM4PjNpPkGyOFQ{PzZ\|PD;hQi=>
human uterine sarcoma cell line MES-SA	NVXjZphkS3m2b4TvfIlkyqCjc4PhfS=>			Mlf0TY4hfmm2cn:gZ5l1d3SxeHnjJIFkfGm4aYT5JJdieyCndnHseYF1\WRidYPpcochfGinIHj1cYFvKHW2ZYLpcoUhe2G{Y3;tZUBk\WyuIHzpcoUhVUWVLWPBMEBKSzVyPUCuNFch\|ryP	NWLkOIg4RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUK0OFM4PjNpPkGyOFQ{PzZ\|PD;hQi=>
Jurkat T lymphocytes	NF;jRXJEgXSxdH;4bYPDqGG\|c3H5			M{nEVGN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KEq3cnvheEBVKGy7bYDoc4N6fGW\|IHL5JG1VXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3ME2wMlA5OjZizszN	MXS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPjN4Nk[wNkc,OTZ\|Nk[2NFI9N2F-
human HeLa3 cell line	M3vRZmN6fG:2b4jpZ:Kh[XO\|YYm=			MofIR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gTIVN[TNiY3XscEBtcW6nIHL5JG1VXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3ME2yMlk3KM7:TR?=	M2nKb\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF4OUSyNFM4Lz5zNkm0NlA{PzxxYU6=
NCI-H69 cell line	Mk\aVJJwdGmoZYLheIlwdiCjc4PhfS=>			MlzwRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDkdpVoKHOnboPpeIl3\SCQQ1mtTFY6KGOnbHygcIlv\SCkeTDBcIFu[XJiQnz1[UBie3OjeTygTWM2OD1yLkGg{txO	MYW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPzJ6NkO5N{c,OTd{OE[zPVM9N2F-
L1210	MV\GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NHjvS21KdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGLORUB{gW62aHXzbZMhcW5ibX;1d4UhVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVAhRSByLkOg{txONg>?	MkLyQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwPDJ\|MUixK\|41OjNzOEG8M4E,
L1210	MmDnSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NFvkU5FKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFTORUB{gW62aHXzbZMhcW5ibX;1d4UhVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVAhRSBzIN88UU4>	MoP6QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwPDJ\|MUixK\|41OjNzOEG8M4E,
L1210	NHLDS\|JHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NHnXepVKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGLORUB{gW62aHXzbZMhcW5ibX;1d4UhVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOgbY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCdM1jdeZJq\GmwZTDpcoNwenCxcnH0bY9vNCCHREWwJF0hOC5\|IN88UU4>	M2HLUlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzR7MEWzO{c,PDlyNUO3QE9iRg>?
L1210	MoPrSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			M1fadGlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiRF7BJJN6dnSqZYPpd{BqdiCvb4Xz[UBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKFt\|SG30bJlucWSrbnWgbY5kd3Kyb4LheIlwdixiRVS1NEA:KDBwNDFOwG0v	MnjlQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwPDlyNUO3K\|41QTB3M{e8M4E,
L1210	M2jVXWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MnvrTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCdM1jdeZJq\GmwZTDpcoNwenCxcnH0bY9vKGmwdH:gdJJwdGmoZYLheIlv\yCOMUKxNEBk\WyuczygSWQ2OCB;IECuN\|Mh\|ryPLh?=	NVPMNI46RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxNkexOlQxOSd-NkexOlQxOTxxYU6=
L1210	MnPlSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			MoPUTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCdM1jdeIh6dWmmaX7lJIlv[2:{cH;yZZRqd25iaX70c{Bxem:uaX\ldoF1cW6pIFyxNlExKGOnbHzzMEBGTDVyIE2gNE43PiEQvF2u	MVO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek83PzF4NECxK\|43PzF4NECxQE9iRg>?
L1210	NYLyfHE5TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NEi3NZpFd3OnIILldZVqemWmIITvJIlvcGmkaYSgeIhmKFKQQTDzfY51cGW\|aYOgbY4hdGW3a3XtbYEhVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVAhRSByLkOg{txONg>?	M1r1WVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493Nzd{NUK5O\|YoRjd{NUK5O\|Y9N2F-
L1210	MWHGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			Mk\GSI9{\SC{ZYH1bZJm\CC2bzDpcohq[mm2IITo[UBFVkFic4nueIhme2m\|IHnuJIxmfWunbXnhJGwyOjFyIHPlcIx{NCCHREWwJF0hOSEQvF2u	M3L6S\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493Nzd{NUK5O\|YoRjd{NUK5O\|Y9N2F-
MCF7	NF72WXhEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		MljoOFghcHK\|	NFjZdVNEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBOS0Z5IHPlcIx{KGGodHXyJFQ5KGi{czDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUCgQUAxNjJ{IN88UU4>	M{D2NFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5MUmwOFQ4Lz5zN{G5NFQ1PzxxYU6=
MDA-MB-231	MU\DfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		M{XVd\|Q5KGi{cx?=	MUPDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDNSGEuVUJvMkOxJINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDR6IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVAhRSByLkK1JO69VS5?	NV\kOHRlRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUexPVA1PDdpPkG3NVkxPDR5PD;hQi=>
HeLa	NITiXlJEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NVjUbXZtPDhiaILz	M{TtTGN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGhmVGFiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JG1VXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3MDC9JFAvOzJizszNMi=>	NG\PPFc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zN{G5NFQ1Pyd-MUexPVA1PDd:L3G+
PC-3	NWG0[IJSS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		MVK0PEBpenN?	M2nZWGN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJHBENTNiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JG1VXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3MDC9JFAvPDRizszNMi=>	NITLXGU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zN{G5NFQ1Pyd-MUexPVA1PDd:L3G+
Yoshida sarcoma tumor cells	NFToUlBHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MV3Dc45k\W62cnH0bY9vKGmwaHnibZRqdmdiW{PIYXRlWiCrbnPvdpBwemG2aX;uJIlvKFmxc3jp[IEhe2G{Y3;tZUB1fW2xcjDj[YxteyCrbjD2bZRzdyCrbjDyZZR{NCCLQ{WwJF0hOC5yMjFOwG0v	MWi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOzJ{OUi2K\|4yOzJ{OUi2QE9iRg>?
HL60	MXvBdI9xfG:\|aYOgZZN{[Xl?			M1rJbGlvKH[rdILvJINwdmOnboTyZZRqd25icnXxeYlz\WRidH:gbY5lfWOnIHHwc5B1d3OrczDpckBJVDZyIHPlcIx{NCCDQ{WwJF0hOC5yNDFOwG0v	NF3ySW09[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zMki3O\|U6Oyd-MUK4O\|c2QTN:L3G+
HL60R	M2LuRmFxd3C2b4Ppd{Bie3OjeR?=			NV:1fGhwUW5idnn0do8h[2:wY3XueJJifGmxbjDy[ZF2cXKnZDD0c{BqdmS3Y3WgZZBweHSxc3nzJIlvKEiONkDSJINmdGy\|LDDBR\|UxKD1iMUCg{txONg>?	MV:8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOjh5N{W5N{c,OTJ6N{e1PVM9N2F-
HL60	NHrFRZBEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>			M{PUUmN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGhNPjBiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JJRzgXCjbjDicJVmKGW6Y3z1d4lwdiCvZYToc4QtKEGFNUCgQUAxNjFizszNMi=>	M1z1S\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF6M{O5OFU2Lz5zOEOzPVQ2PTxxYU6=
HL60	NF:3dHVCeG:ydH;zbZMh[XO\|YYm=			MVnJcoR2[3Srb36gc4Yh[XCxcITvd4l{KGmwIH31cJRq\HK3ZzDy[ZNqe3SjboSgbJVu[W5iSFy2NEBk\WyuczDh[pRmeiB2ODDodpMtKEGFNUCgQUA{QCEQvF2u	NIOwWVk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOEOzPVQ2PSd-MUizN\|k1PTV:L3G+
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fibroblast (NHF) cells	M2PZUWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>			M3fjemN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSC2aHH0JINifXOnZDDhJFUxLSC{ZXT1Z5Rqd25iaX6gZYJ{d3KkYX7j[UBifCB2OUCgco0hcW5ibn;ycYFtKGi3bXHuJIZq[nKxYnzhd5QhME6KRjmgZ4VtdHNidYPpcochVVSVIHHzd4F6NCCHQ{WwJF0hOC5{MjFOwG0v	NVTZblNbRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUGwNlAzQDVpPkGxNFIxOjh3PD;hQi=>
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L1210	Mor1SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		NUK0fI1pOyCqcoO=	MWDJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKFKQQTDzfY51cGW\|aYOgbY4hdW:3c3WgUFEzOTBiY3XscJMheHKnaX7jeYJifGWmIH\vdkA{KGi{czDmc4xtd3enZDDifUBcO0ifLYXybYRqdmViYXTkbZRqd25ibXXhd5Vz\WRiYX\0[ZIhOSCqcjDifUB{[2mwdHnscIF1cW:wIIPw[YN1em:vZYTybYMh[W6jbInzbZMtKEWGNUCgQUAxNjNizszNMi=>	NF23eHI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zN{[zOVkoRjF5NkO1PVww[T5?
L1210	NGrjcI9HfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			M3rD[GlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiUl7BJJN6dnSqZYPpd{BqdiCvb4Xz[UBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyxiRVS1NEA:KDBwM{Og{txONg>?	M17mTFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzR{M{G4Nkc,PDJ\|MUiyQE9iRg>?
L1210	NXTxe5BiTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NWLteZJvUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDEUmEhe3mwdHjld4l{KGmwIH3veZNmKExzMkGwJINmdGy\|LDDFSFUxKD1iMD62OkDPxE1w	MUW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek81OjNzOEKnQlQzOzF6MkyvZV4>
L1210	MY\GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			M4HsVWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiUl7BJJN6dnSqZYPpd{BqdiCvb4Xz[UBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyxiRVS1NEA:KDBwM{Og{txONg>?	M3zxXFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzR7MEWzOkc,PDlyNUO2QE9iRg>?
L1210	M4raXmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MoriTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCGTlGgd5lvfGinc3nzJIlvKG2xdYPlJGwyOjFyIHPlcIx{NCCHREWwJF0hOC54NjFOwG0v	NXztRZhoRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxNEmwOVM3Lz52OUC1N\|Y9N2F-
L1210	MUPGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			MlTRTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCUTlGgd5lvfGinc3nzJIlvKG2xdYPlJGwyOjFyIHPlcIx{NCCHREWwJF0hOC5{MzFOwG0v	MWq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek83QTB7OUmnQlY6ODl7OUyvZV4>
L1210	MnzKSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			M2rmdmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiRF7BJJN6dnSqZYPpd{BqdiCvb4Xz[UBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyxiRVS1NEA:KDBwNEig{txONg>?	M13RcVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzZ7MEm5PUc,PjlyOUm5QE9iRg>?
L1210	MmC1SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NVzMTnFsS2:vcH;1coQhf2G\|IHX2ZYx2[XSnZDDmc5IhfGinIEWwKUBqdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIITo[UBqdmOxcoDvdoF1cW:wIH;mJHs{UF1vIITofY1q\GmwZTDpckB1cGViUl7BJEhqdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIIP5cpRp\XOrczDpckBt\XWtZX3pZUBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyluIFXEOVAhRSByLkOzJO69VS5?	MVm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8{PzZzM{K1K\|4{PzZzM{K1QE9iRg>?
L1210	NVrVU4NjTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MkDlR49ueG:3bnSge4F{KGW4YXz1ZZRm\CCob4KgeIhmKDVyJTDpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKHSqZTDpcoNwenCxcnH0bY9vKG:oIGuzTH0uKHSqeX3p[Ilv\SCrbjD0bIUhTE6DIDjpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKHO7boTo[ZNqeyCrbjDs[ZVs\W2rYTDMNVIyOCClZXzsd{ktKEWGNUCgQUAxNjZ4IN88UU4>	M2DrU\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzN5NkGzNlUoRjN5NkGzNlU9N2F-
L1210	NG\ZV\|hHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			M4K2OmNwdmOnboTyZZRqd25ib3[g[JJ2\yCwZXPld5NienlidH:gdoVlfWOnIHL5JFUxLSC2aHWgbY5kd3Kyb4LheIlwdiCxZjD0dol1cWG2ZXSgeZJq\GmwZTDpckB1cGViUl7BJI9nKGGldHn2[Yx6KGe{b4fpcochVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVAhRSByLkOzJO69VS5?	M{nEd\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzdyOE[4NVYoRjdyOE[4NVY9N2F-
L1210	MVHGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			M1PGUmNwdmOnboTyZZRqd25ib3[g[JJ2\yCwZXPld5NienlidH:gdoVlfWOnIHL5JFUxLSC2aHWgbY5kd3Kyb4LheIlwdiCxZjD0dol1cWG2ZXSgeIh6dWmmaX7lJIlvKHSqZTDEUmEhd2ZiYXP0bZZmdHliZ4Lve4lv\yCOMUKxNEBk\WyuczygSWQ2OCB;IECuOlYh\|ryPLh?=	NWG3eow5RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxN{C4OlgyPid-N{C4OlgyPjxxYU6=
NCI60	MmKyS5Jwf3SqIHnubIljcXSrb36gZZN{[Xl?			M2XpRmdzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKGi3bXHuJG5EUTZyIHPlcIx{NCCJSUWwJF0hOC5yNESg{txONg>?	MlfxQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTl7NES2NVIoRjF7OUS0OlEzRC:jPh?=
MDA-MB-231	NIKxeVhEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		MVi3NkBpenN?	NVzWe2poS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hVUSDLV3CMVI{OSClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC3NkBpenNiYomgd5Vt\m:{aH;kZY1qdmViQjDhd5NigSxiR1m1NEA:KDBwMEKg{txONg>?	NY\o[pZGRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUm5OlgzPThpPkG5PVY5OjV6PD;hQi=>
HT-29	NUXncVZ1S3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		NVrIRnFxPzJiaILz	NHy4THJEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBJXC1{OTDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA4OiCqcoOgZpkhe3WuZn;ybI9l[W2rbnWgRkBie3OjeTygS2k2OCB;IECuNFch\|ryPLh?=	M4jOXVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF7OU[4NlU5Lz5zOUm2PFI2QDxxYU6=
A549	MWDDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		M3zwRVczKGi{cx?=	MWHDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDBOVQ6KGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IEeyJIhzeyCkeTDzeYxnd3Kqb3ThcYlv\SCEIHHzd4F6NCCJSUWwJF0hOC5yODFOwG0v	M3TIUlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF7OU[4NlU5Lz5zOUm2PFI2QDxxYU6=
K562	MYTDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		NHTEflk4OiCqcoO=	MlvSR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gT\|U3OiClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC3NkBpenNiYomgXHRVKGG\|c3H5MEBIUTVyIE2gNE4xODd2IN88UU4>	NEPzWZY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MEW5NVY4QCd-MkC1PVE3Pzh:L3G+
NCI-H460	MYXDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		MkXMO\|IhcHK\|	MWHDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDOR2kuUDR4MDDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA4OiCqcoOgZpkhYFSWIHHzd4F6NCCJSUWwJF0hOC5\|ODFOwG0v	M4HOSlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJyNUmxOlc5Lz5{MEW5NVY4QDxxYU6=
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MCF7	MkjuR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		MkGxO\|IhcHK\|	NED4ZVhEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBOS0Z5IHPlcIx{KGGodHXyJFczKGi{czDifUBZXFRiYYPzZZktKEeLNUCgQUAxNjh4IN88UU4>	NWrZ[5F6RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkC1PVE3PzhpPkKwOVkyPjd6PD;hQi=>
Detroit 551	NHfGPFlEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NHfhTIM4OiCqcoO=	NGnpW2JEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBF\XS{b3n0JFU2OSClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC3NkBpenNiYomgXHRVKGG\|c3H5MEBIUTVyIE2gNU44PyEQvF2u	NEXY[249[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MEW5NVY4QCd-MkC1PVE3Pzh:L3G+
HL60	MXPDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		M2TIe\|Q5KGi{cx?=	MnLMR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gTGw3OCClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCpcn;3eIghcW6qaXLpeIlwdiCjZoTldkA1QCCqcoOgZpkhfHK7cHHuJIJtfWVic4ThbY5qdmdvYnHz[YQhcGWvb3P5eI9u\XS{aXOgZY5idHm\|aYOsJGdKPTBiPTCwMlEh\|ryPLh?=	MmLpQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjV6N{SzN\|UoRjJ3OEe0N\|M2RC:jPh?=
HL60R	Mm[xR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		MnLKOFghcHK\|	NFfZeFBEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBJVDZyUjDj[YxteyCneIDy[ZN{cW6pIICt[4x6[2:ycn;0[YlvKGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IHfyc5d1cCCrbnjpZol1cW:wIHHmeIVzKDR6IHjyd{BjgSC2conwZY4h[my3ZTDzeIFqdmmwZz3iZZNm\CCqZX3vZ5l1d22ndILpZ{BidmGueYPpd{whT0l3MDC9JFM5KM7:TT6=	NXPjSVRJRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkW4O\|Q{OzVpPkK1PFc1OzN3PD;hQi=>
P388	M1L3dmFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIF{e2G7		M3q1eFQ5KGi{cx?=	Mo\yRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDtc5V{\SCSM{i4JINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDR6IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVAhRSByLkCyPEDPxE1w	MoHGQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjd5OES0PUc,Ojd5OES0PVww[T5?
HT-29	MnLoRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZZN{[Xl?		Ml7ZPVYhcHK\|	MV3BcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IHj1cYFvKEiWLUK5JINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDl4IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVAhRSByLkGzN{DPxE1w	MmHKQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjd5OES0PUc,Ojd5OES0PVww[T5?
HeLa	NVvkVlJPTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			Mnu5WHBgXFKDTmPQU3JVTVJ8IHnubIljcXSrb36gc4YhTTJzN3LleIFIKHWydHHr[UApTTJzN3LleIFIQiByLkC1JJVOMSCrbjDt[Y1jemGwZTD2[ZNq[2ynIH\yc40hVVKSMT3lfJBz\XO\|aX7nJGhmVGFiY3XscJMtKEmFNUCgQUA5KM7:TT6=	NVfVSW02RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxOE[yNVY1PCd-OE[yNVY1PDxxYU6=
breast carcinoma line cells	M3;6NmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NWfpTG9[[2:vcH;1coQhf2G\|IITld5Rm\CCrbjD2bZRzdyCob4KgbY5pcWKrdHnvckBi[3Srdnn0fUBi\2GrboP0JIEhe2Wwc3n0bZZmKGi3bXHuJIJz\WG\|dDDjZZJkcW6xbXGgcIlv\SClZXzsd{whUUN3MDC9JFAvODZizszNMi=>	NYLmWYw6RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxOUK1PFM2OSd-OUK1PFM2OTxxYU6=
breast carcinoma line cells	NXnITWVJTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			M1u5SYNwdXCxdX7kJJdieyC2ZYP0[YQhcW5idnn0do8h\m:{IHnubIljcXSrb36gZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDkc5hwenWkaXPpckBz\XOrc4ThcpQh[2:3boTldpBienRib3[gbJVu[W5iYoLlZZN1KGOjcnPpco9u[SCuaX7lJINmdGy\|LDDJR\|UxKD1iMjFOwG0v	Mn\3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwQTJ3OEO1NUc,QTJ3OEO1NVww[T5?
MCF-7	Ml\GSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			M3XxSWNwdXCxdX7kJJdieyC2ZYP0[YQh\m:{IHn0d{B1d3irY3n0fUBi\2GrboP0JIh2dWGwIHLy[YF{fCClYX7j[ZIh[2WubIOoUWNHNTdrLDDJR\|UxKD1iMD6wOkDPxE1w	M17p[VxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493Nzl3NEi4NlAoRjl3NEi4NlA9N2F-
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RD	NGjsVXJyUFSVIHHzd4F6			M2DUcJFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCURDDj[Yxtew>?	MlP1QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
MG 63 (6-TG R)	MkjPdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			NVXGO\|V[eUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiUILpcYFzgSC\|Y4Ll[Y4h\m:{IF3HJFY{KCh4LWTHJHIqKGOnbHzz	M4jy[\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
fibroblast cells	NVXudJp{eUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?			Mlq4dWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKGOxboTyc4whUGhid3ns[EB1gXCnIH\pZpJw[myjc4SgZ4VtdHN?	NH3UXJU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
Rh41	NH3xWFVyUFSVIHHzd4F6			NFvjdoJyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiUni0NUBk\Wyucx?=	MkXRQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
P388	NH3ST5BCdnSrdIXtc5Ih[XO\|YYm=	M3v4WVAvOjVidH:gNVAhdWdxa3e=		NUjzO3VUSW62aYT1cY9zKGGldHn2bZR6KGGpYXnud5QhdW:3c3WgVFM5QCClZXzsd{BidGyxZ4Lh[pRm\CCrbjDtc5V{\SCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczD0eY1weiCpcn;3eIghcW6qaXLpeIlwdiCjdDCwMlI2KHSxIEGwJI1oN2up	MlO5QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTJ3NU[2NUc,OTJ3NU[2NVww[T5?

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	p-Chk1 / Chk1 / p-ATR / ATR ; PubMed: 26727128 PLoS One After Caco-2 cells were treated with or without 1 μ M daunorubicin, whole cell extracts were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and immunoblotted for Chk1, p-Chk1, ATR, and p-ATR. β-actin served as the loading control.	26727128
Immunofluorescence	p-Chk1; PubMed: 26727128 PLoS One Caco-2 cells were treated with or without 1 μ M daunorubicin for 48 h, and then fixed and stained with anti-p-Chk1 antibody and DAPI. Images were collected under a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar = 10 μm.	26727128
Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability; PubMed: 30745844 Int J Biol Sci (A) Viability of AML cell lines under different concentrations of Dnr according to the CCK-8 assay. (B) IC50 of AML cell lines calculated according to the result of the CCK-8 assay.	30745844

Protocol

References

[4] Tardi P, et al. Leuk Res, 2009, 33(1), 129-139.

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	100 mg/mL (177.31 mM)
	Water	100 mg/mL (177.31 mM)
	Ethanol	Insoluble
In vivo	Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations): Saline For best results, use promptly after mixing.	30 mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl SDF

Molecular Weight	563.98
Formula	C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₀ . HCl
CAS No.	23541-50-6
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	Daunomycin HCl, Rubidomycin HCl
Smiles	CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O.Cl

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage

mg/kg

Average weight of animals

Dosing volume per animal

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO+ % + % Tween 80+ % ddH₂O

Calculate Reset

Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and SDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and SDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):

Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2021-09-06)

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT04562792	Recruiting	Drug: Daunorubicin	Relapsed Pediatric ALL\|Relapsed Pediatric AML\|Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia\|Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	Children''s Mercy Hospital Kansas City	May 8 2020	Phase 2
NCT03878927	Recruiting	Drug: CPX-351\|Drug: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin	Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Weill Medical College of Cornell University\|Jazz Pharmaceuticals\|Pfizer	August 23 2019	Phase 1
NCT03896269	Recruiting	Drug: Liposome-encapsulated Daunorubicin-Cytarabine	Blasts 10-19 Percent of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells\|Blasts More Than 5 Percent of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells\|High Risk Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia\|Recurrent Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia\|Recurrent High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome\|Refractory Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia\|Refractory High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	May 14 2019	Phase 1

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

Tel: +1-832-582-8158 Ext:3

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Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl