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Catalog No. Product Name Information Product Use Citations Product Validations
E0022New Ophiopogonin D Ophiopogonin D (OJV-VI, Deacetylophiopogonin C) is a steroidal glycoside isolated from Chinese herb Radix ophiopogonis and shows anti-tumor property. Ophiopogonin D could suppress TGF-β1-mediated metastatic behavior of MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating ITGB1/FAK/Src/AKT/β-catenin/MMP-9 signaling axis. Ophiopogonin D attenuates PM2.5-induced inflammation via suppressing the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in mouse pulmonary epithelial cells.
E0212New Cornuside

Cornuside is a bisiridoid glucoside compound isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. Cornuside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cornuside attenuates apoptosis in rat cortical neurons.
E0783New SM-7368 SM-7368 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor that targets downstream of MAPK p38 activation, also inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-9 upregulation.
S0002 IAXO-102 IAXO-102 is an antagonist of TLR4 targeting both MD-2 and CD14 co-receptors. IAXO-102 inhibits MAPK and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation and downregulates the expression of TLR4 dependent proinflammatory proteins. IAXO-102 inhibits experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development.
S0454 Adjudin Adjudin (AF-2364), a potent male contraceptive, is a potent blocker of Cl⁻ channels. Adjudin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by suppression of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity as well as ERK MAPK phosphorylation.
Brain Res Bull, 2022, 182:80-89
S0507 CBL0137 CBL0137 (Curaxin-137) is an inhibitor of the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) that simultaneously suppresses NF-κB and activates p53 with EC50 of 0.47 μM and 0.37 μM, respectively.
Cancer Lett, 2021, 520:201-212
Cancer Lett, 2021, 499:232-242
PLoS One, 2021, 16(6):e0252504
S0781 IQ 3 IQ 3 is a specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor with Kd of 66 nM, 240 nM and 290 nM for JNK3, JNK1 and JNK2, respectively. IQ 3 inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB/AP1 transcriptional activity in THP1-Blue cells with IC50 of 1.4 μM. IQ 3 also inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 production in vitro.
S0911 Hypaphorine Hypaphorine which is abundantly found in vaccaria semen, counteracts inflammation via inhibition of ERK or/and NFκB signaling pathways.
S0923 Isoliquiritin apioside Isoliquiritin apioside (ISLA, ILA), a component isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix rhizome (GR), significantly decreases PMA-induced increases in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities and suppresses PMA-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB. Isoliquiritin apioside possesses anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic abilities in malignant cancer cells and ECs, with no cytotoxicity.
S0931 Jaceosidin Jaceosidin, a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia vestita, possesses anti-tumor and anti-proliferative activities in many cancer cells. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis, activates Bax and down-regulates Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression. Jaceosidin inhibits COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation.
S1013 Bortezomib (PS-341) Bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade, LDP-341, MLM341, NSC 681239) is a potent 20S proteasome inhibitor with Ki of 0.6 nM. It exhibits favorable selectivity towards tumor cells over normal cells. Bortezomib (PS-341) inhibits NF-κB and induces ERK phosphorylation to suppress cathepsin B and inhibit the catalytic process of autophagy in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors.
Mol Cell, 2022, S1097-2765(22)00433-6
Sci Immunol, 2022, 7(68):eabi6763
Sci Adv, 2022, 8(4):eabi7711
S1321 Urolithin B Urolithin B inhibits NF-κB activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Urolithin B suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, and enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK. Urolithin B is also a regulator of skeletal muscle mass.
S1576 Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219) Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219, Azulfidine, Salazopyrin, Sulphasalazine) is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy.
Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, 79(5):228
Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10:855755
Cell Metab, 2021, S1550-4131(21)00233-3
S1623 Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine) Acetylcysteine (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC) is a ROS(reactive oxygen species) inhibitor that antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. It is also a tumor necrosis factor production inhibitor. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB activation through inhibition of IκB kinases. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) induces apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) inhibits ferroptosis and virus replication.Solutions of Acetylcysteine are best fresh-prepared.
EMBO Mol Med, 2022, 14(2):e14903
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1):41
Environ Sci Technol, 2022, 10.1021/acs.est.2c00585
S1825 Erdosteine Erdosteine (KW-9144) is a mucolytic which is used in treatment of excessive viscous mucus. Erdosteine inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation.
S1848 Curcumin Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane, Natural Yellow 3, Turmeric yellow) is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase（IC50~25 μM）and Histone deacetylase (HDAC); activates Nrf2 pathway and supresses the activation of NF-κB. Curcumin induces mitophagy, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest with antitumor activity. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Curcumin exhibits anti-infective properties against various human pathogens like the influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV and so on.
Phytother Res, 2022, 36(3):1326-1337
Dis Markers, 2022, 2022:3129781
Adv Sci (Weinh), 2021, e2103360
S2261 Andrographolide Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata.
Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021:5577634
Int J Oncol, 2020, 56(6):1417-1428
Eur J Pharmacol, 2020, 873:172981
S2290 Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) Dihydroartemisinin (DHA, Dihydroqinghaosu, β-Dihydroartemisinin, Artenimol) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy and apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activation.
Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13:884881
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022, 13:891922
Nat Immunol, 2021, 10.1038/s41590-021-00967-5
S2313 Indole-3-carbinol Indole-3-carbinol is produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which can be found at relatively high levels in cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol suppresses NF-κB and IκBα kinase activation.
Am J Cancer Res, 2021, 11(10):4994-5005
J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S2321 Magnolol Magnolol (NSC 293099) is a bioactive lignin found in the bark of the Houpu magnolia (Magnolia officinalis) which shows antifungal properties. It can block TNF-α-induced NF-KB activation.
Reprod Biol, 2021, 21(4):100567
Neoplasia, 2020, 22(11):576-589
J Chromatogr A, 2020, 1625:461230
S2341 (-)-Parthenolide (-)-Parthenolide, an inhibitor of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway, specifically depletes HDAC1 protein without affecting other class I/II HDACs; Also promotes the ubiquitination of MDM2 and activates p53 cellular functions.
PLoS Genet, 2021, 17(11):e1009890
Theranostics, 2020, 10(22):9923-9936
J Biol Chem, 2020, 295(11):3576-3589
S2382 Evodiamine Evodiamine (Isoevodiamine), an alkaloid extract from the fruit of Evodiae Fructus exhibits antitumor activities against the human tumor cells. It is shown to inhibit NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.
Chem Biol Interact, 2021, 351:109756
Anticancer Drugs, 2021, 32(3):314-322
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 39(1):249
S2824 TPCA-1 TPCA-1 (GW683965) is an inhibitor of IKK-2 with IC50 of 17.9 nM in a cell-free assay, inhibits NF-κB pathway, exhibits 22-fold selectivity over IKK-1. TPCA-1 is also an inhibitor of STAT3 and enhances apoptosis.
Nat Cell Biol, 2022, 24(5):766-782
Sci Adv, 2022, 8(12):eabh4050
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022, 119(3)e2114134119
S3137 Sodium salicylate Sodium salicylate is used in medicine as an analgesic and antipyretic.
Theranostics, 2020, 10(17):7747-7757
S3138 Methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil (NSC-193526, NSC-9378) is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2.
S3223 L-Quebrachitol L-Quebrachitol (L-QCT), a natural product isolated from many plants, promotes proliferation and cell DNA synthesis. L-Quebrachitol upregulates bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and regulatory genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while down-regulating the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) mRNA level.
S3231 UCB-9260 UCB-9260 is an orally active inhibitor that inhibits TNF signalling by stabilising an asymmetric form of the trimer. UCB-9260 binds TNF with Kd of 13  nM. UCB-9260 also inhibits NF-κB with IC50 of 202 nM after TNF stimulation.
S3256 Tectochrysin Tectochrysin (Techtochrysin, NSC 80687) is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. Tectochrysin significantly increases the expression of DR3, DR4 and Fas and inhibits activity of NF-κB. Tectochrysin induces apoptotic cell death.
S3261 Myrislignan Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Myrislignan significantly inhibits the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependently in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Myrislignan inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway activation.
S3293 Gardenoside Gardenoside is a natural compound extracted from Gardenia fruits, with hepatoprotective properties. Gardenoside inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NFκB activation. Gardenoside also has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis. Gardenoside suppresses the pain in rats model of chronic constriction injury by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors.
S3298 Caulophylline (N-Methylcytisine) Caulophylline (N-Methylcytisine, Caulophyllin, NMC) is a tricyclic quinolizidine alkaloid with anti-inflammatory activities. Caulophylline binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) from squid optical ganglia with Kd of 50 nM. Caulophylline significantly reduces myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, blocks the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting IκB and IKK phosphorylation.
S3299 Demethyleneberberine Demethyleneberberine (DMB), a component of Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis (CPC), significantly alleviates the weight loss and diminishes myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, while significantly reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Demethyleneberberine (DMB) potentially ameliorates NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) by activating AMPK pathways.
S3355 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid

3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid (3-HAA, 3-HANA), a tryptophan metabolite, has an immunomodulatory effect that may result from inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB activity, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
S3384 (E/Z)-IT-603 (E/Z)-IT-603 is a mixture of E-IT-603 and Z-IT-603. IT-603 is a NF-κB family member c-Rel inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 μM in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).
S3604 Triptolide (PG490) Triptolide (PG490, NSC 163062) is a diterpene triepoxide, immunosuppresive agent extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It functions as a NF-κB inhibitor with dual actions by disruption of p65/CBP interaction and by reduction of p65 protein. Triptolide (PG490) abrogates the transactivation function of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Triptolide inhibits MDM2 and induces apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway.
Kidney Int, 2022, S0085-2538(22)00369-6
Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2022, 10.1111/nyas.14760
Sci Adv, 2021, 7(7)eabd2645
S3607 Sarsasapogenin Sarsasapogenin (SAR, Parigenin) is a steroidal sapogenin. It can provoke the generation of reactive oxygen species and activate unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. SAR potently inhibits NF-κB and MAPK activation, as well as IRAK1, TAK1, and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
S3609 Berbamine dihydrochloride Berbamine (BA, BBM) dihydrochloride, a traditional Chinese medicines extracted from Berberis amurensis (xiaoboan), is a novel inhibitor of bcr/abl fusion gene with potent anti-leukemia activity and also an inhibitor of NF-κB. Berbamine (BA, BBM) dihydrochloride induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).
S3633 Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, APDC, PDTC) is a potent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor that inhibits IκB phosphorylation, blocks NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and reduces the expression of downstream cytokines.
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2022, 7(1):46
Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, 79(2):86
Theranostics, 2022, 12(2):910-928
S3760 Stachydrine hydrochloride Stachydrine is isolated from seed husk and the pulp of the fruit of C. Leonurus, and many other Asian plants and fruits. It has potent anti-metastatic activity and cardioprotective effects. Stachydrine hydrochloride is the major active constituent of Herba Leonuri, which is a potential therapy for cardiovascular diseases. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Anti-hypertrophic activities.
Pharm Biol, 2022, 60(1):700-707
S3770 Sodium Aescinate Sodium Aescinate (SA, Escin Sodium Salt) is a widely-applied triterpene saponin product derived from horse chestnut seeds, possessing vasoactive and organ-protective activities with oral or injection administration in the clinic. Sodium aescinate is a triterpene saponin derived from Aesculus hippocastanum seeds, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Sodium aescinate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting CARMA3/NF-κB pathway.
S3771 Stachydrine Stachydrine (Proline betaine, L-stachydrine, Methyl hygrate betaine) is a quaternary ammonium derivative of proline that occurs widely in Medicago species. It is an osmoprotective compound found in urine. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway.
Pharm Biol, 2022, 60(1):700-707
J Cell Mol Med, 2019, 10.1111/jcmm.14551
S3773 Tyrosol Tyrosol (4-Hydroxyphenylethanol, 4-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol) is an antioxidant that is naturally present in several foods such as wines and green tea and is present most abundantly in olives. Tyrosol is a derivative of phenethyl alcohol. Tyrosol attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokines from cultured astrocytes and NF-κB activation. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
S3808 Mangiferin Mangiferin (Alpizarin, Chinomin, Hedysarid) is a bioactive compound that demonstrates many health perspectives and has been used to prepare medicinal and food supplements. Mangiferin is a Nrf2 activator. Mangiferin suppresses nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50.
S3810 Scutellarin Scutellarin (Breviscapine, Breviscapin, Scutellarein-7-glucuronide), the major active principal flavonoids extracted from the Chinese herbal medicines Scutellaria baicalensis and Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, has many pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antiinflammatory activities. Scutellarin can down-regulates the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells, and inhibits RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts.
S3811 Ginsenoside Re Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2, Panaxoside Re, Sanchinoside Re, Chikusetsusaponin Ivc), an extract from Panax notoginseng, is a major ginsenoside in ginseng and belongs to 20(S)-protopanaxatriol group. It has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including vasorelaxant, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic actions. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB.
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3816 Dehydroevodiamine Dehydroevodiamine (DHED), a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa, has various biological effects such as hypotensive, negative chronotropic, ion channel depressant, inhibition of nitric oxide production and cerebral blood flow enhancing activities. Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells.
S3867 (E)-Cardamonin (E)-Cardamonin (Alpinetin chalcone, cardamomin) is a naturally occurring chalcone with strong anti-inflammatory activity. It is a novel TRPA1 antagonist with IC50 of 454 nM and also a NF-kB inhibitor.
S3871 Muscone Muscone (3-Methylcyclopentadecanone, Methylexaltone), a flavouring ingredient, is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk and also a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Muscone significantly downregulats the levels of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BMDMs. Muscone remarkably decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6).
J Pharm Pharmacol, 2019, 71(11):1706-1713
S3872 Guaiacol Guaiacol (O-methoxyphenol, 2-hydroxyanisole, O-methylcatechol) is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. It is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenoland vanillin. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound isolated from Guaiac resin, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
S3874 Curcumenol Curcumenol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Curcuma zedoaria, is known to possess a variety of health and medicinal values which includes neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits NF-κB activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation.
J Bone Miner Res, 2021, 10.1002/jbmr.4328
Int J Mol Med, 2021, 48(4)192
S3880 Schisantherin A Schisantherin A (Gomisin C, Schisanwilsonin H, Arisanschinin K) is a dibenzocyclooctadiene that exhibits anti-tussive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and cardioprotective activities. Schisantherin A inhibits p65-NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by IκBα degradation.
S3899 Hederagenin Hederagenin (Caulosapogenin, Hederagenol, Hederagenic acid, Astrantiagenin E) is a highly water insoluble triterpenoid compound that can be found in various plants including Hedera helix and Chenopodium quinoa. It exhibits a variety of biological activities, including potent antitumor properties both in vitro and in vivo. Hederagenin inhibits LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB.
S3901 Astragaloside IV Astragaloside IV (AST-IV, AS-IV) is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has various effect on the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. AS-IV suppresses activation of p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-NF-κB and p-Erk1/2.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2020, 10.1007/s00210-020-02022-w
S3923 Ginsenoside Rg1 Ginsenoside Rg1 (Ginsenoside A2, Panaxoside A, Panaxoside Rg1, Sanchinoside C1, Sanchinoside Rg1), one of the major active components of ginseng, is identified as a protopanaxatriol-type and has pharmacological actions such as neuroprotective and anti-tumor effects on various cancer types. Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces cerebral Aβ levels and NF-κB nuclear translocation.
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3924 Ginsenoside Rb1 Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside Ⅲ) is a protopanaxadiol that has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity actions. Ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase activity with IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM. Ginsenoside also inhibits IRAK-1 activation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces the expressions of TLR3, TLR4 and TRAF-6, and down-regulates the levels of TNF-α, IFN-β and iNOS.
J Biol Chem, 2021, S0021-9258(21)00790-0
Mol Immunol, 2021, 139:140-152
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3931 Ginsenoside Rd Ginsenoside Rd (Panaxoside Rd, Sanchinoside Rd), a minor ginseng saponin, has several pharmacological activities such as immunosuppressive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunological adjuvant, anti-cancer activity and wound-healing activity. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 12.05±0.82 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits Ca2+ influx. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, with IC50s of 58.0±4.5 μM, 78.4±5.3 μM, 81.7±2.6 μM, and 85.1±9.1 μM, respectively.
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3939 4'-Methoxyresveratrol 4-Methoxyresveratrol is a stibenoid found in the Chinese herb Gnetum cleistostachyum. 4'-Methoxyresveratrol alleviates AGE-induced inflammation through suppressing RAGE-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
S3998 (+)-α-Lipoic acid (+)-α-Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid, α-Lipoic acid, Alpha-Lipoic acid), a physiological form of thioctic acid, is a strong antioxidant that relieves diabetic neuropathic symptoms. It shows superior antioxidative effects to its racemate. R(+)-α-lipoic acid is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. R(+)-α-lipoic acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation.
S4073 Sodium 4-Aminosalicylate Sodium 4-Aminosalicylate is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis via NF-κB inhibition and free radical scavenging.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2019, 55(5):368-375
PLoS One, 2016, 11(3):e0149754
S4460 IMM-H007 IMM-H007, an adenosine derivative, is an activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). IMM-H007 is a potential drug for treating cardiac dysfunction. IMM-H007 negatively regulates endothelium inflammation through inactivating NF-κB and JNK/AP1 signaling. IMM-H007 inhibits ABCA1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily a member 1) degradation and facilitates its cell-surface localization in macrophages, thereby promotes cholesterol efflux.
S4712 Diethylmaleate Diethylmaleate (Diethyl ester, Maleic acid diethyl ester) is the diethyl ester of maleic acid and a glutathione-depleting compound that inhibits NF-kB.
S4763 4-Hydroxychalcone 4-Hydroxychalcone (P-Cinnamoylphenol) is a chalcone metabolite with diverse biological activities. It inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and also activates BMP signaling.
Oncol Lett, 2021, 21(3):213
S4798 Benfotiamine Benfotiamine (S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) and has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2. Benfotiamine suppresses oxidative stress-induced NF-κB activation and prevents the bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammation.
J Mol Model, 2022, 28(6):153
S4902 QNZ (EVP4593) QNZ (EVP4593) shows potent inhibitory activity toward both NF-κB activation and TNF-α production with IC50 of 11 nM and 7 nM in Jurkat T cells, respectively.
Cell Death Differ, 2022, 10.1038/s41418-022-00940-1
Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(5):495
Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(4):420
S4937 4'-Hydroxychalcone 4'-Hydroxychalcone (P-Cinnamoylphenol), found in herbs and spices and tea, is a member of the class of compounds known as retrochalcones. It has diverse biological activities, inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and activating BMP signaling.
S5144 Neferine Neferine ((R)-1,2-Dimethoxyaporphine), a natural component of Nelumbo nucifera, has antitumor efficiency. Neferine induces apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Neferine prevents autophagy through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and Nrf2 in muscle cells. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation. Neferine possesses a number of therapeutic effects such as anti-diabetic, anti-aging, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and even anti-HIV.
Bone Res, 2022, 10(1):27
Oncol Rep, 2020, 44(3):1116-1126
S5343 Vanillic acid Vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) is a flavoring agent which is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects.
S5453 Hyperoside Hyperoside (Hyperin, Quercetin 3-galactoside), a naturally occuring flavonoid compound, exerts multiple bioactivities, including myocardial protection, anti-redox, and anti-inflammatory activities.Hyperoside can inhibit activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Ann Transl Med, 2021, 9(15):1233
Phytomedicine, 2021, 80:153387
J Agric Food Chem, 2021, 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06292
S5579 Chelidonic acid Chelidonic acid (Jerva acid, Jervaic acid, γ-Pyrone-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals. Chelidonic acid inhibits IL-6 production by blocking NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cells. Chelidonic acid is also an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase with Ki of 1.2 μM.
S5640 Ethyl caffeate Ethyl caffeate, a naturally occurring compound found in Bidens pilosa, suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in vitro.
S5771 Sulforaphane Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from the consumption of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, and kale. It is an inducer of Nrf2. Sulforaphane is also an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and NF-κB. Sulforaphane increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulforaphane induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Elife, 2022, 11e67368
Cell Death Discov, 2021, 7(1):375
Cell Commun Signal, 2021, 19(1):35
S5899 (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen ((R)-Ibuprofen) inhibits the activation of NF-κB in response to T-cell stimulation with IC50 of 121.8 μM. R(-)-ibuprofen exerts anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
S6671 SN50 SN50 (NF-κB SN50), a cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitory peptide, is composed of the signal peptide of Kaposi fibroblast growth factor.SN50 inhibits the activation of NF-κB and attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury.
Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(8):715
Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(16)8410
Behav Brain Res, 2021, 418:113647
S6679 C25-140 C25-140 is a small-molecule inhibitor of TRAF6-Ubc13 interaction. C25-140 directly binds to TRAF6, thereby blocking the interaction of TRAF6 with Ubc13, and as a consequence lowers TRAF6 activity. C25-140 impedes NF-κB activation in various immune and inflammatory signaling pathways also in primary human and murine cells.
S6714 INH14 INH14 is an inhibitor of TLR2-mediated NF-kB activation with IC50 values of 8.975 μM and 3.598 μM for IKKα and IKKβ, respectively.
S6899 Licochalcone D Licochalcone D (Lico D, LCD, LD), a flavonoid isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Licochalcone D inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in LPS signaling pathway. Licochalcone D inhibits JAK2, EGFR and Met (c-Met) activities and induces ROS-dependent apoptosis. Licochalcone D also induces caspases activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.
S7273 SC75741 SC75741 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with EC50 of 200 nM. SC75741 efficiently blocks influenza virus propagation.
Front Immunol, 2022, 13:839460
Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(6)3280
Microbiol Spectr, 2022, e0188121
S7351 JSH-23 JSH-23 is an inhibitor of NF-κB transcriptional activity with IC50 of 7.1 μM in RAW 264.7 cell line.
Nat Cell Biol, 2022, 24(5):766-782
Int J Biol Sci, 2022, 18(5):2132-2145
Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(6)3280
S7414 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, Phenylethyl Caffeate) is a potent and specific inhibitor of NF-κB activation, and also displays antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities.
Oncogene, 2022, 10.1038/s41388-022-02253-6
Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14(2)274
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 40(1):87
S7428 Rocaglamide Rocaglamide (Roc-A), isolated from Aglaia species, is a potent inhibitor of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) activation with IC50 of ~50 nM for HSF1. Rocaglamide inhibits the function of the translation initiation factor eIF4A. Rocaglamide also inhibits NF-κB activity. Rocaglamide exhibits anti-tumor activity.
S7445 E3330 E3330 (APX-3330) is a potent and selective APE1(Ref-1) inhibitor, which suppressed NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity.
Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(2):124
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2020, (7): 492-497
S7637 DTP3 DTP3 is a selective GADD45β/MKK7 (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible β/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7) inhibitor and is able to restore MKK7/JNK activation. DTP3 inhibits cancer-selective NF-κB survival pathway.
S7672 Omaveloxolone (RTA-408) Omaveloxolone (RTA-408) is a synthetic triterpenoid that activates the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and inhibits NF-κB signaling. Phase 2.
Brain Behav, 2021, 11(1):e01918
Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(9)E2668
Int J Neurosci, 2020, 7:1-16
S8078 Bardoxolone Methyl Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402, TP-155, NSC 713200, CDDO Methyl Ester, CDDO-Me) is an IKK inhibitor, showing potent proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities; Also a potent Nrf2 activator and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor. Bardoxolone Methyl abrogates ferroptosis. Bardoxolone methyl induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.
Drug Des Devel Ther, 2021, 15:21-35
Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(6):E1645
Antioxidants (Basel), 2020, 9(1)
S8279 Shikonin (C.I. 75535) Shikonin (C.I. 75535, Anchusin, Anchusa acid, Alkanna Red, Isoarnebin 4, NSC 252844), a potent and specific Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. It is also an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channel activity using cell-based fluorescent-quenching assay. Shikonin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prevents activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway via proteasome inhibition.
Adv Sci (Weinh), 2022, 10.1002/advs.202104055
Nat Chem Biol, 2022, 10.1038/s41589-022-00996-7
Mil Med Res, 2022, 9(1):22
S8341 TAK-243 (MLN7243) TAK-243 (MLN7243) is a potent, mechanism-based small-molecule inhibitor of the ubiquitin activating enzyme (UAE) with an IC50 of 1 ± 0.2 nM in the UBCH10 E2 thioester assay. It has minimal inhibitory activity in a panel of kinase and receptor assays, as well as on human carbonic anhydrase type I and type II. TAK-243 (MLN7243) induces ER stress, abrogates NFκB pathway activation and promotes apoptosis.
Cell Rep, 2022, 38(12):110538
Free Radic Biol Med, 2022, 183:89-103
Arch Toxicol, 2022, 10.1007/s00204-021-03195-w
S8483 CBL0137 HCl CBL0137 (CBLC137, Curaxin 137) HCl activates p53 and inhibits NF-kB with EC50s of 0.37 μM and 0.47 μM in the cell-based p53 and NF-kB reporter assays, respectively. It also inhibits histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription complex).
Cancer Lett, 2021, 520:201-212
Cancer Lett, 2021, 499:232-242
bioRxiv, 2021, 10.1101/2021.04.20.440573
S8587 Withaferin A Withaferin A (WA, WFA) potently inhibits NF-κB activation by preventing the tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of IκB kinase β via a thioalkylation-sensitive redox mechanism. Withaferin A binds to the intermediate filament (IF) protein, vimentin with antitumor and antiangiogenesis activity. Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera.
Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(7)1063
Mol Cell Biol, 2021, MCB0046721
bioRxiv, 2021, 10.1101/2021.02.04.429815
S8941 NIK SMI1 NIK SMI1 is a highly potent and selective NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibitor with Ki of 0.23 nM for NIK-catalyzed hydrolysis of ATP to ADP.
S8961 Alobresib (GS-5829) Alobresib (GS-5829) is a novel BET inhibitor that represents a highly effective therapeutics agent against recurrent/chemotherapy-resistant USC-overexpressing c-Myc. Alobresib (GS-5829) inhibits CLL cell proliferation and induces leukemia cell apoptosis through deregulation of key signaling pathways, such as BLK, AKT, ERK1/2, and MYC. Alobresib (GS-5829) also inhibits NF-κB signaling.
S9040 Maslinic acid Maslinic Acid (Crategolic Acid, 2α-Hydroxyoleanoic Acid), a Natural Triterpene, exerts a wide range of biological activities, i.e. antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antiparasitic and growth-stimulating. MA significantly suppresses the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
S9075 Mulberroside A Mulberroside A, isolated from the ethanol extract of Morus alba roots, is widely employed as an active ingredient in cosmetic products due to its anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidant activities. Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1 and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38.
S9106 Eleutheroside E Eleutheroside E, a principal component of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and protecting against myocardial infarction.
S9141 Berbamine Berbamine (BA), a traditional Chinese medicines extracted from Berberis amurensis (xiaoboan), is a novel inhibitor of bcr/abl fusion gene with potent anti-leukemia activity and also an inhibitor of NF-κB. Berbamine (BA) induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).
Onco Targets Ther, 2019, 12:11437-11451
S9170 Engeletin Engeletin (Dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside), a bioactive flavonoid, has multiple biological activities such as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. engeletin againsts LPS-stimulated endometritis in mice via negative regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators via the TLR4-regulated NF-κB pathway.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 526(2):497-504
S9193 Aristolochic acid A Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic Acid I, Aristolochin, Aristolochine, TR 1736) is a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic agent extracted from the flowering plant family Aristolochiaceae.Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activities.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2020, 6;19:1276-1289
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2020, 319(6):F1003-F1014
S9208 Ginsenoside Rb3 Ginsenoside Rb3, extracted from the plant Panax ginseng, plays important roles in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ginsenoside Rb3 (0.1-10 μM) is tested for inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) luciferase reporter activity using a human kidney 293T cell-based assay. Ginsenoside Rb3 shows the significant activity with an IC50 of 8.2 μM. Ginsenoside Rb3 also inhibits the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in a dose-dependent manner after HepG2 cells have been treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL).
S9244 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester (Barlerin, ND01), isolated from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, promotes angiogenesis, which leads to the improvement of functional outcome after stroke.8-O-Acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester can inhibts NF-κB.
S9295 Dauricine Dauricine, a plant metabolite isolated from the Asian vine Menispermum dauricum, plays a variety of biological roles in the human body, from inhibiting cancer cell growth to blocking cardiac transmembrane Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ion currents.Dauricine induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation and invasion through inhibiting NF‐κB signaling pathway in colon cancer cells.
S9374 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP, 2-Acetylhydroquinone, Quinacetophenone) is a mixture of dihydroxyacetophenone isomers is used in food flavouring. 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone significantly inhibits NO production via the suppression of iNOS expression. 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone significantly decreases levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by blocking the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Pathol Oncol Res, 2019, 25(1):301-309
S9388 (+)-Praeruptorin A Praeruptorin A is a coumarin compound naturally occurring in the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn., a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of certain respiratory diseases and hypertension. Praeruptorin A exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro through inhibition of NF-κB activation. (+)-Praeruptorin A is one of enantiomers.
S9417 Homoplantaginin Homoplantaginin (Hispidulin-7-glucoside), a main flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia plebeia, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Homoplantaginin inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation.
S9502 Madecassic acid Madecassic acid (Brahmic acid), a natural triterpene first isolated from C. asiatica, has diverse anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, blocking NF-κB activation in macrophages and causing by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 inhibition.
S9871 BTYNB BTYNB (BTYNB IMP1 Inhibitor, MDK6620) is a potent and selective inhibitor of IMP1 binding to c-Myc mRNA. BTYNB downregulates β-TrCP1 mRNA and reduces activation of nuclear transcriptional factors-kappa B (NF-κB). BTYNB disrupts this enhancer function by impairing IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1)-RNA association.
E0526New sappanone A Sappanone A, a homoisoflavanone isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan (Leguminosae), induces HO-1 expression by activating Nrf2 through the p38 MAPK pathway, suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB activation by suppressing the phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser536, exerting its anti-inflammatory effect.
S2979 CU-T12-9 CU-T12-9 is a specific agonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2 with EC50 of 52.9 nM in HEK-Blue hTLR2 SEAP assay. CU-T12-9 activates both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. CU-T12-9 signals through NF-κB and invokes an elevation of the downstream effectors TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS.
S3603 Betulinic acid Betulinic acid (ALS-357, Lupatic acid, Betulic acid), a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Syzigium claviflorum, is a inhibitor of HIV-1 with EC50 of 1.4 μ M. Betulinic acid acts as a new activator of NF-kB.Phase 1/2.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2022, 28:435-449
Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021:5519587
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2021, 78(2):235-246
E0211New Dihydroberberine

Dihydroberberine, a hydrogenated derivative of Berberine (BBR), exerts anti-inflammatory effect via dual modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
S0949 Cucurbitacin IIb Cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb, Dihydrocucurbitacin F, 25-deacetyl hemslecin A) inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB, blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α. Cucurbitacin IIb exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and induces apoptosis. Cucurbitacin IIb is isolated from Hemsleya amabilis.
S4611 TCEP Hydrochloride TCEP (Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) hydrochloride, a non-thiol reducing agent, promotes NF-κB-DNA binding in a dose-related manner.
S5804 N-Acetylcysteine amide N-acetylcysteine amide is a membrane penetrating antioxidant with anti-inflamatory activity through regulation of activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α as well as modulation of ROS.
Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):647
Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2020, 121:105703
Pancreatology, 2019, 19(2):258-265
S9184 Forsythoside B Forsythoside B is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, a Chinese folk medicinal plant. Forsythoside B has potent neuroprotective effects and has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antisepsis properties. Forsythoside B could inhibit TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and modulate NF-κB.
S2371 Vanillylacetone Vanillylacetone (NSC 15335) is similar in chemical structure to other flavor chemicals such as vanillin and eugenol and is used as a flavor additive in spice oils and in perfumery to introduce spicy aromas. Vanillylacetone (Zingerone) alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation, down-regulates NF-κB mediated signaling pathways. Zingerone acts as an anti-mitotic agent, and inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma cells.
E0022New Ophiopogonin D Ophiopogonin D (OJV-VI, Deacetylophiopogonin C) is a steroidal glycoside isolated from Chinese herb Radix ophiopogonis and shows anti-tumor property. Ophiopogonin D could suppress TGF-β1-mediated metastatic behavior of MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating ITGB1/FAK/Src/AKT/β-catenin/MMP-9 signaling axis. Ophiopogonin D attenuates PM2.5-induced inflammation via suppressing the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in mouse pulmonary epithelial cells.
E0212New Cornuside

Cornuside is a bisiridoid glucoside compound isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. Cornuside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cornuside attenuates apoptosis in rat cortical neurons.
E0783New SM-7368 SM-7368 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor that targets downstream of MAPK p38 activation, also inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-9 upregulation.
S0002 IAXO-102 IAXO-102 is an antagonist of TLR4 targeting both MD-2 and CD14 co-receptors. IAXO-102 inhibits MAPK and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation and downregulates the expression of TLR4 dependent proinflammatory proteins. IAXO-102 inhibits experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development.
S0454 Adjudin Adjudin (AF-2364), a potent male contraceptive, is a potent blocker of Cl⁻ channels. Adjudin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by suppression of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity as well as ERK MAPK phosphorylation.
Brain Res Bull, 2022, 182:80-89
S0507 CBL0137 CBL0137 (Curaxin-137) is an inhibitor of the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) that simultaneously suppresses NF-κB and activates p53 with EC50 of 0.47 μM and 0.37 μM, respectively.
Cancer Lett, 2021, 520:201-212
Cancer Lett, 2021, 499:232-242
PLoS One, 2021, 16(6):e0252504
S0781 IQ 3 IQ 3 is a specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor with Kd of 66 nM, 240 nM and 290 nM for JNK3, JNK1 and JNK2, respectively. IQ 3 inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB/AP1 transcriptional activity in THP1-Blue cells with IC50 of 1.4 μM. IQ 3 also inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 production in vitro.
S0911 Hypaphorine Hypaphorine which is abundantly found in vaccaria semen, counteracts inflammation via inhibition of ERK or/and NFκB signaling pathways.
S0923 Isoliquiritin apioside Isoliquiritin apioside (ISLA, ILA), a component isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix rhizome (GR), significantly decreases PMA-induced increases in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities and suppresses PMA-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB. Isoliquiritin apioside possesses anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic abilities in malignant cancer cells and ECs, with no cytotoxicity.
S0931 Jaceosidin Jaceosidin, a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia vestita, possesses anti-tumor and anti-proliferative activities in many cancer cells. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis, activates Bax and down-regulates Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression. Jaceosidin inhibits COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation.
S1013 Bortezomib (PS-341) Bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade, LDP-341, MLM341, NSC 681239) is a potent 20S proteasome inhibitor with Ki of 0.6 nM. It exhibits favorable selectivity towards tumor cells over normal cells. Bortezomib (PS-341) inhibits NF-κB and induces ERK phosphorylation to suppress cathepsin B and inhibit the catalytic process of autophagy in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors.
Mol Cell, 2022, S1097-2765(22)00433-6
Sci Immunol, 2022, 7(68):eabi6763
Sci Adv, 2022, 8(4):eabi7711
S1321 Urolithin B Urolithin B inhibits NF-κB activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Urolithin B suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, and enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK. Urolithin B is also a regulator of skeletal muscle mass.
S1576 Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219) Sulfasalazine (NSC 667219, Azulfidine, Salazopyrin, Sulphasalazine) is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy.
Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, 79(5):228
Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10:855755
Cell Metab, 2021, S1550-4131(21)00233-3
S1623 Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine) Acetylcysteine (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC) is a ROS(reactive oxygen species) inhibitor that antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. It is also a tumor necrosis factor production inhibitor. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB activation through inhibition of IκB kinases. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) induces apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) inhibits ferroptosis and virus replication.Solutions of Acetylcysteine are best fresh-prepared.
EMBO Mol Med, 2022, 14(2):e14903
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1):41
Environ Sci Technol, 2022, 10.1021/acs.est.2c00585
S1825 Erdosteine Erdosteine (KW-9144) is a mucolytic which is used in treatment of excessive viscous mucus. Erdosteine inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation.
S1848 Curcumin Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane, Natural Yellow 3, Turmeric yellow) is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase（IC50~25 μM）and Histone deacetylase (HDAC); activates Nrf2 pathway and supresses the activation of NF-κB. Curcumin induces mitophagy, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest with antitumor activity. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Curcumin exhibits anti-infective properties against various human pathogens like the influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV and so on.
Phytother Res, 2022, 36(3):1326-1337
Dis Markers, 2022, 2022:3129781
Adv Sci (Weinh), 2021, e2103360
S2261 Andrographolide Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata.
Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021:5577634
Int J Oncol, 2020, 56(6):1417-1428
Eur J Pharmacol, 2020, 873:172981
S2290 Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) Dihydroartemisinin (DHA, Dihydroqinghaosu, β-Dihydroartemisinin, Artenimol) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy and apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activation.
Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13:884881
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022, 13:891922
Nat Immunol, 2021, 10.1038/s41590-021-00967-5
S2313 Indole-3-carbinol Indole-3-carbinol is produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which can be found at relatively high levels in cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol suppresses NF-κB and IκBα kinase activation.
Am J Cancer Res, 2021, 11(10):4994-5005
J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S2321 Magnolol Magnolol (NSC 293099) is a bioactive lignin found in the bark of the Houpu magnolia (Magnolia officinalis) which shows antifungal properties. It can block TNF-α-induced NF-KB activation.
Reprod Biol, 2021, 21(4):100567
Neoplasia, 2020, 22(11):576-589
J Chromatogr A, 2020, 1625:461230
S2341 (-)-Parthenolide (-)-Parthenolide, an inhibitor of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway, specifically depletes HDAC1 protein without affecting other class I/II HDACs; Also promotes the ubiquitination of MDM2 and activates p53 cellular functions.
PLoS Genet, 2021, 17(11):e1009890
Theranostics, 2020, 10(22):9923-9936
J Biol Chem, 2020, 295(11):3576-3589
S2382 Evodiamine Evodiamine (Isoevodiamine), an alkaloid extract from the fruit of Evodiae Fructus exhibits antitumor activities against the human tumor cells. It is shown to inhibit NF-kB activation through suppression of IkB kinase activity.
Chem Biol Interact, 2021, 351:109756
Anticancer Drugs, 2021, 32(3):314-322
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 39(1):249
S2824 TPCA-1 TPCA-1 (GW683965) is an inhibitor of IKK-2 with IC50 of 17.9 nM in a cell-free assay, inhibits NF-κB pathway, exhibits 22-fold selectivity over IKK-1. TPCA-1 is also an inhibitor of STAT3 and enhances apoptosis.
Nat Cell Biol, 2022, 24(5):766-782
Sci Adv, 2022, 8(12):eabh4050
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022, 119(3)e2114134119
S3137 Sodium salicylate Sodium salicylate is used in medicine as an analgesic and antipyretic.
Theranostics, 2020, 10(17):7747-7757
S3138 Methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil (NSC-193526, NSC-9378) is an antithyroid agent. Methylthiouracil suppresses the production TNF-α and IL-6, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2.
S3223 L-Quebrachitol L-Quebrachitol (L-QCT), a natural product isolated from many plants, promotes proliferation and cell DNA synthesis. L-Quebrachitol upregulates bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and regulatory genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while down-regulating the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) mRNA level.
S3231 UCB-9260 UCB-9260 is an orally active inhibitor that inhibits TNF signalling by stabilising an asymmetric form of the trimer. UCB-9260 binds TNF with Kd of 13  nM. UCB-9260 also inhibits NF-κB with IC50 of 202 nM after TNF stimulation.
S3256 Tectochrysin Tectochrysin (Techtochrysin, NSC 80687) is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. Tectochrysin significantly increases the expression of DR3, DR4 and Fas and inhibits activity of NF-κB. Tectochrysin induces apoptotic cell death.
S3261 Myrislignan Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Myrislignan significantly inhibits the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependently in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Myrislignan inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway activation.
S3293 Gardenoside Gardenoside is a natural compound extracted from Gardenia fruits, with hepatoprotective properties. Gardenoside inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NFκB activation. Gardenoside also has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis. Gardenoside suppresses the pain in rats model of chronic constriction injury by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors.
S3298 Caulophylline (N-Methylcytisine) Caulophylline (N-Methylcytisine, Caulophyllin, NMC) is a tricyclic quinolizidine alkaloid with anti-inflammatory activities. Caulophylline binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) from squid optical ganglia with Kd of 50 nM. Caulophylline significantly reduces myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, blocks the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting IκB and IKK phosphorylation.
S3299 Demethyleneberberine Demethyleneberberine (DMB), a component of Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis (CPC), significantly alleviates the weight loss and diminishes myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, while significantly reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Demethyleneberberine (DMB) potentially ameliorates NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) by activating AMPK pathways.
S3355 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid

3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid (3-HAA, 3-HANA), a tryptophan metabolite, has an immunomodulatory effect that may result from inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB activity, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
S3384 (E/Z)-IT-603 (E/Z)-IT-603 is a mixture of E-IT-603 and Z-IT-603. IT-603 is a NF-κB family member c-Rel inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 μM in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).
S3604 Triptolide (PG490) Triptolide (PG490, NSC 163062) is a diterpene triepoxide, immunosuppresive agent extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It functions as a NF-κB inhibitor with dual actions by disruption of p65/CBP interaction and by reduction of p65 protein. Triptolide (PG490) abrogates the transactivation function of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Triptolide inhibits MDM2 and induces apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway.
Kidney Int, 2022, S0085-2538(22)00369-6
Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2022, 10.1111/nyas.14760
Sci Adv, 2021, 7(7)eabd2645
S3607 Sarsasapogenin Sarsasapogenin (SAR, Parigenin) is a steroidal sapogenin. It can provoke the generation of reactive oxygen species and activate unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. SAR potently inhibits NF-κB and MAPK activation, as well as IRAK1, TAK1, and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
S3609 Berbamine dihydrochloride Berbamine (BA, BBM) dihydrochloride, a traditional Chinese medicines extracted from Berberis amurensis (xiaoboan), is a novel inhibitor of bcr/abl fusion gene with potent anti-leukemia activity and also an inhibitor of NF-κB. Berbamine (BA, BBM) dihydrochloride induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).
S3633 Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, APDC, PDTC) is a potent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor that inhibits IκB phosphorylation, blocks NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and reduces the expression of downstream cytokines.
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2022, 7(1):46
Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, 79(2):86
Theranostics, 2022, 12(2):910-928
S3760 Stachydrine hydrochloride Stachydrine is isolated from seed husk and the pulp of the fruit of C. Leonurus, and many other Asian plants and fruits. It has potent anti-metastatic activity and cardioprotective effects. Stachydrine hydrochloride is the major active constituent of Herba Leonuri, which is a potential therapy for cardiovascular diseases. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Anti-hypertrophic activities.
Pharm Biol, 2022, 60(1):700-707
S3770 Sodium Aescinate Sodium Aescinate (SA, Escin Sodium Salt) is a widely-applied triterpene saponin product derived from horse chestnut seeds, possessing vasoactive and organ-protective activities with oral or injection administration in the clinic. Sodium aescinate is a triterpene saponin derived from Aesculus hippocastanum seeds, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Sodium aescinate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting CARMA3/NF-κB pathway.
S3771 Stachydrine Stachydrine (Proline betaine, L-stachydrine, Methyl hygrate betaine) is a quaternary ammonium derivative of proline that occurs widely in Medicago species. It is an osmoprotective compound found in urine. Stachydrine is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway.
Pharm Biol, 2022, 60(1):700-707
J Cell Mol Med, 2019, 10.1111/jcmm.14551
S3773 Tyrosol Tyrosol (4-Hydroxyphenylethanol, 4-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol) is an antioxidant that is naturally present in several foods such as wines and green tea and is present most abundantly in olives. Tyrosol is a derivative of phenethyl alcohol. Tyrosol attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokines from cultured astrocytes and NF-κB activation. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
S3808 Mangiferin Mangiferin (Alpizarin, Chinomin, Hedysarid) is a bioactive compound that demonstrates many health perspectives and has been used to prepare medicinal and food supplements. Mangiferin is a Nrf2 activator. Mangiferin suppresses nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50.
S3810 Scutellarin Scutellarin (Breviscapine, Breviscapin, Scutellarein-7-glucuronide), the major active principal flavonoids extracted from the Chinese herbal medicines Scutellaria baicalensis and Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, has many pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antiinflammatory activities. Scutellarin can down-regulates the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells, and inhibits RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts.
S3811 Ginsenoside Re Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2, Panaxoside Re, Sanchinoside Re, Chikusetsusaponin Ivc), an extract from Panax notoginseng, is a major ginsenoside in ginseng and belongs to 20(S)-protopanaxatriol group. It has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including vasorelaxant, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic actions. Ginsenoside Re decreases the β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Ginsenoside Re plays a role in antiinflammation through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB.
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3816 Dehydroevodiamine Dehydroevodiamine (DHED), a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa, has various biological effects such as hypotensive, negative chronotropic, ion channel depressant, inhibition of nitric oxide production and cerebral blood flow enhancing activities. Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells.
S3867 (E)-Cardamonin (E)-Cardamonin (Alpinetin chalcone, cardamomin) is a naturally occurring chalcone with strong anti-inflammatory activity. It is a novel TRPA1 antagonist with IC50 of 454 nM and also a NF-kB inhibitor.
S3871 Muscone Muscone (3-Methylcyclopentadecanone, Methylexaltone), a flavouring ingredient, is an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk and also a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Muscone significantly downregulats the levels of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BMDMs. Muscone remarkably decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6).
J Pharm Pharmacol, 2019, 71(11):1706-1713
S3872 Guaiacol Guaiacol (O-methoxyphenol, 2-hydroxyanisole, O-methylcatechol) is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. It is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenoland vanillin. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound isolated from Guaiac resin, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
S3874 Curcumenol Curcumenol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Curcuma zedoaria, is known to possess a variety of health and medicinal values which includes neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits NF-κB activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation.
J Bone Miner Res, 2021, 10.1002/jbmr.4328
Int J Mol Med, 2021, 48(4)192
S3880 Schisantherin A Schisantherin A (Gomisin C, Schisanwilsonin H, Arisanschinin K) is a dibenzocyclooctadiene that exhibits anti-tussive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and cardioprotective activities. Schisantherin A inhibits p65-NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by IκBα degradation.
S3899 Hederagenin Hederagenin (Caulosapogenin, Hederagenol, Hederagenic acid, Astrantiagenin E) is a highly water insoluble triterpenoid compound that can be found in various plants including Hedera helix and Chenopodium quinoa. It exhibits a variety of biological activities, including potent antitumor properties both in vitro and in vivo. Hederagenin inhibits LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB.
S3901 Astragaloside IV Astragaloside IV (AST-IV, AS-IV) is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has various effect on the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. AS-IV suppresses activation of p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-NF-κB and p-Erk1/2.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2020, 10.1007/s00210-020-02022-w
S3923 Ginsenoside Rg1 Ginsenoside Rg1 (Ginsenoside A2, Panaxoside A, Panaxoside Rg1, Sanchinoside C1, Sanchinoside Rg1), one of the major active components of ginseng, is identified as a protopanaxatriol-type and has pharmacological actions such as neuroprotective and anti-tumor effects on various cancer types. Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces cerebral Aβ levels and NF-κB nuclear translocation.
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3924 Ginsenoside Rb1 Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside Ⅲ) is a protopanaxadiol that has diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity actions. Ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng, inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase activity with IC50 of 6.3±1.0 μM. Ginsenoside also inhibits IRAK-1 activation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces the expressions of TLR3, TLR4 and TRAF-6, and down-regulates the levels of TNF-α, IFN-β and iNOS.
J Biol Chem, 2021, S0021-9258(21)00790-0
Mol Immunol, 2021, 139:140-152
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3931 Ginsenoside Rd Ginsenoside Rd (Panaxoside Rd, Sanchinoside Rd), a minor ginseng saponin, has several pharmacological activities such as immunosuppressive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunological adjuvant, anti-cancer activity and wound-healing activity. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 12.05±0.82 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits Ca2+ influx. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, with IC50s of 58.0±4.5 μM, 78.4±5.3 μM, 81.7±2.6 μM, and 85.1±9.1 μM, respectively.
J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S3939 4'-Methoxyresveratrol 4-Methoxyresveratrol is a stibenoid found in the Chinese herb Gnetum cleistostachyum. 4'-Methoxyresveratrol alleviates AGE-induced inflammation through suppressing RAGE-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
S3998 (+)-α-Lipoic acid (+)-α-Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid, α-Lipoic acid, Alpha-Lipoic acid), a physiological form of thioctic acid, is a strong antioxidant that relieves diabetic neuropathic symptoms. It shows superior antioxidative effects to its racemate. R(+)-α-lipoic acid is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. R(+)-α-lipoic acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation.
S4073 Sodium 4-Aminosalicylate Sodium 4-Aminosalicylate is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis via NF-κB inhibition and free radical scavenging.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2019, 55(5):368-375
PLoS One, 2016, 11(3):e0149754
S4460 IMM-H007 IMM-H007, an adenosine derivative, is an activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). IMM-H007 is a potential drug for treating cardiac dysfunction. IMM-H007 negatively regulates endothelium inflammation through inactivating NF-κB and JNK/AP1 signaling. IMM-H007 inhibits ABCA1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily a member 1) degradation and facilitates its cell-surface localization in macrophages, thereby promotes cholesterol efflux.
S4712 Diethylmaleate Diethylmaleate (Diethyl ester, Maleic acid diethyl ester) is the diethyl ester of maleic acid and a glutathione-depleting compound that inhibits NF-kB.
S4763 4-Hydroxychalcone 4-Hydroxychalcone (P-Cinnamoylphenol) is a chalcone metabolite with diverse biological activities. It inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and also activates BMP signaling.
Oncol Lett, 2021, 21(3):213
S4798 Benfotiamine Benfotiamine (S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) and has been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2. Benfotiamine suppresses oxidative stress-induced NF-κB activation and prevents the bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammation.
J Mol Model, 2022, 28(6):153
S4902 QNZ (EVP4593) QNZ (EVP4593) shows potent inhibitory activity toward both NF-κB activation and TNF-α production with IC50 of 11 nM and 7 nM in Jurkat T cells, respectively.
Cell Death Differ, 2022, 10.1038/s41418-022-00940-1
Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(5):495
Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(4):420
S4937 4'-Hydroxychalcone 4'-Hydroxychalcone (P-Cinnamoylphenol), found in herbs and spices and tea, is a member of the class of compounds known as retrochalcones. It has diverse biological activities, inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and activating BMP signaling.
S5144 Neferine Neferine ((R)-1,2-Dimethoxyaporphine), a natural component of Nelumbo nucifera, has antitumor efficiency. Neferine induces apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Neferine prevents autophagy through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and Nrf2 in muscle cells. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation. Neferine possesses a number of therapeutic effects such as anti-diabetic, anti-aging, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and even anti-HIV.
Bone Res, 2022, 10(1):27
Oncol Rep, 2020, 44(3):1116-1126
S5343 Vanillic acid Vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) is a flavoring agent which is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects.
S5453 Hyperoside Hyperoside (Hyperin, Quercetin 3-galactoside), a naturally occuring flavonoid compound, exerts multiple bioactivities, including myocardial protection, anti-redox, and anti-inflammatory activities.Hyperoside can inhibit activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Ann Transl Med, 2021, 9(15):1233
Phytomedicine, 2021, 80:153387
J Agric Food Chem, 2021, 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06292
S5579 Chelidonic acid Chelidonic acid (Jerva acid, Jervaic acid, γ-Pyrone-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) is a secondary metabolite found in several plants with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders in experimental animals. Chelidonic acid inhibits IL-6 production by blocking NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cells. Chelidonic acid is also an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase with Ki of 1.2 μM.
S5640 Ethyl caffeate Ethyl caffeate, a naturally occurring compound found in Bidens pilosa, suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in vitro.
S5771 Sulforaphane Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from the consumption of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, and kale. It is an inducer of Nrf2. Sulforaphane is also an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and NF-κB. Sulforaphane increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulforaphane induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Elife, 2022, 11e67368
Cell Death Discov, 2021, 7(1):375
Cell Commun Signal, 2021, 19(1):35
S5899 (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen ((R)-Ibuprofen) inhibits the activation of NF-κB in response to T-cell stimulation with IC50 of 121.8 μM. R(-)-ibuprofen exerts anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
S6671 SN50 SN50 (NF-κB SN50), a cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitory peptide, is composed of the signal peptide of Kaposi fibroblast growth factor.SN50 inhibits the activation of NF-κB and attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury.
Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(8):715
Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(16)8410
Behav Brain Res, 2021, 418:113647
S6679 C25-140 C25-140 is a small-molecule inhibitor of TRAF6-Ubc13 interaction. C25-140 directly binds to TRAF6, thereby blocking the interaction of TRAF6 with Ubc13, and as a consequence lowers TRAF6 activity. C25-140 impedes NF-κB activation in various immune and inflammatory signaling pathways also in primary human and murine cells.
S6714 INH14 INH14 is an inhibitor of TLR2-mediated NF-kB activation with IC50 values of 8.975 μM and 3.598 μM for IKKα and IKKβ, respectively.
S6899 Licochalcone D Licochalcone D (Lico D, LCD, LD), a flavonoid isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza inflata, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Licochalcone D inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in LPS signaling pathway. Licochalcone D inhibits JAK2, EGFR and Met (c-Met) activities and induces ROS-dependent apoptosis. Licochalcone D also induces caspases activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage.
S7273 SC75741 SC75741 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with EC50 of 200 nM. SC75741 efficiently blocks influenza virus propagation.
Front Immunol, 2022, 13:839460
Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(6)3280
Microbiol Spectr, 2022, e0188121
S7351 JSH-23 JSH-23 is an inhibitor of NF-κB transcriptional activity with IC50 of 7.1 μM in RAW 264.7 cell line.
Nat Cell Biol, 2022, 24(5):766-782
Int J Biol Sci, 2022, 18(5):2132-2145
Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(6)3280
S7414 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, Phenylethyl Caffeate) is a potent and specific inhibitor of NF-κB activation, and also displays antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities.
Oncogene, 2022, 10.1038/s41388-022-02253-6
Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14(2)274
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 40(1):87
S7428 Rocaglamide Rocaglamide (Roc-A), isolated from Aglaia species, is a potent inhibitor of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) activation with IC50 of ~50 nM for HSF1. Rocaglamide inhibits the function of the translation initiation factor eIF4A. Rocaglamide also inhibits NF-κB activity. Rocaglamide exhibits anti-tumor activity.
S7445 E3330 E3330 (APX-3330) is a potent and selective APE1(Ref-1) inhibitor, which suppressed NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity.
Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(2):124
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment, 2020, (7): 492-497
S7637 DTP3 DTP3 is a selective GADD45β/MKK7 (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible β/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7) inhibitor and is able to restore MKK7/JNK activation. DTP3 inhibits cancer-selective NF-κB survival pathway.
S7672 Omaveloxolone (RTA-408) Omaveloxolone (RTA-408) is a synthetic triterpenoid that activates the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and inhibits NF-κB signaling. Phase 2.
Brain Behav, 2021, 11(1):e01918
Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(9)E2668
Int J Neurosci, 2020, 7:1-16
S8078 Bardoxolone Methyl Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402, TP-155, NSC 713200, CDDO Methyl Ester, CDDO-Me) is an IKK inhibitor, showing potent proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities; Also a potent Nrf2 activator and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor. Bardoxolone Methyl abrogates ferroptosis. Bardoxolone methyl induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.
Drug Des Devel Ther, 2021, 15:21-35
Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(6):E1645
Antioxidants (Basel), 2020, 9(1)
S8279 Shikonin (C.I. 75535) Shikonin (C.I. 75535, Anchusin, Anchusa acid, Alkanna Red, Isoarnebin 4, NSC 252844), a potent and specific Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. It is also an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channel activity using cell-based fluorescent-quenching assay. Shikonin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prevents activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway via proteasome inhibition.
Adv Sci (Weinh), 2022, 10.1002/advs.202104055
Nat Chem Biol, 2022, 10.1038/s41589-022-00996-7
Mil Med Res, 2022, 9(1):22
S8341 TAK-243 (MLN7243) TAK-243 (MLN7243) is a potent, mechanism-based small-molecule inhibitor of the ubiquitin activating enzyme (UAE) with an IC50 of 1 ± 0.2 nM in the UBCH10 E2 thioester assay. It has minimal inhibitory activity in a panel of kinase and receptor assays, as well as on human carbonic anhydrase type I and type II. TAK-243 (MLN7243) induces ER stress, abrogates NFκB pathway activation and promotes apoptosis.
Cell Rep, 2022, 38(12):110538
Free Radic Biol Med, 2022, 183:89-103
Arch Toxicol, 2022, 10.1007/s00204-021-03195-w
S8483 CBL0137 HCl CBL0137 (CBLC137, Curaxin 137) HCl activates p53 and inhibits NF-kB with EC50s of 0.37 μM and 0.47 μM in the cell-based p53 and NF-kB reporter assays, respectively. It also inhibits histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription complex).
Cancer Lett, 2021, 520:201-212
Cancer Lett, 2021, 499:232-242
bioRxiv, 2021, 10.1101/2021.04.20.440573
S8587 Withaferin A Withaferin A (WA, WFA) potently inhibits NF-κB activation by preventing the tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of IκB kinase β via a thioalkylation-sensitive redox mechanism. Withaferin A binds to the intermediate filament (IF) protein, vimentin with antitumor and antiangiogenesis activity. Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera.
Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(7)1063
Mol Cell Biol, 2021, MCB0046721
bioRxiv, 2021, 10.1101/2021.02.04.429815
S8941 NIK SMI1 NIK SMI1 is a highly potent and selective NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibitor with Ki of 0.23 nM for NIK-catalyzed hydrolysis of ATP to ADP.
S8961 Alobresib (GS-5829) Alobresib (GS-5829) is a novel BET inhibitor that represents a highly effective therapeutics agent against recurrent/chemotherapy-resistant USC-overexpressing c-Myc. Alobresib (GS-5829) inhibits CLL cell proliferation and induces leukemia cell apoptosis through deregulation of key signaling pathways, such as BLK, AKT, ERK1/2, and MYC. Alobresib (GS-5829) also inhibits NF-κB signaling.
S9040 Maslinic acid Maslinic Acid (Crategolic Acid, 2α-Hydroxyoleanoic Acid), a Natural Triterpene, exerts a wide range of biological activities, i.e. antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antiparasitic and growth-stimulating. MA significantly suppresses the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
S9075 Mulberroside A Mulberroside A, isolated from the ethanol extract of Morus alba roots, is widely employed as an active ingredient in cosmetic products due to its anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidant activities. Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1 and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38.
S9106 Eleutheroside E Eleutheroside E, a principal component of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and protecting against myocardial infarction.
S9141 Berbamine Berbamine (BA), a traditional Chinese medicines extracted from Berberis amurensis (xiaoboan), is a novel inhibitor of bcr/abl fusion gene with potent anti-leukemia activity and also an inhibitor of NF-κB. Berbamine (BA) induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).
Onco Targets Ther, 2019, 12:11437-11451
S9170 Engeletin Engeletin (Dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside), a bioactive flavonoid, has multiple biological activities such as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. engeletin againsts LPS-stimulated endometritis in mice via negative regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators via the TLR4-regulated NF-κB pathway.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 526(2):497-504
S9193 Aristolochic acid A Aristolochic acid A (Aristolochic Acid I, Aristolochin, Aristolochine, TR 1736) is a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic agent extracted from the flowering plant family Aristolochiaceae.Aristolochic acid A significantly reduces both activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activities.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2020, 6;19:1276-1289
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2020, 319(6):F1003-F1014
S9208 Ginsenoside Rb3 Ginsenoside Rb3, extracted from the plant Panax ginseng, plays important roles in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ginsenoside Rb3 (0.1-10 μM) is tested for inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) luciferase reporter activity using a human kidney 293T cell-based assay. Ginsenoside Rb3 shows the significant activity with an IC50 of 8.2 μM. Ginsenoside Rb3 also inhibits the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in a dose-dependent manner after HepG2 cells have been treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL).
S9244 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester (Barlerin, ND01), isolated from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, promotes angiogenesis, which leads to the improvement of functional outcome after stroke.8-O-Acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester can inhibts NF-κB.
S9295 Dauricine Dauricine, a plant metabolite isolated from the Asian vine Menispermum dauricum, plays a variety of biological roles in the human body, from inhibiting cancer cell growth to blocking cardiac transmembrane Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ion currents.Dauricine induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation and invasion through inhibiting NF‐κB signaling pathway in colon cancer cells.
S9374 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP, 2-Acetylhydroquinone, Quinacetophenone) is a mixture of dihydroxyacetophenone isomers is used in food flavouring. 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone significantly inhibits NO production via the suppression of iNOS expression. 2',5'-Dihydroxyacetophenone significantly decreases levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by blocking the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Pathol Oncol Res, 2019, 25(1):301-309
S9388 (+)-Praeruptorin A Praeruptorin A is a coumarin compound naturally occurring in the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn., a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of certain respiratory diseases and hypertension. Praeruptorin A exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro through inhibition of NF-κB activation. (+)-Praeruptorin A is one of enantiomers.
S9417 Homoplantaginin Homoplantaginin (Hispidulin-7-glucoside), a main flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicine Salvia plebeia, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Homoplantaginin inhibits TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression, IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation.
S9502 Madecassic acid Madecassic acid (Brahmic acid), a natural triterpene first isolated from C. asiatica, has diverse anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, blocking NF-κB activation in macrophages and causing by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 inhibition.
S9871 BTYNB BTYNB (BTYNB IMP1 Inhibitor, MDK6620) is a potent and selective inhibitor of IMP1 binding to c-Myc mRNA. BTYNB downregulates β-TrCP1 mRNA and reduces activation of nuclear transcriptional factors-kappa B (NF-κB). BTYNB disrupts this enhancer function by impairing IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1)-RNA association.
E0526New sappanone A Sappanone A, a homoisoflavanone isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan (Leguminosae), induces HO-1 expression by activating Nrf2 through the p38 MAPK pathway, suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB activation by suppressing the phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser536, exerting its anti-inflammatory effect.
S2979 CU-T12-9 CU-T12-9 is a specific agonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2 with EC50 of 52.9 nM in HEK-Blue hTLR2 SEAP assay. CU-T12-9 activates both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. CU-T12-9 signals through NF-κB and invokes an elevation of the downstream effectors TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS.
S3603 Betulinic acid Betulinic acid (ALS-357, Lupatic acid, Betulic acid), a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Syzigium claviflorum, is a inhibitor of HIV-1 with EC50 of 1.4 μ M. Betulinic acid acts as a new activator of NF-kB.Phase 1/2.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2022, 28:435-449
Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 2021:5519587
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2021, 78(2):235-246
E0211New Dihydroberberine

Dihydroberberine, a hydrogenated derivative of Berberine (BBR), exerts anti-inflammatory effect via dual modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
S0949 Cucurbitacin IIb Cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb, Dihydrocucurbitacin F, 25-deacetyl hemslecin A) inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB, blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α. Cucurbitacin IIb exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and induces apoptosis. Cucurbitacin IIb is isolated from Hemsleya amabilis.
S4611 TCEP Hydrochloride TCEP (Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) hydrochloride, a non-thiol reducing agent, promotes NF-κB-DNA binding in a dose-related manner.
S5804 N-Acetylcysteine amide N-acetylcysteine amide is a membrane penetrating antioxidant with anti-inflamatory activity through regulation of activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α as well as modulation of ROS.
Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):647
Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2020, 121:105703
Pancreatology, 2019, 19(2):258-265
S9184 Forsythoside B Forsythoside B is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, a Chinese folk medicinal plant. Forsythoside B has potent neuroprotective effects and has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antisepsis properties. Forsythoside B could inhibit TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and modulate NF-κB.
E0022New Ophiopogonin D Ophiopogonin D (OJV-VI, Deacetylophiopogonin C) is a steroidal glycoside isolated from Chinese herb Radix ophiopogonis and shows anti-tumor property. Ophiopogonin D could suppress TGF-β1-mediated metastatic behavior of MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating ITGB1/FAK/Src/AKT/β-catenin/MMP-9 signaling axis. Ophiopogonin D attenuates PM2.5-induced inflammation via suppressing the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in mouse pulmonary epithelial cells.
E0212New Cornuside

Cornuside is a bisiridoid glucoside compound isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. Cornuside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cornuside attenuates apoptosis in rat cortical neurons.
E0783New SM-7368 SM-7368 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor that targets downstream of MAPK p38 activation, also inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-9 upregulation.
E0526New sappanone A Sappanone A, a homoisoflavanone isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan (Leguminosae), induces HO-1 expression by activating Nrf2 through the p38 MAPK pathway, suppresses LPS-induced NF-κB activation by suppressing the phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser536, exerting its anti-inflammatory effect.
E0211New Dihydroberberine

Dihydroberberine, a hydrogenated derivative of Berberine (BBR), exerts anti-inflammatory effect via dual modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Tags: NF-κB inhibitor|NF-κB agonist|NF-κB activator|NF-κB inducer|NF-κB antagonist|NF-κB signaling pathway|NF-κB assay kit