Chloroquine diphosphate

Catalog No.S4157

Chloroquine diphosphate Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight(MW): 515.86

Chloroquine diphosphate is a 4-aminoquinoline anti-malarial and anti-rheumatoid agent, also acting as an ATM activator.

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Cited by 42 Publications

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Biological Activity

Description Chloroquine diphosphate is a 4-aminoquinoline anti-malarial and anti-rheumatoid agent, also acting as an ATM activator.
Targets
ATM [1]
(Cell-free assay)
In vitro

Chloroquine is a chemotherapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of malaria. Chloroquine is able to bind to DNA, and inhibit DNA replication and RNA synthesis which in turn results in cell death. The effect of Chloroquine may also be related to the formation of a toxic heme-Chloroquine complex. Chloroquine inhibits trophozoite hemoglobin degradation through increasing vacuolar pH and inhibiting the activity of vacuolar phospholipase, vacuolar proteases, and heme polymerase[1]. Chloroquine possesses definite antirheumatic properties. Chloroquine has immuno-modulatory effects, suppressing the production/release of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6. Moreover, Chloroquine exerts direct antiviral effects, inhibiting pH-dependent steps of the replication of several viruses including members of the flaviviruses, retroviruses, and coronaviruses. Its best-studied effects are those against HIV replication[2]. Chloroquine can accumulate inside the macrophage phagolysosome by ion trapping where it exerts potent antifungal activity against Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans by distinct mechanisms. Chloroquine inhibits growth of H. capsulatum by pH-dependent iron deprivation, whereas it is directly toxic to C. neoformans[3].

Cell Data
Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID
human K562 cells NEHSTZdEgXSxdH;4bYPDqGG|c3H5 MnjkR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gT|U3OiClZXzsd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFnDOVA:OzFwOEOgcm0> NUmxOW97OTh3M{i1Olc>
human KB cells NHXoWoZEgXSxdH;4bYPDqGG|c3H5 NXrt[VlkS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hU0JiY3XscJMh[nlibXnjdo9xdGG2ZTDt[ZRpd2RuIFnDOVA:OC54IN88US=> NYjBfG95OTR4NEC1NlQ>
human MDA-MB-468 cells Mn\MR5l1d3SxeHnjxsBie3OjeR?= NXnvXm9{PDhiaB?= NX;6Sm9tS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hVUSDLV3CMVQ3QCClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC0PEBpenNiYomgV3JDKGG|c3H5JIlvKHC{ZYPlcoNmKG:oIEOuOUB2VSB2LTiyMYNpdG:{bz2xNGgueGinbn;4ZZpqdi1zMD35cEkuViyQLXTp[ZRpgWykdYThck0yNWGvaX7lJIh6\HKxY3jsc5Jq\GVuIFfJOVA:Oi56MTFOwG0> MoLWNVk6PDVzOUe=
human MCF7 cells NWT4RocxS3m2b4TvfIlkyqCjc4PhfS=> MlfIOFghcA>? NGnRbXJEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBOS0Z5IHPlcIx{KGGodHXyJFQ5KGi{czDifUBUWkJiYYPzZZkhcW5icILld4Vv[2Vib3[gNE41KHWPIEGtLFEuMDRvKEetdIhmdnmuLUHIMYlucWSjen;bOEw2NWefcYXpco95[Wyrbj22MZltMWKnbor5cElxcXCncnnkbY4uPC27bDmtNWgu[mWwen;b[H1qdWmmYYrvcE0zMDOKKT3vcoUtKEeLNUC9OU42OSEQvF2= NHT4RWoyQTl2NUG5Oy=>
human MDA-MB-231 cells NGXRXpJEgXSxdH;4bYPDqGG|c3H5 NFfpWno1QCCq NGTDSpVEgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBOTEFvTVKtNlMyKGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyCkeTDTVmIh[XO|YYmgbY4heHKnc3XuZ4Uhd2ZiMz61JJVOKDRvKEKtZ4htd3KxLUGwTE1xcGWwb4jhfolvNTFyLYnsLU1PNE5vZHnleIh6dGK3dHHuMVEu[W2rbnWgbJllem:laHzvdoll\SxiR1m1NF03NjB6IN88US=> MXOxPVk1PTF7Nx?=
human HeLa cells M3Hnc2N6fG:2b4jpZ:Kh[XO|YYm= MmDCR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gTIVN[SClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCpcn;3eIghcW6qaXLpeIlwdiCkeTDNWHQh[XO|YYmsJGlEPTB;M{Cg{txO MVuyOFM2PDN{Mh?=
human HepG2 cells NWnwPVFtS3m2b4TvfIlkyqCjc4PhfS=> NXLtflF3PDhiaB?= NEPWRoREgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliYXfhbY5{fCCqdX3hckBJ\XCJMjDj[YxteyCjZoTldkA1QCCqcoOgZpkhVVSWIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwQVM4NjZ6IN88US=> NHe4cVYzOzhzNUG4Oi=>

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data
Assay
Methods Test Index PMID
Western blot
ZEBRA / p-S824 KAP1 ; 

PubMed: 28249048     


HH514-16 BL cells were treated with chloroquine and harvested at different times post-treatment for immunoblotting with antibodies as indicated. 

p62 / LC3 ; 

PubMed: 26677873     


Antiautophagic activity of Lys01. Panc 10.05 cells were treated for 24 h with the indicated doses of chloroquine or Lys01 and were probed by Western blot.

28249048 26677873
Immunofluorescence
p-S824 KAP1 / ZEBRA ; 

PubMed: 28249048     


HH514-16 BL cells were treated with chloroquine (CQ) or chloroquine plus KU-55933 (CQ+KU) and harvested at 24 hours followed by staining with anti-phospho KAP1 (S824) plus anti-ZEBRA antibodies and visualized at 1000X magnification.

CD1d-β2m / LAMP1 ; 

PubMed: 20368272     


HEK293-CD1d WT cells were treated overnight with 20 μM of chloroquine (or vehicle). The cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained with the anti-CD1d-β2m mAb (red), anti-LAMP-1 (green) and Hoechst (blue). The stained cells were then analyzed by confocal microscopy. 

SQSTM1 / MAP1LC3B ; 

PubMed: 29872540     


Immunofluorescent images of astrocytoma SNB-19 cells treated with DMSO, emetine or chloroquine for 24 h, then stained with SQSTM1 protein (green), MAP1LC3B protein (red) and nuclei (blue). 

28249048 20368272 29872540
Growth inhibition assay
Cell viability ; 

PubMed: 25521075     


A549 cells were treated with serial concentrations of chloroquine for 72 h, and Huh7 cells were treated with the same concentrations for 48 h. Tumour cell viability was determined by cell viability assay. Data represent means from at least three independent experiments ± SD. 

25521075

Protocol

Solubility (25°C)

In vitro Water 100 mg/mL (193.85 mM)
DMSO Insoluble
Ethanol Insoluble

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight 515.86
Formula

C18H26ClN3.2H3O4P
CAS No. 50-63-5
Storage powder
in solvent
Synonyms N/A

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Clinical Trial Information

NCT Number Recruitment interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT02378532 Recruiting Drug: Chloroquine|Radiation: Radiotherapy|Drug: Temozolomide Glioblastoma Multiforme Maastricht Radiation Oncology August 2016 Phase 1
NCT02496741 Unknown status Drug: Metformin and chloroquine combination Glioma|Cholangiocarcinoma|Chondrosarcoma Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA) November 2015 Phase 1|Phase 2
NCT02610686 Unknown status Drug: Chloroquine Plasmodium Vivax National Institute of Malariology Parasitology and Entomology Vietnam|Institute of Tropical Medicine Belgium March 2015 Phase 4
NCT02698748 Completed Drug: Chloroquine|Drug: Placebo Malaria Centro de Investigacao em Saude de Manhica January 2015 Phase 2|Phase 3
NCT02071537 Unknown status Drug: Chloroquine|Drug: Carboplatin|Drug: Gemcitabine Malignant Neoplasm|Solid Tumors University of Cincinnati May 2014 Phase 1
NCT00969306 Terminated Drug: Chloroquine A-CQ 100 Small Cell Lung Cancer Maastricht Radiation Oncology|Maastricht University Medical Center|National Cancer Institute (NCI) September 2013 Phase 1

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ATM/ATR Signaling Pathway Map

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Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID