Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1)

Bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1) is a vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.44 nM. Bafilomycin A1 is found to inhibit autophagy while induces apoptosis.

Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) Chemical Structure

Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) Chemical Structure

CAS No. 88899-55-2

Purity & Quality Control

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Cell Data

Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID
human H4 cells Function assay 0.4 μM 24 h Induction of light chain 3-GFP level in human H4 cells at 0.4 uM after 24 hrs by high throughput fluorescence microscopy relative to control 18024584
RAW 264.7 cells Function assay 100 nM Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium 14028 infected in RAW 264.7 cells assessed as increased nitric oxide production in infected cells at 100 nM 19307359
mouse RAW264.7 cells Apoptosis assay 100 nM 16 h Induction of apoptosis in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 100 nM after 16 hrs using annexin V-propidium iodide staining by flow cytometry 19307359
human HeLa cells Function assay 400 nM Induction of autophagy in human HeLa cells expressing EGFP-LC3 assessed as increase in LC3-2 level at 400 nM 18391949
human MCF7 cells Function assay 4 h Inhibition of rapamycin-induced autophagy in human MCF7 cells expressing EGFP-LC3 assessed as decrease in EGFP levels at 100 nM after 4 hrs by Western blotting relative to control 20028134
RAW 264.7 cells Bactericidal activity assay 100 nM 16 h Bactericidal activity against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium 14028 infected in RAW 264.7 cells assessed as decrease in bacterial growth yield at 100 nM after 16 hrs postinfection by flow cytometry in presence of 10 ug/ml of intracellular replication inhi 19307359
RAW 264.7 cells Antimicrobial activity assay 100 nM Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium 14028 infected in RAW 264.7 cells assessed as increased nitric oxide production in infected cells at 100 nM 19307359
RAW 264.7 cells Antimicrobial activity assay 100 nM 30 mins Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium 14028 infected in RAW 264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of bacterial replication at 100 nM treated 30 mins before infection measured after 2 to 16 hrs postinfection by flow cytometry 19307359
rat 3Y1 cells Function assay Induction of morphological changes in rat 3Y1 cells assessed as elongation of cells 29701963
human Huh7.5.1 cells Antiviral activity 3 h Antiviral activity against HCV genotype 2a JFH-1 in human Huh7.5.1 cells assessed as reduction of viral entry up to 3 hrs by luciferase assay 26396683
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Biological Activity

Description Bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1) is a vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.44 nM. Bafilomycin A1 is found to inhibit autophagy while induces apoptosis.
Targets
H+-ATPase [1]
(Cell-free assay)
0.44 nM
In vitro
In vitro Bafilomycin A1 is a toxic macrolide antibiotic derived from Streptomyces griseus. Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the short circuit current induced by the outer mantle epithelium (OME). The IC50 and maximum inhibition dose of Bafilomycin A1 are 0.17 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively. [2] In addition, Bilomycin A1 inhibits the acid influx with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM. Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the acidification dose-dependently resulting in a lower quenching, and thus a higher fluorescence. [3] Bafilomycin A1 prevents the vacuolization of Hela cells induced by H. pylori, with an inhibitory concentration giving 50% of maximal (ID50) of 4 nM. Bafilomycin A1 is also very efficient in restoring vacuolated cells to a normal appearance. [4] Bafilomycin A1 also affects the transport of endocytosed material from early to late endocytic compartments. Bafilomycin not only dissipates the low endosomal pH but also blocks transport from early to late endosomes in HeLa cells. [5] Bafilomycin A1 at doses of 0.1-1 μM completely inhibits the acidification of lysosomes revealed by the incubation with acridine orange in BNL CL.2 and A431 cells. [6] When Bafilomycin A1 is added to Hanks' balanced salt solution, endogenous protein degradation is strongly inhibited and numerous autophagosomes accumulated in H-4-II-E cells. Bafilomycin A1 also prevents the appearance of endocytosed HRP in autophagic vacuoles. [7]
Kinase Assay ATPase enzyme activity assays
The ATPase enzyme assay medium contains 6 mM MgSO4, 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 200 mM Na2SO3 (V-ATPase activator), 0.5 mM sodium ortho-vanadate (P-ATPase inhibitor), 0.5 mM sodium azide (F-ATPase inhibitor) and 3 mM Na2ATP. This medium (1.0 mL), with or without the addition of the V-type ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1, is incubated with the filtered homogenate (0.1 mL) for 60 minutes at 23–25 °C. The reaction is stopped by the addition of 1 mL of TCA 3%. Spectrometric blanks are prepared as for the enzyme assay with the exception that the tissue sample is added after the acid. Phosphate analysis is accomplished by adding 2 mL of 1-butanol and 0.2 mL molybdate solution (5 g ammonium molybdate, 22 mL H2SO4 to 100 mL). After vortexing for 15 seconds the solution is neutralised with 0.5 mL citrate solution (100 g/500 mL, pH 7.0) and again vortexed for 15 seconds. The solution is then centrifuged (2000 × g; 3 minutes) to separate the butanol phase and the absorbance of this phase is read at 400 nm. Standards of orthophosphate are prepared (0.1 μM–2.0 μM) and treated in the same way as the enzyme activity assays. Enzyme activity is expressed in μmol of orthophosphate liberated per hour and per milligram of protein. V-ATPase activity is considered to be the difference between the total ATPase activity measured in the presence of Na2SO3, sodium orthovanadate and sodium azide and the ATPase activity measured in the presence of these reagents and of the specific V-ATPases inhibitor Bafilomycin A1.
Cell Research Cell lines HeLa cells
Concentrations ~20 nM
Incubation Time 20 hours
Method

H. pylori bacteria extract is treated with inhibitors, before addition to HeLa cells, as follows: DCCD 10 mM for 1 hour at 30 ºC; NBD-CI 100 μM for 1 hour at 30 ºC and the reaction is blocked with glycine 10 mM final concentration; NEM 275 μM for 1 hour at 30 ºC and the reaction is blocked by addition of β-mercaptoethanol 275 mM; Mg-ATP 14 μM for 1 hour at 0 ºC; 100 μM KNO3 and 14 μM Mg-ATP for 1 hour at 30 μM; NaCO3 100 μM, pH 11 for 1 hour at 0 ºC. The bacterial extract is then added to cell with a 40-fold dilution at a final concentration of 0.65 mg/mL. Controls are HeLa cells incubated with untreated bacterial extracts and cells treated with inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 under the same conditions as bacterial extracts, at the same concentrations or after a 40-fold dilution. The vacuotating activity of the bacterial extracts is assayed.

Experimental Result Images Methods Biomarkers Images PMID
Western blot Ret / EGFR / p75 NGFR 21559479
Growth inhibition assay Cell viability 20534000
Immunofluorescence AIF LC3 25512644
ELISA TNF-alpha 26240140
In Vivo
In vivo Bafilomycin A1 (1 μM and 0.1 μM) completely inhibits the resorptive activity of cultured osteoclasts. [8] Bafilomycin A1 dose-dependently inhibits the rate of Na+ uptake in young tilapia with a Ki of 0.16 μM. [9]
Animal Research Animal Models Young (approximately 9 days old) Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
Dosages 10 μM
Administration --

Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight 622.83 Formula

C35H58O9

CAS No. 88899-55-2 SDF Download Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) SDF
Smiles CC1CC(=CC=CC(C(OC(=O)C(=CC(=CC(C1O)C)C)OC)C(C)C(C(C)C2(CC(C(C(O2)C(C)C)C)O)O)O)OC)C
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Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
How to dissolve it?

Answer:
S1413 Bafilomycin A1(Baf-A1) is soluble in DMSO at 6 mg/ml. Please do not use alcohols as solvent, because this compound will degrade in alcohols.

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