HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING IN DRUG DISCOVERIES

HIgh throughput screening:
For the treatment of life taking diseases such as cancers are always in a need to be treated with novel therapeutics, in order to full fill this task many techniques are accepted. High throughput screening is found as the most remarkable strategy in order to discover new potent drugs. Another name of this technique is High throughput screening assay and this technique is being developed more and more due to latest automatic machines which also ensures its accuracy and speed. For a drug discovery High throughput screening works under pharmaceutical, biological or biochemical environment to find out the ability of drug against specific disease [1]. Mostly the novel drug is based on the properties of any ligand, specific receptor, peptides enzymes or ion channels involved in a specific disease condition. This is a technique with dual benefits as there is another use of high throughput screening is the detection of various pathways which are potential for specific diseases. Screening libraries of kinases is one of the most important examples of high throughput screening as compared to old techniques [2]. Scientific or biotechnological, research and pharmaceutical business has been notably promoted by high throughput screening. The nobility of this technique can also be searched by studying reviews about novel therapeutics discoveries [3].

SIGNIFICANCE AND APPLICATION OF HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING:
Efficient results are obtained in counter screens which is a good system but in comparison to high throughput screening where assortment and application takes place, it is not up to the mark as high throughput screening is. The rate of ambiguity and errors is reduced when high throughput screening is properly performed and this is possible due to the detection of false positive and false negative results [4]. Whenever a novel drug comes to perform its function that drug has to face many metabolic and pharmacokinetics challenges which are now quite easy in due to high throughput screening. In designing a novel drug the initial stages are always very critical and now high throughput screening helps in these stages to evaluate critically a specific drug against disorders [5]. Compound libraries contain a large number of compounds which are thought to be evaluated by researcher in future and this is because of getting correct and accurate genomics high throughput screening with high speed.

DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING:
There are a good number of chemicals which are found in a chemical library and many of these are characterized effectively by using high throughput screening assays. One of the example which support this statement is of a chemical which has the ability to cross blood brain barrier due to its potential of absorbance. Computer modeling aids the detailed study of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of any therapeutic. All the old and traditional approaches for screening library are now no more adopted by researcher as a lot of work is also being done for the improvement of high throughput screening by the help of new instruments [6]. In this technique initial or primary screening have elevated number of replicas due to which researchers are now focusing on the statistical analysis of screening technique, these findings are helpful under special conditions [7]. Another approach to enhance the efficacy of high throughput screening is the comparison between computer based theoretical libraries and high throughput screening [8]. 

REFERENCES:
1. Hertzberga RP, P.A., High-throughput screening: new technology for the 21st century. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2000.
2. Slon-Usakiewicz, J., Global Kinase Screening. Applications of Frontal Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Drug Discovery. Anal. Chem., 2005.
3. Sundberg SA, e.a., High-throughput and ultra-high-throughput screening: solution- and cell-based approaches. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2000.
4. White, R., High-Throughput Screening in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Support of Drug Discovery. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2000.
5. Broach JR, T.J., High-throughput screening for drug discovery. Nature Biotechnology, 1996.
6. Parker GJ, e.a., Development of High Throughput Screening Assays Using Fluorescence Polarization: Nuclear Receptor-Ligand-Binding and Kinase/Phosphatase Assays. J Biomol Screen, 2000 
7. Malo N, e.a., Statistical practice in high-throughput screening data analysis. Nature Biotechnology, 2006.
8. Jenkins JL, e.a., Virtual screening to enrich hit lists from high-throughput screening: A case study on small-molecule inhibitors of angiogenin. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 2003.