Epirubicin (IMI 28) HCl

Name: Epirubicin (IMI 28) HCl
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1223
Rating: 5 (20 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S1223 Synonyms: NSC 256942, 4'-epidoxorubicin HCl

20 publications

Epirubicin (IMI 28) HCl Chemical Structure

CAS No. 56390-09-1

Epirubicin HCl (IMI 28, NSC 256942, 4'-epidoxorubicin), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, is an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin induces apoptosis.

Selleck's Epirubicin (IMI 28) HCl has been cited by 20 publications

Cancer Cell, 2021, S1535-6108(20)30609-7

PubMed: 33417832 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell, 2019, 36(2):179-193

PubMed: 28162770 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2019, 36(2):179-193

PubMed: 31378681 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2021, 34(10):108814

PubMed: 33691114 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Oncol, 2021, 11:661157

PubMed: 34178646 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(3)1362

PubMed: 33572999 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z

PubMed: 34304386 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomolecules, 2021, 11(2)246

PubMed: 33572239 ( click the link to review the publication )

NPJ Breast Cancer, 2021, 7(1):38

PubMed: 33824328 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58

PubMed: 32099531 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00425-8

PubMed: 32886306 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00420-z

PubMed: 32870449 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Med Chem, 2020, 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01888

PubMed: 32803970 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Nanomedicine, 2019, 14:1241-1254

PubMed: 30863057 ( click the link to review the publication )

Ann Transl Med, 2019, 7(9):200

PubMed: 31205918 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochemistry, 2019, 58(1):54-64

PubMed: 30480442 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 7(1):161-184

PubMed: 30522949 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell Int, 2018, 18:118

PubMed: 30140169 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2018, Oncotarget

PubMed: 30647844 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2017,

PubMed: 29190892 ( click the link to review the publication )

Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Epirubicin HCl (IMI 28, NSC 256942, 4'-epidoxorubicin), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, is an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin induces apoptosis.

Targets

Topoisomerase ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

In vitro

Epirubicin, like doxorubicin, exerts its antitumor effects by complex with DNA, resulting in damage to DNA and interference with the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Epirubicin may also affect the integrity and activity of cellular membranes. Maximal cell kill caused by Epirubicin occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle. With higher concentrations effects are also seen in early G2 as well as G1 and M phases. ^[1] Epirubicin display antineoplastic activity against most cancer cells. Epirubicin is cytotoxic to Hepatoma G2 cells with IC50 of 1.6 μg/mL at 24hr. 1.6 μg/mL Epirubicin induces apoptosis of Hep G2 cells, and higher activity of catalase by 50%, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase by 110%, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase by 172% and Mn-superoxide dismutase by 135%. Epirbicin increases the cellular expression of NADPH-CYP 450 reductase, and reduces GST-π expression. ^[2]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
NCI-H460	NHXJSIJEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		MUG0PEBpenN?	M1P6emN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJG5EUS2KNE[wJINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDR6IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVA:OC5yMt88UU4>	NFTHOGk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUe2O\|k4PSd-Mkm3Olc6PzV:L3G+
HepG2	NWHqcXIyS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		NIjCVVY1QCCqcoO=	NEHNRW5EgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBJ\XCJMjDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA1QCCqcoOgZpkhVVSWIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwQVAvOc7:TT6=	NH\xUmY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUe2O\|k4PSd-Mkm3Olc6PzV:L3G+
MCF10A	NGXndWREgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NV\WT5dtPDhiaILz	MYPDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDNR2YyOEFiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JG1VXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3ME2wMlHPxE1w	M3nUelxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7N{[3PVc2Lz5{OUe2O\|k4PTxxYU6=
NCI-H460	MVzDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		MVq0PEBpenN?	NHGwfWNEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBPS0lvSES2NEBk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{Boem:5dHigbY5pcWKrdHnvckBi\nSncjC0PEBpenNiYomgUXRVKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyPUCuNVLPxE1w	MU[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQDFzOUCyOkc,OjhzMUmwNlY9N2F-
NCI-H460	NGHRUHREgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		MoHDO\|IhcHK\|	NVXsTVlHS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHnuJIh2dWGwIF7DTU1JPDZyIHPlcIx{KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IILl[JVkfGmxbjDpckBk\WyuII\pZYJqdGm2eTDpcoN2[mG2ZXSg[o9zKDd{IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVA:OC5zMt88UU4>	Mn7BQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOzF{NUG2NlEoRjNzMkWxOlIyRC:jPh?=
MCF10A	M{G1W2N6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>		MXK0PEBpenN?	NGm5clVEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBOS0ZzMFGgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOg[5Jwf3SqIHnubIljcXSrb36gZYZ1\XJiNEigbJJ{KGK7IF3UWEBie3OjeTygTWM2OD1yLkGz{txONg>?	NEX2dFE9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OEGxPVAzPid-MkixNVkxOjZ:L3G+
MCF-7	M4HWWGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			M{TNR2NwdXCxdX7kJJdieyC2ZYP0[YQh\m:{IHn0d{B1d3irY3n0fUBi\2GrboP0JIh2dWGwIHLy[YF{fCClYX7j[ZIh[2WubIOoUWNHNTdrLDDJR\|UxRTBwMt88UU4>	M{K3dlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493Nzl3NEi4NlAoRjl3NEi4NlA9N2F-
MDA-MB-435	NFPaVnlEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		Mn;IOFghcHK\|	M3TZdmN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJG1FSS2PQj20N\|Uh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMh\3Kxd4ToJIlvcGmkaYTpc44h[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JG1VXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3ME2wMlI3\|ryPLh?=	NHrPVHg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OEGxPVAzPid-MkixNVkxOjZ:L3G+
MDA-MB-435	NIq1dYlEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		M4TGW\|czKGi{cx?=	NGf6dJVEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliaX6gbJVu[W5iTVTBMW1DNTR\|NTDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDy[YR2[3Srb36gbY4h[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgbY5kfWKjdHXkJIZweiB5MjDodpMh[nliTWTUJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxRTBwMkdOwG0v	MVW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8{OTJ3MU[yNUc,OzF{NUG2NlE9N2F-
HepG2	M4TaNWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>		MoXCOFghcHK\|	MmPsR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gTIVxTzJiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiZ4Lve5RpKGmwaHnibZRqd25iYX\0[ZIhPDhiaILzJIJ6KE2WVDDhd5NigSxiSVO1NF0xNjN{zszNMi=>	MkLTQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjhzMUmwNlYoRjJ6MUG5NFI3RC:jPh?=
HCT116	MkPvR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		NWXWbWxvPDhiaILz	NV72blhIS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hUEOWMUG2JINmdGy\|IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJIdzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTB;MD6zO:69VS5?	NVPKPFZ7RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkixNVkxOjZpPkK4NVE6ODJ4PD;hQi=>
HCT116	NVziZ5NrS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		MV:3NkBpenN?	NGm1O3hEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliaX6gbJVu[W5iSFPUNVE3KGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KHKnZIXjeIlwdiCrbjDj[YxtKH[rYXLpcIl1gSCrbnP1ZoF1\WRiZn;yJFczKGi{czDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9NE4{P87:TT6=	M2DqSlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzNzMkWxOlIyLz5\|MUK1NVYzOTxxYU6=
HCT116	MojGR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		M3zRUlQ5KGi{cx?=	NUnufWl[S3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hUEOWMUG2JINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDR6IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVA:OC52zszNMi=>	NXHTTI9{RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm3Olc6PzVpPkK5O\|Y4QTd3PD;hQi=>
HeLa	NUG3R4pYS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		MorqO\|IhcHK\|	MV;DfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDI[WxiKGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGSnY4LlZZNmKGmwIHPlcIwhfmmjYnnsbZR6KGGodHXyJFczKGi{czDifUBOXFNiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9NE41Os7:TT6=	MmjtQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjd3NkC2PVUoRjJ5NU[wOlk2RC:jPh?=
PC3	NETV[W9EgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NES0Wlg3KGSjeYO=	NYTIOYZQS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hWEN\|IHPlcIx{KGGodHXyJFYh\GG7czDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9NE41Ps7:TT6=	NX\USZlrRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKyO\|Y3PzlpPkKyNlc3Pjd7PD;hQi=>
HEK293T	NEXye25EgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		NFrG[Ig4OiCqcoO=	M3;VOmN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KEiHS{K5N3Qh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMh\GWlcnXhd4UhcW5iY3XscEB3cWGkaXzpeJkh[W[2ZYKgO\|IhcHK\|IHL5JG1VWyCjc4PhfUwhUUN3ME2wMlQ4\|ryPLh?=	MmXEQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjd3NkC2PVUoRjJ5NU[wOlk2RC:jPh?=
A549	MVzDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		MmjZO\|IhcHK\|	M2LEZWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGE2PDliY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiZHXjdoVie2ViaX6gZ4VtdCC4aXHibYxqfHliYX\0[ZIhPzJiaILzJIJ6KE2WUzDhd5NigSxiSVO1NF0xNjZ\|zszNMi=>	NU\DPXM1RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMke1OlA3QTVpPkK3OVYxPjl3PD;hQi=>
MDA-MB-435	MVfDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		MkDqOFghcHK\|	NYnOVZdFS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hVUSDLV3CMVQ{PSClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC0PEBpenNiYomgUXRVKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyPUCuO:69VS5?	M1;BPVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7N{[3PVc2Lz5{OUe2O\|k4PTxxYU6=
MCF7	MoHzR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		NFHkdpA4OiCqcoO=	MVnDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDNR2Y4KGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGSnY4LlZZNmKGmwIHPlcIwhfmmjYnnsbZR6KGGodHXyJFczKGi{czDifUBOXFNiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9NE44Oc7:TT6=	M13SUlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ5NU[wOlk2Lz5{N{W2NFY6PTxxYU6=
HCT116	M3TaNWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>		NVvreIZQPiCmYYnz	M2nKSWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGhEXDFzNjDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA3KGSjeYOgZpkhVVSWIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwQVAvQDMQvF2u	NYH6co8zRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKyO\|Y3PzlpPkKyNlc3Pjd7PD;hQi=>
MDA-MB-231	NYTz[IpMS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		NUDIV4JnPDhiaILz	NVH6V\|FKS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hVUSDLV3CMVI{OSClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC0PEBpenNiYomgUXRVKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyPUCuPe69VS5?	NWTBdGlDRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm3Olc6PzVpPkK5O\|Y4QTd3PD;hQi=>
Hep3B	MWrDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[XO\|YYm=		MkXEOkBl[Xm\|	NWPL[45bS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hUGWyM1KgZ4VtdHNiYX\0[ZIhPiCmYYnzJIJ6KE2WVDDhd5NigSxiSVO1NF0xNjl4zszNMi=>	MVi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOjJ5Nk[3PUc,OjJ{N{[2O\|k9N2F-
HepG2	M2\GVWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>		MV:3NkBpenN?	NU\FbHNtS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hUGWyR{KgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOg[IVkemWjc3WgbY4h[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgZYZ1\XJiN{KgbJJ{KGK7IF3UV{Bie3OjeTygTWM2OD1zLkROwG0v	M4DlR\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ5NU[wOlk2Lz5{N{W2NFY6PTxxYU6=
HepG2	MkDSR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		NHHafIQ3KGSjeYO=	NWe0VGhHS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hUGWyR{KgZ4VtdHNiYX\0[ZIhPiCmYYnzJIJ6KE2WVDDhd5NigSxiSVO1NF0yNjZ3zszNMi=>	MX68ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOjJ5Nk[3PUc,OjJ{N{[2O\|k9N2F-
SNB19	NIjWfWFEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>		MV63NkBpenN?	MX7DfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkhcW5iaIXtZY4hW06EMUmgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOgdoVlfWO2aX;uJIlvKGOnbHygeoli[mmuaYT5JIlv[3WkYYTl[EBnd3JiN{KgbJJ{KGK7IF3UWEBie3OjeTygTWM2OD1{LkROwG0v	NFXYRnM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9\|MUK1NVYzOSd-M{GyOVE3OjF:L3G+
MCF7	NXr0ZnVwSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=		NGTFfG01QCCqcoO=	NYTHfoxHSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[WO2aY\peJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDNR2Y4KGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTB;Mz63{txONg>?	NV7pO5hqRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOyPFcxPTdpPkKzNlg4ODV5PD;hQi=>
NIH/3T3	NH3tcWpCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		M1H3TVQ5KGi{cx?=	MWjBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IH3veZNmKE6LSD:zWFMh[2WubIOgZYZ1\XJiNEigbJJ{KGK7IF3UWEBie3OjeTygTWM2OD12LkNOwG0v	M4nnSVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|Mki3NFU4Lz5{M{K4O\|A2PzxxYU6=
T47D	NVnKWFZUSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=		M{jUTlQ5KGi{cx?=	NUjBblhCSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[WO2aY\peJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDUOFdFKGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTB;ND6z{txONg>?	MUO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzJ6N{C1O{c,OjN{OEewOVc9N2F-
HepG2	NGX6ZphCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		NWLJfnZ{PDhiaILz	M1zqVWFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIFkfGm4aYT5JIFo[Wmwc4SgbJVu[W5iSHXwS\|Ih[2WubIOgZYZ1\XJiNEigbJJ{KGK7IF3UWEBie3OjeTygTWM2OD12LkdOwG0v	M1WzUFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|Mki3NFU4Lz5{M{K4O\|A2PzxxYU6=
SGC7901	NXu5O5ZNSW62aXPhcoNmeiCjc4PhfS=>		MnPGO\|IhcHK\|	NYWyepkySW62aXPhcoNmeiCjY4Tpeol1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJHNISzd7MEGgZ4VtdHNiYX\0[ZIhPzJiaILzJIJ6KE2WVDDhd5NigSxiSVO1NF02NjF4zszNMi=>	NWexSFFwRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm5NFM3PjJpPkK5PVA{PjZ{PD;hQi=>
MDA-MB-231	M2Dq[mFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIF{e2G7		NYDHXFZHPDhiaILz	NV;hZ2VvSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[WO2aY\peJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDNSGEuVUJvMkOxJINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDR6IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVA:PS54zszNMi=>	NWnIPJNjRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOyPFcxPTdpPkKzNlg4ODV5PD;hQi=>
MDA-MB-231	MkfDR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5		MkmwO\|IhcHK\|	NHTE[GhEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliaX6gbJVu[W5iTVTBMW1DNTJ\|MTDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDy[YR2[3Srb36gbY4h[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgbY5kfWKjdHXkJIZweiB5MjDodpMh[nliTWTUJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxRTVwNt88UU4>	NVfCVYR3RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxM{GyOVE3OjFpPkOxNlUyPjJzPD;hQi=>
PC3	NVSzSXI6SW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=		NHjTc3E1QCCqcoO=	MmfhRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDoeY1idiCSQ{OgZ4VtdHNiYX\0[ZIhPDhiaILzJIJ6KE2WVDDhd5NigSxiSVO1NF02NjgQvF2u	Mn74QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN{OEewOVcoRjJ\|Mki3NFU4RC:jPh?=
PC3	M2\kSmN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>		NX\CSFRbPzJiaILz	NVvZNGoxS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHnuJIh2dWGwIGDDN{Bk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{Bz\WS3Y4Tpc44hcW5iY3XscEB3cWGkaXzpeJkhcW6ldXLheIVlKG[xcjC3NkBpenNiYomgUXRVKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyPUWuO:69VS5?	NX3ZeZBKRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxM{GyOVE3OjFpPkOxNlUyPjJzPD;hQi=>
A549	NVnw[5dUSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=		MWe0PEBpenN?	MUDBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IHj1cYFvKEF3NEmgZ4VtdHNiYX\0[ZIhPDhiaILzJIJ6KE2WVDDhd5NigSxiSVO1NF06NjcQvF2u	M4O5TFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|Mki3NFU4Lz5{M{K4O\|A2PzxxYU6=
DU145	NIC1cW5CdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		M325[lQ5KGi{cx?=	Mn[0RY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDoeY1idiCGVUG0OUBk\WyuczDh[pRmeiB2ODDodpMh[nliTWTUJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxRTlwOd88UU4>	M3HPdlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|Mki3NFU4Lz5{M{K4O\|A2PzxxYU6=
MDA-MB-231	NHLod3FEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYYPzZZk>	MX61JJVO	NX\jN2V{PDhiaILz	MnvCR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5Qh\HK3Zz3y[ZNqe3SjboSgbJVu[W5iTVTBMW1DNTJ\|MTDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDjbIFv\2ViaX6gZ4VtdCC4aXHibYxqfHliYYSgOUB2VSCjZoTldkA1QCCqcoOgZpkhVVSWIHHzd4F6	MkTNQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN{OEewOVcoRjJ\|Mki3NFU4RC:jPh?=
T47D	MmjXR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGG\|c3H5	Mm[3OUB2VQ>?	MYq0PEBpenN?	NYLFWIxCS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hXDR5RDDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDjbIFv\2ViaX6gZ4VtdCC4aXHibYxqfHliYYSgOUB2VSCjZoTldkA1QCCqcoOgZpkhVVSWIHHzd4F6	MkDnQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN{OEewOVcoRjJ\|Mki3NFU4RC:jPh?=
MCF7	NWezeVV4S3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6	NFHsTo42KHWP	MofKOFghcHK\|	MVvDfZRwfG:6aXPpeJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDNR2Y4KGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGOqYX7n[UBqdiClZXzsJJZq[WKrbHn0fUBifCB3IIXNJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYm=	MXS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzJ6N{C1O{c,OjN{OEewOVc9N2F-
TC32	NU\tZ2VPeUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?			MmTmdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKFSFM{KgZ4VtdHN?	MUC8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
DAOY	NHn1elFyUFSVIHHzd4F6			NWHTRY93eUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiUILpcYFzgSC\|Y4Ll[Y4h\m:{IFTBU3kh[2WubIO=	MVW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
SJ-GBM2	NGfpUYhyUFSVIHHzd4F6			Mk\jdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKFOMLVfCUVIh[2WubIO=	MVm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
A673	M3\oO5FJXFNiYYPzZZk>			MXnxTHRUKG:oIIDl[IlifHKrYzDjZY5k\XJiY3XscEBtcW6nczD0c{Bq\GWwdHnmfUBufWy2aYDs[UBweHCxcoT1col1cWW\|IH\vdkBlenWpIILldJVzeG:\|aX7nPkBRemmvYYL5JJNkemWnbjDmc5IhSTZ5MzDj[Yxtew>?	NGHyUlY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
SK-N-MC	NHf2S2FyUFSVIHHzd4F6			NEnVbYxyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiU1utUk1OSyClZXzsdy=>	MUK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
BT-37	NWK0R3JzeUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?			NH\jW2hyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiQmStN\|ch[2WubIO=	MknMQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
NB-EBc1	MkTCdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			NH;QRW9yUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiTlKtSWJkOSClZXzsdy=>	NWnnd4JtRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>
Saos-2	MV\xTHRUKGG\|c3H5			M2GxNZFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCVYX;zMVIh[2WubIO=	MXK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
SK-N-SH	MlXWdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			NVz3VYc5eUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiUILpcYFzgSC\|Y4Ll[Y4h\m:{IGPLMW4uW0hiY3XscJM>	MVi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
NB1643	MWnxTHRUKGG\|c3H5			NFfhUHJyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiTlKxOlQ{KGOnbHzz	M{nVdlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
LAN-5	M3ni[5FJXFNiYYPzZZk>			Mnf4dWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKEyDTj21JINmdGy\|	NIDqVlE9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
BT-12	M3i0TZFJXFNiYYPzZZk>			MnvBdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKEKWLUGyJINmdGy\|	MVO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
Rh18	NFzuPHlyUFSVIHHzd4F6			NH;vU\|ZyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiUnixPEBk\Wyucx?=	MorlQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
OHS-50	NHT1VGFyUFSVIHHzd4F6			NIXYUlRyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiT1jTMVUxKGOnbHzz	MmPMQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
RD	NYW0foVXeUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?			MkLGdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKFKGIHPlcIx{	MUi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
MG 63 (6-TG R)	NXLsPYJneUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?			MmnDdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKE2JIE[zJEg3NVSJIGKpJINmdGy\|	NGjzXZc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
Rh41	MoX2dWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			M2jhbZFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCUaESxJINmdGy\|	NGfkSno9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
NB1643	NF;SZXlyUFSVIHHzd4F6			MlzkdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohS2:wZnnycYF1d3K7IIPjdoVmdiCob4KgUmIyPjR\|IHPlcIx{	MnjZQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
A673	NFnURmJyUFSVIHHzd4F6			M2\2bpFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KEOxbn\pdo1ifG:{eTDzZ5Jm\W5iZn;yJGE3PzNiY3XscJMq	M3f1eFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
SK-N-MC	NYi3NFFYeUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?			Mn3QdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohS2:wZnnycYF1d3K7IIPjdoVmdiCob4KgV2suVi2PQzDj[Yxtew>?	NET1Wno9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
BT-12	NI\1dI9yUFSVIHHzd4F6			NXvOfYdweUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiQ3;u[olzdWG2b4L5JJNkemWnbjDmc5IhSlRvMUKgZ4VtdHN?	MUG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
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Saos-2	MkP2dWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			MmjQdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohS2:wZnnycYF1d3K7IIPjdoVmdiCob4KgV4Fwey1{IHPlcIx{	NWD1TIM4RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>
OHS-50	NEPE[\|VyUFSVIHHzd4F6			NUfvcY5ReUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiQ3;u[olzdWG2b4L5JJNkemWnbjDmc5IhV0iVLUWwJINmdGy\|	MYS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
SK-N-SH	NWXEV2M3eUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?			MWPxTHRUKG:oIIDl[IlifHKrYzDjZY5k\XJiY3XscEBtcW6nczD0c{Bq\GWwdHnmfUBufWy2aYDs[UBweHCxcoT1col1cWW\|IH\vdkBlenWpIILldJVzeG:\|aX7nPkBEd26oaYLtZZRwenlic3Py[YVvKG[xcjDTT{1PNVOKIHPlcIx{	M{\DTlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
SK-N-SH	NG\TUo9yUFSVIHHzd4F6			NF7pZmpyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCRcoToc4dwdmGuIEPEJJZq[WKrbHn0fUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKFONLV6tV2gh[2WubIO=	NFi3UYE9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
SJ-GBM2	MnrOdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			M2fJfJFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KE:{dHjv[49v[WxiM1Sgeoli[mmuaYT5JJNkemWnbjDmc5IhW0pvR1LNNkBk\Wyucx?=	NYXEUpBrRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>
Daoy	Ml;YdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			Mn;DdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohV3K2aH;nc45idCB\|RDD2bYFjcWyrdImgd4Nz\WWwIH\vdkBF[W:7IHPlcIx{	MmjWQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
TC32	MmHsdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			NXHpSnU3eUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiT4L0bI9od26jbDCzSEBk[XOyYYPlJJNkemWnbjDmc5IhXEN\|MjDj[Yxtew>?	MXy8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
TC32	NFzrWGhyUFSVIHHzd4F6			MV;xTHRUKG:oIIDl[IlifHKrYzDjZY5k\XJiY3XscEBtcW6nczD0c{Bq\GWwdHnmfUBufWy2aYDs[UBweHCxcoT1col1cWW\|IH\vdkBlenWpIILldJVzeG:\|aX7nPkBQenSqb3fvcoFtKDOGII\pZYJqdGm2eTDzZ5Jm\W5iZn;yJHREOzJiY3XscJM>	NX3sW\|U3RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>
MG 63 (6-TG R)	MlXGdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>			M3n1Z5FJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KE:{dHjv[49v[WxiM1Sgeoli[mmuaYT5JJNkemWnbjDmc5IhVUdiNkOgLFYuXEdiUjmgZ4VtdHN?	M4LrdFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
RD	M1iwe5FJXFNiYYPzZZk>			NWX4[GZWeUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiT4L0bI9od26jbDCzSEB3cWGkaXzpeJkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCURDDj[Yxtew>?	NFO3dZc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
SGC7901	NXnLSoMyTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	MonQNUBidmRiMUCgeW0>	NGfsbXczPCC2bzC3NkBpenN?	NHfUb2NKdmS3Y4Tpc44hd2ZibX;ydIhwdG:paXPhcEBkcGGwZ3XzJIlvKGi3bXHuJHNISzd7MEGgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOgbY5lfWO2aX;uJI9nKGOnbHygZpJm[WtiYYSgNUBidmRiMUCgeW0h[W[2ZYKgNlQhfG9iN{KgbJJ{KGK7IHnueoVzfGWmIH3pZ5Jwe2OxcHnjJIFv[Wy7c3nz	MnfYQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl7MEO2OlIoRjJ7OUCzOlYzRC:jPh?=
C6	NXPDeYZxS2WubDDjfYNt\SCjc4PhfS=>		M1GxV\|I1KGi{cx?=	M1jCSGNmdGxiY4njcIUh[XK{ZYP0JIlvKHKjdDDDOkBk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{BqdmO{ZXHz[UBqdiClZXzsJJBweHWuYYTpc44h[XRic4XiJGcxKHCqYYPlJI1m[XO3cnXkJIFnfGW{IEK0JIhzeyCkeTDwdo9xcWSrdX2gbY9lcWSnIIP0ZYlvcW6pIHLhd4VlKG[ub4egZ5l1d22ndIL5JIFv[Wy7c3nz	MXu8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8{OTR2N{C4Nkc,OzF2NEewPFI9N2F-
C6	MVXD[YxtKGO7Y3zlJIF{e2G7		M17ISlI1KGi{cx?=	M1HzWmNmdGxiY4njcIUh[XK{ZYP0JIlvKHKjdDDDOkBk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{Bl\WO{ZXHz[UBqdiClZXzsJJBweHWuYYTpc44h[XRiR{KvUUBxcGG\|ZTDt[YF{fXKnZDDh[pRmeiB{NDDodpMh[nlicILvdIllcXWvIHnv[Ill\SC\|dHHpcolv\yCkYYPl[EBndG:5IHP5eI9u\XS{eTDhcoFtgXOrcx?=	M4TYTFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzNzNES3NFgzLz5\|MUS0O\|A5OjxxYU6=
C6	M4LIfWNmdGxiY4njcIUh[XO\|YYm=		MUOyOEBpenN?	MXTD[YxtKGO7Y3zlJIFzemW\|dDDpckBz[XRiQ{[gZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOg[IVkemWjc3WgbY4h[2WubDDwc5B2dGG2aX;uJIF1KFNicHjhd4UhdWWjc4Xy[YQh[W[2ZYKgNlQhcHK\|IHL5JJBzd3CrZHn1cUBqd2SrZHWgd5RicW6rbnegZoF{\WRiZnzve{BkgXSxbXX0dpkh[W6jbInzbZM>	MX[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8{OTR2N{C4Nkc,OzF2NEewPFI9N2F-

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	HIF-1α / GLUT1 / PDK1 ; PubMed: 28339028 Int J Oncol The expression of HIF-1α, PDK1 and glycolysis-related proteins GLUT1, LDHA in 435R cells with/without 2-MeOE2. FOXM1 / Cyclin B1 / PLK; PubMed: 21518729 Mol Cancer Ther MCF-7 and MCF-7-EPIR cells were treated with 1µmol/L of epirubicin for 0, 16, 24 and 48 h. At indicated time, cells were collected and analysed by western blotting to determine the protein expression levels of FOXM1, Cyclin B1, PLK and β-tubulin, and by RT-qPCR to determine FOXM1 mRNA transcript levels. E2F1 / p-p53 / p53 / Caspase-7 ; PubMed: 21518729 Mol Cancer Ther U2OS cells were treated for 0 to 24 h with 1µmol/L of epirubicin in the presence or absence of 5mmol/L of caffeine. At indicated time, cells were collected for western blot analysis to determine the protein expression levels of FOXM1, E2F1, P-p53 (ser15), p53, Cleaved caspase 7 and β-tubulin. PARP / E2F1 / p-E2F1 / p-MK2 / p-Chk2 ; PubMed: 22802261 Mol Cancer Res Pretreatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 prevents epirubicin-induced E2F1 accumulation and its phosphorylation at Serine 364. U2OS cells were either pretreated with 20 μM SB203580 or untreated and 1h later exposed to 1μM epirubicin. At the times indicated at the top of each lane cells were harvested and proteins extracted from lysates. Equal amounts of protein were used for Western blot analysis with the indicated antibodies. Anti-β-tubulin was immunoblotted as a loading control.	28339028 21518729 22802261
Growth inhibition assay	Cell death ; PubMed: 24158003 Exp Mol Med KMS20 (left panel) and KMS28BM (right panel) cells were treated with 2ME at the indicated doses for 48 h and subjected to FACS analysis as described above.	24158003

In vivo

Epirubicin are clinically active against a broad range of tumor types, including breast cancer, malignant lymphomas, soft tissue sarcomas, lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic carcinoma, transitional bladder carcinoma and so on. ^[3] Epirubicin at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg suppresses tumor mass of human breast tumor xenograft R-27 by 74.4 %. ^[4]

Protocol

Cell Research:^[2]

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Cell lines: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell Hep G2
Concentrations: 0.05-12 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 1 days
Method: Hep G2 cells (500 cells/well, monolayer) are plated in a 96-well plate. The next day the cells are treated with Epirubicin in the medium. At the end of the incubation periods, 15% volume of MTT dye solution is added. After 1 hr of incubation at 37℃, an equal volume of solubilization/stop solution (dimethylsul-foxide) is added to each well for an additional 1 hr incubation. The absorbance of the reaction solution at 570 nm is recorded.
(Only for Reference)

Animal Research:^[4]

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Animal Models: Human breast tumor xenograft R-27
Dosages: 3.5 mg/kg
Administration: i.v. every 4 day for 3 times
(Only for Reference)

References

[4] Asanuma F, et al. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1998, 43(5), 473-474.

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	100 mg/mL (172.41 mM)
	Water	100 mg/mL warmed (172.41 mM)
	Ethanol	Insoluble

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Epirubicin (IMI 28) HCl SDF

Molecular Weight	579.98
Formula	C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₁.HCl
CAS No.	56390-09-1
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	NSC 256942, 4'-epidoxorubicin HCl
Smiles	CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O.Cl

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage

mg/kg

Average weight of animals

Dosing volume per animal

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO+ % + % Tween 80+ % ddH₂O

Calculate Reset

Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and SDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and SDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):

Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2021-09-06)

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT01740271	Recruiting	Drug: Epirubicin	Breast Neoplasms	AHS Cancer Control Alberta	December 2012	Phase 2

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

Tel: +1-832-582-8158 Ext:3

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Blasticidin S HCl is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Stretomyces girseochromogenes, and acts as a DNA and protein synthesis inhibitor, used to select transfected cells carrying bsr or BSD resistance genes.
CAY10603 ^New

CAY10603 (BML-281) is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 2 pM, >200-fold selectivity over other HDACs.
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HCl

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, NSC 123127, DOX, Hydroxydaunorubicin) HCl is an antibiotic agent that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II and induces DNA damage, mitophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells. Doxorubicin reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK. Doxorubicin is used in the concomitant treatment of HIV-infected patients but is found to be at high risk of HBV reactivation.
Etoposide (VP-16)

Etoposide (VP-16, VP-16213) is a semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, which inhibits DNA synthesis via topoisomerase II inhibition activity. Etoposide induces autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis.
Irinotecan (CPT-11)

Irinotecan (CPT-11, (+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor for LoVo cells and HT-29 cells with IC50 of 15.8 μM and 5.17 μM, respectively.

Features:Irinotecan is a prodrug that is used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer.
Camptothecin (NSC-100880)

Camptothecin (NSC-100880, CPT, Campathecin, (S)-(+)-Camptothecin) is a specific inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) with IC50 of 0.68 μM in a cell-free assay. Camptothecin induces apoptosis in cancer cells via microRNA-125b-mediated mitochondrial pathways. Phase 2.
Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl

Daunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin, RP 13057, Rubidomycin) inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis with K_i of 0.02 μM in a cell-free assay. Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces apoptosis.
SN-38

SN-38 (NK012) is an active metabolite of CPT-11, inhibits DNA topoisomerase I, DNA synthesis and causes frequent DNA single-strand breaks. SN-38 induces autophagy.
Topotecan (NSC609699) HCl

Topotecan HCl (NSC609699, Nogitecan, SKFS 104864A) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor for MCF-7 Luc cells and DU-145 Luc cells with IC50 of 13 nM and 2 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Topotecan HCl induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Features:Topotecan is a water-soluble derivative of camptothecin.

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Epirubicin (IMI 28) HCl