Clofarabine
For research use only.
Catalog No.S1218
11 publications
CAS No. 123318-82-1
Clofarabine inhibits the enzymatic activities of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (IC50 = 65 nM) and DNA polymerase. Clofarabine induces autophagy and apoptosis.
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Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates of NCI-H929 cells treated with CLO (5 μM, 3-48 h) GAPDH served as the loading control for each membrane, and data are representative of at least two independent experiments
Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 23(17):5225-5237. Clofarabine purchased from Selleck.
Population-based pharmacokinetic modeling of plasma pharmacokinetic study and cerebral microdialysis study. Representative individual plasma and/or tumor ECF concentration-time profile of unbound clofarabine from plasma pharmacokinetic study (a) and cerebral microdialysis study (b) (open circles and triangles represent observed clofarabine unbound plasma and tumor ECF concentrations, respectively; Dotted and solid lines represent model-predicted individual unbound plasma and tumor ECF concentrations, respectively). Box plot comparison of individual volume of peripheral compartment (c) and systemic clearance (d) between plasma pharmacokinetic study (45 mg/kg clofarabine) and cerebral microdialysis study (30 mg/kg clofarabine).
Cancer Chemoth Pharm, 2015, 75:897-906.. Clofarabine purchased from Selleck.
Purity & Quality Control
Choose Selective DNA/RNA Synthesis Inhibitors
Biological Activity
| Description | Clofarabine inhibits the enzymatic activities of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (IC50 = 65 nM) and DNA polymerase. Clofarabine induces autophagy and apoptosis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Targets |
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| In vitro |
Clofarabine is efficiently transported into cells via two facilitative or equilibrative nucleoside transporters, hENT1 and hENT2, and a concentrative nucleoside transporter, hCNT253. Clofarabine is phosphorylated in a stepwise manner by cytosolic kinases to the nucleotide analogues clofarabine 5′-mono-, di- and triphosphate following entry into cells, with Clofarabine triphosphate being the active form. Clofarabine 5′-mono-, di- and triphosphate are not substrates for nucleoside transporters and must be enzymatically converted by 5′-nucleotidase back to their dephosphorylated nucleoside form for transport out of the cell. Clofarabine triphosphate is a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (IC50 = 65 nM), presumably by binding to the allosteric site on the regulatory subunit. Clofarabine has also been shown to act directly on mitochondria by altering the transmembrane potential with release of cytochrome c, apoptotic-inducing factor (AIF), apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1) and caspase 9 into the cytosol. Clofarabine demonstrates strong in vitro growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity (IC50 values = 0.028–0.29 μM) in a wide variety of leukaemia and solid tumour cell lines. Clofarabine has been shown to increase the activity of dCK in HL60 cells, and increases the formation of the mono-, di-, and triphosphates of ara-C in K562 cells36. [1] Clofarabine (10 μM) inhibits the repair initiated by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), with inhibition peaking at the intracellular concentrations of 5 μM in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes. Clofarabine (10 μM) combined with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) produces more than additive apoptotic cell death than the sum of each alone. [2] Clofarabine (1 μM) combined with ara-C (10 μM) results in a biochemical modulation of ara-CTP and synergistic cell kill in K562 cells. [3] |
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| Cell Data |
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| In vivo | Clofarabine administered intraperitoneally has significant activity against a wide variety of human tumour xenografts implanted subcutaneously in athymic nude or severe combined immune deficiency mice. [1] |
Protocol
Solubility (25°C)
| In vitro | DMSO | 60 mg/mL (197.57 mM) |
|---|---|---|
| Water | Insoluble | |
| Ethanol | Insoluble | |
| In vivo | Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations): 2% DMSO+30% PEG 300 +1% Tween 80+ddH2O For best results, use promptly after mixing. |
8mg/mL |
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
Chemical Information
| Molecular Weight | 303.68 |
|---|---|
| Formula | C10H11ClFN5O3 |
| CAS No. | 123318-82-1 |
| Storage |
powder in solvent |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Smiles | C1=NC2=C(N=C(N=C2N1C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)F)Cl)N |
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
| Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment) | ||||||||||
| Dosage | mg/kg |  |
Average weight of animals | g | |
Dosing volume per animal | ul | |
Number of animals | |
| Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation () | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % ddH2O | ||||||||||
| CalculateReset | ||||||||||
Calculation results:
Working concentration： mg/ml；
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL，)
Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
Bio Calculators
Molarity Calculator
Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:
Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)
*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and MSDS / COA (available on product pages).
Dilution Calculator
Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )
* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and MSDS / COA (available online).
Molecular Weight Calculator
Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
Molarity Calculator
Clinical Trial Information
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03609814 | Active not recruiting | -- | Hematologic Malignancies|Nonmalignant Diseases|Immunodeficiencies|Hemoglobinopathies|Genetic Inborn Errors of Metabolism|Fanconi''s Anemia|Thalassemia|Sickle Cell Disease | University of California San Francisco | February 2016 | -- |
| NCT02425904 | Active not recruiting | Drug: Clofarabine | Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|Sanofi|St. Baldrick''s Foundation|Cookies for Kids'' Cancer|North American Consortium for Histiocytosis | May 2015 | Phase 2 |
Tech Support
Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.
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