Daunorubicin HCl

Name: Daunorubicin HCl
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S3035
Rating: 5 (40 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S3035 Synonyms: Daunomycin HCl, RP 13057 HCl, Rubidomycin HCl

40 publications

CAS No. 23541-50-6

Daunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin, RP 13057, Rubidomycin) inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis with K_i of 0.02 μM in a cell-free assay. Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces apoptosis.

Selleck's Daunorubicin HCl has been cited by 40 publications

Nat Med, 2017, 23(2):250-255

PubMed: 27991919 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2021, 109(1):60-72

PubMed: 32841681 ( click the link to review the publication )

Haematologica, 2020, 12;haematol.2019.233445

PubMed: 32165486 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58

PubMed: 32099531 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00425-8

PubMed: 32886306 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00420-z

PubMed: 32870449 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Med Rep, 2020, 22(4):2791-2800

PubMed: 32945456 ( click the link to review the publication )

Blood Adv, 2020, 4(18):4393-4405

PubMed: 32926125 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2020, 38(6):872-890.e6

PubMed: 33217342 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Med Chem, 2020, 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01888

PubMed: 32803970 ( click the link to review the publication )

Haematologica, 2019, 10.3324/haematol.2019.224956

PubMed: 31624110 ( click the link to review the publication )

ACS Chem Biol, 2019, 14(3):348-355

PubMed: 30763062 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Lipid Res, 2019, 60(6):1078-1086

PubMed: 30962310 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Res, 2019, 17(12):2457-2468

PubMed: 31551253 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2019, 23(6):4111-4117

PubMed: 30920135 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):19384

PubMed: 31852908 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Biol Sci, 2019, 15(3):579-586

PubMed: 30745844 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2019, 41(6):3179-3188

PubMed: 30942458 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Lymphoma, 2019, 1-9

PubMed: 31526067 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2019, 10(56):5755-5767

PubMed: 31645898 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1):5378

PubMed: 30568163 ( click the link to review the publication )

Haematologica, 2018, 103(1):80-90

PubMed: 29025907 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 22;37(1):12

PubMed: 29357910 ( click the link to review the publication )

Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 24(7):1716-1726

PubMed: 29330206 ( click the link to review the publication )
Bioinformation, 2018, 587-593

PubMed: 31223218 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2018, 9(12):10585-10605

PubMed: 29535829 ( click the link to review the publication )

mSphere, 2018, 3(5)

PubMed: 30381352 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 36(1):22

PubMed: 28143565 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biochem, 2017, 434(1-2):25-32

PubMed: 28397012 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Res, 2017, 63:41-46

PubMed: 29100024 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Res, 2017, 56:36-43

PubMed: 28171800 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Transl Med, 2016, 8(339):339ra69

PubMed: 27194727 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicol Rep, 2016, 3:430-438

PubMed: 28959565 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicology Reports, 2016, 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.03.008

PubMed: ( click the link to review the publication )

Arch Toxicol, 2016, 90(11):2763-2777

PubMed: 26537877 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Transl Med, 2016, 14(1):132

PubMed: 27176825 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2015, 10(8):e0136484

PubMed: 26308531 ( click the link to review the publication )

Leuk Res, 2015, 39(4):435-44

PubMed: 25659731 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Phys Chem B, 2013, 117(23):6859-67

PubMed: 23692060 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Phys Chem B, 2013, 117(23):6868-73

PubMed: 23692121 ( click the link to review the publication )

Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Antibiotics Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

DNA synthesis ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

20 nM(Ki)

In vitro

At drug concentrations that reflect the peak plasma concentration after Daunorubicin administration, the primary mechanism is likely to be through interaction with topoisomerase II, which may be a primary triggering event for growth arrest and/or cell killing through a signalling pathway leading to apoptosis, at least in leukemic cells and thymocytes. The quinone structure permits daunorubicin to act as electron acceptors in reactions mediated by oxoreductive enzymes including cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH dehydrogenase, and xanthine oxidase. At Daunorubicin concentrations exceeding approximately 2–4 μM, free radical mediated toxicity and DNA cross-linking may become evident. Daunorubicin inhibits both DNA and RNA syntheses in HeLa cells over a concentration range of 0.2 through 2 μM. Daunorubicin inhibits both DNA syntheses in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells over a concentration range of 4 μM. Daunorubic triggers apoptosis at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM in either HL-60 or U-937 human leukemic cells. ^[1] Daunorubicin stimulates ceramide elevation and apoptosis in P388 and U937 cells through de novo synthesis via activation of the enzyme ceramide synthase. ^[2] Daunorubicin dose-dependently increases the phosphatidylserine exposure and consequent procoagulant activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Daunorubicin (0.2 mM) significantly enhances the release of endothelial microparticles which are highly procoagulant in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ^[3]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
MDA MB 361(mammary carcinoma cell line)	MnLuR5l1d3SxeHnjxsBie3OjeR?=			NHe1RW9VcGViY3;tdI92dmRid3HzJJRme3SnZDDmc5IhcW62cnHj[YxtfWyjcjDjfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBOTEFiTVKgN\|YyMG2jbX3hdpkh[2G{Y3nuc41iKGOnbHygcIlv\SliZYjwdoV{e2mwZzDMZYNbKCikZYThMYdidGGldH;zbYRie2VrLDDJR\|UxRTF5IH7N	MnrtQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTB\|OUW0PVAoRjFyM{m1OFkxRC:jPh?=
P388 leukemia cell line	NEOycpREgXSxdH;4bYPDqGG\|c3H5			MkDKR49ueG:3bnSge4F{KGW4YXz1ZZRm\CCob4KgZ5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhWDN6ODDs[ZVs\W2rYTDj[YxtKGyrbnWsJGlEPTB;MzDuUS=>	NV;GcXVWRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUC0O\|kzQTdpPkGwOFc6Ojl5PD;hQi=>
Dx5 w/PSC cell lines	Mo\5S5Jwf3SqIHnubIljcXSrb36gZZN{[Xl?			MoTaWIhmKGOxbYDveY5lKHejczDleoFtfWG2ZXSg[o9zKHSqZTDndo94fGhiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBFgDVidz;QV2Mh[2WubDDsbY5meyC3c3nu[{BOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9NVQhdk1?	MUi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yODZ7OES0PUc,OTB4OUi0OFk9N2F-
MES-SA uterine tumor cell lines	NU\1dpZ4T3Kxd4ToJIlvcGmkaYTpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NH;qVWRVcGViY3;tdI92dmRid3HzJIV3[Wy3YYTl[EBnd3JidHjlJIdzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKE2HUz3TRUB2fGW{aX7lJJR2dW:{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeZNqdmdiTWTUJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxRTBwMEKxJO69VQ>?	MlLMQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTB4OUi0OFkoRjFyNkm4OFQ6RC:jPh?=
Dx5 cell lines	MXXHdo94fGhiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			MXfUbIUh[2:vcH;1coQhf2G\|IHX2ZYx2[XSnZDDmc5IhfGinIHfyc5d1cCCrbnjpZol1cW:wIH;mJGR5PSClZXzsJIxqdmW\|IIXzbY5oKE2WVDDhd5NigSxiaXO1NF0zKM7:TR?=	M13lUlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzFyNkm4OFQ6Lz5zME[5PFQ1QTxxYU6=
human epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB-3-1	M3ricmN6fG:2b4jpZ:Kh[XO\|YYm=			NX6yN3ZNUW5idnn0do8h[3m2b4TvfIlkKGGldHn2bZR6KHejczDleoFtfWG2ZXSgeZNqdmdidHjlJIh2dWGwIHXwbYRmem2xaXSgZ4Fz[2mwb33hJINmdGxibHnu[UBMSi1\|LUGsJGlEPTB;NzDuUS=>	MkDIQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTJ2NEO3OlMoRjF{NESzO\|Y{RC:jPh?=
human uterine sarcoma cell line MES-SA	NEnGXlREgXSxdH;4bYPDqGG\|c3H5			M4HBTWlvKH[rdILvJIN6fG:2b4jpZ{Bi[3Srdnn0fUB4[XNiZY\hcJVifGWmIIXzbY5oKHSqZTDoeY1idiC3dHXybY5mKHOjcnPvcYEh[2WubDDsbY5mKE2HUz3TRUwhUUN3ME2wMlA4KM7:TR?=	MVO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOjR2M{e2N{c,OTJ2NEO3OlM9N2F-
Jurkat T lymphocytes	M{H6VmN6fG:2b4jpZ:Kh[XO\|YYm=			NV3IVo9mS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiSoXyb4F1KFRibIntdIhw[3m2ZYOgZpkhVVSWIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwQVAvODh{NjFOwG0>	MX68ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPjN4Nk[wNkc,OTZ\|Nk[2NFI9N2F-
human HeLa3 cell line	MYnDfZRwfG:6aXRCpIF{e2G7			M{fKfWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGhmVGF\|IHPlcIwhdGmwZTDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9Nk46PiEQvF2=	NYL1WYZFRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMU[5OFIxOzdpPkG2PVQzODN5PD;hQi=>
NCI-H69 cell line	M{\5XXBzd2yrZnXyZZRqd25iYYPzZZk>			MUTBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IHTyeYche2Wwc3n0bZZmKE6FST3IOlkh[2WubDDsbY5mKGK7IFHsZY1ieiCEbIXlJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxRTBwMTFOwG0>	Mn[2QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTd{OE[zPVMoRjF5Mki2N\|k{RC:jPh?=
L1210	NX\zZ5F1TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NIX3NmFKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGLORUB{gW62aHXzbZMhcW5ibX;1d4UhVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVAhRSByLkOg{txONg>?	MYq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek81OjNzOEGnQlQzOzF6MUyvZV4>
L1210	NWq4PJdkTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NX6yVWpsUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDEUmEhe3mwdHjld4l{KGmwIH3veZNmKExzMkGwJINmdGy\|LDDFSFUxKD1iMTFOwG0v	M2LsTVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzR{M{G4NUc,PDJ\|MUixQE9iRg>?
L1210	NUizUJdJTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NIPrWoVKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGLORUB{gW62aHXzbZMhcW5ibX;1d4UhVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOgbY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCdM1jdeZJq\GmwZTDpcoNwenCxcnH0bY9vNCCHREWwJF0hOC5\|IN88UU4>	M4TCZVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzR7MEWzO{c,PDlyNUO3QE9iRg>?
L1210	NF;TUmVHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MVLJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKESQQTDzfY51cGW\|aYOgbY4hdW:3c3WgUFEzOTBiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBcO0ifdHj5cYllcW6nIHnuZ49zeG:{YYTpc44tKEWGNUCgQUAxNjRizszNMi=>	Mk\IQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwPDlyNUO3K\|41QTB3M{e8M4E,
L1210	NVO3elFwTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			M2KyTWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiW{PIYZVzcWSrbnWgbY5kd3Kyb4LheIlwdiCrboTvJJBzd2yrZnXyZZRqdmdiTEGyNVAh[2WubIOsJGVFPTBiPTCwMlM{KM7:TT6=	M{XLT\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzZ5MU[0NFEoRjZ5MU[0NFE9N2F-
L1210	M4fPfmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NX3HV49tUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDbN2hefGi7bXnkbY5mKGmwY3;ydI9z[XSrb36gbY51dyCycn;sbYZmemG2aX7nJGwyOjFyIHPlcIx{NCCHREWwJF0hOC54NjFOwG0v	MkPMQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwPjdzNkSwNUc,PjdzNkSwNVww[T5?
L1210	MUPGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			M17ncWRwe2VicnXxeYlz\WRidH:gbY5pcWKrdDD0bIUhWk6DIIP5cpRp\XOrczDpckBt\XWtZX3pZUBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyxiRVS1NEA:KDBwMzFOwG0v	M2HFflxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493Nzd{NUK5O\|YoRjd{NUK5O\|Y9N2F-
L1210	NVG0PW5MTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MnvLSI9{\SC{ZYH1bZJm\CC2bzDpcohq[mm2IITo[UBFVkFic4nueIhme2m\|IHnuJIxmfWunbXnhJGwyOjFyIHPlcIx{NCCHREWwJF0hOSEQvF2u	MXe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek84OjV{OUe2K\|44OjV{OUe2QE9iRg>?
MCF7	MXLDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		NF3ZV5o1QCCqcoO=	MlHUR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gUWNHPyClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC0PEBpenNiYomgUXRVKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyIE2gNE4zOiEQvF2u	MoixQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTdzOUC0OFcoRjF5MUmwOFQ4RC:jPh?=
MDA-MB-231	NGXVNGtEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		MnXsOFghcHK\|	NEeybJNEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBOTEFvTVKtNlMyKGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTBiPTCwMlI2KM7:TT6=	M4fZNVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5MUmwOFQ4Lz5zN{G5NFQ1PzxxYU6=
HeLa	MWXDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		NVPrd29wPDhiaILz	M1TLR2N6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGhmVGFiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JG1VXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3MDC9JFAvOzJizszNMi=>	MVW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPzF7MES0O{c,OTdzOUC0OFc9N2F-
PC-3	NEPVRoxEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NXOyNVZSPDhiaILz	MUHDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDQR{0{KGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTBiPTCwMlQ1KM7:TT6=	M4nCU\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5MUmwOFQ4Lz5zN{G5NFQ1PzxxYU6=
Yoshida sarcoma tumor cells	NGq0PYFHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			M4rhNmNwdmOnboTyZZRqd25iaX7obYJqfGmwZzDbN2heXGSUIHnuZ49zeG:{YYTpc44hcW5iWX;zbIll[SC\|YYLjc41iKHS3bX;yJINmdGy\|IHnuJJZqfHKxIHnuJJJifHNuIFnDOVAhRSByLkCyJO69VS5?	NYHjVIhuRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUOyNlk5Pid-MUOyNlk5PjxxYU6=
HL60	NHPoO3dCeG:ydH;zbZMh[XO\|YYm=			NYjQNWhXUW5idnn0do8h[2:wY3XueJJifGmxbjDy[ZF2cXKnZDD0c{BqdmS3Y3WgZZBweHSxc3nzJIlvKEiONkCgZ4VtdHNuIFHDOVAhRSByLkC0JO69VS5?	MUm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOjh5N{W5N{c,OTJ6N{e1PVM9N2F-
HL60R	MXLBdI9xfG:\|aYOgZZN{[Xl?			NU\pboN3UW5idnn0do8h[2:wY3XueJJifGmxbjDy[ZF2cXKnZDD0c{BqdmS3Y3WgZZBweHSxc3nzJIlvKEiONkDSJINmdGy\|LDDBR\|UxKD1iMUCg{txONg>?	M2nXXFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF{OEe3OVk{Lz5zMki3O\|U6OzxxYU6=
HL60	MVjDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=			MlPHR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gTGw3OCClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC0PEBpenNiYomgeJJ6eGGwIHLseYUh\XilbIXzbY9vKG2ndHjv[EwhSUN3MDC9JFAvOSEQvF2u	MXW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQDN\|OUS1OUc,OTh\|M{m0OVU9N2F-
HL60	MUTBdI9xfG:\|aYOgZZN{[Xl?			MWDJcoR2[3Srb36gc4Yh[XCxcITvd4l{KGmwIH31cJRq\HK3ZzDy[ZNqe3SjboSgbJVu[W5iSFy2NEBk\WyuczDh[pRmeiB2ODDodpMtKEGFNUCgQUA{QCEQvF2u	NXLNRoJtRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUizN\|k1PTVpPkG4N\|M6PDV3PD;hQi=>
HTB-81	M2LzUGN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>			NIrod3hEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHlidHjheEBk[XW\|ZXSgZUA2OCVicnXkeYN1cW:wIHnuJIFje2:{YnHuZ4Uh[XRiNEmwJI5uKGmwIHj1cYFvKHC{b4P0ZZRmKGOjbnPldkBJXEJvOEGgZ4VtdHNidYPpcochVVSVIHHzd4F6NCCHQ{WwJF0hOC5yNUig{txONg>?	MY[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOTB{MEK4OUc,OTFyMkCyPFU9N2F-
B16	MlzIR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5			M2nB[2N6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSC2aHH0JINifXOnZDDhJFUxLSC{ZXT1Z5Rqd25iaX6gZYJ{d3KkYX7j[UBifCB2OUCgco0hcW5iQkG2JI1wfXOnIH3lcIFvd22jIHPlcIx{KHW\|aX7nJG1VWyCjc4PhfUwhTUN3MDC9JFAvOTZizszNMi=>	MV28ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOTB{MEK4OUc,OTFyMkCyPFU9N2F-
fibroblast (NHF) cells	MoO0R5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5			MVjDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkhfGijdDDjZZV{\WRiYTC1NEUhemWmdXP0bY9vKGmwIHHid49z[mGwY3WgZZQhPDlyIH7tJIlvKG6xcn3hcEBpfW2jbjDmbYJzd2KuYYP0JEhPUEZrIHPlcIx{KHW\|aX7nJG1VWyCjc4PhfUwhTUN3MDC9JFAvOjJizszNMi=>	M3;xWlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzFzMEKwNlg2Lz5zMUCyNFI5PTxxYU6=
L1210	MYrGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		NF3DNVc{KGi{cx?=	NXnUTGNjUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDEUmEhe3mwdHjld4l{KGmwIH3veZNmKExzMkGwJINmdGy\|IIDy[Ylv[3WkYYTl[EBnd3JiMzDodpMh\m:ubH;3[YQh[nliW{PIYU11cHmvaXTpcoUh[WSmaYTpc44hdWWjc4Xy[YQh[W[2ZYKgNUBpeiCkeTDzZ4lvfGmubHH0bY9vKHOyZXP0do9u\XS{aXOgZY5idHm\|aYOsJGVFPTBiPTCwMlMh\|ryPLh?=	MlnGQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTd4M{W5K\|4yPzZ\|NUm8M4E,
L1210	NFTuXmtHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NITvOGI{KGi{cx?=	M4\QeWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiUl7BJJN6dnSqZYPpd{BqdiCvb4Xz[UBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyCycnXpcoN2[mG2ZXSg[o9zKDNiaILzJIZwdGyxd3XkJIJ6KFt\|SG2teZJq\GmwZTDh[IRqfGmxbjDt[YF{fXKnZDDh[pRmeiBzIHjyJIJ6KHOlaX70bYxt[XSrb36gd5Bm[3S{b33leJJq[yCjbnHsfZNqeyxiRVS1NEA:KDBwMzFOwG0v	NWnHfI1xRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUe2N\|U6Lz5zN{[zOVk9N2F-
L1210	MXzGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			MnztTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCUTlGgd5lvfGinc3nzJIlvKG2xdYPlJGwyOjFyIHPlcIx{NCCHREWwJF0hOC5\|MzFOwG0v	NGftRlg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi92MkOxPFIoRjR{M{G4Nlww[T5?
L1210	MYfGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			MW\Jcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKESQQTDzfY51cGW\|aYOgbY4hdW:3c3WgUFEzOTBiY3XscJMtKEWGNUCgQUAxNjZ4IN88UU4>	M1LjO\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzR{M{G4Nkc,PDJ\|MUiyQE9iRg>?
L1210	Mln6SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			MXfJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKFKQQTDzfY51cGW\|aYOgbY4hdW:3c3WgUFEzOTBiY3XscJMtKEWGNUCgQUAxNjN\|IN88UU4>	NXTQUG86RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxNEmwOVM3Lz52OUC1N\|Y9N2F-
L1210	NHWyOo9HfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NH3mdpFKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFTORUB{gW62aHXzbZMhcW5ibX;1d4UhVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVAhRSByLk[2JO69VS5?	NHLtNZk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi92OUC1N\|YoRjR7MEWzOlww[T5?
L1210	NH7SNGNHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MkLVTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCUTlGgd5lvfGinc3nzJIlvKG2xdYPlJGwyOjFyIHPlcIx{NCCHREWwJF0hOC5{MzFOwG0v	M1LGPVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzZ7MEm5PUc,PjlyOUm5QE9iRg>?
L1210	M3vZcmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NWWw[WRsUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDEUmEhe3mwdHjld4l{KGmwIH3veZNmKExzMkGwJINmdGy\|LDDFSFUxKD1iMD60PEDPxE1w	MV28ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek83QTB7OUmnQlY6ODl7OUyvZV4>
L1210	NWLURYJvTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MmHQR49ueG:3bnSge4F{KGW4YXz1ZZRm\CCob4KgeIhmKDVyJTDpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKHSqZTDpcoNwenCxcnH0bY9vKG:oIGuzTH0uKHSqeX3p[Ilv\SCrbjD0bIUhWk6DIDjpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKHO7boTo[ZNqeyCrbjDs[ZVs\W2rYTDMNVIyOCClZXzsd{ktKEWGNUCgQUAxNjN\|IN88UU4>	NWLNPZp4RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxM{e2NVMzPSd-M{e2NVMzPTxxYU6=
L1210	NHfkZVhHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NVra[HV3S2:vcH;1coQhf2G\|IHX2ZYx2[XSnZDDmc5IhfGinIEWwKUBqdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIITo[UBqdmOxcoDvdoF1cW:wIH;mJHs{UF1vIITofY1q\GmwZTDpckB1cGViRF7BJEhqdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIIP5cpRp\XOrczDpckBt\XWtZX3pZUBNOTJzMDDj[YxteyluIFXEOVAhRSByLk[2JO69VS5?	NWH5XXI{RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxM{e2NVMzPSd-M{e2NVMzPTxxYU6=
L1210	NW\0XItHTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MkDWR49v[2WwdILheIlwdiCxZjDkdpVoKG6nY3Xzd4FzgSC2bzDy[YR2[2ViYomgOVAmKHSqZTDpcoNwenCxcnH0bY9vKG:oIITybZRq[XSnZDD1dollcW6nIHnuJJRp\SCUTlGgc4Yh[WO2aY\lcJkh\3Kxd3nu[{BNOTJzMDDj[YxteyxiRVS1NEA:KDBwM{Og{txONg>?	NE\XXGU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi95MEi2PFE3Lz55MEi2PFE3RC:jPh?=
L1210	M3\CVmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MUTDc45k\W62cnH0bY9vKG:oIHTyeYchdmWlZYPzZZJ6KHSxIILl[JVk\SCkeTC1NEUhfGinIHnuZ49zeG:{YYTpc44hd2ZidILpeIlifGWmIITofY1q\GmwZTDpckB1cGViRF7BJI9nKGGldHn2[Yx6KGe{b4fpcochVDF{MUCgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVAhRSByLk[2JO69VS5?	NELzVpU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi95MEi2PFE3Lz55MEi2PFE3RC:jPh?=
NCI60	M2r5[mdzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NUfXVo5PT3Kxd4ToJIlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hVkOLNkCgZ4VtdHNuIFfJOVAhRSByLkC0OEDPxE1w	MYq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQTl2NE[xNkc,OTl7NES2NVI9N2F-
MDA-MB-231	Mn:zR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		Mo\JO\|IhcHK\|	MXrDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDNSGEuVUJvMkOxJINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDd{IHjyd{BjgSC\|dXzmc5Jpd2SjbXnu[UBDKGG\|c3H5MEBIUTVyIE2gNE4xOiEQvF2u	NEDVWFg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOUm2PFI2QCd-MUm5OlgzPTh:L3G+
HT-29	NU\y[Jd1S3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		M3jNVlczKGi{cx?=	NHX2[mREgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBJXC1{OTDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA4OiCqcoOgZpkhe3WuZn;ybI9l[W2rbnWgRkBie3OjeTygS2k2OCB;IECuNFch\|ryPLh?=	NIK5TXI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOUm2PFI2QCd-MUm5OlgzPTh:L3G+
A549	MoDNR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		MWm3NkBpenN?	M{HzSmN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGE2PDliY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgO\|IhcHK\|IHL5JJN2dG[xcnjv[IFucW6nIFKgZZN{[XluIFfJOVAhRSByLkC4JO69VS5?	NFu3blY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOUm2PFI2QCd-MUm5OlgzPTh:L3G+
K562	NGPyUGpEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NHTrTGc4OiCqcoO=	MWHDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDLOVYzKGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IEeyJIhzeyCkeTDYWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGdKPTBiPTCwMlAxPzRizszNMi=>	Mn\jQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjB3OUG2O\|goRjJyNUmxOlc5RC:jPh?=
NCI-H460	MUPDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		MWG3NkBpenN?	NHLUXmpEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBPS0lvSES2NEBk\WyuczDh[pRmeiB5MjDodpMh[nliWGTUJIF{e2G7LDDHTVUxKD1iMD6zPEDPxE1w	MkLnQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjB3OUG2O\|goRjJyNUmxOlc5RC:jPh?=
SF268	Moi3R5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		NGLhNJk4OiCqcoO=	NGPTNI1EgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBUTjJ4ODDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA4OiCqcoOgZpkhYFSWIHHzd4F6NCCJSUWwJF0hOC54IN88UU4>	MVO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zODV7MU[3PEc,OjB3OUG2O\|g9N2F-
MCF7	NHq4XmlEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		MXy3NkBpenN?	NYHpe3RLS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hVUOINzDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA4OiCqcoOgZpkhYFSWIHHzd4F6NCCJSUWwJF0hOC56NjFOwG0v	M4rxfVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJyNUmxOlc5Lz5{MEW5NVY4QDxxYU6=
Detroit 551	NFToZVJEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NVuxVW9VPzJiaILz	NGnYZY1EgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBF\XS{b3n0JFU2OSClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC3NkBpenNiYomgXHRVKGG\|c3H5MEBIUTVyIE2gNU44PyEQvF2u	MmHNQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjB3OUG2O\|goRjJyNUmxOlc5RC:jPh?=
HL60	MWjDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		MnTCOFghcHK\|	M4HYOmN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGhNPjBiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiZ4Lve5RpKGmwaHnibZRqd25iYX\0[ZIhPDhiaILzJIJ6KHS{eYDhckBjdHWnIIP0ZYlvcW6pLXLhd4VlKGinbX;jfZRwdWW2cnnjJIFv[Wy7c3nzMEBIUTVyIE2gNE4yKM7:TT6=	M2T2d\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3OEe0N\|M2Lz5{NUi3OFM{PTxxYU6=
HL60R	M2q5VWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>		M4r1[lQ5KGi{cx?=	MYTDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDIUFYxWiClZXzsd{BmgHC{ZYPzbY5oKHBvZ3z5Z49xem:2ZXnuJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGe{b4f0bEBqdmirYnn0bY9vKGGodHXyJFQ5KGi{czDifUB1enmyYX6gZox2\SC\|dHHpcolv\y2kYYPl[EBp\W2xY4n0c41mfHKrYzDhcoFtgXOrczygS2k2OCB;IEO4JO69VS5?	MYG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTh5NEOzOUc,OjV6N{SzN\|U9N2F-
P388	NXP3S2Q2SW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=		M1[5dVQ5KGi{cx?=	NUDSN5l6SW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[WO2aY\peJkh[WejaX7zeEBud3W\|ZTDQN\|g5KGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTBiPTCwMlAzQCEQvF2u	M4LhPFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ5N{i0OFkoRjJ5N{i0OFk9N2F-
HT-29	Mo\IRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZZN{[Xl?		M4TrV\|k3KGi{cx?=	MVvBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IHj1cYFvKEiWLUK5JINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDl4IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVAhRSByLkGzN{DPxE1w	NEDR[5c9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{N{e4OFQ6Lz5{N{e4OFQ6RC:jPh?=
HeLa	M{S5ZWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MX7UVH9VWkGQU2DPVnRGWjpiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBGOjF5YnX0ZWchfXC2YXvlJEhGOjF5YnX0ZWc7KDBwMEWgeW0qKGmwIH3lcYJz[W6nII\ld4lkdGViZoLvcUBOWlBzLXX4dJJme3OrbnegTIVN[SClZXzsd{whUUN3MDC9JFgh\|ryPLh?=	NIPONog9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi96NkKxOlQ1Lz56NkKxOlQ1RC:jPh?=
breast carcinoma line cells	MoXRSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NXzy[pVl[2:vcH;1coQhf2G\|IITld5Rm\CCrbjD2bZRzdyCob4KgbY5pcWKrdHnvckBi[3Srdnn0fUBi\2GrboP0JIEhe2Wwc3n0bZZmKGi3bXHuJIJz\WG\|dDDjZZJkcW6xbXGgcIlv\SClZXzsd{whUUN3MDC9JFAvODZizszNMi=>	M1P4[FxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493Nzl{NUizOVEoRjl{NUizOVE9N2F-
breast carcinoma line cells	MmXrSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			MlfBZ49ueG:3bnSge4F{KHSnc4Tl[EBqdiC4aYTyc{Bnd3JiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IHTvfI9zfWKrY3nuJJJme2m\|dHHueEBkd3WwdHXydIFzfCCxZjDoeY1idiCkcnXhd5Qh[2G{Y3nuc41iKGyrbnWgZ4VtdHNuIFnDOVAhRSB{IN88UU4>	NVn5dYlmRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxOUK1PFM2OSd-OUK1PFM2OTxxYU6=
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MG 63 (6-TG R)	Mlz2dWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			MmXUdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKE2JIE[zJEg3NVSJIGKpJINmdGy\|	M2LKZlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
fibroblast cells	M3LFWZFJXFNiYYPzZZk>			MVPxTHRUKG:oIIDl[IlifHKrYzDjZY5k\XJiY3XscEBtcW6nczD0c{Bq\GWwdHnmfUBufWy2aYDs[UBweHCxcoT1col1cWW\|IH\vdkBlenWpIILldJVzeG:\|aX7nPkBRemmvYYL5JJNkemWnbjDmc5Ih[2:wdILvcEBJcCC5aXzkJJR6eGViZnnido9jdGG\|dDDj[Yxtew>?	MlnhQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
Rh41	Mn;QdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			MVnxTHRUKG:oIIDl[IlifHKrYzDjZY5k\XJiY3XscEBtcW6nczD0c{Bq\GWwdHnmfUBufWy2aYDs[UBweHCxcoT1col1cWW\|IH\vdkBlenWpIILldJVzeG:\|aX7nPkBRemmvYYL5JJNkemWnbjDmc5IhWmh2MTDj[Yxtew>?	Mne3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
P388	M3vPNGFvfGm2dX3vdkBie3OjeR?=	MX2wMlI2KHSxIEGwJI1oN2up		M3v4RmFvfGm2dX3vdkBi[3Srdnn0fUBi\2GrboP0JI1wfXOnIGCzPFgh[2WubIOgZYxtd2e{YX\0[YQhcW5ibX;1d4Uh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNidIXtc5Ih\3Kxd4ToJIlvcGmkaYTpc44h[XRiMD6yOUB1dyBzMDDt[{9s\w>?	M3e5O\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF{NUW2OlEoRjF{NUW2OlE9N2F-

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	p-Chk1 / Chk1 / p-ATR / ATR ; PubMed: 26727128 PLoS One After Caco-2 cells were treated with or without 1 μ M daunorubicin, whole cell extracts were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and immunoblotted for Chk1, p-Chk1, ATR, and p-ATR. β-actin served as the loading control.	26727128
Immunofluorescence	p-Chk1; PubMed: 26727128 PLoS One Caco-2 cells were treated with or without 1 μ M daunorubicin for 48 h, and then fixed and stained with anti-p-Chk1 antibody and DAPI. Images were collected under a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar = 10 μm.	26727128
Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability; PubMed: 30745844 Int J Biol Sci (A) Viability of AML cell lines under different concentrations of Dnr according to the CCK-8 assay. (B) IC50 of AML cell lines calculated according to the result of the CCK-8 assay.	30745844

Protocol

References

[4] Tardi P, et al. Leuk Res, 2009, 33(1), 129-139.

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	100 mg/mL (177.31 mM)
	Water	100 mg/mL (177.31 mM)
	Ethanol	Insoluble
In vivo	Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations): Saline For best results, use promptly after mixing.	30 mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Daunorubicin HCl SDF

Molecular Weight	563.98
Formula	C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₀ . HCl
CAS No.	23541-50-6
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	Daunomycin HCl, RP 13057 HCl, Rubidomycin HCl
Smiles	CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O.Cl

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage

mg/kg

Average weight of animals

Dosing volume per animal

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (Different batches have different solubility ratios, please contact Selleck to provide you with the correct ratio)

% DMSO+ % + % Tween 80+ % ddH₂O

Calculate Reset

Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and MSDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and MSDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):

Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2021-01-06)

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT04562792	Recruiting	Drug: Daunorubicin	Relapsed Pediatric ALL\|Relapsed Pediatric AML\|Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia\|Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	Children''s Mercy Hospital Kansas City	May 8 2020	Phase 2
NCT03878927	Recruiting	Drug: CPX-351\|Drug: Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin	Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Weill Medical College of Cornell University\|Jazz Pharmaceuticals\|Pfizer	August 23 2019	Phase 1
NCT03896269	Recruiting	Drug: Liposome-encapsulated Daunorubicin-Cytarabine	Blasts 10-19 Percent of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells\|Blasts More Than 5 Percent of Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells\|High Risk Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia\|Recurrent Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia\|Recurrent High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome\|Refractory Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia\|Refractory High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	May 14 2019	Phase 1

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

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Daunorubicin HCl