Anti-infection

Inhibitory Selectivity

Anti-infection Products

All (131) Anti-infection Inhibitors (26) Anti-infection Agonists (1) Anti-infection Modulators (3)

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S5001	Tofacitinib (CP-690550) Citrate Tofacitinib citrate (CP-690550, Tasocitinib) is a novel inhibitor of JAK with IC50 of 1 nM, 20 nM and 112 nM against JAK3, JAK2, and JAK1, respectively. Tofacitinib citrate has anti-infection activity.	Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):5183 Cancer Res, 2021, canres.2125.2020 Cell Rep, 2021, 34(3):108627	CP-690550 reduced the severity of ischemic damage. (A) CP-690550 (10 μM) suppressed IL-17 production by cdT cells and activated memory T cells. cdT cells and CD4+ CD44+ memory T cells isolated from C5BL6J mice through flow cytometry were stimulated for 24 h with plate-bound monoclonal antibodies to CD3 (2 ng/ml) and CD28 (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of IL-23 (25 ng/ml). IL-17A production and IL-17A expression level were measured by quantitative RT-PCR (a) and ELISA (b). (B) CBF reduction after brain ischemia. (C) Time-dependent changes in neurological score. *p < 0.05. (D) Infarct volume as visualized through TTC staining on day 3 in CP-690550 (CP)- and vehicle-treated mice.
S4157	Chloroquine diphosphate Chloroquine diphosphate is a 4-aminoquinoline anti-malarial and anti-rheumatoid agent, also acting as an ATM activator. Chloroquine is also an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).	Gut, 2021, 70(5):890-899 Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):4794 Dev Cell, 2021, S1534-5807(21)00518-9	NCI-H929 EV and miR-137 OE cells were treated with ATM activator Chloroquine Phosphate (CQ), specific ATM inhibitor KU-55933, and ATR inhibitor AZ20 for 12 hr. Immunoblotting showed the expression of p-ATM, p-Chk2, p-BRCA1, p-ATR and p-Chk1.
S5967^New	Berberine chloride hydrate Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) chloride hydrate is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201
S4945^New	Ethacridine lactate Ethacridine lactate (Acrinol) is an aromatic organic compound based on acridine used as an antiseptic agent. Ethacridine lactate is also a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor.
S4417^New	Ceftaroline Fosamil Ceftaroline fosamil (CX-0903, DSP-5990, PPI-0903, TAK-599, Teflaro, Zinforo) is a cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
S2572	Streptomycin sulfate Streptomycin sulfate is a sulfate salt of streptomycin that is a protein synthesis inhibitor.	Life Sci, 2021, 282:119798 Biosci Rep, 2021, BSR20200842 Nutrients, 2020, 12(6):E1901
S8279	Shikonin (C.I. 75535) Shikonin (C.I. 75535, Anchusin, Anchusa acid, Alkanna Red, Isoarnebin 4, NSC 252844), a potent and specific Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. It is also an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channel activity using cell-based fluorescent-quenching assay. Shikonin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prevents activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway via proteasome inhibition.	Rheumatology (Oxford), 2020, keaa473 Am J Cancer Res, 2020, 10(11):3784-3800 Antiviral Res, 2020, 182:104924
S3226	Dehydroabietic acid Dehydroabietic acid (DAA, DHAA), a naturally occurring diterpene resin acid derived from coniferous plants such as Pinus and Picea, displays anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of Src-, Syk-, and TAK1-mediated pathways.
S3308	Caftaric acid Caftaric acid (CA, Caffeoyl tartaric acid) is a natural product that shows anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
S1553	Delafloxacin (ABT-492) Delafloxacin (ABT-492, RX-3341, WQ-3034) is a new fluoroquinolone against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens.
S4946	2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Pyrocatechuic acid, 3-Hydroxysalicylic acid, Hypogallic acid) is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta, also a product of human aspirin metabolism. It is a potentially useful iron-chelating drug and has antimicrobial properties.
S8068	Chaetocin Chaetocin, a natural product from Chaetomium species, is a histone methyltransferase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 μM, 2.5 μM and 3 μM for dSU(VAR)3-9, mouse G9a and Neurospora crassa DIM5, respectively. Chaetocin is an anticancer agent and inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).	Cancer Discov, 2021, candisc.0872.2020 Stem Cells Int, 2021, 2021:8888416 Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1):4709
S4430	Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate (NSC 4375) Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate (NSC 4375, HCQ) is an antimalarial agent used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune, inflammatory and dermatologic conditions. Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9.	Autophagy, 2021, 1-14 EMBO Mol Med, 2021, 13(9):e13193 Cell Rep, 2021, 35(1):108940	C, SA-beta gal staining results of A549-LKB1 cells treated by trametinib (30 nmol/L), radiotherapy (2 Gy), and HCQ (50 μmol/L). Cells were treated by HCQ and/or trametinib 4 hours prior to radiotherapy. Drugs were washed out 24 hours after radiotherapy. Cells were incubated for additional 48 hours before staining. D, Clonogenic survival assay of A549-LKB1 cells treated with trametinib (30 nmol/L) and HCQ (50 μmol/L).
S4303	9-Aminoacridine 9-Aminoacridine (Aminacrine) is a highly fluorescent dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, an intracellular pH indicator and a negative mode small molecule MALDI matrix.
S5927	Proguanil Proguanil (chlorguanide, chloroguanide) is a prophylactic antimalarial drug. It inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase of plasmodia and thereby blocks the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, which are essential for DNA synthesis and cell multiplication.	Sci Adv, 2021, 7(27)eabh3032
S6771	MAC-545496 MAC-545496 is a nanomolar glycopeptide-resistance-associated protein R(GraR) inhibitor with strong binding affinity to the full-length GraR protein (Kd ≤ 0.1 nM). MAC-545496 can reverse β-lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant strains and synergize with CAMPs. MAC-545496 shows remarkable activity in macrophages and attenuates S. aureus virulence in a G. mellonella larvae infection model.
S3711	Carbasalate Calcium Carbasalate calcium (Iromin, Alcacyl, Omegin, Rheomin, Solupsan) is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drug as well as a platelet aggregation inhibitor.
S9341	3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (Caffeic acid dimethyl ether) is a bioavailable coffee component as a perspective anti-prion compound and bind potently to prion protein with a Kd of 405 nM.
S4515	Ademetionine disulfate tosylate Ademetionine Disulfate Tosylate is the disulfate-tosylate mixed salt of a mixture of diastereoisomers of the ademetionine ions. Ademetionine possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease.
S2430	Azodicarbonamide Azodicarbonamide is the first known nucleocapsid inhibitor that inhibits HIV-1 and a broad range of retroviruses by targeting the nucleocapsid CCHC domains. Azodicarbonamide inhibits the HIV-1_RF-induced cytopathicity of CEM-SS cells with an EC50 of 38 µM in a standard cell-based antiviral assay .
S6802	Etosalamide Etosalamide (Ethosalamide) is an anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesics properties.
S7867	Oleuropein Oleuropein is an antioxidant polyphenol isolated from olive leaf. Oleuropein exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects and suppresses the adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Oleuropein inhibits PPARγ activity. Oleuropein exerts anti-adipogenic effect through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase. Oleuropein induces apoptosis. Phase 2.	J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S3261	Myrislignan Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Myrislignan significantly inhibits the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependently in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Myrislignan inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway activation.
S4549	Antimonyl potassium tartrate trihydrate Antimonyl potassium tartrate trihydrate (Tartar emetic) is a powerful emetic, also used in the treatment of schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
S7465	FTI 277 HCl FTI 277 HCl is the methyl ester of FTI 277, which is a potent and selective farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor with IC50 of 500 pM, about 100-fold selectivity over the closely related GGTase I. FTI 277 HCl inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. FTI 277 HCl is effective in clearing HDV viremia.	PLoS Biol, 2021, 19(4):e3001134 Cell Struct Funct, 2021, 46(1):1-9 Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):273	(A) HCT 116 cells were treated with Tram (0, 30, or 60 nM), and then treated with 10 μM FTI-277/4 μM GGTI-298 or vehicle control for 48 hr. CCK8 assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and growth. The data from a representative example of three independent experiments are presented as the mean±SD. (B) SW480 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Tram (0, 80, 160 nM), and then treated with 10 μM FTI-277/4 μM GGTI-298 or vehicle control for 48 hr. CCK8 assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and growth. The data from a representative example of three independent experiments are presented as the mean±SD.
S1958	Sulbactam Sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor with an average IC50 of 0.8 μM.
S5184^New	Dexamethasone palmitate Dexamethasone palmitate (DXP), a lipophilic prodrug of Dexamethasone (DXM), is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist with a 47-fold lower affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor than DXM. Dexamethasone palmitate (DXP) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
S3269	Acetylcorynoline Acetylcorynoline, a major alkaloid component derived from Corydalis bungeana which is a traditional Chinese medical herb, shows anti-inflammatory properties. Acetylcorynoline may decrease egl-1 expression to suppress apoptosis pathways and increase rpn5 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes.
S3270	Genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside Genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside (GG, Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside, Genipin 1-gentiobioside, Genipin 1-β-gentiobioside, Genipin gentiobioside) is a bioactive iridoid glycoside isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi in Chinese) that exhibits hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.
S3279	Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C) Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C, FC), a diosgenin saponin isolated from Paris formosana, is an immunomodulator with antitumor activity. Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C, FC) induces apoptosis.	Oncol Lett, 2021, 22(1):550
S1282	Artemisinin Artemisinin (Qinghaosu, Artemisinine) is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide which is a potent antimalarial agent.	Front Immunol, 2021, 12:634368 Int Immunopharmacol, 2021, 95:107541 Antiviral Res, 2020, 29:104810
S2264	Artemether Artemether (SM-224, CGP 56696) is an antimalarial for the treatment of resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):14571 Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58	Schistosomicidal effects of PZQ, ART(Artemether) and OXA on 14-day schistosomula. Magnification of the in vitro-cultured schistosomula treated with PZQ, ART, and OXA at 10 μM. Drugs were added at day 14 and schistosomula were analyzed at day 21 (late treatment). 0.1% DMSO in medium (solvent of the drugs; used as negative control) had no effect on schistosomula development.
S2479	Lincomycin HCl Lincomycin hydrochloride (Lincocin, NSC 70731) is the monohydrated salt of lincomycin, a substance produced by the growth of a member of the lincolnensis group of Streptomyces lincolnensis.	Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58 Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00425-8
S5961^New	Prednisolone disodium phosphate Prednisolone disodium phosphate (Hydeltrasol, Prednisolone 21-phosphate disodium) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties that exerts late mitogenic and biphasic effects on resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.	Eur J Rheumatol, 2021, 10.5152/eurjrheum.2021.20054
S5963^New	Sulfathiazole sodium Sulfathiazole sodium, an antimicrobial agent, is an organosulfur compound that has been used as a short-acting sulfa drug.
P1201^New	LL37 (Human cathelicidin) LL37 (Human cathelicidin, Ropocamptide) is a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with potent chemotactic and immunomodulatory properties.
S3364^New	3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA) is a phenolic acid mostly found in olive oil wastewater and an intestinal metabolite of the dietary flavonoid quercetin. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid exhibits antimicrobial properties.
S1644	Nitrofural Nitrofural (Nitrofurazone) is a topical anti-infective agent with an IC50 of 22.83 ± 1.2 μM. (Rat LD50 = 590 mg/kg)
S4237	Primaquine Diphosphate Primaquine Diphosphate is a transmission-blocking anti-malarial clinically available, displaying a marked activity against gametocytes of all species of human malaria.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:695009 Cell Syst, 2019, 8(2):97-108
S2469	Fleroxacin Fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240, AM-833) is a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.
S3116	Sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole is an organosulfur compound that has been used as a short-acting sulfa drug.
S2511	Sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine (Sulphadoxine) is an ultra-long-lasting sulfonamide with an IC50 of 249 μg/ml for P. vivax.
S3067	Chlorhexidine 2HCl Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (NSC-185) is an antiseptic effective against a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):275
S4147	Azithromycin Dihydrate Azithromycin Dihydrate is an acid stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin.	PLoS Comput Biol, 2020, 16(12):e1008489 bioRxiv, 2020, 2020.10.02.324228 Adv Ther (Weinh), 2020, 2000034
S4191	Betamipron Betamipron (CS-443) is a chemical compound which is used together with panipenem to inhibit panipenem uptake into the renal tubule and prevent nephrotoxicity.
S2537	Secnidazole Secnidazole (Flagentyl, PM 185184, RP 14539) is a nitroimidazole anti-infective.
S4195	Broxyquinoline Broxyquinoline is an antiprotozoal agent and able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes.
S4196	Ethacridine lactate monohydrate Ethacridine lactate monohydrate is an aromatic organic compound based on acridine used as an antiseptic agent.	Carcinogenesis, 2014, 35(12):2822-30
S2612	Ribitol Ribitol (Adonitol) is a crystalline pentose alcohol and is formed by the reduction of ribose which is occurs naturally in the plant Adonis vernalis.
S4726	Lauric Acid Lauric Acid (dodecanoic acid, N-Dodecanoic acid, Dodecylic acid) is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone. Lauric acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
S3288	Absinthin Absinthin (Absynthine) is a naturally produced triterpene lactone from Artemisia absinthium with anti-inflammatory properties. Absinthin significantly enhances the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and is a possible treatment candidate for Acute lung injury (ALI).
S3941	Pinocembrin Pinocembrin (Dihydrochrysin, Galangin flavanone, 5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.	J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17(1):337
S4573	m-Tolyl acetate m-Tolyl acetate is a pharmaceutical intermediate and antiseptic.
S4579	Resorcinol Resorcinol is a chemical compound that serves as an antiseptic,an disinfectant, and a chemical intermediate for the production of many other pharmaceuticals.
S9564	p-Hydroxy-cinnamic Acid p-Hydroxy-cinnamic Acid has in vitro antimalarial activity and in vivo anti-osteoporotic properties.
S6288	Chlorhexidine diacetate Chlorhexidine diacetate (Hibitane diacetate) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.	BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):275
S5366	Fipronil Fipronil (Fluocyanobenpyrazole, Termidor) is a recalcitrant phenylpyrazole-based pesticide used for flea/tick treatment and termite control that is distributed in urban aquatic environments via stormwater and contributes to stream toxicity.
S9094	Pogostone Pogostone is one of the secondary metabolites from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae), serving as the effective component of the antimicrobial activity.	J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 278:114250
S4420	Mefloquine HCl Mefloquine HCl is a blood schizonticide by inhibiting hemozoin formation, used as an antimalarial drug.	Mol Med Rep, 2021, 23(1)40 bioRxiv, 2020, 2020/9/20.4.7.30734 Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist, 2018, 8(2):331-340	BALB/c mice, orally infected with E. multilocularis eggs, were treated by either mefloquine (100 mg/kg twice per week, n = 9), ABZ (200 mg/kg, 5 times per week, n = 8) or control-treated (placebo, n = 9). After 12 weeks of treatment, parasite lesion numbers in the liver were assessed microscopically (A).
S4142	Clopidol Clopidol (WR 61112) is an antiprotozoal agent.
S4592	Captisol (SBE-β-CD) Captisol (SBE-β-CD, Sulfobutylether-β-Cyclodextrin) is a novel, chemically modified cyclodextrin with a structure designed to optimize the solubility and stability of drugs.	Cell, 2021, S0092-8674(21)00690-5 Nat Biomed Eng, 2021, 10.1038/s41551-021-00718-9 Cell Rep, 2021, 34(11):108870
S5700	Phthalylsulfathiazole Phthalylsulfathiazole (Sulfathalidine) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that can treat different types of infections including intestinal.
S4041	Olsalazine Sodium Olsalazine Sodium is an anti-inflammatory prodrug, which consists of two 5-ASA moieties linked by an azo bond.	Oncotarget, 2017, 8(1):228-237	Values represent the average scores for each group ± S.E. (N = 10 per group). The differences between individual experimental groups and 17 days DSS only group were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all groups.
S6136	(±)-α-Bisabolol α-bisabolol is a small, plant-derived, oily sesquiterpene alcohol with some anti-inflammatory and even anti-microbial properties.
S5757	Isoeugenol Isoeugenol (4-Propenylguaiacol), an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon, shows antimicrobial activity.
S4250	Sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine (CL 13494) is a long-acting sulfonamide for treatment of Dermatitis herpetiformis.
S5397	Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent that is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.	J Cell Mol Med, 2021, 10.1111/jcmm.16673 BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):275
S6173	Amylmetacresol Amylmetacresol is an antiseptic used to treat infections of the mouth and throat.
S6185	Arachidonic acid Arachidonic acid (Arachidonate) is an unsaturated, essential fatty acid found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs. It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
S2271	Berberine chloride (NSC 646666) Berberine chloride (NSC 646666, Natural Yellow 18) is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201 Molecules, 2021, 26(5)1210 Biology (Basel), 2021, 10(3)250
S2282	Cinchonidine Cinchonidine is an alkaloid used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry.	J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S5475	Novaluron Novaluron (Rimon) belongs to the class of insecticides called insect growth regulators with pesticide properties.
S3218	Amiloxate Amiloxate (Amiloxiate, Isoamyl Methoxycinnamate, Isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate, Isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate, Isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, Isopentyl p-methoxycinnamate) is EMA-approved chemical UV-filter used in cosmetics. Amiloxate is a cinnamic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity.
S4172	Cetylpyridinium Chloride Cetylpyridinium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound used as oropharyngeal antiseptic.
S6243	Ethyl pyruvate Ethyl pyruvate (CTI-01) is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions.
S3695	Cystamine dihydrochloride Cystamine dihydrochloride (Decarboxycystine, 2-Aminoethyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobisethanamine) acts as an anti-infective agent, which is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and also as a radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes.
S4175	Sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine is a sulfonamide used as an anti-infective agent.
S2395	Rheochrysidin Rheochrysidin (Physcione) is an anthraquinone from roots of Rheum officinale Baill.	ACS Chem Biol, 2015, 10.1021/cb5009487	AmpC β-lactamase and MDH inhibition dose-response curves in the absence (black circles) and presence (red triangles) of DTT for (C and D) physcion.
S3787	Picroside I Picroside I (6'-Cinnamoylcatalpol), an iridoid glycoside, is a hepatoprotective agent which is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B.
S9016	Dipsacoside B Dipsacoside B, extracted from the flowerbuds of Lonicera confusa DC, shows strong antimicrobial activity.
S5908	Garenoxacin Garenoxacin (T-3811ME, BMS-284756) is a novel des-F(6) quinolone that has been shown to be effective in vitro against a wide range of clinically important pathogens, including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes.
S3649	Ceftazidime Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin that has activity against Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
S4062	Ronidazole Ronidazole is an antiprotozoal agent.
S4971	Buparvaquone Buparvaquone (Butalex) is a second-generation hydroxynaphthoquinone related to parvaquone, with novel features that make it a promising compound for the therapy and prophylaxis of all forms of theileriosis.
S6761	Dalfopristin Dalfopristin (RP54476) is a semi-synthetic analogue of ostreogyrcin A. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) is a parental streptogramin with a spectrum of activity that includes Gram-positive pathogens, including those resistant to other classes of antimicrobial compounds.
S4192	Chlorquinaldol Chlorquinaldol is an antimicrobial agent used for local antisepsy.
S5292	Diazolidinyl urea Diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
S3210	3'-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone 3'-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone (Acetoisovanillone, Isoacetovanillone, Diosmin EP Impurity A) is an active P. spinosa extract with anti-inflammatory potential.
S5887	Khellin Khellin (Methafrone, Visammin, Ammivisnagen, Khellinorm, Medekellin, Viscardan, Kalangin), a compound isolated from the seeds of Ammi Visnaga Lam (Umbelliferae), is used to treat a variety of maladies.
S4081	Sulfacetamide Sodium Sulfacetamide Sodium is an anti-biotic.	G3 (Bethesda), 2020, 4;10(5):1585-1597
S4759	p-Coumaric Acid p-Coumaric acid (4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, P-Hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-Coumaric acid, Trans-p-Coumaric acid, para-Coumaric Acid) is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid found in a variety of edible plants and is reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity.	Exp Ther Med, 2021, 21(5):503 J Nutr Biochem, 2015, 26(11):1379-84
S7411	Ascomycin (FK520) Ascomycin (FK520, FR 900520, Immunomycin), an FK-506 analog, is a neutral macrolide immunosuppressant, which prevents rejection after an organ transplant. Phase 3.	Melanoma Res, 2020, 30(4):325-335 Virol Sin, 2019, 34(6):648-661
S0146	Broxaldine Broxaldine (Brobenzoxaldine, AL307) is an antiprotozoal drug and can be used in leprosy.
S6019	2-Phenylphenol 2-Phenylphenol, found in lemon, is an antifungal agent and preservative used in food seasonings.
S9387	Maackiain Maackiain (Demethylpterocarpin) is a pterocarpan that is widely distributed in leguminous plants. It has anticancer and antimicrobial effects.
S9084	Rhoifolin Rhoifolin (Rhoifoloside, Apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, Apigenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside), a natural glycoside of apigenin, has been obtained from the green leaves of Rhus succedanea and possesses a variety of significant biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects.
S3801	Sodium Houttuyfonate Sodium Houttuyfonate, the active compound of the Houttuynia plant, is mainly used for treating purulent skin infections, respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia in elderly patients, and chronic bronchitis.
S2613	Clorsulon Clorsulon (MK-401) is used in the treatment of Fasciola hepatica infections in calves and sheep.	Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58 Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00425-8
S6442	Chlorphenesin Chlorphenesin is a synthetic preservative used in skin care as a cosmetic biocide.
S9342	1,4-Naphthoquinone 1,4-Naphthoquinone (α-Naphthoquinone, para-naphthoquinone, P-Naphthoquinone), found in diesel exhaust particles and it is an active metabolite of naphthalene, is a fumigant insecticide.
S2564	Cloxacillin Sodium Cloxacillin Sodium is a sodium salt of cloxacillin that is a penicillinase-resistant, acid resistant, semi-synthetic penicillin.
S9112	Kaempferitrin Kaempferitrin (Lespenefril, Lespedin, Lespenephryl, Kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside), isolated from the leaves of Hedyotis verticillata and from Onychium japonicum, has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
S5096	SulfadiMethoxine sodium Sulfadimethoxine (Sulfadimethoxydiazine) is a long-lasting sulfonamide antimicrobial agent used to treat many infections including treatment of respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections.	Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(6):646
S9113	Ononin Ononin (Formononetin glucoside, Formononetin 7-O-glucoside) is an isoflavone glycoside with anti-inflammtory effects.
S5099	4-Aminophenylarsonic acid 4-Aminophenylarsonic acid (Arsanilic Acid) is an organoarsenic compound with activity as an anti-infective agent.
S6459	Nifurtimox Nifurtimox (BAY-2502) is an antiprotozoal agent.
S4232	Nithiamide Nithiamide (CL 5279) is a non-5-nitroimidazole drugs.
S3618	Acetylspiramycin (ASPM) Acetylspiramycin (ASPM, Spiramycin II, Foromacidin B) is a macrolide antimicrobial agent.
S4236	Proflavine Hemisulfate Proflavine Hemisulfate is a topical antiseptic by interchelating DNA, thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands.
S3746	Lumefantrine Lumefantrine (benflumetol) is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2021, AAC.02137-20 ACS Infect Dis, 2020, 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00522
S5212	Imidazolidinyl Urea Imidazolidinyl Urea (Imidurea) is an antimicrobial agent used as preservative in cosmetics.
S5210	Sulfamethazine Sodium Salt Sulfamethazine (Sulfadimethyldiazine) is a sulfanilamide anti-infective agent used in the lifestock industry.
S0443	Desciclovir Desciclovir (DCV, 6-Deoxyacyclovir, BW A515U) is a prodrug of the antiherpetic agent acyclovir (ACV) that converted into ACV by xanthine oxidase in humans.
S4678	Povidone iodine Povidone iodine (Betadine, PVP iodine, PVP-I, Isodine) is a stable chemical complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone, PVP) and elemental iodine. It is used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol.
S9131	Punicalagin Punicalagin, a major ellagitannin found in pomegranate extracts, has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.	Cell, 2020, 30;181(3):637-652.e15. Cell, 2020, 30;181(3):637-652e15
S3139	Methenamine Methenamine is an antibiotic used for the treatment of urinary tract infection.
S5405	Propylparaben Propylparaben (Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, nipasol), a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, is an antimicrobial, preservative and flavouring agent.
S4242	Cetrimonium Bromide (CTAB) Cetrimonium Bromide (CTAB) is a known component of the broad-spectrum antiseptic cetrimide, which is a mixture of different quaternary ammonium salts.	Biochem Cell Biol, 2021, 10.1139/bcb-2020-0570 Micromachines (Basel), 2018, 9(6)
S5214	Imidocarb dipropionate Imidocarb is an antiprotozoal agent, used as dipropionate in the treatment of babesiosis and ehrlichiosis.	Nat Commun, 2017, 8(1):823
S6461	Permethrin Permethrin is a synthetic Type I pyrethroidal neurotoxic pesticide that has been responsible for accidental animal deaths.
S3978	5-Phenyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid 5-Phenyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (5-Phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid) is used as Synthetic building block, anti-malarial agent.
S3220	Trigonelline Trigonelline (Trigenolline) is a plant alkaloid and a major component of coffee and fenugreek with anti-degranulation, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Trigonelline inhibits FcεRI-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, such as phosphorylation of PLCγ1, PI3K, and Akt. Trigonelline (Trigenolline) also inhibits the microtubule formation in RBL-2H3 cells.
S5390	N-(Hytroxymethy)micotinamide N-(Hydroxymethyl)nicotinamide (Nikomethamide, Bilamid, N-hydroxymethylnicotinamide) is an antimicrobial agent.
S5355	Piperaquine phosphate Piperaquine phosphate is an orally active bisquinolone antimalarial drug.
S9560	Anisodamine Hydrobromide Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is a naturally occurring atropine derivative and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It also inhibits α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).
S5005	Cefotiam hydrochloride Cefotiam hydrochloride (Halospor, Pansporin, Pansporine) is the hydrochloride salt form of cefotiam and has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
S1962	Sulphadimethoxine Sulphadimethoxine is a non-reducing glucuronide.
S4555	Carsalam Carsalam (Carbonylsalicylamide) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
S7896	Sodium Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) Sodium Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) is a water soluble bile salt, used for the treatment of gallstones and liver cirrhosis.	Microbiome, 2019, 7(1):145 Int J Biol Sci, 2019, 15(9):1905-1920 EBioMedicine, 2018, 37:269-280
S4521	DEET DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, diethyltoluamide) is a commen active ingredient insect repellent.
S9185	Nitidine Chloride Nitidine Chloride, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid found in species of the genus Zanthoxylum, has an anti-malarial activity.	Front Cell Neurosci, 2020, 14:216

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S5001	Tofacitinib (CP-690550) Citrate Tofacitinib citrate (CP-690550, Tasocitinib) is a novel inhibitor of JAK with IC50 of 1 nM, 20 nM and 112 nM against JAK3, JAK2, and JAK1, respectively. Tofacitinib citrate has anti-infection activity.	Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):5183 Cancer Res, 2021, canres.2125.2020 Cell Rep, 2021, 34(3):108627	CP-690550 reduced the severity of ischemic damage. (A) CP-690550 (10 μM) suppressed IL-17 production by cdT cells and activated memory T cells. cdT cells and CD4+ CD44+ memory T cells isolated from C5BL6J mice through flow cytometry were stimulated for 24 h with plate-bound monoclonal antibodies to CD3 (2 ng/ml) and CD28 (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of IL-23 (25 ng/ml). IL-17A production and IL-17A expression level were measured by quantitative RT-PCR (a) and ELISA (b). (B) CBF reduction after brain ischemia. (C) Time-dependent changes in neurological score. *p < 0.05. (D) Infarct volume as visualized through TTC staining on day 3 in CP-690550 (CP)- and vehicle-treated mice.
S4157	Chloroquine diphosphate Chloroquine diphosphate is a 4-aminoquinoline anti-malarial and anti-rheumatoid agent, also acting as an ATM activator. Chloroquine is also an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).	Gut, 2021, 70(5):890-899 Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):4794 Dev Cell, 2021, S1534-5807(21)00518-9	NCI-H929 EV and miR-137 OE cells were treated with ATM activator Chloroquine Phosphate (CQ), specific ATM inhibitor KU-55933, and ATR inhibitor AZ20 for 12 hr. Immunoblotting showed the expression of p-ATM, p-Chk2, p-BRCA1, p-ATR and p-Chk1.
S5967^New	Berberine chloride hydrate Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) chloride hydrate is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201
S4945^New	Ethacridine lactate Ethacridine lactate (Acrinol) is an aromatic organic compound based on acridine used as an antiseptic agent. Ethacridine lactate is also a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor.
S4417^New	Ceftaroline Fosamil Ceftaroline fosamil (CX-0903, DSP-5990, PPI-0903, TAK-599, Teflaro, Zinforo) is a cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
S2572	Streptomycin sulfate Streptomycin sulfate is a sulfate salt of streptomycin that is a protein synthesis inhibitor.	Life Sci, 2021, 282:119798 Biosci Rep, 2021, BSR20200842 Nutrients, 2020, 12(6):E1901
S8279	Shikonin (C.I. 75535) Shikonin (C.I. 75535, Anchusin, Anchusa acid, Alkanna Red, Isoarnebin 4, NSC 252844), a potent and specific Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. It is also an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channel activity using cell-based fluorescent-quenching assay. Shikonin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prevents activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway via proteasome inhibition.	Rheumatology (Oxford), 2020, keaa473 Am J Cancer Res, 2020, 10(11):3784-3800 Antiviral Res, 2020, 182:104924
S3226	Dehydroabietic acid Dehydroabietic acid (DAA, DHAA), a naturally occurring diterpene resin acid derived from coniferous plants such as Pinus and Picea, displays anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of Src-, Syk-, and TAK1-mediated pathways.
S3308	Caftaric acid Caftaric acid (CA, Caffeoyl tartaric acid) is a natural product that shows anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
S1553	Delafloxacin (ABT-492) Delafloxacin (ABT-492, RX-3341, WQ-3034) is a new fluoroquinolone against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens.
S4946	2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Pyrocatechuic acid, 3-Hydroxysalicylic acid, Hypogallic acid) is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta, also a product of human aspirin metabolism. It is a potentially useful iron-chelating drug and has antimicrobial properties.
S8068	Chaetocin Chaetocin, a natural product from Chaetomium species, is a histone methyltransferase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 μM, 2.5 μM and 3 μM for dSU(VAR)3-9, mouse G9a and Neurospora crassa DIM5, respectively. Chaetocin is an anticancer agent and inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).	Cancer Discov, 2021, candisc.0872.2020 Stem Cells Int, 2021, 2021:8888416 Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1):4709
S4430	Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate (NSC 4375) Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate (NSC 4375, HCQ) is an antimalarial agent used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune, inflammatory and dermatologic conditions. Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9.	Autophagy, 2021, 1-14 EMBO Mol Med, 2021, 13(9):e13193 Cell Rep, 2021, 35(1):108940	C, SA-beta gal staining results of A549-LKB1 cells treated by trametinib (30 nmol/L), radiotherapy (2 Gy), and HCQ (50 μmol/L). Cells were treated by HCQ and/or trametinib 4 hours prior to radiotherapy. Drugs were washed out 24 hours after radiotherapy. Cells were incubated for additional 48 hours before staining. D, Clonogenic survival assay of A549-LKB1 cells treated with trametinib (30 nmol/L) and HCQ (50 μmol/L).
S4303	9-Aminoacridine 9-Aminoacridine (Aminacrine) is a highly fluorescent dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, an intracellular pH indicator and a negative mode small molecule MALDI matrix.
S5927	Proguanil Proguanil (chlorguanide, chloroguanide) is a prophylactic antimalarial drug. It inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase of plasmodia and thereby blocks the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, which are essential for DNA synthesis and cell multiplication.	Sci Adv, 2021, 7(27)eabh3032
S6771	MAC-545496 MAC-545496 is a nanomolar glycopeptide-resistance-associated protein R(GraR) inhibitor with strong binding affinity to the full-length GraR protein (Kd ≤ 0.1 nM). MAC-545496 can reverse β-lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant strains and synergize with CAMPs. MAC-545496 shows remarkable activity in macrophages and attenuates S. aureus virulence in a G. mellonella larvae infection model.
S3711	Carbasalate Calcium Carbasalate calcium (Iromin, Alcacyl, Omegin, Rheomin, Solupsan) is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drug as well as a platelet aggregation inhibitor.
S9341	3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (Caffeic acid dimethyl ether) is a bioavailable coffee component as a perspective anti-prion compound and bind potently to prion protein with a Kd of 405 nM.
S4515	Ademetionine disulfate tosylate Ademetionine Disulfate Tosylate is the disulfate-tosylate mixed salt of a mixture of diastereoisomers of the ademetionine ions. Ademetionine possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease.
S2430	Azodicarbonamide Azodicarbonamide is the first known nucleocapsid inhibitor that inhibits HIV-1 and a broad range of retroviruses by targeting the nucleocapsid CCHC domains. Azodicarbonamide inhibits the HIV-1_RF-induced cytopathicity of CEM-SS cells with an EC50 of 38 µM in a standard cell-based antiviral assay .
S6802	Etosalamide Etosalamide (Ethosalamide) is an anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesics properties.
S7867	Oleuropein Oleuropein is an antioxidant polyphenol isolated from olive leaf. Oleuropein exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects and suppresses the adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Oleuropein inhibits PPARγ activity. Oleuropein exerts anti-adipogenic effect through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase. Oleuropein induces apoptosis. Phase 2.	J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S3261	Myrislignan Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Myrislignan significantly inhibits the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependently in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Myrislignan inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway activation.
S4549	Antimonyl potassium tartrate trihydrate Antimonyl potassium tartrate trihydrate (Tartar emetic) is a powerful emetic, also used in the treatment of schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
S7465	FTI 277 HCl FTI 277 HCl is the methyl ester of FTI 277, which is a potent and selective farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor with IC50 of 500 pM, about 100-fold selectivity over the closely related GGTase I. FTI 277 HCl inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. FTI 277 HCl is effective in clearing HDV viremia.	PLoS Biol, 2021, 19(4):e3001134 Cell Struct Funct, 2021, 46(1):1-9 Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):273	(A) HCT 116 cells were treated with Tram (0, 30, or 60 nM), and then treated with 10 μM FTI-277/4 μM GGTI-298 or vehicle control for 48 hr. CCK8 assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and growth. The data from a representative example of three independent experiments are presented as the mean±SD. (B) SW480 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Tram (0, 80, 160 nM), and then treated with 10 μM FTI-277/4 μM GGTI-298 or vehicle control for 48 hr. CCK8 assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and growth. The data from a representative example of three independent experiments are presented as the mean±SD.
S1958	Sulbactam Sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor with an average IC50 of 0.8 μM.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S5184^New	Dexamethasone palmitate Dexamethasone palmitate (DXP), a lipophilic prodrug of Dexamethasone (DXM), is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist with a 47-fold lower affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor than DXM. Dexamethasone palmitate (DXP) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

Catalog No.

Information

Product Use Citations

Product Validations

S5184^New

Dexamethasone palmitate

Dexamethasone palmitate (DXP), a lipophilic prodrug of Dexamethasone (DXM), is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist with a 47-fold lower affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor than DXM. Dexamethasone palmitate (DXP) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations
S3269	Acetylcorynoline Acetylcorynoline, a major alkaloid component derived from Corydalis bungeana which is a traditional Chinese medical herb, shows anti-inflammatory properties. Acetylcorynoline may decrease egl-1 expression to suppress apoptosis pathways and increase rpn5 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes.
S3270	Genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside Genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside (GG, Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside, Genipin 1-gentiobioside, Genipin 1-β-gentiobioside, Genipin gentiobioside) is a bioactive iridoid glycoside isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi in Chinese) that exhibits hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.
S3279	Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C) Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C, FC), a diosgenin saponin isolated from Paris formosana, is an immunomodulator with antitumor activity. Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C, FC) induces apoptosis.	Oncol Lett, 2021, 22(1):550

Catalog No.

Information

Product Use Citations

Product Validations

S3269

Acetylcorynoline

Acetylcorynoline, a major alkaloid component derived from Corydalis bungeana which is a traditional Chinese medical herb, shows anti-inflammatory properties. Acetylcorynoline may decrease egl-1 expression to suppress apoptosis pathways and increase rpn5 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes.

S3270

Genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside

Genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside (GG, Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside, Genipin 1-gentiobioside, Genipin 1-β-gentiobioside, Genipin gentiobioside) is a bioactive iridoid glycoside isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi in Chinese) that exhibits hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.

S3279

Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C)

Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C, FC), a diosgenin saponin isolated from Paris formosana, is an immunomodulator with antitumor activity. Polyphyllin B (Formosanin C, FC) induces apoptosis.

Oncol Lett, 2021, 22(1):550

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S1282	Artemisinin Artemisinin (Qinghaosu, Artemisinine) is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide which is a potent antimalarial agent.	Front Immunol, 2021, 12:634368 Int Immunopharmacol, 2021, 95:107541 Antiviral Res, 2020, 29:104810
S2264	Artemether Artemether (SM-224, CGP 56696) is an antimalarial for the treatment of resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):14571 Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58	Schistosomicidal effects of PZQ, ART(Artemether) and OXA on 14-day schistosomula. Magnification of the in vitro-cultured schistosomula treated with PZQ, ART, and OXA at 10 μM. Drugs were added at day 14 and schistosomula were analyzed at day 21 (late treatment). 0.1% DMSO in medium (solvent of the drugs; used as negative control) had no effect on schistosomula development.
S2479	Lincomycin HCl Lincomycin hydrochloride (Lincocin, NSC 70731) is the monohydrated salt of lincomycin, a substance produced by the growth of a member of the lincolnensis group of Streptomyces lincolnensis.	Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58 Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00425-8
S5961^New	Prednisolone disodium phosphate Prednisolone disodium phosphate (Hydeltrasol, Prednisolone 21-phosphate disodium) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties that exerts late mitogenic and biphasic effects on resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.	Eur J Rheumatol, 2021, 10.5152/eurjrheum.2021.20054
S5963^New	Sulfathiazole sodium Sulfathiazole sodium, an antimicrobial agent, is an organosulfur compound that has been used as a short-acting sulfa drug.
P1201^New	LL37 (Human cathelicidin) LL37 (Human cathelicidin, Ropocamptide) is a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with potent chemotactic and immunomodulatory properties.
S3364^New	3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA) is a phenolic acid mostly found in olive oil wastewater and an intestinal metabolite of the dietary flavonoid quercetin. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid exhibits antimicrobial properties.
S1644	Nitrofural Nitrofural (Nitrofurazone) is a topical anti-infective agent with an IC50 of 22.83 ± 1.2 μM. (Rat LD50 = 590 mg/kg)
S4237	Primaquine Diphosphate Primaquine Diphosphate is a transmission-blocking anti-malarial clinically available, displaying a marked activity against gametocytes of all species of human malaria.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:695009 Cell Syst, 2019, 8(2):97-108
S2469	Fleroxacin Fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240, AM-833) is a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.
S3116	Sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole is an organosulfur compound that has been used as a short-acting sulfa drug.
S2511	Sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine (Sulphadoxine) is an ultra-long-lasting sulfonamide with an IC50 of 249 μg/ml for P. vivax.
S3067	Chlorhexidine 2HCl Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (NSC-185) is an antiseptic effective against a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):275
S4147	Azithromycin Dihydrate Azithromycin Dihydrate is an acid stable orally administered macrolide antimicrobial drug, structurally related to erythromycin.	PLoS Comput Biol, 2020, 16(12):e1008489 bioRxiv, 2020, 2020.10.02.324228 Adv Ther (Weinh), 2020, 2000034
S4191	Betamipron Betamipron (CS-443) is a chemical compound which is used together with panipenem to inhibit panipenem uptake into the renal tubule and prevent nephrotoxicity.
S2537	Secnidazole Secnidazole (Flagentyl, PM 185184, RP 14539) is a nitroimidazole anti-infective.
S4195	Broxyquinoline Broxyquinoline is an antiprotozoal agent and able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes.
S4196	Ethacridine lactate monohydrate Ethacridine lactate monohydrate is an aromatic organic compound based on acridine used as an antiseptic agent.	Carcinogenesis, 2014, 35(12):2822-30
S2612	Ribitol Ribitol (Adonitol) is a crystalline pentose alcohol and is formed by the reduction of ribose which is occurs naturally in the plant Adonis vernalis.
S4726	Lauric Acid Lauric Acid (dodecanoic acid, N-Dodecanoic acid, Dodecylic acid) is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with a 12-carbon backbone. Lauric acid is found naturally in various plant and animal fats and oils, and is a major component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
S3288	Absinthin Absinthin (Absynthine) is a naturally produced triterpene lactone from Artemisia absinthium with anti-inflammatory properties. Absinthin significantly enhances the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and is a possible treatment candidate for Acute lung injury (ALI).
S3941	Pinocembrin Pinocembrin (Dihydrochrysin, Galangin flavanone, 5,7-Dihydroxyflavanone) is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.	J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17(1):337
S4573	m-Tolyl acetate m-Tolyl acetate is a pharmaceutical intermediate and antiseptic.
S4579	Resorcinol Resorcinol is a chemical compound that serves as an antiseptic,an disinfectant, and a chemical intermediate for the production of many other pharmaceuticals.
S9564	p-Hydroxy-cinnamic Acid p-Hydroxy-cinnamic Acid has in vitro antimalarial activity and in vivo anti-osteoporotic properties.
S6288	Chlorhexidine diacetate Chlorhexidine diacetate (Hibitane diacetate) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.	BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):275
S5366	Fipronil Fipronil (Fluocyanobenpyrazole, Termidor) is a recalcitrant phenylpyrazole-based pesticide used for flea/tick treatment and termite control that is distributed in urban aquatic environments via stormwater and contributes to stream toxicity.
S9094	Pogostone Pogostone is one of the secondary metabolites from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae), serving as the effective component of the antimicrobial activity.	J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 278:114250
S4420	Mefloquine HCl Mefloquine HCl is a blood schizonticide by inhibiting hemozoin formation, used as an antimalarial drug.	Mol Med Rep, 2021, 23(1)40 bioRxiv, 2020, 2020/9/20.4.7.30734 Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist, 2018, 8(2):331-340	BALB/c mice, orally infected with E. multilocularis eggs, were treated by either mefloquine (100 mg/kg twice per week, n = 9), ABZ (200 mg/kg, 5 times per week, n = 8) or control-treated (placebo, n = 9). After 12 weeks of treatment, parasite lesion numbers in the liver were assessed microscopically (A).
S4142	Clopidol Clopidol (WR 61112) is an antiprotozoal agent.
S4592	Captisol (SBE-β-CD) Captisol (SBE-β-CD, Sulfobutylether-β-Cyclodextrin) is a novel, chemically modified cyclodextrin with a structure designed to optimize the solubility and stability of drugs.	Cell, 2021, S0092-8674(21)00690-5 Nat Biomed Eng, 2021, 10.1038/s41551-021-00718-9 Cell Rep, 2021, 34(11):108870
S5700	Phthalylsulfathiazole Phthalylsulfathiazole (Sulfathalidine) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that can treat different types of infections including intestinal.
S4041	Olsalazine Sodium Olsalazine Sodium is an anti-inflammatory prodrug, which consists of two 5-ASA moieties linked by an azo bond.	Oncotarget, 2017, 8(1):228-237	Values represent the average scores for each group ± S.E. (N = 10 per group). The differences between individual experimental groups and 17 days DSS only group were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all groups.
S6136	(±)-α-Bisabolol α-bisabolol is a small, plant-derived, oily sesquiterpene alcohol with some anti-inflammatory and even anti-microbial properties.
S5757	Isoeugenol Isoeugenol (4-Propenylguaiacol), an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon, shows antimicrobial activity.
S4250	Sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine (CL 13494) is a long-acting sulfonamide for treatment of Dermatitis herpetiformis.
S5397	Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent that is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.	J Cell Mol Med, 2021, 10.1111/jcmm.16673 BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):275
S6173	Amylmetacresol Amylmetacresol is an antiseptic used to treat infections of the mouth and throat.
S6185	Arachidonic acid Arachidonic acid (Arachidonate) is an unsaturated, essential fatty acid found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs. It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
S2271	Berberine chloride (NSC 646666) Berberine chloride (NSC 646666, Natural Yellow 18) is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Berberine activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. Berberine chloride decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Berberine chloride induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. Berberine chloride is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Berberine chloride is also a potential autophagy modulator.	Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:632201 Molecules, 2021, 26(5)1210 Biology (Basel), 2021, 10(3)250
S2282	Cinchonidine Cinchonidine is an alkaloid used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry.	J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S5475	Novaluron Novaluron (Rimon) belongs to the class of insecticides called insect growth regulators with pesticide properties.
S3218	Amiloxate Amiloxate (Amiloxiate, Isoamyl Methoxycinnamate, Isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate, Isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate, Isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, Isopentyl p-methoxycinnamate) is EMA-approved chemical UV-filter used in cosmetics. Amiloxate is a cinnamic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity.
S4172	Cetylpyridinium Chloride Cetylpyridinium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound used as oropharyngeal antiseptic.
S6243	Ethyl pyruvate Ethyl pyruvate (CTI-01) is a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid and has been shown to have robust neuroprotective effects via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic functions.
S3695	Cystamine dihydrochloride Cystamine dihydrochloride (Decarboxycystine, 2-Aminoethyl disulfide, 2,2'-Dithiobisethanamine) acts as an anti-infective agent, which is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and also as a radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes.
S4175	Sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine is a sulfonamide used as an anti-infective agent.
S2395	Rheochrysidin Rheochrysidin (Physcione) is an anthraquinone from roots of Rheum officinale Baill.	ACS Chem Biol, 2015, 10.1021/cb5009487	AmpC β-lactamase and MDH inhibition dose-response curves in the absence (black circles) and presence (red triangles) of DTT for (C and D) physcion.
S3787	Picroside I Picroside I (6'-Cinnamoylcatalpol), an iridoid glycoside, is a hepatoprotective agent which is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B.
S9016	Dipsacoside B Dipsacoside B, extracted from the flowerbuds of Lonicera confusa DC, shows strong antimicrobial activity.
S5908	Garenoxacin Garenoxacin (T-3811ME, BMS-284756) is a novel des-F(6) quinolone that has been shown to be effective in vitro against a wide range of clinically important pathogens, including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes.
S3649	Ceftazidime Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin that has activity against Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
S4062	Ronidazole Ronidazole is an antiprotozoal agent.
S4971	Buparvaquone Buparvaquone (Butalex) is a second-generation hydroxynaphthoquinone related to parvaquone, with novel features that make it a promising compound for the therapy and prophylaxis of all forms of theileriosis.
S6761	Dalfopristin Dalfopristin (RP54476) is a semi-synthetic analogue of ostreogyrcin A. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) is a parental streptogramin with a spectrum of activity that includes Gram-positive pathogens, including those resistant to other classes of antimicrobial compounds.
S4192	Chlorquinaldol Chlorquinaldol is an antimicrobial agent used for local antisepsy.
S5292	Diazolidinyl urea Diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
S3210	3'-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone 3'-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone (Acetoisovanillone, Isoacetovanillone, Diosmin EP Impurity A) is an active P. spinosa extract with anti-inflammatory potential.
S5887	Khellin Khellin (Methafrone, Visammin, Ammivisnagen, Khellinorm, Medekellin, Viscardan, Kalangin), a compound isolated from the seeds of Ammi Visnaga Lam (Umbelliferae), is used to treat a variety of maladies.
S4081	Sulfacetamide Sodium Sulfacetamide Sodium is an anti-biotic.	G3 (Bethesda), 2020, 4;10(5):1585-1597
S4759	p-Coumaric Acid p-Coumaric acid (4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, P-Hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-Coumaric acid, Trans-p-Coumaric acid, para-Coumaric Acid) is a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid found in a variety of edible plants and is reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity.	Exp Ther Med, 2021, 21(5):503 J Nutr Biochem, 2015, 26(11):1379-84
S7411	Ascomycin (FK520) Ascomycin (FK520, FR 900520, Immunomycin), an FK-506 analog, is a neutral macrolide immunosuppressant, which prevents rejection after an organ transplant. Phase 3.	Melanoma Res, 2020, 30(4):325-335 Virol Sin, 2019, 34(6):648-661
S0146	Broxaldine Broxaldine (Brobenzoxaldine, AL307) is an antiprotozoal drug and can be used in leprosy.
S6019	2-Phenylphenol 2-Phenylphenol, found in lemon, is an antifungal agent and preservative used in food seasonings.
S9387	Maackiain Maackiain (Demethylpterocarpin) is a pterocarpan that is widely distributed in leguminous plants. It has anticancer and antimicrobial effects.
S9084	Rhoifolin Rhoifolin (Rhoifoloside, Apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, Apigenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside), a natural glycoside of apigenin, has been obtained from the green leaves of Rhus succedanea and possesses a variety of significant biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects.
S3801	Sodium Houttuyfonate Sodium Houttuyfonate, the active compound of the Houttuynia plant, is mainly used for treating purulent skin infections, respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia in elderly patients, and chronic bronchitis.
S2613	Clorsulon Clorsulon (MK-401) is used in the treatment of Fasciola hepatica infections in calves and sheep.	Hum Cell, 2021, 10.1007/s13577-021-00579-z Cancer Cell Int, 2020, 19;20:58 Hum Cell, 2020, 10.1007/s13577-020-00425-8
S6442	Chlorphenesin Chlorphenesin is a synthetic preservative used in skin care as a cosmetic biocide.
S9342	1,4-Naphthoquinone 1,4-Naphthoquinone (α-Naphthoquinone, para-naphthoquinone, P-Naphthoquinone), found in diesel exhaust particles and it is an active metabolite of naphthalene, is a fumigant insecticide.
S2564	Cloxacillin Sodium Cloxacillin Sodium is a sodium salt of cloxacillin that is a penicillinase-resistant, acid resistant, semi-synthetic penicillin.
S9112	Kaempferitrin Kaempferitrin (Lespenefril, Lespedin, Lespenephryl, Kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside), isolated from the leaves of Hedyotis verticillata and from Onychium japonicum, has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
S5096	SulfadiMethoxine sodium Sulfadimethoxine (Sulfadimethoxydiazine) is a long-lasting sulfonamide antimicrobial agent used to treat many infections including treatment of respiratory, urinary tract, enteric, and soft tissue infections.	Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(6):646
S9113	Ononin Ononin (Formononetin glucoside, Formononetin 7-O-glucoside) is an isoflavone glycoside with anti-inflammtory effects.
S5099	4-Aminophenylarsonic acid 4-Aminophenylarsonic acid (Arsanilic Acid) is an organoarsenic compound with activity as an anti-infective agent.
S6459	Nifurtimox Nifurtimox (BAY-2502) is an antiprotozoal agent.
S4232	Nithiamide Nithiamide (CL 5279) is a non-5-nitroimidazole drugs.
S3618	Acetylspiramycin (ASPM) Acetylspiramycin (ASPM, Spiramycin II, Foromacidin B) is a macrolide antimicrobial agent.
S4236	Proflavine Hemisulfate Proflavine Hemisulfate is a topical antiseptic by interchelating DNA, thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands.
S3746	Lumefantrine Lumefantrine (benflumetol) is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria.	Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2021, AAC.02137-20 ACS Infect Dis, 2020, 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00522
S5212	Imidazolidinyl Urea Imidazolidinyl Urea (Imidurea) is an antimicrobial agent used as preservative in cosmetics.
S5210	Sulfamethazine Sodium Salt Sulfamethazine (Sulfadimethyldiazine) is a sulfanilamide anti-infective agent used in the lifestock industry.
S0443	Desciclovir Desciclovir (DCV, 6-Deoxyacyclovir, BW A515U) is a prodrug of the antiherpetic agent acyclovir (ACV) that converted into ACV by xanthine oxidase in humans.
S4678	Povidone iodine Povidone iodine (Betadine, PVP iodine, PVP-I, Isodine) is a stable chemical complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone, PVP) and elemental iodine. It is used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol.
S9131	Punicalagin Punicalagin, a major ellagitannin found in pomegranate extracts, has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects.	Cell, 2020, 30;181(3):637-652.e15. Cell, 2020, 30;181(3):637-652e15
S3139	Methenamine Methenamine is an antibiotic used for the treatment of urinary tract infection.
S5405	Propylparaben Propylparaben (Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, nipasol), a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, is an antimicrobial, preservative and flavouring agent.
S4242	Cetrimonium Bromide (CTAB) Cetrimonium Bromide (CTAB) is a known component of the broad-spectrum antiseptic cetrimide, which is a mixture of different quaternary ammonium salts.	Biochem Cell Biol, 2021, 10.1139/bcb-2020-0570 Micromachines (Basel), 2018, 9(6)
S5214	Imidocarb dipropionate Imidocarb is an antiprotozoal agent, used as dipropionate in the treatment of babesiosis and ehrlichiosis.	Nat Commun, 2017, 8(1):823
S6461	Permethrin Permethrin is a synthetic Type I pyrethroidal neurotoxic pesticide that has been responsible for accidental animal deaths.
S3978	5-Phenyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid 5-Phenyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (5-Phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid) is used as Synthetic building block, anti-malarial agent.
S3220	Trigonelline Trigonelline (Trigenolline) is a plant alkaloid and a major component of coffee and fenugreek with anti-degranulation, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Trigonelline inhibits FcεRI-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, such as phosphorylation of PLCγ1, PI3K, and Akt. Trigonelline (Trigenolline) also inhibits the microtubule formation in RBL-2H3 cells.
S5390	N-(Hytroxymethy)micotinamide N-(Hydroxymethyl)nicotinamide (Nikomethamide, Bilamid, N-hydroxymethylnicotinamide) is an antimicrobial agent.
S5355	Piperaquine phosphate Piperaquine phosphate is an orally active bisquinolone antimalarial drug.
S9560	Anisodamine Hydrobromide Anisodamine (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is a naturally occurring atropine derivative and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It also inhibits α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).
S5005	Cefotiam hydrochloride Cefotiam hydrochloride (Halospor, Pansporin, Pansporine) is the hydrochloride salt form of cefotiam and has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
S1962	Sulphadimethoxine Sulphadimethoxine is a non-reducing glucuronide.
S4555	Carsalam Carsalam (Carbonylsalicylamide) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
S7896	Sodium Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) Sodium Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) is a water soluble bile salt, used for the treatment of gallstones and liver cirrhosis.	Microbiome, 2019, 7(1):145 Int J Biol Sci, 2019, 15(9):1905-1920 EBioMedicine, 2018, 37:269-280
S4521	DEET DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, diethyltoluamide) is a commen active ingredient insect repellent.
S9185	Nitidine Chloride Nitidine Chloride, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid found in species of the genus Zanthoxylum, has an anti-malarial activity.	Front Cell Neurosci, 2020, 14:216

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