Immunology & Inflammation related

Rituximab (anti-CD20)

Rituximab (anti-CD20) is a chimeric anti-CD20 mAb that binds the CD20 antigen on B cells with a binding affinity of 5 nM, MW: 143.86 KD.

Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4)

Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) is an immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface antigen CTLA-4 and also a type of immune checkpoint inhibitor. MW : 148 kD.

Cyclosporin A

Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressive agent, binds to the cyclophilin and then inhibits calcineurin with IC50 of 7 nM in a cell-free assay, widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection.

Pimecrolimus

Pimecrolimus (ASM 981) is an immunophilin ligand, which binds specifically to the cytosolic receptor, immunophilin macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12); a calcineurin inhibitor.

Bestatin

Bestatin (Ubenimex) is a potent aminopeptidase-B and leukotriene (LT) A4 hydrolase inhibitor, used in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia.

Danicopan (ACH-4471)

Danicopan (ACH-4471, ACH-0144471, ACH-CFDIS, ALXN 2040) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of factor D with Kd of 0.54 nM for human Factor D. Danicopan inhibits alternative pathway of complement (APC) activity, and has potential to block the alternative pathway of complement in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).

Prednisone

Prednisone (Adasone) is a synthetic corticosteroid agent that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant compound.

Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine is a calcineurin phosphatase pathway inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant drug to prevent rejection in organ transplantation.

Sulfasalazine

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine, Salazopyrin, Sulphasalazine) is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy.

Phenylbutazone

Phenylbutazone (Butazolidine) is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of chronic pain, including the symptoms of arthritis.

Tenoxicam

Tenoxicam is a good HO. radicals scavenger with an IC50 of 56.7 μM.

Demethylzeylasteral (T-96)

Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), the active component isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., inhibits UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 with immunosuppressive effects.

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate

Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extracted and purified from liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae). It is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of NF‑κB, TNF‑α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

Bendazac

Bendazac (bendazolic acid, AF-983) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that delays the cataractogenic process. It may act by preventing protein denaturation.

Flufenamic acid

Flufenamic Acid is an anti-inflammatory agent, and also acts as an ion channel modulator.

Incensole acetate

Incensole acetate, isolated from Boswellia Resin, is a novel anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits NF-κB activation.

Royal jelly acid

Royal jelly acid is the principal lipid component in royal jelly which is the food for queen and larvae honeybees. It is involved in several treatment processes of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated macrophage responses, inhibition of T-cell proliferation and anti-rheumatoid activity.

GI254023X

GI254023X is a selective inhibitor of ADAM10 with 100-fold selectivity for ADAM10 over ADAM17. The IC50 values for recombinant ADAM10 amd ADAM17 are 5.3 nM and 541 nM, respectively.

Tiaprofenic acid

Tiaprofenic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, especially arthritic pain.

Ethyl caffeate

Ethyl caffeate, a naturally occurring compound found in Bidens pilosa, suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in vitro.

Patchouli alcohol

Patchouli alcohol (Patchoulol, Patchouli camphor), an ingredient in pogostemonis herba, has various pharmacological activities and acts as an inhibitor of asexual fungal propagation, inflammation, the influenza virus, and tumorigenesis.

Salvianolic acid A

Salvianolic acid A (Dan Phenolic Acid A), a water-soluble compound extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound that also acts as an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction mediated by SH2 domains of Src-family kinases Src and Lck.

Sinomenine hydrochloride

Sinomenine (SN, Cucoline, Kukoline, Sabianine A), extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant, sinomenium acutum, is a potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.

Atractylenolide I

Atractylenolide I is the major sesquiterpenoid of the rhizome of A. macrocephala and shows a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, digestion promoting, and antioxidant effects.

Trilobatin

Trilobatin (P-Phlorizin), a natural flavonoid lipid molecule, is an HIV-1 entry inhibitor targeting the HIV-1 Gp41 envelope and exihibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

Sanguinarine

Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid known as an anti-inflammatory agent, is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB activation.

Sweroside

Sweroside, a bioactive herbal ingredient isolated from Fructus Corni, exhibits diverse biological activities, such as anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.

Bindarit

Bindarit (AF 2838) exhibits selective inhibition against monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-2/CCL8.

Corilagin

Corilagin, discovered in many medicinal plants such as Phyllanthus speices etc., has multiple activities including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, hepatoprotective and others. It is an inhibitor of TNF-α.

Compstatin

Compstatin binds to complement component C3 and inhibits complement activation with IC50 of 12 μM.

Ganoderic acid A

Ganoderic acid A (GAA), a representative active triterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum, has been reported to exhibit antinociceptive, antioxidative, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities.

Eleutheroside E

Eleutheroside E, a principal component of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and protecting against myocardial infarction.

Isopsoralen

Isopsoralen (Angelicin), also known as angelicin, is a constituent of roots and leaves of angelica with anti-inflammatory activity and regulates LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways. It also shows antiviral activity against gammaherpesviruses.

TAPI-1

TAPI-1 is an ADAM17/TACE inhibitor, which blocks shedding of cytokine receptors. TAPI-1 is also an inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP).

Picfeltarraenin IA

Picfeltarraenin IA is an AChE inhibitior, and an potential PI3K and EGFR inhibitor. It also acts as an inhibitor on both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system.

Peiminine

Peiminine, a biologically active component extracted from Fritillaria walujewii Regel, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects. It induces autophagic cell death thus represses colorectal carcinoma tumor growth.

Saikosaponin A

Saikosaponin A is a triterpene saponin derived from the medicinal plant, Bupleurum chinensis DC. (Umbelliferae). It has a variety of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-bacterial activities.

Diflorasone

Diflorasone acts as a corticosteroid hormone receptor agonist with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

Loxoprofen Sodium

Loxoprofen sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

SB290157 trifluoroacetate

SB290157 trifluoroacetate is a potent and selective antagonist of C3a receptor with IC50 of 200 nM.

Avacopan

Avacopan (CCX168) is an orally administered and selective C5a receptor (C5aR) antagonist.

Pranlukast

Pranlukast (ONO-1078) is an orally administered, and selective antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) C(4), LTD(4) and LTE(4), used in the prophylactic treatment of chronic bronchial asthma.

Idramantone

Idramantone is an immune agonist.

Latanoprost

Latanoprost (Xalatan, PhXA41) is a prostaglandin F2alpha analogue and a prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist with an ocular hypertensive effect. Latanoprost increases uveoscleral outflow and thereby reduces intraocular pressure.

Roquinimex

Roquinimex (FCF 89, Linomide, LS 2616) is a novel immunomodulator augmenting natural killer (NK) cell activity and T-lymphocyte related effector functions. Roquinimex is a potent oral active tumor antiangiogenic agent. Roquinimex inhibits the secretion of TNF-α.

Prednisolone

Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.

Methylprednisolone

Methylprednisolone (NSC-19987) is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, used to achieve prompt suppression of inflammation. Methylprednisolone activates ACE2 and reduces IL-6 levels, thus improves severe or critical COVID-19. Methylprednisolone markedly reduces autophagy and apoptosis.

Laquinimod

Laquinimod (ABR-215062, LAQ) is a potent immunomodulator. Phase 3.

VGX-1027

VGX-1027 (GIT 27) is an orally active immunomodulator. Phase 1.

AS101

AS101, a potent in vitro and in vivo immunomodulator, is a novel inhibitor of IL-1beta converting enzyme.

Iberdomide (CC220)

Iberdomide (CC-220) is a novel oral immunomodulatory compound that targets cereblon, part of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, with an IC50 of 60 nM in a competitive TR-FRET assay. Iberdomide (CC-220) induces apoptosis with antitumor and immunostimulatory activities.

Avadomide(CC-122)

Avadomide(CC-122), a new chemical entity termed pleiotropic pathway modifier, is a novel agent for Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) with antitumor and immunomodulatory activity. Its molecular target is the protein cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4^CRBN.

Amlexanox

Amlexanox is an anti-inflammatory antiallergic immunomodulator and also an inhibitor of the protein kinases TBK1 and IKK-ε.

Thymopentin

Thymopentin has immuno-regulatory activities. The immuno-regulatory actions of thymopentin on peripheral T cells are mediated by intracellular cyclic GMP elevations in contrast to the intracellular cyclic AMP elevations induced in precursor T cells that trigger their further differentiation to T cells.

Y-320

Y-320 is an orally active immunomodulator, and inhibits IL-17 production by CD4 T cells stimulated with IL-15 with IC50 of 20 to 60 nM.

Lentinan

Lentinan, isolated and purified from a hot water extract of Lentinula edodes fruit bodies, is a fungal polysaccharide immunomodulator with anti-tumor effects.

Actarit

Actarit is an orally active immunomodulator used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Imiquimod

Imiquimod (R-837, S-26308) is a novel synthetic agent with immune response modifying activity.

Tranilast

Tranilast (SB 252218) is an antiallergic drug by inhibiting lipid mediator and cytokine release from inflammatory cells, used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Etofenamate

Etofenamate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the treatment of joint and muscular pain.

Teriflunomide

Teriflunomide (A77 1726, HMR-1726) is the active metabolite of leflunomide, inhibiting pyrimidine de novo synthesis by blocking the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, used as an immunomodulatory agent.

Geniposidic acid

Geniposidic acid is an iridoid glucoside, used to treat inflammation, jaundice and hepatic disorders.

Levamisole hydrochloride

Levamisole, also known as (-)-Tetramisole, is an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase, used as an anthelmintic.

Mesalamine

Mesalamine (5-Aminosalicylic acid) is a specific inhibitor of TNFα-induced IKK activity, used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.

Tempol

Tempol (4-Hydroxy-TEMPO) is a superoxide scavenger that displays neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Phase 2.

Flurbiprofen

Flurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Diclofenac Potassium

Diclofenac potassium (CGP-45840B) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.

Halcinonide

Halcinonide is a high potency corticosteroid used in topical preparations as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Fenoprofen Calcium

Fenoprofen Calcium is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory antiarthritic agent.

Amodiaquine hydrochloride

Amodiaquine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of amodiaquine, an orally active 4-aminoquinoline derivative with antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Aucubin

Aucubin (Rhinanthin), an iridoid glycoside existing in medicinal plants, has been reported to show an anti-inflammatory activity by suppression of TNF-α production in murine macrophages.

Hydrocortisone acetate

Hydrocortisone Acetate (Cortisol 21-acetate) is the synthetic acetate salt form of hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

Curculigoside

Curculigoside, a diterpenoid triepoxide, is one of the main bioactive phenolic compounds isolated from the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. and has potent antioxidant, anti-osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects.

Batyl alcohol

Batyl alcohol, isolated from shark liver oil, is also present in yellow bone marrow of animals and has been described as an inflammatory agent.

Monotropein

Monotropein, an iridoids glycoside isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis How, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.

Trans-Tranilast

Trans-Tranilast is an antiallergic drug, used to treat bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Verbascoside

Verbascoside (Acteoside, Kusaginin), a phenylpropanoid glycoside from lemon verbena, has several biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant.

Oxaceprol

Oxaceprol (N-acetyl-L-hydroxyproline) is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Diclofenac Epolamine

Diclofenac Epolamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions.

Picolinic acid (PCL 016)

PCL016 is a pyridine carboxylate metabolite of tryptophan and acts as an anti-infective and immunomodulator. It acts by binding with the zinc associated with zinc finger proteins to alter their structure and inhibit function.

Thymol

Thymol, a naturally occurring monocyclic phenolic compound derived from Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory property in vivo and vitro.

Lodoxamide Tromethamine

Lodoxamide Tromethamine is the tromethamide salt form of lodoxamide, a synthetic mast cell stabilizing compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

Sodium gualenate

Sodium gualenate (Guaiazulenesulfonate sodium), a hydrophilic derivative of guaiazulene (GA), is an unstable compound, which is gradually decomposed in the solid state at room temperature. It has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects.

Notopterol

Notopterol is a kind of furanocoumarin that possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer activities.

Lupeol

Lupeol (Clerodol, Monogynol B, Fagarasterol, Farganasterol) is a significant lupane-type triterpene represented in the plant, fungi and animal kingdoms with anticancer, antiprotozoal, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Oroxylin A

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria root that exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-tumor properties.

Jujuboside A

Jujuboside A, isolated from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and reduces the cell apoptosis.

Esculentoside A

Esculentoside A, isolated from the Chinese herb phytolacca esculenta, possesses a broad inhibitory effect on a panel of pro-inflammation molecules with less toxicity.

Tetramethylpyrazine

Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine, TMP) is a natural compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate

Glycyrrhizinate dipotassium (Neubormitin) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root.

6-Shogaol

6-Shogaol, a naturally occuring product found in ginger, has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Schisandrin C

Schisandrin C, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, has many characteristics including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation.

Nootkatone

Nootkatone, a natural ingredient that occurs in grapefruit and certain other plants, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Veratric acid

Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid), a simple benzoic acid derived from plants and fruits, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.

Santalol

Santalol is a naturally occuring sesquiterpene that has antibacterial, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Berberrubine

Berberrubine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from many medicinal plants, possesses diverse pharmacological activities, including glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.

Isofraxidin

Isofraxidin (6,8-Dimethoxyumbelliferone), a bioactive coumarin compound isolated from the functional foods Siberian ginseng and Apium graveolens, is an anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.

Narirutin

Narirutin, a flavanone abundant in citrus fruits, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.

Protosappanin B

Protosappanin B (FT-0689654, Q-100961), extracted from Lignum Sappan, possesses anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation properties.

Phellodendrine chloride

Phellodendrine chloride, isolated from the Phellodrndron amurensis, exhibits immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Acacetin

Acacetin (Linarigenin, 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, 4'-Methoxyapigenin) is a flavonoid compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-peroxidative effects.

Tiliroside

Tiliroside, a glycosidic flavonoid, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective activities.

Isoliensinine

Isoliensinine is an alkaloid produced by the edible plant Nelumbo nucifera. It possesses anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Quercitrin

Quercitrin (3-rhamnosyl quercetin, Sophoretin, Meletin, Xanthaurine), a glycoside of quercetin, has been found as a main bioactive constituent in T. sinensis leaves and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities.

Homoorientin

Homoorientin is a flavone that acts as a radical scavenger and an antineoplastic agent.

Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate

Stearyl glycyrrhetinate, the stearyl ester of 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, has been demonstrated to improve antiviral effects, reduce inflammation and suppress allergies in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.

N-Acetylcysteine amide

N-acetylcysteine amide is a membrane penetrating antioxidant with anti-inflamatory activity through regulation of activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α as well as modulation of ROS.

Skimmin

Skimmin is one of the major pharmacologically active molecules present in Hydrangea paniculata, a medical herb used in the traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent.

β-Caryophyllene

β-Caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils. It acts as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a fragrance and a metabolite.

Ginsenoside Rc

Ginsenoside Rc, isolated from Panax ginseng, may exert various activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and anti-diabetic effects.

Echinocystic acid

Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural triterpone enriched in various herbs, displays a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Koumine

Koumine, a Gelsemium alkaloid, possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory and neurosteroid modulating activities.

(±)-α-Bisabolol

α-bisabolol is a small, plant-derived, oily sesquiterpene alcohol with some anti-inflammatory and even anti-microbial properties.

Eleutheroside B

Eleutheroside B (syringin, Syringoside, Lilacin) is a phenylpropanoid glycoside first isolated from A. senticosus and has neuroprotective, tonic, adaptogenic, and immune-modulating properties.

Gastrodin

Gastrodin (Gastrodine), an anti-inflammatory polyphenol extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodia elata Blume., benefits neurodegenerative diseases.

Demethoxycurcumin

Demethoxycurcumin, a natural demethoxy derivative of curcumin, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-angiogenesis properties.

Lappaconite HBr

Lappaconite Hydrobromide is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and has anti-inflammatory effects.

Peimine

Peimine (Verticine, Wanpeinine A) is a major biologically active component of Fritillaria ussuriensis, exhibits anti-inflammatory and pain suppression properties at the cellular level.

Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid (Arachidonate) is an unsaturated, essential fatty acid found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs. It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

Genkwanin

Genkwanin (Apigenin 7-methyl ether) is one of the major non-glycosylated flavonoids in herbs. It has a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiplasmodial, radical scavenging, chemopreventive and inhibiting 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activities.

Casticin

Casticin, as the major active substance in Lithospermum erythrorhyzon, had been reported to mediate multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, antiviral, cardiovascular protection, antineoplastic and anti-inflammation.

Astragalin

Astragalin (kaempferol-3-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-D-glucoside), a flavonoid from leaves of persimmon and green tea seeds, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.

Linarin

Linarin, a natural flavonoid cpompound, has pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, cardioprotective and antioxidative effects.

Adelmidrol

Adelmidrol is an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) with anti-inflammatory activities.

Isoliquiritin

Isoliquiritin (Neoisoliquritin) is a flavonoid glycoside compound from licorice possessing a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-depression activities.

Benzydamine HCl

Benzydamine HCl (AF864) is a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and local anesthetic activity.

Fraxin

Fraxin, a main active component isolated from Cortex Fraxini, possesses a variety of bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-hyperuricemia and diuresis.

Kirenol

Kirenol is a biologically active substance isolated from Herba Siegesbeckiae. It has been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-adipogenic, and anti-arthritic activities.

Corylin

Corylin, a main compound isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-proliferation, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Coumarin

Coumarin is a secondary phytochemical with hepatotoxic and carcinogenic properties.

Methylprotodioscin

"Methyl protodioscin, a bioactive natural compound isolated from Dioscorea collettii Makino (Dioscoreaceae), has numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, and anticancer activities."

Ufenamate

Ufenamate is an anthranilic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity.

Ethyl pyruvate

Ethyl pyruvate is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions.

4-Methylesculetin

4-methylesculetin is one of the coumarin derivatives with great anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 4-Methylesculetin inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reduces IL-6 level.

Platycodin D

Platycodin D, the main saponin isolated from Chinese herb Platycodonis Radix, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cholesterol-lowering and neuroprotective properties.

Paulownin

Paulownin, a furofuran lignan from Paulownia tomentosa, has anti-inflammation, analgesia, immunity, hypoglycemia properties.

Micheliolide

Micheliolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Michelia compressa and Michelia champaca, inhibits various inflammatory response and may serve as a neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Germacrone

Germacrone, a major activity component found in Curcuma zedoaria oil product, shows anti-inflammatory, antiandrogenic, and antimicrobial activities.

Rheic Acid

Rhein (Monorhein, NSC 38629, Rheinic) is an anthraquinone compound enriched in the fresh rhizome of Rheum coreanum Nakai, showing anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. Rhein is an FTO (mRNA N⁶-methyladenine demethylase) inhibitor and also inhibits AlkB repair enzymes.

Quillaic acid

Atractylenolide III

Atractylenolide III, a major component of Atractylodes rhizome, has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis activities.

Tolmetin

Tolmetin (Tolectin) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the heterocyclic acetic acid derivative class and also exhibits analgesic and antipyretic activity.

20S-Ginsenoside Rg3

20S-Ginsenoside Rg3 is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, red ginseng. It exihits neuromodulatory, cognition enhancing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer activities.

20S-Ginsenoside Rh2

20S-Ginsenoside Rh2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species and inhibits cancer development, progression, and metastasis.

Forsythoside A

Forsythoside A, one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory properties.

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1, isolated from the root of Panax Ginseng, exhibits various pharmacological activities including vasorelaxation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anticancer.

Sasapyrine

Sasapyrine (Salsalate, NSC-49171) is a nonsteroidal oral anti-inflammatory agent.

Pipecolic acid

Pipecolic acid (piperidine-2-carboxylic acid), a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike.

CORM-3

CORM-3 is a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity.

Aceclofenac

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Astilbin

Astilbin (Isoastilbin, Neoastilbin, Neoisoastilbin, Taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside), a flavonoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb, displays anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities.

Alnustone

Alnustone, a naturally occuring compound found in the rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic and antiemetic activities.

Iguratimod

Iguratimod is a small molecule compound with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions and used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Bornyl acetate

Bornyl acetate, the main volatile constituent in numerous conifer oils and some Chinese traditional herbs, exhibits anti-inflammatory property and it is used as an analgesic.

Pectolinarin

Pectolinarin is a major compound in Cirsium setidens with anti-inflammatory activity. Pectolinarin inhibits secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the production of PGE2 and NO. Pectolinarin induces apoptosis via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Irisflorentin

Irisflorentin derived from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. is an herb which has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders in traditional Chinese medicine.

Loxoprofen

Loxoprofen (Koloxo, Loxoprofene, Loxoprofeno) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the propionic acid derivatives group.

Auraptene

Auraptene is a natural coumarin derived from citrus plants and possesses valuable pharmacological properties, including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antihelicobacter, antigenotoxic, and neuroprotective effects. Auraptene inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) as well as key inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5(CCL5).

Picroside II

Picroside II is the main active ingredient in iridoid glycosides, which is the principal component of Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities.

Asperulosid

Asperuloside, an iridoid glycoside found in Herba Paederiae, is a component from traditional Chinese herbal medicine and exerts anti-inflammatory effect.

Methylprednisolone sodium succinate

Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (U-9088, 6α-Methylprednisolone 21-hemisuccinate Sodium) is a corticosteroid medication that reduces inflammation.

Calycosin

Calycosin, an isoflavonoid, is the major active component in Radix Astragali. It shows antitumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and pro-angiogenesis effects.

Ethyl 4-Methoxycinnamate

Ethyl 4-Methoxycinnamate, a natural product found in K. galanga and C. zedoaria extracts, has anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antifungal, larvicidal, and analgesic activities.

Tenacissoside H

Tenacissoside H, a natural compound found in M. tenacissima, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Sinigrin

Sinigrin is a glucosinolate found in some plants of the Brassicaceae family and exerts various activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Sinigrin is a glucosinolate found in some plants of the Brassicaceae family and exerts various activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and wound healing effects.

Isoprinosine

Isoprinosine (Inosine pranobex, Immunovir, Groprinosin, Delimmun) is an immunopharmacologic agent with antiviral activities.

Hydroxy safflor yellow A

Hydroxy safflor yellow A, a monomer extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L., possesses various kinds of bio-activities, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory actions, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-tumor and anti-myocardial injury effects.

Dehydroandrographolide Succinate Potasium Salt

Dehydroandrographolide Succinate (DAS), extracted from herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees, is widely used for the treatment of viral pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections because of its immunostimulatory, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effect.

Ligustrazine hydrochloride

Tetramethylpyrazine, also known as ligustrazine, is a chemical compound found in natto and in fermented cocoa beans with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.

Salicylamide

Salicylamide (o-hydroxybenzamide) is a non-prescription drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties.

Cl-amidine

Cl-amidine is an irreversible pan-peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.9 ± 0.3 μM, 0.8 ± 0.3 μM, 6.2 ± 1.0 μM for PAD4, PAD1 and PAD3, respectively. Cl-amidine induces apoptosis.

Sophoricoside

Sophoricoside (SOPH) is an isoflavone isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) with numerous pharmacological effects, including anti- inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive effects.

Fenoprofen calcium hydrate

Fenoprofen calcium hydrate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Isovitexin

Isovitexin (saponaretin, Apigenin-6-C-glucoside), an active component of many traditional Chinese medicines, has various activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-alzheimer disease (AD) effects and so on.

Pseudoprotodioscin

Pseudoprotodioscin is a steroidal saponin from plants and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.

(20R)Ginsenoside Rh2

(20R)Ginsenoside Rh2, a natural compound found in Panax ginseng, shows antiviral and anticancer activities. It is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor.

Trillin

Trillin (Disogluside, Diosgenin glucoside) is an active ingredient isolated from Dioscorea nipponica Makino and acts as a potential anti-inflammatory drug for chronic hepatic inflammation.

Sophocarpine Monohydrate

Sophocarpine, a naturally occurring tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora alopecuroides L, has shown promising therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and antivirus activities.

Muscone

Muscone, a flavouring ingredient, is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk and also a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Muscone significantly downregulats the levels of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BMDMs. Muscone remarkably decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6).

Isoxepac

Isoxepac is a non-steroidal arylacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity.

Buddlejasaponin IVb

Buddlejasaponin Ivb, a major component of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, exerts anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.

Clonixin

Clonixin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.

Methyl gallate

Methyl Gallate (Methylgallate, Gallic acid methyl ester, Gallicin) is a plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Rhapontin

Rhapontin (Ponticin, Rhaponticin, Rhapontigenin glucoside), a stibene-type glycoside distributed widely in medicinal plants of Rheum genus (Polygonaceae), has anti-inflammatory effect and anti-proliferative activity.

Rhoifolin

Rhoifolin, a natural glycoside of apigenin, has been obtained from the green leaves of Rhus succedanea and possesses a variety of significant biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects.

Gentisic acid

Gentisic acid, an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation, has a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties.

Corynoline

Corynoline is one of the major active components of many ethnopharmacological plants and exhibits anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, etc.

Sesamoside

Sesamoside, a main chemical ingredient iridoid glycoside from Lamiophlomic rotata, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies.

Calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside

Calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, an isoflavone glycoside isolated from A. mongholicus and A. membranaceus, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective biological activities.

Sauchinone

Sauchinone, one of the active lignan isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis, possesses diverse pharmacological properties, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Angoroside C

Angoroside C, an important phenylpropanoid glycoside of the traditional Chinese medicine Scrophulariae Radix, possesses the effects of preventing ventricular remodeling, reducing pulmonary oedema, and reducing blood pressure, as well as having the properties of anti-platelet aggregation, hepatoprotection and anti-nephritis, etc.

Beta-Elemonic acid

Beta-Elemonic acid, a known triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae), exhibits anti‑inflammatory effects.

Lysionotin

Lysionotin is a natural flavonoid predominantly found in fewflower lysionotus herbs and possesses many pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and free radical scavenging activities.

10-Gingerol

10-Gingerol is a bioactive compound found in ginger with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Liensinine

Liensinine, an important functional compound in lotus seeds, has anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Scopoletin

Scopoletin (Esculetin 6-methyl ether, Gelseminic acid, 6-Methylesculetin, Chrysatropic acid) is the main bioactive constituent of flower buds from Magnolia fargesii with anti-inflammatory, hypouricemic, and antioxidant activities.

Senegenin

Senegenin is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine with antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity.

p-Coumaric acid ethyl ester

p-Coumaric acid ethyl ester is the ethyl ester of p-Coumaric acid, which is a plant metabolite which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Cynarin; Cinarine; 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) is a phenolic compound found in artichoke. It shows antioxidant and choleretic properties and is a potential immunosuppressive agent.

Homoplantaginin

Homoplantaginin (Hispidulin-7-glucoside), a main flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia plebeia, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Homoplantaginin inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation.

Dehydrodiisoeugenol

Dehydrodiisoeugenol, a naturally occurring lignan from Aristolochia taliscana (Aristolochiaceae), acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and shows various pharmacological activities, including anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-bacteial function, and hepatic drug metabolism enzyme inhibition.

Orientin

Orientin (Lutexin, Luteolin-8-glucoside), isolated from medicinal plants, has various activities including anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, vasodilatation and cardioprotective, antiadipogenesis, antinociceptive, radiation protective, neuroprotective, and antidepressant-like effects.

Fraxinellone

Fraxinellone is a natural product isolated from the D. dasycarpus plant, which has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.

Diclofenac acid

Diclofenac acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, and has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of acute and chronic pain and inflammatory conditions. It inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with relative equipotency.

Ginsenoside CK

Ginsenoside CK is a ginsenoside found in Panax species and has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-allergic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent.

Eugenol

Eugenol is a naturally occuring scent chemical found in clove oil and other plants. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of increased Histamine Release, and cell-mediated Immunity.

Trifolirhizin

Trifolirhizin, a natural pterocarcan flavonoid extracted from Sophora flavescens, has many pharmacological activities, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation, and skin-whitening.

Tabersonine

Tabersonine is a terpene indole alkaloid found in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus and shows hypotensive activity, anti-tumor activity, hypoglycemic, diuretic activity.

C-DIM12

C-DIM12 is Nurr1 activator that stimulates Nurr1 mediated apoptosis axis in bladder cancer cells and tumors and inhibits NF-κB–dependent gene expression in glial cells.

Chelidonic acid

Chelidonic acid (Jerva acid, Jervaic acid, γ-Pyrone-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals. Chelidonic acid inhibits IL-6 production by blocking NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cells. Chelidonic acid is also an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase with Ki of 1.2 μM.

Tomatidine

Tomatidine, a natural steroidal alkaloid, possesses potent antibacterial activity and has anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages.

Dehydrocorydalin

Dehydrocorydalin is an alkaloidal component isolated from Rhizoma corydalis. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects and can protect the cardiovascular system.

Kaempferitrin

Kaempferitrin (Lespenefril, Lespedin, Lespenephryl, Kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside), isolated from the leaves of Hedyotis verticillata and from Onychium japonicum, has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Ononin

Ononin is an isoflavone glycoside with anti-inflammtory effects.

Tubeimoside II

Tubeimoside II (Tubeimoside B), a natural triterpenoid saponin isolated from herb, show anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antitumor-promoting effects.

Wogonoside

Wogonoside, the main flavonoid component derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, displays anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities.

Chikusetsusaponin IVa

Chikusetsusaponin IVa (Calenduloside F), a major active ingredient of triterpenoid saponins, has numerous pharmacological activities, including cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells, anti-inflammatory activity, prevention of dental caries and induction of genta-micin nephrotoxicity. Chikusetsusaponin IVa is a novel AMPK activator.

Echinatin

Echinatin is a licorice extract that displays antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activities.

Talniflumate

Talniflumate is an anti-inflammatory molecule studied and used as a mucin regulator in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Talniflumate is also an inhibitor of human calcium-activated chloride channels.

Rutin

Rutin (Rutoside), a flavonol glycoside found in many plants including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc., which possesses healthy effects for human.

Ibuprofen piconol

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with analgesic and antipyretic properties.

Pidotimod

Pidotimod is an immunostimulant.

Scutellarein

Scutellarein, extracted from the perennial herb Scutellaria lateriflora, has antioxidant, antitumor, anti-adipogenic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities

Kaurenoic acid

Kaurenoic acid (kaurenoate, kaur-16-en-18-oic acid) is a natural diterpenoid found in the herbs of Croton antisyphiliticus. Kaurenoic acid has anti-inflammatory activity, the mechanisms may through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression.

Naringenin chalcone

Naringenin chalcone is the main active component of tomato skin extract, has been proposed as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory, and a regulator of fat and sex hormone metabolism.

Tinoridine hydrochloride

Tinoridine hydrochloride is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a potent antiperoxidative activity.

Eriodictyol

Eriodictyol, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and taste-modifying properties.

Bakuchiol

Bakuchiol is a meroterpene phenol abundant in seeds and leaves of the plant Psoralea corylifolia. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Apigetrin

Apigetrin, a flavonoid found in many plant leaves and seeds, has been known to possess antimutagenic, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Balsalazide disodium

Balsalazide Disodium is the disodium salt form of balsalazide, an aminosalicylate and oral prodrug that is enzymatically cleaved in the colon to produce the anti-inflammatory agent mesalazine. Balsalazide Disodium suppress colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

Carnosol

Carnosol is a naturally occurring phenolic diterpene found in rosemary. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.

Isoacteoside

Isoacteoside, a phenylethanoid isolated from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim., is an anti‐inflammatory herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. It exhibits potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. Ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Escin

Escin (Aescin) is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum(the horse chestnut).

Punicalagin

Punicalagin, a major ellagitannin found in pomegranate extracts, has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.

Harpagide

Harpagide, isolated from the secondary roots of Harpagophytum procumbens (Hp), has valuable medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and potential antirheumatic effects.

Madecassic acid

Madecassic acid (Brahmic acid), a natural triterpene first isolated from C. asiatica, has diverse anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, blocking NF-κB activation in macrophages and causing by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 inhibition.

Neochlorogenic acid

Neochlorogenic acid (Neochlorogenate, 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in some types of dried fruits and a variety of other plant sources such as peaches. It shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antipyretic activities and exerts neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways in activated microglia.

Acetylharpagide

Acetylharpagide is a monomeric compound extracted from Ajuga decumbens, widely used for remedying infectious and inflammatory diseases.

5-Acetylsalicylic acid

5-Acetylsalicylic acid (5-acetyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

4-Biphenylacetic acid

4-Biphenylacetic acid (BPA) is a potential non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and forms solid inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin. Its interaction with quinolone antibacterial agents can induce functional blockade of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptors.

Solasonine

Solasonine, a natural glycoalkaloid compound, has anti-inflammation and anti-tumor properties.

Anwuligan

Anwuligan (Macelignan), a natural compound isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, has antimicrobial and anticariogenic activity against Streptococcus mutans and other streptococcus species. It also shows antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and neuroprotective activities.

Stylopine hydrochloride

Stylopine (Tetrahydrocoptisine, Coptisine), a major component of the leaf of Chelidonium majus L., is a protoberberine-type alkaloid that has potential biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity.

Benorylate

Benorylate (Benorilate, Benoral, Benortan) is the esterification product of paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties.

Praeruptorin D

Praeruptorin D, a major pyranocoumarin isolated from Radix Peucedani, exhibits antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Decursin

Decursin (D), purified from Angelica gigas Nakai, shows potential anti-inflammatory activity and neuroprotective property.

Neoandrographolide

Neoandrographolide, a principle diterpenoids isolated from A. paniculata, exerts a wide range of therapeutic actions, including immunosuppressant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative stress, antipyretic, anti-edematogenic, and anti-nociceptive activities.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with antiinflammatory properties, and is present in fish and fish oils, including salmon, cod, and krill oils.

2-Ethoxybenzamide

2-Ethoxybenzamide (Ethenzamide) is a common analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains.

Curcurbitacin IIA

Cucurbitacin IIa (CuIIa) is the major active component of the Helmseya amabilis root and is known to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.

Ziyuglycoside II

Ziyuglycoside II is an active compound of Sanguisorba officinalis L. that has anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antibiosis, and homeostasis properties.

Astragalus polyphenols

Astragalus is a wonderful immune enhancing herb that has strong anti-viral activity and produces extra interferon in the body. It contains rich polyphenol with various effects including antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.

Uvaol

Uvaol is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil, exhibiting both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties.

Poncirin

Poncirin, extracted from trifoliate orange, has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Columbin

Columbin, a diterpenoid furanolactone, is a potential anti-inflammatory drug.

Anisodamine Hydrobromide

Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is a naturally occurring atropine derivative and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It also inhibits α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).

Harpagoside

Harpagoside, a natural product found in the plant Harpagophytum procumbens, has potent anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Phellodendrine

Phellodendrine, a quaternary ammonium alkaloid extracted from the dried bark of Phellodendrom chinensis Schneid and Phellodendrom amurense Rupr, has the effect of suppressing cellular immune response, reducing blood pressure and antinephritis.

Xanthotoxol

Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen, 8-Hydroxypsoralene, 8-Hydroxyfuranocoumarin, Psoralen), a biologically active linear furocoumarin found in a large number of plants, shows strong pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, 5-HT antagonistic, and neuroprotective effects.

Macranthoidin A

Macranthoidin A, found in the herbs of Lonicera japonica Thunb., has anti-inflammation activity.

Tryptanthrin

Tryptanthrin is a natural alkaloidal compound having basic indoloquinazoline moiety. It has broad spectrum of biological activities including anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antiallergic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial.

Fenamic acid

Fenamic acid serves as a parent structure for several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and meclofenamic acid.

Tussilagone

Tussilagone, isolated from the flower of buds of Tussilago farfara (Compositae), is a sesquiterpenoid that is used as a traditional oriental medicine for asthma and bronchitis. It shows anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro studies.

Fosfosal

Fosfosal (2-phosphonoxy benzoic acid) is a non-acetylated salicylic acid derivative, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, but without effects on PG biosynthesis in vitro.

Ruscogenin

Ruscogenin, a major steroidal sapogenin of traditional Chinese herb Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, has been reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities.

Ferulic acid methyl ester

Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl Ferulate, Methyl 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamate) is a lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid, which is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is abundant in plants. It shows the strongest antioxidant activity and can protect against inflammation and cancer.

Forsythoside B

Forsythoside B is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, a Chinese folk medicinal plant. Forsythoside B has potent neuroprotective effects and has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antisepsis properties. Forsythoside B could inhibit TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and modulate NF-κB.

Cortisone

Cortisone is a pregnane steroid hormone and one of main substance released by the body as a reaction to stress. It suppresses the immune system, thus reducing inflammation and attendant pain and swelling at the site of the injury.

Rituximab (anti-CD20)

Rituximab (anti-CD20) is a chimeric anti-CD20 mAb that binds the CD20 antigen on B cells with a binding affinity of 5 nM, MW: 143.86 KD.

Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4)

Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) is an immunomodulatory monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface antigen CTLA-4 and also a type of immune checkpoint inhibitor. MW : 148 kD.

Cyclosporin A

Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressive agent, binds to the cyclophilin and then inhibits calcineurin with IC50 of 7 nM in a cell-free assay, widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection.

Pimecrolimus

Pimecrolimus (ASM 981) is an immunophilin ligand, which binds specifically to the cytosolic receptor, immunophilin macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12); a calcineurin inhibitor.

Bestatin

Bestatin (Ubenimex) is a potent aminopeptidase-B and leukotriene (LT) A4 hydrolase inhibitor, used in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia.

Danicopan (ACH-4471)

Danicopan (ACH-4471, ACH-0144471, ACH-CFDIS, ALXN 2040) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of factor D with Kd of 0.54 nM for human Factor D. Danicopan inhibits alternative pathway of complement (APC) activity, and has potential to block the alternative pathway of complement in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).

Prednisone

Prednisone (Adasone) is a synthetic corticosteroid agent that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant compound.

Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine is a calcineurin phosphatase pathway inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant drug to prevent rejection in organ transplantation.

Sulfasalazine

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine, Salazopyrin, Sulphasalazine) is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy.

Phenylbutazone

Phenylbutazone (Butazolidine) is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of chronic pain, including the symptoms of arthritis.

Tenoxicam

Tenoxicam is a good HO. radicals scavenger with an IC50 of 56.7 μM.

Demethylzeylasteral (T-96)

Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), the active component isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., inhibits UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 with immunosuppressive effects.

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate

Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extracted and purified from liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae). It is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of NF‑κB, TNF‑α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

Bendazac

Bendazac (bendazolic acid, AF-983) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that delays the cataractogenic process. It may act by preventing protein denaturation.

Flufenamic acid

Flufenamic Acid is an anti-inflammatory agent, and also acts as an ion channel modulator.

Incensole acetate

Incensole acetate, isolated from Boswellia Resin, is a novel anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits NF-κB activation.

Royal jelly acid

Royal jelly acid is the principal lipid component in royal jelly which is the food for queen and larvae honeybees. It is involved in several treatment processes of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated macrophage responses, inhibition of T-cell proliferation and anti-rheumatoid activity.

GI254023X

GI254023X is a selective inhibitor of ADAM10 with 100-fold selectivity for ADAM10 over ADAM17. The IC50 values for recombinant ADAM10 amd ADAM17 are 5.3 nM and 541 nM, respectively.

Tiaprofenic acid

Tiaprofenic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, especially arthritic pain.

Ethyl caffeate

Ethyl caffeate, a naturally occurring compound found in Bidens pilosa, suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in vitro.

Patchouli alcohol

Patchouli alcohol (Patchoulol, Patchouli camphor), an ingredient in pogostemonis herba, has various pharmacological activities and acts as an inhibitor of asexual fungal propagation, inflammation, the influenza virus, and tumorigenesis.

Salvianolic acid A

Salvianolic acid A (Dan Phenolic Acid A), a water-soluble compound extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound that also acts as an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction mediated by SH2 domains of Src-family kinases Src and Lck.

Sinomenine hydrochloride

Sinomenine (SN, Cucoline, Kukoline, Sabianine A), extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant, sinomenium acutum, is a potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.

Atractylenolide I

Atractylenolide I is the major sesquiterpenoid of the rhizome of A. macrocephala and shows a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, digestion promoting, and antioxidant effects.

Trilobatin

Trilobatin (P-Phlorizin), a natural flavonoid lipid molecule, is an HIV-1 entry inhibitor targeting the HIV-1 Gp41 envelope and exihibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

Sanguinarine

Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid known as an anti-inflammatory agent, is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB activation.

Sweroside

Sweroside, a bioactive herbal ingredient isolated from Fructus Corni, exhibits diverse biological activities, such as anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.

Bindarit

Bindarit (AF 2838) exhibits selective inhibition against monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-2/CCL8.

Corilagin

Corilagin, discovered in many medicinal plants such as Phyllanthus speices etc., has multiple activities including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, hepatoprotective and others. It is an inhibitor of TNF-α.

Compstatin

Compstatin binds to complement component C3 and inhibits complement activation with IC50 of 12 μM.

Ganoderic acid A

Ganoderic acid A (GAA), a representative active triterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum, has been reported to exhibit antinociceptive, antioxidative, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities.

Eleutheroside E

Eleutheroside E, a principal component of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and protecting against myocardial infarction.

Isopsoralen

Isopsoralen (Angelicin), also known as angelicin, is a constituent of roots and leaves of angelica with anti-inflammatory activity and regulates LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways. It also shows antiviral activity against gammaherpesviruses.

TAPI-1

TAPI-1 is an ADAM17/TACE inhibitor, which blocks shedding of cytokine receptors. TAPI-1 is also an inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP).

Picfeltarraenin IA

Picfeltarraenin IA is an AChE inhibitior, and an potential PI3K and EGFR inhibitor. It also acts as an inhibitor on both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system.

Peiminine

Peiminine, a biologically active component extracted from Fritillaria walujewii Regel, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects. It induces autophagic cell death thus represses colorectal carcinoma tumor growth.

Saikosaponin A

Saikosaponin A is a triterpene saponin derived from the medicinal plant, Bupleurum chinensis DC. (Umbelliferae). It has a variety of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-bacterial activities.

Diflorasone

Diflorasone acts as a corticosteroid hormone receptor agonist with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

Loxoprofen Sodium

Loxoprofen sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

SB290157 trifluoroacetate

SB290157 trifluoroacetate is a potent and selective antagonist of C3a receptor with IC50 of 200 nM.

Avacopan

Avacopan (CCX168) is an orally administered and selective C5a receptor (C5aR) antagonist.

Pranlukast

Pranlukast (ONO-1078) is an orally administered, and selective antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) C(4), LTD(4) and LTE(4), used in the prophylactic treatment of chronic bronchial asthma.

Idramantone

Idramantone is an immune agonist.

Latanoprost

Latanoprost (Xalatan, PhXA41) is a prostaglandin F2alpha analogue and a prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist with an ocular hypertensive effect. Latanoprost increases uveoscleral outflow and thereby reduces intraocular pressure.

Roquinimex

Roquinimex (FCF 89, Linomide, LS 2616) is a novel immunomodulator augmenting natural killer (NK) cell activity and T-lymphocyte related effector functions. Roquinimex is a potent oral active tumor antiangiogenic agent. Roquinimex inhibits the secretion of TNF-α.

Prednisolone

Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties.

Methylprednisolone

Methylprednisolone (NSC-19987) is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, used to achieve prompt suppression of inflammation. Methylprednisolone activates ACE2 and reduces IL-6 levels, thus improves severe or critical COVID-19. Methylprednisolone markedly reduces autophagy and apoptosis.

Laquinimod

Laquinimod (ABR-215062, LAQ) is a potent immunomodulator. Phase 3.

VGX-1027

VGX-1027 (GIT 27) is an orally active immunomodulator. Phase 1.

AS101

AS101, a potent in vitro and in vivo immunomodulator, is a novel inhibitor of IL-1beta converting enzyme.

Iberdomide (CC220)

Iberdomide (CC-220) is a novel oral immunomodulatory compound that targets cereblon, part of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, with an IC50 of 60 nM in a competitive TR-FRET assay. Iberdomide (CC-220) induces apoptosis with antitumor and immunostimulatory activities.

Avadomide(CC-122)

Avadomide(CC-122), a new chemical entity termed pleiotropic pathway modifier, is a novel agent for Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) with antitumor and immunomodulatory activity. Its molecular target is the protein cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4^CRBN.

Amlexanox

Amlexanox is an anti-inflammatory antiallergic immunomodulator and also an inhibitor of the protein kinases TBK1 and IKK-ε.

Thymopentin

Thymopentin has immuno-regulatory activities. The immuno-regulatory actions of thymopentin on peripheral T cells are mediated by intracellular cyclic GMP elevations in contrast to the intracellular cyclic AMP elevations induced in precursor T cells that trigger their further differentiation to T cells.

Y-320

Y-320 is an orally active immunomodulator, and inhibits IL-17 production by CD4 T cells stimulated with IL-15 with IC50 of 20 to 60 nM.

Lentinan

Lentinan, isolated and purified from a hot water extract of Lentinula edodes fruit bodies, is a fungal polysaccharide immunomodulator with anti-tumor effects.

Actarit

Actarit is an orally active immunomodulator used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Imiquimod

Imiquimod (R-837, S-26308) is a novel synthetic agent with immune response modifying activity.

Tranilast

Tranilast (SB 252218) is an antiallergic drug by inhibiting lipid mediator and cytokine release from inflammatory cells, used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Etofenamate

Etofenamate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the treatment of joint and muscular pain.

Teriflunomide

Teriflunomide (A77 1726, HMR-1726) is the active metabolite of leflunomide, inhibiting pyrimidine de novo synthesis by blocking the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, used as an immunomodulatory agent.

Geniposidic acid

Geniposidic acid is an iridoid glucoside, used to treat inflammation, jaundice and hepatic disorders.

Levamisole hydrochloride

Levamisole, also known as (-)-Tetramisole, is an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase, used as an anthelmintic.

Mesalamine

Mesalamine (5-Aminosalicylic acid) is a specific inhibitor of TNFα-induced IKK activity, used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.

Tempol

Tempol (4-Hydroxy-TEMPO) is a superoxide scavenger that displays neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Phase 2.

Flurbiprofen

Flurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Diclofenac Potassium

Diclofenac potassium (CGP-45840B) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.

Halcinonide

Halcinonide is a high potency corticosteroid used in topical preparations as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Fenoprofen Calcium

Fenoprofen Calcium is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory antiarthritic agent.

Amodiaquine hydrochloride

Amodiaquine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of amodiaquine, an orally active 4-aminoquinoline derivative with antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Aucubin

Aucubin (Rhinanthin), an iridoid glycoside existing in medicinal plants, has been reported to show an anti-inflammatory activity by suppression of TNF-α production in murine macrophages.

Hydrocortisone acetate

Hydrocortisone Acetate (Cortisol 21-acetate) is the synthetic acetate salt form of hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

Curculigoside

Curculigoside, a diterpenoid triepoxide, is one of the main bioactive phenolic compounds isolated from the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. and has potent antioxidant, anti-osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects.

Batyl alcohol

Batyl alcohol, isolated from shark liver oil, is also present in yellow bone marrow of animals and has been described as an inflammatory agent.

Monotropein

Monotropein, an iridoids glycoside isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis How, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.

Trans-Tranilast

Trans-Tranilast is an antiallergic drug, used to treat bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Verbascoside

Verbascoside (Acteoside, Kusaginin), a phenylpropanoid glycoside from lemon verbena, has several biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant.

Oxaceprol

Oxaceprol (N-acetyl-L-hydroxyproline) is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Diclofenac Epolamine

Diclofenac Epolamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions.

Picolinic acid (PCL 016)

PCL016 is a pyridine carboxylate metabolite of tryptophan and acts as an anti-infective and immunomodulator. It acts by binding with the zinc associated with zinc finger proteins to alter their structure and inhibit function.

Thymol

Thymol, a naturally occurring monocyclic phenolic compound derived from Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory property in vivo and vitro.

Lodoxamide Tromethamine

Lodoxamide Tromethamine is the tromethamide salt form of lodoxamide, a synthetic mast cell stabilizing compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

Sodium gualenate

Sodium gualenate (Guaiazulenesulfonate sodium), a hydrophilic derivative of guaiazulene (GA), is an unstable compound, which is gradually decomposed in the solid state at room temperature. It has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects.

Notopterol

Notopterol is a kind of furanocoumarin that possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer activities.

Lupeol

Lupeol (Clerodol, Monogynol B, Fagarasterol, Farganasterol) is a significant lupane-type triterpene represented in the plant, fungi and animal kingdoms with anticancer, antiprotozoal, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Oroxylin A

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria root that exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-tumor properties.

Jujuboside A

Jujuboside A, isolated from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and reduces the cell apoptosis.

Esculentoside A

Esculentoside A, isolated from the Chinese herb phytolacca esculenta, possesses a broad inhibitory effect on a panel of pro-inflammation molecules with less toxicity.

Tetramethylpyrazine

Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine, TMP) is a natural compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate

Glycyrrhizinate dipotassium (Neubormitin) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root.

6-Shogaol

6-Shogaol, a naturally occuring product found in ginger, has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

Schisandrin C

Schisandrin C, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, has many characteristics including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation.

Nootkatone

Nootkatone, a natural ingredient that occurs in grapefruit and certain other plants, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Veratric acid

Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid), a simple benzoic acid derived from plants and fruits, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.

Santalol

Santalol is a naturally occuring sesquiterpene that has antibacterial, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Berberrubine

Berberrubine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from many medicinal plants, possesses diverse pharmacological activities, including glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.

Isofraxidin

Isofraxidin (6,8-Dimethoxyumbelliferone), a bioactive coumarin compound isolated from the functional foods Siberian ginseng and Apium graveolens, is an anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.

Narirutin

Narirutin, a flavanone abundant in citrus fruits, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.

Protosappanin B

Protosappanin B (FT-0689654, Q-100961), extracted from Lignum Sappan, possesses anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation properties.

Phellodendrine chloride

Phellodendrine chloride, isolated from the Phellodrndron amurensis, exhibits immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Acacetin

Acacetin (Linarigenin, 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, 4'-Methoxyapigenin) is a flavonoid compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-peroxidative effects.

Tiliroside

Tiliroside, a glycosidic flavonoid, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective activities.

Isoliensinine

Isoliensinine is an alkaloid produced by the edible plant Nelumbo nucifera. It possesses anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Quercitrin

Quercitrin (3-rhamnosyl quercetin, Sophoretin, Meletin, Xanthaurine), a glycoside of quercetin, has been found as a main bioactive constituent in T. sinensis leaves and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities.

Homoorientin

Homoorientin is a flavone that acts as a radical scavenger and an antineoplastic agent.

Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate

Stearyl glycyrrhetinate, the stearyl ester of 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, has been demonstrated to improve antiviral effects, reduce inflammation and suppress allergies in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.

N-Acetylcysteine amide

N-acetylcysteine amide is a membrane penetrating antioxidant with anti-inflamatory activity through regulation of activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α as well as modulation of ROS.

Skimmin

Skimmin is one of the major pharmacologically active molecules present in Hydrangea paniculata, a medical herb used in the traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent.

β-Caryophyllene

β-Caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils. It acts as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a fragrance and a metabolite.

Ginsenoside Rc

Ginsenoside Rc, isolated from Panax ginseng, may exert various activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and anti-diabetic effects.

Echinocystic acid

Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural triterpone enriched in various herbs, displays a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Koumine

Koumine, a Gelsemium alkaloid, possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory and neurosteroid modulating activities.

(±)-α-Bisabolol

α-bisabolol is a small, plant-derived, oily sesquiterpene alcohol with some anti-inflammatory and even anti-microbial properties.

Eleutheroside B

Eleutheroside B (syringin, Syringoside, Lilacin) is a phenylpropanoid glycoside first isolated from A. senticosus and has neuroprotective, tonic, adaptogenic, and immune-modulating properties.

Gastrodin

Gastrodin (Gastrodine), an anti-inflammatory polyphenol extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodia elata Blume., benefits neurodegenerative diseases.

Demethoxycurcumin

Demethoxycurcumin, a natural demethoxy derivative of curcumin, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-angiogenesis properties.

Lappaconite HBr

Lappaconite Hydrobromide is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and has anti-inflammatory effects.

Peimine

Peimine (Verticine, Wanpeinine A) is a major biologically active component of Fritillaria ussuriensis, exhibits anti-inflammatory and pain suppression properties at the cellular level.

Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid (Arachidonate) is an unsaturated, essential fatty acid found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs. It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

Genkwanin

Genkwanin (Apigenin 7-methyl ether) is one of the major non-glycosylated flavonoids in herbs. It has a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiplasmodial, radical scavenging, chemopreventive and inhibiting 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activities.

Casticin

Casticin, as the major active substance in Lithospermum erythrorhyzon, had been reported to mediate multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, antiviral, cardiovascular protection, antineoplastic and anti-inflammation.

Astragalin

Astragalin (kaempferol-3-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-D-glucoside), a flavonoid from leaves of persimmon and green tea seeds, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.

Linarin

Linarin, a natural flavonoid cpompound, has pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, cardioprotective and antioxidative effects.

Adelmidrol

Adelmidrol is an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) with anti-inflammatory activities.

Isoliquiritin

Isoliquiritin (Neoisoliquritin) is a flavonoid glycoside compound from licorice possessing a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-depression activities.

Benzydamine HCl

Benzydamine HCl (AF864) is a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and local anesthetic activity.

Fraxin

Fraxin, a main active component isolated from Cortex Fraxini, possesses a variety of bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-hyperuricemia and diuresis.

Kirenol

Kirenol is a biologically active substance isolated from Herba Siegesbeckiae. It has been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-adipogenic, and anti-arthritic activities.

Corylin

Corylin, a main compound isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-proliferation, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Coumarin

Coumarin is a secondary phytochemical with hepatotoxic and carcinogenic properties.

Methylprotodioscin

"Methyl protodioscin, a bioactive natural compound isolated from Dioscorea collettii Makino (Dioscoreaceae), has numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, and anticancer activities."

Ufenamate

Ufenamate is an anthranilic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity.

Ethyl pyruvate

Ethyl pyruvate is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions.

4-Methylesculetin

4-methylesculetin is one of the coumarin derivatives with great anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 4-Methylesculetin inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reduces IL-6 level.

Platycodin D

Platycodin D, the main saponin isolated from Chinese herb Platycodonis Radix, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cholesterol-lowering and neuroprotective properties.

Paulownin

Paulownin, a furofuran lignan from Paulownia tomentosa, has anti-inflammation, analgesia, immunity, hypoglycemia properties.

Micheliolide

Micheliolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Michelia compressa and Michelia champaca, inhibits various inflammatory response and may serve as a neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Germacrone

Germacrone, a major activity component found in Curcuma zedoaria oil product, shows anti-inflammatory, antiandrogenic, and antimicrobial activities.

Rheic Acid

Rhein (Monorhein, NSC 38629, Rheinic) is an anthraquinone compound enriched in the fresh rhizome of Rheum coreanum Nakai, showing anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. Rhein is an FTO (mRNA N⁶-methyladenine demethylase) inhibitor and also inhibits AlkB repair enzymes.

Quillaic acid

Atractylenolide III

Atractylenolide III, a major component of Atractylodes rhizome, has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis activities.

Tolmetin

Tolmetin (Tolectin) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the heterocyclic acetic acid derivative class and also exhibits analgesic and antipyretic activity.

20S-Ginsenoside Rg3

20S-Ginsenoside Rg3 is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, red ginseng. It exihits neuromodulatory, cognition enhancing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer activities.

20S-Ginsenoside Rh2

20S-Ginsenoside Rh2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species and inhibits cancer development, progression, and metastasis.

Forsythoside A

Forsythoside A, one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory properties.

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1

(20R)-Ginsenoside Rh1, isolated from the root of Panax Ginseng, exhibits various pharmacological activities including vasorelaxation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anticancer.

Sasapyrine

Sasapyrine (Salsalate, NSC-49171) is a nonsteroidal oral anti-inflammatory agent.

Pipecolic acid

Pipecolic acid (piperidine-2-carboxylic acid), a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike.

CORM-3

CORM-3 is a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity.

Aceclofenac

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Astilbin

Astilbin (Isoastilbin, Neoastilbin, Neoisoastilbin, Taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside), a flavonoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb, displays anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities.

Alnustone

Alnustone, a naturally occuring compound found in the rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic and antiemetic activities.

Iguratimod

Iguratimod is a small molecule compound with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions and used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Bornyl acetate

Bornyl acetate, the main volatile constituent in numerous conifer oils and some Chinese traditional herbs, exhibits anti-inflammatory property and it is used as an analgesic.

Pectolinarin

Pectolinarin is a major compound in Cirsium setidens with anti-inflammatory activity. Pectolinarin inhibits secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the production of PGE2 and NO. Pectolinarin induces apoptosis via inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Irisflorentin

Irisflorentin derived from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. is an herb which has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders in traditional Chinese medicine.

Loxoprofen

Loxoprofen (Koloxo, Loxoprofene, Loxoprofeno) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the propionic acid derivatives group.

Auraptene

Auraptene is a natural coumarin derived from citrus plants and possesses valuable pharmacological properties, including anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antihelicobacter, antigenotoxic, and neuroprotective effects. Auraptene inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) as well as key inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5(CCL5).

Picroside II

Picroside II is the main active ingredient in iridoid glycosides, which is the principal component of Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities.

Asperulosid

Asperuloside, an iridoid glycoside found in Herba Paederiae, is a component from traditional Chinese herbal medicine and exerts anti-inflammatory effect.

Methylprednisolone sodium succinate

Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (U-9088, 6α-Methylprednisolone 21-hemisuccinate Sodium) is a corticosteroid medication that reduces inflammation.

Calycosin

Calycosin, an isoflavonoid, is the major active component in Radix Astragali. It shows antitumor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and pro-angiogenesis effects.

Ethyl 4-Methoxycinnamate

Ethyl 4-Methoxycinnamate, a natural product found in K. galanga and C. zedoaria extracts, has anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antifungal, larvicidal, and analgesic activities.

Tenacissoside H

Tenacissoside H, a natural compound found in M. tenacissima, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Sinigrin

Sinigrin is a glucosinolate found in some plants of the Brassicaceae family and exerts various activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Sinigrin is a glucosinolate found in some plants of the Brassicaceae family and exerts various activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and wound healing effects.

Isoprinosine

Isoprinosine (Inosine pranobex, Immunovir, Groprinosin, Delimmun) is an immunopharmacologic agent with antiviral activities.

Hydroxy safflor yellow A

Hydroxy safflor yellow A, a monomer extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L., possesses various kinds of bio-activities, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory actions, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-tumor and anti-myocardial injury effects.

Dehydroandrographolide Succinate Potasium Salt

Dehydroandrographolide Succinate (DAS), extracted from herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees, is widely used for the treatment of viral pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections because of its immunostimulatory, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effect.

Ligustrazine hydrochloride

Tetramethylpyrazine, also known as ligustrazine, is a chemical compound found in natto and in fermented cocoa beans with anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antiapoptosis activities.

Salicylamide

Salicylamide (o-hydroxybenzamide) is a non-prescription drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties.

Cl-amidine

Cl-amidine is an irreversible pan-peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.9 ± 0.3 μM, 0.8 ± 0.3 μM, 6.2 ± 1.0 μM for PAD4, PAD1 and PAD3, respectively. Cl-amidine induces apoptosis.

Sophoricoside

Sophoricoside (SOPH) is an isoflavone isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) with numerous pharmacological effects, including anti- inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive effects.

Fenoprofen calcium hydrate

Fenoprofen calcium hydrate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Isovitexin

Isovitexin (saponaretin, Apigenin-6-C-glucoside), an active component of many traditional Chinese medicines, has various activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-alzheimer disease (AD) effects and so on.

Pseudoprotodioscin

Pseudoprotodioscin is a steroidal saponin from plants and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.

(20R)Ginsenoside Rh2

(20R)Ginsenoside Rh2, a natural compound found in Panax ginseng, shows antiviral and anticancer activities. It is a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor.

Trillin

Trillin (Disogluside, Diosgenin glucoside) is an active ingredient isolated from Dioscorea nipponica Makino and acts as a potential anti-inflammatory drug for chronic hepatic inflammation.

Sophocarpine Monohydrate

Sophocarpine, a naturally occurring tetracyclic quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora alopecuroides L, has shown promising therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and antivirus activities.

Muscone

Muscone, a flavouring ingredient, is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk and also a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Muscone significantly downregulats the levels of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BMDMs. Muscone remarkably decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6).

Isoxepac

Isoxepac is a non-steroidal arylacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity.

Buddlejasaponin IVb

Buddlejasaponin Ivb, a major component of Pleurospermum kamtschaticum, exerts anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.

Clonixin

Clonixin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.

Methyl gallate

Methyl Gallate (Methylgallate, Gallic acid methyl ester, Gallicin) is a plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Rhapontin

Rhapontin (Ponticin, Rhaponticin, Rhapontigenin glucoside), a stibene-type glycoside distributed widely in medicinal plants of Rheum genus (Polygonaceae), has anti-inflammatory effect and anti-proliferative activity.

Rhoifolin

Rhoifolin, a natural glycoside of apigenin, has been obtained from the green leaves of Rhus succedanea and possesses a variety of significant biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects.

Gentisic acid

Gentisic acid, an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation, has a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties.

Corynoline

Corynoline is one of the major active components of many ethnopharmacological plants and exhibits anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, etc.

Sesamoside

Sesamoside, a main chemical ingredient iridoid glycoside from Lamiophlomic rotata, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies.

Calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside

Calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, an isoflavone glycoside isolated from A. mongholicus and A. membranaceus, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective biological activities.

Sauchinone

Sauchinone, one of the active lignan isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis, possesses diverse pharmacological properties, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Angoroside C

Angoroside C, an important phenylpropanoid glycoside of the traditional Chinese medicine Scrophulariae Radix, possesses the effects of preventing ventricular remodeling, reducing pulmonary oedema, and reducing blood pressure, as well as having the properties of anti-platelet aggregation, hepatoprotection and anti-nephritis, etc.

Beta-Elemonic acid

Beta-Elemonic acid, a known triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae), exhibits anti‑inflammatory effects.

Lysionotin

Lysionotin is a natural flavonoid predominantly found in fewflower lysionotus herbs and possesses many pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and free radical scavenging activities.

10-Gingerol

10-Gingerol is a bioactive compound found in ginger with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Liensinine

Liensinine, an important functional compound in lotus seeds, has anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Scopoletin

Scopoletin (Esculetin 6-methyl ether, Gelseminic acid, 6-Methylesculetin, Chrysatropic acid) is the main bioactive constituent of flower buds from Magnolia fargesii with anti-inflammatory, hypouricemic, and antioxidant activities.

Senegenin

Senegenin is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine with antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity.

p-Coumaric acid ethyl ester

p-Coumaric acid ethyl ester is the ethyl ester of p-Coumaric acid, which is a plant metabolite which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Cynarin; Cinarine; 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) is a phenolic compound found in artichoke. It shows antioxidant and choleretic properties and is a potential immunosuppressive agent.

Homoplantaginin

Homoplantaginin (Hispidulin-7-glucoside), a main flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia plebeia, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Homoplantaginin inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation.

Dehydrodiisoeugenol

Dehydrodiisoeugenol, a naturally occurring lignan from Aristolochia taliscana (Aristolochiaceae), acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and shows various pharmacological activities, including anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-bacteial function, and hepatic drug metabolism enzyme inhibition.

Orientin

Orientin (Lutexin, Luteolin-8-glucoside), isolated from medicinal plants, has various activities including anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, vasodilatation and cardioprotective, antiadipogenesis, antinociceptive, radiation protective, neuroprotective, and antidepressant-like effects.

Fraxinellone

Fraxinellone is a natural product isolated from the D. dasycarpus plant, which has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.

Diclofenac acid

Diclofenac acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, and has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of acute and chronic pain and inflammatory conditions. It inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with relative equipotency.

Ginsenoside CK

Ginsenoside CK is a ginsenoside found in Panax species and has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-allergic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent.

Eugenol

Eugenol is a naturally occuring scent chemical found in clove oil and other plants. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of increased Histamine Release, and cell-mediated Immunity.

Trifolirhizin

Trifolirhizin, a natural pterocarcan flavonoid extracted from Sophora flavescens, has many pharmacological activities, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation, and skin-whitening.

Tabersonine

Tabersonine is a terpene indole alkaloid found in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus and shows hypotensive activity, anti-tumor activity, hypoglycemic, diuretic activity.

C-DIM12

C-DIM12 is Nurr1 activator that stimulates Nurr1 mediated apoptosis axis in bladder cancer cells and tumors and inhibits NF-κB–dependent gene expression in glial cells.

Chelidonic acid

Chelidonic acid (Jerva acid, Jervaic acid, γ-Pyrone-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals. Chelidonic acid inhibits IL-6 production by blocking NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cells. Chelidonic acid is also an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase with Ki of 1.2 μM.

Tomatidine

Tomatidine, a natural steroidal alkaloid, possesses potent antibacterial activity and has anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages.

Dehydrocorydalin

Dehydrocorydalin is an alkaloidal component isolated from Rhizoma corydalis. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects and can protect the cardiovascular system.

Kaempferitrin

Kaempferitrin (Lespenefril, Lespedin, Lespenephryl, Kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside), isolated from the leaves of Hedyotis verticillata and from Onychium japonicum, has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Ononin

Ononin is an isoflavone glycoside with anti-inflammtory effects.

Tubeimoside II

Tubeimoside II (Tubeimoside B), a natural triterpenoid saponin isolated from herb, show anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antitumor-promoting effects.

Wogonoside

Wogonoside, the main flavonoid component derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, displays anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities.

Chikusetsusaponin IVa

Chikusetsusaponin IVa (Calenduloside F), a major active ingredient of triterpenoid saponins, has numerous pharmacological activities, including cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells, anti-inflammatory activity, prevention of dental caries and induction of genta-micin nephrotoxicity. Chikusetsusaponin IVa is a novel AMPK activator.

Echinatin

Echinatin is a licorice extract that displays antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory activities.

Talniflumate

Talniflumate is an anti-inflammatory molecule studied and used as a mucin regulator in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Talniflumate is also an inhibitor of human calcium-activated chloride channels.

Rutin

Rutin (Rutoside), a flavonol glycoside found in many plants including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc., which possesses healthy effects for human.

Ibuprofen piconol

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with analgesic and antipyretic properties.

Pidotimod

Pidotimod is an immunostimulant.

Scutellarein

Scutellarein, extracted from the perennial herb Scutellaria lateriflora, has antioxidant, antitumor, anti-adipogenic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities

Kaurenoic acid

Kaurenoic acid (kaurenoate, kaur-16-en-18-oic acid) is a natural diterpenoid found in the herbs of Croton antisyphiliticus. Kaurenoic acid has anti-inflammatory activity, the mechanisms may through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression.

Naringenin chalcone

Naringenin chalcone is the main active component of tomato skin extract, has been proposed as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory, and a regulator of fat and sex hormone metabolism.

Tinoridine hydrochloride

Tinoridine hydrochloride is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a potent antiperoxidative activity.

Eriodictyol

Eriodictyol, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and taste-modifying properties.

Bakuchiol

Bakuchiol is a meroterpene phenol abundant in seeds and leaves of the plant Psoralea corylifolia. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Apigetrin

Apigetrin, a flavonoid found in many plant leaves and seeds, has been known to possess antimutagenic, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Balsalazide disodium

Balsalazide Disodium is the disodium salt form of balsalazide, an aminosalicylate and oral prodrug that is enzymatically cleaved in the colon to produce the anti-inflammatory agent mesalazine. Balsalazide Disodium suppress colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulation of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

Carnosol

Carnosol is a naturally occurring phenolic diterpene found in rosemary. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.

Isoacteoside

Isoacteoside, a phenylethanoid isolated from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim., is an anti‐inflammatory herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. It exhibits potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. Ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Escin

Escin (Aescin) is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum(the horse chestnut).

Punicalagin

Punicalagin, a major ellagitannin found in pomegranate extracts, has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.

Harpagide

Harpagide, isolated from the secondary roots of Harpagophytum procumbens (Hp), has valuable medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and potential antirheumatic effects.

Madecassic acid

Madecassic acid (Brahmic acid), a natural triterpene first isolated from C. asiatica, has diverse anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, blocking NF-κB activation in macrophages and causing by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 inhibition.

Neochlorogenic acid

Neochlorogenic acid (Neochlorogenate, 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in some types of dried fruits and a variety of other plant sources such as peaches. It shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antipyretic activities and exerts neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways in activated microglia.

Acetylharpagide

Acetylharpagide is a monomeric compound extracted from Ajuga decumbens, widely used for remedying infectious and inflammatory diseases.

5-Acetylsalicylic acid

5-Acetylsalicylic acid (5-acetyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

4-Biphenylacetic acid

4-Biphenylacetic acid (BPA) is a potential non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and forms solid inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin. Its interaction with quinolone antibacterial agents can induce functional blockade of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptors.

Solasonine

Solasonine, a natural glycoalkaloid compound, has anti-inflammation and anti-tumor properties.

Anwuligan

Anwuligan (Macelignan), a natural compound isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, has antimicrobial and anticariogenic activity against Streptococcus mutans and other streptococcus species. It also shows antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and neuroprotective activities.

Stylopine hydrochloride

Stylopine (Tetrahydrocoptisine, Coptisine), a major component of the leaf of Chelidonium majus L., is a protoberberine-type alkaloid that has potential biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity.

Benorylate

Benorylate (Benorilate, Benoral, Benortan) is the esterification product of paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties.

Praeruptorin D

Praeruptorin D, a major pyranocoumarin isolated from Radix Peucedani, exhibits antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Decursin

Decursin (D), purified from Angelica gigas Nakai, shows potential anti-inflammatory activity and neuroprotective property.

Neoandrographolide

Neoandrographolide, a principle diterpenoids isolated from A. paniculata, exerts a wide range of therapeutic actions, including immunosuppressant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative stress, antipyretic, anti-edematogenic, and anti-nociceptive activities.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with antiinflammatory properties, and is present in fish and fish oils, including salmon, cod, and krill oils.

2-Ethoxybenzamide

2-Ethoxybenzamide (Ethenzamide) is a common analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains.

Curcurbitacin IIA

Cucurbitacin IIa (CuIIa) is the major active component of the Helmseya amabilis root and is known to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.

Ziyuglycoside II

Ziyuglycoside II is an active compound of Sanguisorba officinalis L. that has anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antibiosis, and homeostasis properties.

Astragalus polyphenols

Astragalus is a wonderful immune enhancing herb that has strong anti-viral activity and produces extra interferon in the body. It contains rich polyphenol with various effects including antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.

Uvaol

Uvaol is a pentacyclic triterpene, found in the non-glyceride fraction of olive pomace oil, exhibiting both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties.

Poncirin

Poncirin, extracted from trifoliate orange, has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Columbin

Columbin, a diterpenoid furanolactone, is a potential anti-inflammatory drug.

Anisodamine Hydrobromide

Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is a naturally occurring atropine derivative and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It also inhibits α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).

Harpagoside

Harpagoside, a natural product found in the plant Harpagophytum procumbens, has potent anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Phellodendrine

Phellodendrine, a quaternary ammonium alkaloid extracted from the dried bark of Phellodendrom chinensis Schneid and Phellodendrom amurense Rupr, has the effect of suppressing cellular immune response, reducing blood pressure and antinephritis.

Xanthotoxol

Xanthotoxol (8-Hydroxypsoralen, 8-Hydroxypsoralene, 8-Hydroxyfuranocoumarin, Psoralen), a biologically active linear furocoumarin found in a large number of plants, shows strong pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, 5-HT antagonistic, and neuroprotective effects.

Macranthoidin A

Macranthoidin A, found in the herbs of Lonicera japonica Thunb., has anti-inflammation activity.

Tryptanthrin

Tryptanthrin is a natural alkaloidal compound having basic indoloquinazoline moiety. It has broad spectrum of biological activities including anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antiallergic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial.

Fenamic acid

Fenamic acid serves as a parent structure for several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and meclofenamic acid.

Tussilagone

Tussilagone, isolated from the flower of buds of Tussilago farfara (Compositae), is a sesquiterpenoid that is used as a traditional oriental medicine for asthma and bronchitis. It shows anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro studies.

Fosfosal

Fosfosal (2-phosphonoxy benzoic acid) is a non-acetylated salicylic acid derivative, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, but without effects on PG biosynthesis in vitro.

Ruscogenin

Ruscogenin, a major steroidal sapogenin of traditional Chinese herb Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, has been reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities.

Ferulic acid methyl ester

Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl Ferulate, Methyl 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamate) is a lipophilic derivative of ferulic acid, which is a hydroxycinnamic acid that is abundant in plants. It shows the strongest antioxidant activity and can protect against inflammation and cancer.

Forsythoside B

Forsythoside B is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, a Chinese folk medicinal plant. Forsythoside B has potent neuroprotective effects and has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antisepsis properties. Forsythoside B could inhibit TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and modulate NF-κB.

Cortisone

Cortisone is a pregnane steroid hormone and one of main substance released by the body as a reaction to stress. It suppresses the immune system, thus reducing inflammation and attendant pain and swelling at the site of the injury.