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Catalog No.	Product Name	Information	Product Use Citations
S1261	Celecoxib	Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 40 nM in Sf9 cells.	Commun Biol, 2025, 8(1):28 Mol Med, 2025, 31(1):1 J Biol Chem, 2025, 301(2):108195
S1396	Resveratrol	Resveratrol has a wide spectrum of targets including cyclooxygenases(i.e. COX, IC50=1.1 μM), lipooxygenases（LOX, IC50=2.7 μM）, kinases, sirtuins and other proteins. It has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular effects. Resveratrol induces mitophagy/autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis.	Front Immunol, 2025, 16:1515605 Int J Mol Sci, 2025, 26(2)851 Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2024, 723:150186
S1204	Melatonin	Melatonin is a MT receptor agonist, used as a dietary supplement. Melatonin is a selective ATF-6 inhibitor and downregulates COX-2. Melatonin enhances mitophagy and regulates the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy.	Antioxidants (Basel), 2025, 14(5)528 Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1):8451 Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2025, 760:151706
S4028	Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate	Dexamethasone (Dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt) is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs, and an interleukin receptor modulator that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2025, 122(12):e2426107122 Cancer Cell, 2024, 42(9):1507-1527.e11 Phytomedicine, 2024, 136:156283
S3017	Aspirin	Aspirin is a salicylate, and irreversible COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. Aspirin induces autophagy and stimulates mitophagy.	J Biol Chem, 2025, 301(2):108195 iScience, 2024, 27(10):110862 Cell Death Discov, 2023, 10.1038/s41420-023-01664-y
S1576	Sulfasalazine	Sulfasalazine is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy.	Med Oncol, 2024, 41(8):188 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023, 10(20):e2300517 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022, 119(36):e2117396119
S1723	Indomethacin	Indomethacin is a nonselective COX1 and COX2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively, used to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling.	Nature, 2024, 10.1038/s41586-024-08257-4 Cell Rep Med, 2024, 5(12):101849 Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(18)10162
S8433	NS-398 (NS398)	NS-398 (N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methane sulfonamide) is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The IC50 values for human recombinant COX-1 and -2 are 75 and 1.77 μM, respectively.	Elife, 2023, 12e82970 Elife, 2023, 12e82970 PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2022, 16(4):e0010402
S2007	Sulindac	Sulindac(MK-231) is a non-steroidal COX inhibitor, which potently inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, used in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions.	iScience, 2024, 27(10):110862 Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5351 Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5351
S2903	Lumiracoxib	Lumiracoxib (COX-189) is a novel, selective COX-2 inhibitor with K_i of 0.06 μM. It also inhibits COX1 with K_i of 3 μM.	Int J Biol Macromol, 2021, 187:603-613 Cells, 2020, 9(9)E2005 J Am Heart Assoc, 2020, 9(1):e013470
S2410	Paeoniflorin (NSC 178886)	Paeoniflorin (NSC 178886,Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall. Paeoniflorin reduces COX-2 expression. Paeoniflorin alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HIF-1α through mTOR-dependent pathway.	World J Emerg Med, 2024, 15(3):206-213 Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 2023, 10.1002/kjm2.12736 J Pers Med, 2022, 12(2)258
S7889	Xanthohumol	Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hop, inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects. Xanthohumol inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and DGAT2 with both IC50 of 40 μM. Xanthohumol is also a potent antiviral agent against a series of DNA and RNA viruses. Xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase 1.	J Cell Sci, 2024, 137(20)jcs262162 Antiviral Res, 2022, 207:105416 Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2022, 2022:9523491
S1638	Ibuprofen (NSC 256857)	Ibuprofen (NSC 256857, Dolgesic) is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.	Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1):3326 Front Behav Neurosci, 2023, 17:1189489 Front Behav Neurosci, 2023, 17:1189489
S3023	Bufexamac	Bufexamac(Bufexamic acid) is a COX inhibitor for IFN-α release with EC50 of 8.9 μM.	Biomedicines, 2024, 12(6)1203 Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(9)4559 Reprod Sci, 2021, 10.1007/s43032-021-00533-2
S1734	Meloxicam	Meloxicam is a selective COX inhibitor, used to relieve pain and fever effects.	Cell Biosci, 2023, 13(1):76 J Oncol, 2022, 2022:4598573 PLoS One, 2020, 13;15(3):e0230272
S1903	Diclofenac Sodium	Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 0.5 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml for COX-1 and -2 in intact cells, respectively, used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to relieve pain and reduce swelling in flammation.	Cancer Cell, 2025, 43(4):776-796.e14 Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018:3692752 Arch Toxicol, 2018, 92(6):1953-1967
S4295	Meclofenamate Sodium	Meclofenamate Sodium(CI 583) is a dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 40 nM and 50 nM, respectively, used in the treatment of joint, muscular pain, arthritis and dysmenorrhea. Meclofenamate Sodium is a non-selective gap-junction blocker and a highly selective inhibitor of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) enzyme inhibitor.	Biomaterials, 2025, 319:123168 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023, e2307206. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(2)1624
S1960	Pranoprofen	Pranoprofen (Pyranoprofen,Pranopulin) is a non-steroidal COX inhibitor, used as an anti-inflammatory drug in ophthalmology.	FEBS J, 2022, 10.1111/febs.16609 Front Immunol, 2020, 11:534099 Mol Med Rep, 2017, 15(6):4305-4311
S1959	Tolfenamic Acid	Tolfenamic Acid(Clotam) is a COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.2 μM.	Front Microbiol, 2020, 10:2936 Hum Mol Genet, 2020, ddaa244 Oncotarget, 2017, 8(57):96865-96884
S4049	Valdecoxib	Valdecoxib is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2 with IC50 of 5 nM.	Cancer Cell, 2022, S1535-6108(21)00662-0 Cell Rep, 2022, 38(10):110490 Biochem Bioph Res Co, 2015, 460(2):198-204
S2040	Nimesulide	Nimesulide is a relatively COX-2 selective inhibitor with IC50 of 26 μM.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805 Front Microbiol, 2020, 10:2936 Elife, 2016, 5e14653
S9190	Oroxin B	Oroxin B (Hypocretin-2), one of flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent, selectively induces tumor-suppressive ER stress in malignant lymphoma cells and has antioxidant activity. Oroxin B significantly inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be strongly associated with the inhibiting COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 cells, Oroxin B potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer.COX-2, VEGF, PI3K, and p-AKT expression levels are downregulated, while PTEN is upregulated after Oroxin B treatment.	Environ Pollut, 2023, 323:121306 Theranostics, 2022, 12(2):910-928 J Cancer, 2021, 12(7):2140-2150
S3931	Ginsenoside Rd	Ginsenoside Rd (Panaxoside Rd, Sanchinoside Rd), a minor ginseng saponin, has several pharmacological activities such as immunosuppressive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunological adjuvant, anti-cancer activity and wound-healing activity. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 12.05±0.82 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits Ca2+ influx. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, with IC50s of 58.0±4.5 μM, 78.4±5.3 μM, 81.7±2.6 μM, and 85.1±9.1 μM, respectively.	Drug Des Devel Ther, 2022, 16:2767-2782 J Ginseng Res, 2022, 46(5):700-709 J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S5010	Indometacin Sodium	Indometacin Sodium (Indomethacin Sodium) is the sodium salt of indomethacin, which is a non-selective, reversible, and competitive inhibitor of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 with anti-inflammatory, analgesic-antipyretic and tocolytic effects.	J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 40(1):344 Mol Cell, 2020, 80(3):525-540.e9 Mol Cancer Ther, 2020, 19;molcanther00152020
S3925	(-)-Epicatechin gallate	(-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with IC50 of 7.5 μM.	Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(2):205 PLoS One, 2018, 13(10):e0205123 J Fish Dis, 2018, 10.1111/jfd.12819
S1328	Etodolac	Etodolac(AY-24236) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a COX inhibitor, used for the treatment of inflammation and pain.	J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1):86 Genome Med, 2021, 13(1):168
S1645	Ketoprofen	Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a dual COX1/2 inhibitor, used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to treat arthritis-related inflammatory pains.	Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2022, 7(1):46 J Nucl Med, 2020, jnumed.120.249367
S1646	Ketorolac	Ketorolac is a non-selective COX inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 1.23 μM and 3.50 μM, respectively.	Cancer Res, 2024, Life Sci, 2020, 15;251:117604 J Virol, 2020, 6;94(2):e01679-19
S1626	Naproxen Sodium	Naproxen Sodium (RS-3650) is a COX inhibitor for COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 8.7 μM and 5.2 μM, respectively.	Adv Ther (Weinh), 2020, 2000034 Drug Metab Dispos, 2020, 48(8):613-621
S5177	Naproxen	Naproxen is an anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is a nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2.	Drug Metab Dispos, 2020, 48(8):613-621 Biogerontology, 2016, 17(5-6):907-920
S4078	Mefenamic Acid	Mefenamic Acid (CI 473, CN-35355) is a competitive inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805 Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2022, 10.1152/ajprenal.00568.2020 Brain Res, 2020, 20;1740:146846
S2351	Salicin	Salicin (Salicoside, Salicine) is a phenol β-glycosid produced from willow bark that shows anti-inflammatory effects. It is a natural, non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor.	Transl Oncol, 2023, 35:101712 Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019, 508(3):682-689
S6686	SC-560	SC-560 is a highly selective COX-1 inhibitor with IC50 of 9 nM, compared with the IC50 of 6.3 μM for COX-2, nearly 1,000-fold higher than with COX-1.	Front Mol Biosci, 2023, 10:1116398 Front Mol Biosci, 2023, 10:1116398 Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14(17)4134
S1255	Nepafenac	Nepafenac (AHR 9434, AL 6515) is a prodrug of amfenac that acts as an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery.	Adv Sci (Weinh), 2020, 7(21):2001018
S3043	Rofecoxib	Rofecoxib (MK-0966) is a COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 18 nM.	Cancer Res, 2024, J Neuroinflammation, 2024, 21(1):37 Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2015, 285(1):51-60
S1713	Piroxicam	Piroxicam (CP 16171) is a non-selective COX inhibitor, used in the treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.	Cell Biosci, 2023, 13(1):76
S2577	Phenacetin	Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic without anti-inflammatory properties.	Drug Metab Dispos, 2025, 53(4):100049 Cell Stem Cell, 2023, S1934-5909(23)00084-X Cell Stem Cell, 2023, 30(5):617-631.e8
S3018	Niflumic acid	Niflumic acid(Nifluril) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 used for joint and muscular pain.	Oncol Lett, 2020, 20(4):39
S2121	Licofelone (ML3000)	Licofelone (ML3000, Compound 3e) is a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with IC50 of 0.21 μM and 0.18 μM, respectively. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Licofelone is considered as a treatment for osteoarthritis.	Hum Mol Genet, 2020, ddaa244
S3200	Triflusal	Triflusal (UR1501) irreversibly inhibits the production of thromboxane-B2 in platelets by acetylating cycloxygenase-1.	J Am Heart Assoc, 2020, 9(1):e013470
S5698	Ketorolac tromethamine salt	Ketorolac tromethamine is a synthetic pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 20 nM for both COX-1 and COX-2.	Front Immunol, 2021, 12:616402
S4628	(+/-)-Sulfinpyrazone	Sulfinpyrazone (G-28315, NSC 75925) is one of the most studied platelet COX inhibitors, also a uricosuric agent that competitively inhibits uric acid reabsorption in kidney proximal tubules.	Cell Chem Biol, 2021, S2451-9456(21)00442-6
S4136	Carprofen	Carprofen inhibits canine COX2 with IC50 of 30 nM.	J Neuroendocrinol, 2022, e13195.
S3168	cis-Resveratrol	cis-Resveratrol (cis-RESV, cRes, (Z)-Resveratrol) is the Cis isomer of Resveratrol. Resveratrol is a natural phenolic compound with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol is an inhibitor of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and an activator of Nrf2 and SIRT1 and may induce apoptosis. Resveratrol also inhibits a wide spectrum of targets including 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), IKKβ, DNA polymerases α and δ with IC50 of 2.7 μM, <1 μM, 1 μM, 3.3 μM and 5 μM, respectively.	J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2022, 77-8:1485-1493
S5640	Ethyl caffeate	Ethyl caffeate, a naturally occurring compound found in Bidens pilosa, suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in vitro.	Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(12)9997
S3974	(+)-Catechin hydrate	(+)-Catechin hydrate is a plant derived polyphenolic anti-oxidants with phytotoxic properties. (+)-Catechin hydrate is a frequent component of traditional herbal remedies, such as Uncaria rhynchophylla. (+)-Catechin hydrate inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.	J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2021, 211:105906
S4656	Parecoxib	Parecoxib (SC-69124, Valus-P, Vorth-P) is a selective COX2 inhibitor.	Theranostics, 2020, 10(8):3366-3381
S4651	Etoricoxib	Etoricoxib (Arcoxia, MK-663, MK-0663, Tauxib, Algix, Nucoxia) is a new COX-2 selective inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and potential antineoplastic properties.	Nature, 2024, 10.1038/s41586-024-08257-4 Virol Sin, 2019, 34(6):648-661
S2995	4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid	4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA), an abundant colon metabolite of polyphenols, is a potent scavenger that suppresses levels of free radicals and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and contributes to reduced risk of colon cancer development.	Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023, 10(6):e2204006
S5595	3-Carene	3-Carene (Carene, Delta-3-Carene) is a bicyclic monoterpene in essential oils extracted from pine trees. 3-Carene have potent pharmacological effects on COX-2 overexpression and LPS-induced migration of Raw264.7 macrophages. 3‐carene is shown to significantly stimulate the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early phase marker of osteoblastic differentiation.	Phytomedicine, 2021, 91:153707
S2349	Rutaecarpine	Rutaecarpine (Rutecarpine) is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs; a new class of COX-2 inhibitor.	Theranostics, 2020, 10(8):3366-3381
S4526	Fenbufen	Fenbufen (Lederfen, CL-82204) is an orally active phenylalkanoic derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	Gastroenterology, 2019, 10.1053/j
S9502	Madecassic acid	Madecassic acid (Brahmic acid), a natural triterpene first isolated from C. asiatica, has diverse anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, blocking NF-κB activation in macrophages and causing by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 inhibition.	Drug Des Devel Ther, 2022, 16:3793-3804
S9149	Benzoylpaeoniflorin	Benzoylpaeoniflorin, a natural product isolated from Chinese paeony root, could inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro.	Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(21)13130
F0327^New	COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 Rabbit mAb	Cox2,Cox-2,COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2	J Hazard Mater, 2021, 410:124566 Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):11168
S1761	Suprofen	Suprofen(TN-762) is a dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic.
F0984	Cyclooxygenase 1 Rabbit mAb	Cox1,COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1
S1518	Ibuprofen Lysine	Ibuprofen Lysine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
S2047	Lornoxicam	Lornoxicam (Chlortenoxicam) is a non-steroidal COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat pain, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
S2531	Asaraldehyde	Asaraldehyde (Asaronaldehyde) is a natural COX-2 inhibitor, exhibiting 17-fold selectivity over COX-1.
S3008	Zaltoprofen	Zaltoprofen(CN100,Soleton) is an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 for treatment of arthritis.
S2602	Acemetacin	Acemetacin (K-708,TVX 1322) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a glycolic acid ester of indometacin that is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
S4149	Amfenac Sodium Monohydrate	Amfenac Sodium monohydrate is a non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drug with acetic acid moiety. The IC50 values for COX1 and COX2 is 250 nM and 150 nM, respectively.
S4248	Bromfenac Sodium	Bromfenac Sodium (AHR 10282R,Bromsite,Bromday,Prolensa,Xibrom) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which has anti-inflammatory activity and may block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2.
S4051	Nabumetone	Nabumetone (BRL-14777) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and its active metabolite inhibits the COX.
S3173	Antipyrine	Antipyrine (Phenazone,Phenazon) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent; selective COX-3 inhibitor.
S4011	Ampiroxicam	Ampiroxicam (CP 65703) is a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor uesd as anti-inflammatory drug.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805
S5192	S-(+)-Ketoprofen	S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Compound 1, Actron, (S)-Ketoprofen, Dexketoprofen) is a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) with IC50 of 1.9 nM and 27 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
S9208	Ginsenoside Rb3	Ginsenoside Rb3, extracted from the plant Panax ginseng, plays important roles in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ginsenoside Rb3 (0.1-10 μM) is tested for inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) luciferase reporter activity using a human kidney 293T cell-based assay. Ginsenoside Rb3 shows the significant activity with an IC50 of 8.2 μM. Ginsenoside Rb3 also inhibits the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in a dose-dependent manner after HepG2 cells have been treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL).	Chin Med, 2024, 19(1):70
S0931	Jaceosidin	Jaceosidin, a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia vestita, possesses anti-tumor and anti-proliferative activities in many cancer cells. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis, activates Bax and down-regulates Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression. Jaceosidin inhibits COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation.
E1949	DuP-697	DuP-697 is a potent, irreversible, selective, and orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 10 nM for human COX-2, respectively. DuP-697 exerts antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and apoptotic effects in colorectal cancer cells.
S5418	Parecoxib Sodium	Parecoxib Sodium (SC-69124) is a water-soluble, injectable sodium salt form of parecoxib, which is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2).
S3969	Veratric acid	Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid), a simple benzoic acid derived from plants and fruits, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
P1241^New	Bromelain	Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple that is composed of 95%-mixture of proteases, acting as an inhibitor of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Cox-2. It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti-cancer functions.
S9236	α-Cyperone	α-Cyperone (alpha-cyperone), a major active compound of Cyperus rotundus, exhibits biological activities, such as antivirulence, antigenotoxic, and antibacterial activities. α-Cyperone (alpha-cyperone) is associated with the down-regulation of COX-2, IL-6, Nck-2, Cdc42 and Rac1.
S3816	Dehydroevodiamine	Dehydroevodiamine (DHED), a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa, has various biological effects such as hypotensive, negative chronotropic, ion channel depressant, inhibition of nitric oxide production and cerebral blood flow enhancing activities. Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells.
E0500	Firocoxib (ML 1785713)	Firocoxib (ML 1785713) is a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In vitro firocoxib inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 with an IC50 of 7.5 mM and 0.13 mM respectively in feline blood.
S0821	Pamicogrel	Pamicogrel (KBT3022) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) with platelet anti-aggregatory properties.
S4032	Bismuth Subsalicylate	Bismuth Subsalicylate is the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol and inhibits prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1/2.
S0759	FPL 62064	FPL 62064 is a potent dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase, COX) with IC50 of 3.5 μM and 3.1 μM for RBL-1 cytosolic 5-lipoxygenase and seminal vesicle prostaglandin synthetase, respectively. FPL 62064 has potent anti-inflammatory activity.
S0761	Desmethyl Celecoxib	Desmethyl Celecoxib (compound 3b), an analog of Celecoxib with the optimal yield of 75%, is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with anti-inflammatory activities.
S0762	SC 236	SC-236 is a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 10 nM and approximately 18,000-fold COX-2 selectivity.	Immunity, 2025, S1074-7613(25)00069-X
S0766	RHC 80267	RHC 80267 (U-57908) is a potent and selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL, DAG lipase) with IC50 of 4 μM for cholinesterase activity. RHC 80267 inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, phospholipase C (PLC) activity and the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC).
S4435	Metamizole sodium hydrate	Metamizole (Dipyrone) sodium hydrate is a potent inhitior of cyclooxygenase (COX) with strong analgesic as well as antipyretic and spasmolytic properties.
S3063	Diclofenac Diethylamine	Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions. Diclofenac exerts its action via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with relative equipotency.
S6615	ATB 346	ATB 346, a novel hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of naproxen with remarkably reduced toxicity, inhibits COX activity. ATB 346 is an anti-inflammatory agent that induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells.
E4987^New	(S)-Flurbiprofen	(S)-Flurbiprofen (Esflurbiprofen), an active enantiomer of Flurbiprofen, acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 0.48 μM, respectively. It also helps in the significant reduction of the inflammatory mediator-induced CGRP release.
S4609	Diflunisal	Diflunisal (Dolobid, Dolobis, Flovacil, Fluniget,MK-647) is a difluorophenyl derivate of salicylic acid and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor.
E6027^New	Ibuprofen sodium	Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen sodium) sodium is an orally active, selective inhibitor of COX-1 with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen formulated as a sodium salt is absorbed twice as quickly as from its standard ibuprofen acid.
E4807	Dexketoprofen trometamol	Dexketoprofen trometamol (Dexketoprofen tromethamine salt) is an orally active non-selective inhibitor of COX. Dexketoprofen trometamol exhibits analgesic efficacy and can be used in treating acute pain.
S4176	Trometamol	Trometamol(Tromethamine) is a proton acceptor used to treat acidemia.
S5520	Phenidone	Phenidone (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone), a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), is an organic compound that is primarily used as a photographic developer.
E0789	SC-58125	SC-58125 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cyclooxygenase 2 (hCOX-2) and triple mutant of hCOX-2, with an IC50 of 0.04 μM and 1 µM, respectively.
S9029	Prim-o-glucosylcimifugin	Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (Cimifugin beta-D-glucopyranoside, Cimifugin 7-glucoside) is a major constituent in Radix Saposhnikovia that has been long used for the treatment of pyrexia, rheumatism, and cancer in traditional Chinese medicine. It shows potential anticancer activity. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin downregulates the mRNA and protein expression inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.
S5786	Bromfenac sodium hydrate	Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromsite, Bromday, Prolensa, Xibrom), a brominated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with strong in vitro anti-inflammatory potency, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX with IC50 of 5.56 nM and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
S5019	Indobufen	Indobufen (Ibustrin, K 3920) is a reversible platelet aggregation inhibitor. Indobufen is a reversible inhibitor of platelet cyclooxygenase (Cox) activity and suppresses thromboxane synthesis.
S9386	Polygalacic acid	Polygalacic acid is the triterpenoid tetrahydroxyacid isolated from Polygala paenea L.. Polygalacic acid (0-100 μM; 24 hours) significantly decreases the mRNAexpressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 and COX-2, which are significantly increased by IL-1β, in a dose-dependent manner.
E3594	Radix tetrastigme Extract	Radix Tetrastigme Extract is extracted from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, which can modulate TLR4/COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
S2595	FK-3311	FK-3311 (COX-2 Inhibitor V) is a selective, cell-permeable and orally available inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with antiinflammatory. FK-3311 has protective effects against hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury by marked inhibition of TxA2.
S6850	NE 52-QQ57	NE 52-QQ57 is a selective, and orally available antagonist of G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) with IC50 of 0.07 μM. NE 52-QQ57 effectively blocks GPR4-mediated cAMP accumulation with IC50 of 26.8 nM in HEK293 cells. The antagonism of GPR4 with NE 52-QQ57 significantly inhibits the AGE-induced increased expression of several key inflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).	Exp Hematol Oncol, 2024, 13(1):13
S4686	Vitamin E	Vitamin E (D-alpha-Tocopherol) is a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. It is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor dormancy through suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription.	Elife, 2025, 13RP94169 Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):109 Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):109
E2274	Hexahydrocurcumin	Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor, which has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
S6073	Diclofenac acid	Diclofenac acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, and has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of acute and chronic pain and inflammatory conditions. It inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with relative equipotency.
S4765	Syringaldehyde	Syringaldehyde (Syringic aldehyde) is an organic compound that occurs naturally in trace amounts. It possesses worthy bioactive properties and is, therefore, used in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles, pulp and paper industries, and even in biological control applications. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
E4889^New	Glafenine	Glafenine (Glafenin) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is a non-narcotic analgesic agent that not only acts as a proteostasis modulator but is also one of the most potent NSAID correctors of F508del-CFTR. It exhibits COX-2 inhibition in the arachidonic acid pathway and rescues class 2 CFTR mutants.
S4230	Oxaprozin	Oxaprozin (WY-21743,nsc 310839) is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve the inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
S2272	Indoprofen	Indoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Indoprofen prevents muscle wasting in aged mice through activation of PDK1/AKT pathway.Indoprofen selectively increases SMN2-luciferase reporter protein and endogenous SMN protein.
S4360	Tolmetin Sodium	Tolmetin(MCN2559) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the arylalkanoic acids. Tolmetin sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, and acts as a non-selective COX inhibitor.
S3899	Hederagenin	Hederagenin (Caulosapogenin, Hederagenol, Hederagenic acid, Astrantiagenin E) is a highly water insoluble triterpenoid compound that can be found in various plants including Hedera helix and Chenopodium quinoa. It exhibits a variety of biological activities, including potent antitumor properties both in vitro and in vivo. Hederagenin inhibits LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB.
S5551	6-Paradol	6-Paradol is a minor constituent of ginger, mainly formed from 6-gingerol via 6-shogaol, and exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities. Paradol is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.
S4539	Salicylic acid	Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants which is an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis and cyclooxygenase activity.Salicylic acid can be used to induce animal models of Gastric and Intestinal Ulcers.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805 Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(14)7631
S6457	Flurbiprofen Axetil	Flurbiprofen Axetil is one of the commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that nonselectively inhibits cyclooxygenase.
S6685	Mavacoxib	Mavacoxib (Trocoxil) is a selective, long-acting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Mavacoxib is a novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
S4509	4-Aminoantipyrine	4-Aminoantipyrine(Ampyrone) is a metabolite of aminopyrine with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols.
S3261	Myrislignan	Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Myrislignan significantly inhibits the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependently in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Myrislignan inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway activation.	Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2023, 2023:7098313
S3872	Guaiacol	Guaiacol (O-methoxyphenol, 2-hydroxyanisole, O-methylcatechol) is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. It is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenoland vanillin. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound isolated from Guaiac resin, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
S5309	Propyphenazone (4-Isopropylantipyrine)	Propyphenazone(4-Isopropylantipyrine, Isopropyrine), an analgesic and antipyretic agent, is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity.
E0226	Chebulagic acid	Chebulagic acid, isolated form Terminalia chebula Retz, is a reversible and non-competitive inhibitor of maltase with a Ki value of 6.6 μM. Chebulagic acid shows potent anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Chebulagic acid also shows potent COX–LOX dual inhibition activity with IC50 values of 15 μM, 0.92 μM and 2.1 μM for COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX respectively.
S3304	Stylopine	Stylopine ((R,S)-Stylopine, Tetrahydrocoptisine) reduces nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and the IL-6 production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity caused by the LPS stimulation. Stylopine is a major component of the leaf of Chelidonium majus L.
S2108	Flunixin Meglumin	Flunixin Meglumin(Banamine) is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) used as analgesic agent with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity.
S6780	TFAP	TFAP (N-(5-Aminopyridin-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide) is a selective and cell-permeable cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 μM.
S3255	Pectolinarigenin	Pectolinarigenin, an active anti-inflammatory ingredient in Cirsium chanroenicum, is a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX).
S5711	Deracoxib	Deracoxib (SC-046) is a COX-2 inhibitor with >48-fold selectivity over COX-1. It also exhibits inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase (Ki = 3.6 μM against human PDE4D3).
S3283	Marmesin	Marmesin (S-(+)-Marmesin, (+)-Marmesin, (S)-Marmesin) is a natural coumarin with COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitory activity.
S1261	Celecoxib	Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 40 nM in Sf9 cells.	Commun Biol, 2025, 8(1):28 Mol Med, 2025, 31(1):1 J Biol Chem, 2025, 301(2):108195
S1396	Resveratrol	Resveratrol has a wide spectrum of targets including cyclooxygenases(i.e. COX, IC50=1.1 μM), lipooxygenases（LOX, IC50=2.7 μM）, kinases, sirtuins and other proteins. It has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular effects. Resveratrol induces mitophagy/autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis.	Front Immunol, 2025, 16:1515605 Int J Mol Sci, 2025, 26(2)851 Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2024, 723:150186
S1204	Melatonin	Melatonin is a MT receptor agonist, used as a dietary supplement. Melatonin is a selective ATF-6 inhibitor and downregulates COX-2. Melatonin enhances mitophagy and regulates the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy.	Antioxidants (Basel), 2025, 14(5)528 Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1):8451 Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2025, 760:151706
S4028	Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate	Dexamethasone (Dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt) is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs, and an interleukin receptor modulator that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2025, 122(12):e2426107122 Cancer Cell, 2024, 42(9):1507-1527.e11 Phytomedicine, 2024, 136:156283
S3017	Aspirin	Aspirin is a salicylate, and irreversible COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. Aspirin induces autophagy and stimulates mitophagy.	J Biol Chem, 2025, 301(2):108195 iScience, 2024, 27(10):110862 Cell Death Discov, 2023, 10.1038/s41420-023-01664-y
S1576	Sulfasalazine	Sulfasalazine is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. Sulfasalazine induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy.	Med Oncol, 2024, 41(8):188 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023, 10(20):e2300517 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022, 119(36):e2117396119
S1723	Indomethacin	Indomethacin is a nonselective COX1 and COX2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively, used to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling.	Nature, 2024, 10.1038/s41586-024-08257-4 Cell Rep Med, 2024, 5(12):101849 Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(18)10162
S8433	NS-398 (NS398)	NS-398 (N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methane sulfonamide) is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The IC50 values for human recombinant COX-1 and -2 are 75 and 1.77 μM, respectively.	Elife, 2023, 12e82970 Elife, 2023, 12e82970 PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2022, 16(4):e0010402
S2007	Sulindac	Sulindac(MK-231) is a non-steroidal COX inhibitor, which potently inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, used in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions.	iScience, 2024, 27(10):110862 Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5351 Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5351
S2903	Lumiracoxib	Lumiracoxib (COX-189) is a novel, selective COX-2 inhibitor with K_i of 0.06 μM. It also inhibits COX1 with K_i of 3 μM.	Int J Biol Macromol, 2021, 187:603-613 Cells, 2020, 9(9)E2005 J Am Heart Assoc, 2020, 9(1):e013470
S2410	Paeoniflorin (NSC 178886)	Paeoniflorin (NSC 178886,Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall. Paeoniflorin reduces COX-2 expression. Paeoniflorin alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HIF-1α through mTOR-dependent pathway.	World J Emerg Med, 2024, 15(3):206-213 Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 2023, 10.1002/kjm2.12736 J Pers Med, 2022, 12(2)258
S7889	Xanthohumol	Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hop, inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects. Xanthohumol inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and DGAT2 with both IC50 of 40 μM. Xanthohumol is also a potent antiviral agent against a series of DNA and RNA viruses. Xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase 1.	J Cell Sci, 2024, 137(20)jcs262162 Antiviral Res, 2022, 207:105416 Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2022, 2022:9523491
S1638	Ibuprofen (NSC 256857)	Ibuprofen (NSC 256857, Dolgesic) is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.	Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1):3326 Front Behav Neurosci, 2023, 17:1189489 Front Behav Neurosci, 2023, 17:1189489
S3023	Bufexamac	Bufexamac(Bufexamic acid) is a COX inhibitor for IFN-α release with EC50 of 8.9 μM.	Biomedicines, 2024, 12(6)1203 Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(9)4559 Reprod Sci, 2021, 10.1007/s43032-021-00533-2
S1734	Meloxicam	Meloxicam is a selective COX inhibitor, used to relieve pain and fever effects.	Cell Biosci, 2023, 13(1):76 J Oncol, 2022, 2022:4598573 PLoS One, 2020, 13;15(3):e0230272
S1903	Diclofenac Sodium	Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 0.5 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml for COX-1 and -2 in intact cells, respectively, used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to relieve pain and reduce swelling in flammation.	Cancer Cell, 2025, 43(4):776-796.e14 Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018:3692752 Arch Toxicol, 2018, 92(6):1953-1967
S4295	Meclofenamate Sodium	Meclofenamate Sodium(CI 583) is a dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 40 nM and 50 nM, respectively, used in the treatment of joint, muscular pain, arthritis and dysmenorrhea. Meclofenamate Sodium is a non-selective gap-junction blocker and a highly selective inhibitor of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) enzyme inhibitor.	Biomaterials, 2025, 319:123168 Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023, e2307206. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(2)1624
S1960	Pranoprofen	Pranoprofen (Pyranoprofen,Pranopulin) is a non-steroidal COX inhibitor, used as an anti-inflammatory drug in ophthalmology.	FEBS J, 2022, 10.1111/febs.16609 Front Immunol, 2020, 11:534099 Mol Med Rep, 2017, 15(6):4305-4311
S1959	Tolfenamic Acid	Tolfenamic Acid(Clotam) is a COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.2 μM.	Front Microbiol, 2020, 10:2936 Hum Mol Genet, 2020, ddaa244 Oncotarget, 2017, 8(57):96865-96884
S4049	Valdecoxib	Valdecoxib is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2 with IC50 of 5 nM.	Cancer Cell, 2022, S1535-6108(21)00662-0 Cell Rep, 2022, 38(10):110490 Biochem Bioph Res Co, 2015, 460(2):198-204
S2040	Nimesulide	Nimesulide is a relatively COX-2 selective inhibitor with IC50 of 26 μM.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805 Front Microbiol, 2020, 10:2936 Elife, 2016, 5e14653
S9190	Oroxin B	Oroxin B (Hypocretin-2), one of flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent, selectively induces tumor-suppressive ER stress in malignant lymphoma cells and has antioxidant activity. Oroxin B significantly inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be strongly associated with the inhibiting COX-2/VEGF and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SMMC-7721 cells, Oroxin B potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent for liver cancer.COX-2, VEGF, PI3K, and p-AKT expression levels are downregulated, while PTEN is upregulated after Oroxin B treatment.	Environ Pollut, 2023, 323:121306 Theranostics, 2022, 12(2):910-928 J Cancer, 2021, 12(7):2140-2150
S3931	Ginsenoside Rd	Ginsenoside Rd (Panaxoside Rd, Sanchinoside Rd), a minor ginseng saponin, has several pharmacological activities such as immunosuppressive activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunological adjuvant, anti-cancer activity and wound-healing activity. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 12.05±0.82 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits Ca2+ influx. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, with IC50s of 58.0±4.5 μM, 78.4±5.3 μM, 81.7±2.6 μM, and 85.1±9.1 μM, respectively.	Drug Des Devel Ther, 2022, 16:2767-2782 J Ginseng Res, 2022, 46(5):700-709 J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, S0378-8741(21)00169-0
S5010	Indometacin Sodium	Indometacin Sodium (Indomethacin Sodium) is the sodium salt of indomethacin, which is a non-selective, reversible, and competitive inhibitor of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 with anti-inflammatory, analgesic-antipyretic and tocolytic effects.	J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 40(1):344 Mol Cell, 2020, 80(3):525-540.e9 Mol Cancer Ther, 2020, 19;molcanther00152020
S3925	(-)-Epicatechin gallate	(-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with IC50 of 7.5 μM.	Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(2):205 PLoS One, 2018, 13(10):e0205123 J Fish Dis, 2018, 10.1111/jfd.12819
S1328	Etodolac	Etodolac(AY-24236) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a COX inhibitor, used for the treatment of inflammation and pain.	J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1):86 Genome Med, 2021, 13(1):168
S1645	Ketoprofen	Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a dual COX1/2 inhibitor, used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to treat arthritis-related inflammatory pains.	Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2022, 7(1):46 J Nucl Med, 2020, jnumed.120.249367
S1646	Ketorolac	Ketorolac is a non-selective COX inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 1.23 μM and 3.50 μM, respectively.	Cancer Res, 2024, Life Sci, 2020, 15;251:117604 J Virol, 2020, 6;94(2):e01679-19
S1626	Naproxen Sodium	Naproxen Sodium (RS-3650) is a COX inhibitor for COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 8.7 μM and 5.2 μM, respectively.	Adv Ther (Weinh), 2020, 2000034 Drug Metab Dispos, 2020, 48(8):613-621
S5177	Naproxen	Naproxen is an anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is a nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2.	Drug Metab Dispos, 2020, 48(8):613-621 Biogerontology, 2016, 17(5-6):907-920
S4078	Mefenamic Acid	Mefenamic Acid (CI 473, CN-35355) is a competitive inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805 Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2022, 10.1152/ajprenal.00568.2020 Brain Res, 2020, 20;1740:146846
S2351	Salicin	Salicin (Salicoside, Salicine) is a phenol β-glycosid produced from willow bark that shows anti-inflammatory effects. It is a natural, non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor.	Transl Oncol, 2023, 35:101712 Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019, 508(3):682-689
S6686	SC-560	SC-560 is a highly selective COX-1 inhibitor with IC50 of 9 nM, compared with the IC50 of 6.3 μM for COX-2, nearly 1,000-fold higher than with COX-1.	Front Mol Biosci, 2023, 10:1116398 Front Mol Biosci, 2023, 10:1116398 Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14(17)4134
S1255	Nepafenac	Nepafenac (AHR 9434, AL 6515) is a prodrug of amfenac that acts as an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery.	Adv Sci (Weinh), 2020, 7(21):2001018
S3043	Rofecoxib	Rofecoxib (MK-0966) is a COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 18 nM.	Cancer Res, 2024, J Neuroinflammation, 2024, 21(1):37 Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2015, 285(1):51-60
S1713	Piroxicam	Piroxicam (CP 16171) is a non-selective COX inhibitor, used in the treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.	Cell Biosci, 2023, 13(1):76
S2577	Phenacetin	Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic without anti-inflammatory properties.	Drug Metab Dispos, 2025, 53(4):100049 Cell Stem Cell, 2023, S1934-5909(23)00084-X Cell Stem Cell, 2023, 30(5):617-631.e8
S3018	Niflumic acid	Niflumic acid(Nifluril) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 used for joint and muscular pain.	Oncol Lett, 2020, 20(4):39
S2121	Licofelone (ML3000)	Licofelone (ML3000, Compound 3e) is a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with IC50 of 0.21 μM and 0.18 μM, respectively. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Licofelone is considered as a treatment for osteoarthritis.	Hum Mol Genet, 2020, ddaa244
S3200	Triflusal	Triflusal (UR1501) irreversibly inhibits the production of thromboxane-B2 in platelets by acetylating cycloxygenase-1.	J Am Heart Assoc, 2020, 9(1):e013470
S5698	Ketorolac tromethamine salt	Ketorolac tromethamine is a synthetic pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 20 nM for both COX-1 and COX-2.	Front Immunol, 2021, 12:616402
S4628	(+/-)-Sulfinpyrazone	Sulfinpyrazone (G-28315, NSC 75925) is one of the most studied platelet COX inhibitors, also a uricosuric agent that competitively inhibits uric acid reabsorption in kidney proximal tubules.	Cell Chem Biol, 2021, S2451-9456(21)00442-6
S4136	Carprofen	Carprofen inhibits canine COX2 with IC50 of 30 nM.	J Neuroendocrinol, 2022, e13195.
S3168	cis-Resveratrol	cis-Resveratrol (cis-RESV, cRes, (Z)-Resveratrol) is the Cis isomer of Resveratrol. Resveratrol is a natural phenolic compound with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol is an inhibitor of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and an activator of Nrf2 and SIRT1 and may induce apoptosis. Resveratrol also inhibits a wide spectrum of targets including 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), IKKβ, DNA polymerases α and δ with IC50 of 2.7 μM, <1 μM, 1 μM, 3.3 μM and 5 μM, respectively.	J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2022, 77-8:1485-1493
S5640	Ethyl caffeate	Ethyl caffeate, a naturally occurring compound found in Bidens pilosa, suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in vitro.	Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(12)9997
S3974	(+)-Catechin hydrate	(+)-Catechin hydrate is a plant derived polyphenolic anti-oxidants with phytotoxic properties. (+)-Catechin hydrate is a frequent component of traditional herbal remedies, such as Uncaria rhynchophylla. (+)-Catechin hydrate inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.	J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2021, 211:105906
S4656	Parecoxib	Parecoxib (SC-69124, Valus-P, Vorth-P) is a selective COX2 inhibitor.	Theranostics, 2020, 10(8):3366-3381
S4651	Etoricoxib	Etoricoxib (Arcoxia, MK-663, MK-0663, Tauxib, Algix, Nucoxia) is a new COX-2 selective inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and potential antineoplastic properties.	Nature, 2024, 10.1038/s41586-024-08257-4 Virol Sin, 2019, 34(6):648-661
S2995	4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid	4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA), an abundant colon metabolite of polyphenols, is a potent scavenger that suppresses levels of free radicals and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and contributes to reduced risk of colon cancer development.	Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023, 10(6):e2204006
S5595	3-Carene	3-Carene (Carene, Delta-3-Carene) is a bicyclic monoterpene in essential oils extracted from pine trees. 3-Carene have potent pharmacological effects on COX-2 overexpression and LPS-induced migration of Raw264.7 macrophages. 3‐carene is shown to significantly stimulate the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early phase marker of osteoblastic differentiation.	Phytomedicine, 2021, 91:153707
S2349	Rutaecarpine	Rutaecarpine (Rutecarpine) is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs; a new class of COX-2 inhibitor.	Theranostics, 2020, 10(8):3366-3381
S4526	Fenbufen	Fenbufen (Lederfen, CL-82204) is an orally active phenylalkanoic derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	Gastroenterology, 2019, 10.1053/j
S9502	Madecassic acid	Madecassic acid (Brahmic acid), a natural triterpene first isolated from C. asiatica, has diverse anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, blocking NF-κB activation in macrophages and causing by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 inhibition.	Drug Des Devel Ther, 2022, 16:3793-3804
S9149	Benzoylpaeoniflorin	Benzoylpaeoniflorin, a natural product isolated from Chinese paeony root, could inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro.	Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(21)13130
S1761	Suprofen	Suprofen(TN-762) is a dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic.
S1518	Ibuprofen Lysine	Ibuprofen Lysine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
S2047	Lornoxicam	Lornoxicam (Chlortenoxicam) is a non-steroidal COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat pain, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
S2531	Asaraldehyde	Asaraldehyde (Asaronaldehyde) is a natural COX-2 inhibitor, exhibiting 17-fold selectivity over COX-1.
S3008	Zaltoprofen	Zaltoprofen(CN100,Soleton) is an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 for treatment of arthritis.
S2602	Acemetacin	Acemetacin (K-708,TVX 1322) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a glycolic acid ester of indometacin that is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
S4149	Amfenac Sodium Monohydrate	Amfenac Sodium monohydrate is a non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drug with acetic acid moiety. The IC50 values for COX1 and COX2 is 250 nM and 150 nM, respectively.
S4248	Bromfenac Sodium	Bromfenac Sodium (AHR 10282R,Bromsite,Bromday,Prolensa,Xibrom) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which has anti-inflammatory activity and may block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2.
S4051	Nabumetone	Nabumetone (BRL-14777) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and its active metabolite inhibits the COX.
S3173	Antipyrine	Antipyrine (Phenazone,Phenazon) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent; selective COX-3 inhibitor.
S4011	Ampiroxicam	Ampiroxicam (CP 65703) is a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor uesd as anti-inflammatory drug.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805
S5192	S-(+)-Ketoprofen	S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Compound 1, Actron, (S)-Ketoprofen, Dexketoprofen) is a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) with IC50 of 1.9 nM and 27 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
S9208	Ginsenoside Rb3	Ginsenoside Rb3, extracted from the plant Panax ginseng, plays important roles in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ginsenoside Rb3 (0.1-10 μM) is tested for inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) luciferase reporter activity using a human kidney 293T cell-based assay. Ginsenoside Rb3 shows the significant activity with an IC50 of 8.2 μM. Ginsenoside Rb3 also inhibits the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in a dose-dependent manner after HepG2 cells have been treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL).	Chin Med, 2024, 19(1):70
S0931	Jaceosidin	Jaceosidin, a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia vestita, possesses anti-tumor and anti-proliferative activities in many cancer cells. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis, activates Bax and down-regulates Mcl-1 and c-FLIP expression. Jaceosidin inhibits COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation.
E1949	DuP-697	DuP-697 is a potent, irreversible, selective, and orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 10 nM for human COX-2, respectively. DuP-697 exerts antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and apoptotic effects in colorectal cancer cells.
S5418	Parecoxib Sodium	Parecoxib Sodium (SC-69124) is a water-soluble, injectable sodium salt form of parecoxib, which is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2).
S3969	Veratric acid	Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid), a simple benzoic acid derived from plants and fruits, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
P1241^New	Bromelain	Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple that is composed of 95%-mixture of proteases, acting as an inhibitor of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Cox-2. It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti-cancer functions.
S9236	α-Cyperone	α-Cyperone (alpha-cyperone), a major active compound of Cyperus rotundus, exhibits biological activities, such as antivirulence, antigenotoxic, and antibacterial activities. α-Cyperone (alpha-cyperone) is associated with the down-regulation of COX-2, IL-6, Nck-2, Cdc42 and Rac1.
S3816	Dehydroevodiamine	Dehydroevodiamine (DHED), a constituent of Evodia rutaecarpa, has various biological effects such as hypotensive, negative chronotropic, ion channel depressant, inhibition of nitric oxide production and cerebral blood flow enhancing activities. Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells.
E0500	Firocoxib (ML 1785713)	Firocoxib (ML 1785713) is a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In vitro firocoxib inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 with an IC50 of 7.5 mM and 0.13 mM respectively in feline blood.
S0821	Pamicogrel	Pamicogrel (KBT3022) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) with platelet anti-aggregatory properties.
S4032	Bismuth Subsalicylate	Bismuth Subsalicylate is the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol and inhibits prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1/2.
S0759	FPL 62064	FPL 62064 is a potent dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase, COX) with IC50 of 3.5 μM and 3.1 μM for RBL-1 cytosolic 5-lipoxygenase and seminal vesicle prostaglandin synthetase, respectively. FPL 62064 has potent anti-inflammatory activity.
S0761	Desmethyl Celecoxib	Desmethyl Celecoxib (compound 3b), an analog of Celecoxib with the optimal yield of 75%, is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with anti-inflammatory activities.
S0762	SC 236	SC-236 is a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 10 nM and approximately 18,000-fold COX-2 selectivity.	Immunity, 2025, S1074-7613(25)00069-X
S0766	RHC 80267	RHC 80267 (U-57908) is a potent and selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL, DAG lipase) with IC50 of 4 μM for cholinesterase activity. RHC 80267 inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, phospholipase C (PLC) activity and the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC).
S4435	Metamizole sodium hydrate	Metamizole (Dipyrone) sodium hydrate is a potent inhitior of cyclooxygenase (COX) with strong analgesic as well as antipyretic and spasmolytic properties.
S3063	Diclofenac Diethylamine	Diclofenac diethylamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions. Diclofenac exerts its action via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with relative equipotency.
S6615	ATB 346	ATB 346, a novel hydrogen sulphide-releasing derivative of naproxen with remarkably reduced toxicity, inhibits COX activity. ATB 346 is an anti-inflammatory agent that induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells.
E4987^New	(S)-Flurbiprofen	(S)-Flurbiprofen (Esflurbiprofen), an active enantiomer of Flurbiprofen, acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 0.48 μM, respectively. It also helps in the significant reduction of the inflammatory mediator-induced CGRP release.
S4609	Diflunisal	Diflunisal (Dolobid, Dolobis, Flovacil, Fluniget,MK-647) is a difluorophenyl derivate of salicylic acid and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor.
E6027^New	Ibuprofen sodium	Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen sodium) sodium is an orally active, selective inhibitor of COX-1 with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen formulated as a sodium salt is absorbed twice as quickly as from its standard ibuprofen acid.
E4807	Dexketoprofen trometamol	Dexketoprofen trometamol (Dexketoprofen tromethamine salt) is an orally active non-selective inhibitor of COX. Dexketoprofen trometamol exhibits analgesic efficacy and can be used in treating acute pain.
S4176	Trometamol	Trometamol(Tromethamine) is a proton acceptor used to treat acidemia.
S5520	Phenidone	Phenidone (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone), a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), is an organic compound that is primarily used as a photographic developer.
E0789	SC-58125	SC-58125 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cyclooxygenase 2 (hCOX-2) and triple mutant of hCOX-2, with an IC50 of 0.04 μM and 1 µM, respectively.
S9029	Prim-o-glucosylcimifugin	Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (Cimifugin beta-D-glucopyranoside, Cimifugin 7-glucoside) is a major constituent in Radix Saposhnikovia that has been long used for the treatment of pyrexia, rheumatism, and cancer in traditional Chinese medicine. It shows potential anticancer activity. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin downregulates the mRNA and protein expression inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.
S5786	Bromfenac sodium hydrate	Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromsite, Bromday, Prolensa, Xibrom), a brominated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with strong in vitro anti-inflammatory potency, is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX with IC50 of 5.56 nM and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
S5019	Indobufen	Indobufen (Ibustrin, K 3920) is a reversible platelet aggregation inhibitor. Indobufen is a reversible inhibitor of platelet cyclooxygenase (Cox) activity and suppresses thromboxane synthesis.
S9386	Polygalacic acid	Polygalacic acid is the triterpenoid tetrahydroxyacid isolated from Polygala paenea L.. Polygalacic acid (0-100 μM; 24 hours) significantly decreases the mRNAexpressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 and COX-2, which are significantly increased by IL-1β, in a dose-dependent manner.
S2595	FK-3311	FK-3311 (COX-2 Inhibitor V) is a selective, cell-permeable and orally available inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with antiinflammatory. FK-3311 has protective effects against hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury by marked inhibition of TxA2.
S6850	NE 52-QQ57	NE 52-QQ57 is a selective, and orally available antagonist of G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) with IC50 of 0.07 μM. NE 52-QQ57 effectively blocks GPR4-mediated cAMP accumulation with IC50 of 26.8 nM in HEK293 cells. The antagonism of GPR4 with NE 52-QQ57 significantly inhibits the AGE-induced increased expression of several key inflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).	Exp Hematol Oncol, 2024, 13(1):13
S4686	Vitamin E	Vitamin E (D-alpha-Tocopherol) is a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. It is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor dormancy through suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription.	Elife, 2025, 13RP94169 Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):109 Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):109
E2274	Hexahydrocurcumin	Hexahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin and a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor, which has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
S6073	Diclofenac acid	Diclofenac acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, and has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of acute and chronic pain and inflammatory conditions. It inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with relative equipotency.
S4765	Syringaldehyde	Syringaldehyde (Syringic aldehyde) is an organic compound that occurs naturally in trace amounts. It possesses worthy bioactive properties and is, therefore, used in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles, pulp and paper industries, and even in biological control applications. Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
E4889^New	Glafenine	Glafenine (Glafenin) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is a non-narcotic analgesic agent that not only acts as a proteostasis modulator but is also one of the most potent NSAID correctors of F508del-CFTR. It exhibits COX-2 inhibition in the arachidonic acid pathway and rescues class 2 CFTR mutants.
S4230	Oxaprozin	Oxaprozin (WY-21743,nsc 310839) is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve the inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
S2272	Indoprofen	Indoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Indoprofen prevents muscle wasting in aged mice through activation of PDK1/AKT pathway.Indoprofen selectively increases SMN2-luciferase reporter protein and endogenous SMN protein.
S4360	Tolmetin Sodium	Tolmetin(MCN2559) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the arylalkanoic acids. Tolmetin sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, and acts as a non-selective COX inhibitor.
S3899	Hederagenin	Hederagenin (Caulosapogenin, Hederagenol, Hederagenic acid, Astrantiagenin E) is a highly water insoluble triterpenoid compound that can be found in various plants including Hedera helix and Chenopodium quinoa. It exhibits a variety of biological activities, including potent antitumor properties both in vitro and in vivo. Hederagenin inhibits LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB.
S5551	6-Paradol	6-Paradol is a minor constituent of ginger, mainly formed from 6-gingerol via 6-shogaol, and exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities. Paradol is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.
S4539	Salicylic acid	Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants which is an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis and cyclooxygenase activity.Salicylic acid can be used to induce animal models of Gastric and Intestinal Ulcers.	J Immunother Cancer, 2024, 12(11)e009805 Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(14)7631
S6457	Flurbiprofen Axetil	Flurbiprofen Axetil is one of the commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that nonselectively inhibits cyclooxygenase.
S6685	Mavacoxib	Mavacoxib (Trocoxil) is a selective, long-acting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Mavacoxib is a novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
S4509	4-Aminoantipyrine	4-Aminoantipyrine(Ampyrone) is a metabolite of aminopyrine with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols.
S3261	Myrislignan	Myrislignan, a lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt, possesses anti-inflammatory activities. Myrislignan inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Myrislignan significantly inhibits the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dose-dependently in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Myrislignan inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway activation.	Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2023, 2023:7098313
S3872	Guaiacol	Guaiacol (O-methoxyphenol, 2-hydroxyanisole, O-methylcatechol) is a phenolic natural product first isolated from Guaiac resin and the oxidation of lignin. It is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenoland vanillin. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound isolated from Guaiac resin, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
S5309	Propyphenazone (4-Isopropylantipyrine)	Propyphenazone(4-Isopropylantipyrine, Isopropyrine), an analgesic and antipyretic agent, is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity.
E0226	Chebulagic acid	Chebulagic acid, isolated form Terminalia chebula Retz, is a reversible and non-competitive inhibitor of maltase with a Ki value of 6.6 μM. Chebulagic acid shows potent anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Chebulagic acid also shows potent COX–LOX dual inhibition activity with IC50 values of 15 μM, 0.92 μM and 2.1 μM for COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX respectively.
S3304	Stylopine	Stylopine ((R,S)-Stylopine, Tetrahydrocoptisine) reduces nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and the IL-6 production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity caused by the LPS stimulation. Stylopine is a major component of the leaf of Chelidonium majus L.
S2108	Flunixin Meglumin	Flunixin Meglumin(Banamine) is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) used as analgesic agent with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity.
S6780	TFAP	TFAP (N-(5-Aminopyridin-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide) is a selective and cell-permeable cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.8 μM.
S3255	Pectolinarigenin	Pectolinarigenin, an active anti-inflammatory ingredient in Cirsium chanroenicum, is a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX).
S5711	Deracoxib	Deracoxib (SC-046) is a COX-2 inhibitor with >48-fold selectivity over COX-1. It also exhibits inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase (Ki = 3.6 μM against human PDE4D3).
S3283	Marmesin	Marmesin (S-(+)-Marmesin, (+)-Marmesin, (S)-Marmesin) is a natural coumarin with COX-2 and 5-LOX dual inhibitory activity.
E3594	Radix tetrastigme Extract	Radix Tetrastigme Extract is extracted from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, which can modulate TLR4/COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
F0327^New	COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 Rabbit mAb	Cox2,Cox-2,COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2	J Hazard Mater, 2021, 410:124566 Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):11168
P1241^New	Bromelain	Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple that is composed of 95%-mixture of proteases, acting as an inhibitor of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Cox-2. It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti-cancer functions.
E4987^New	(S)-Flurbiprofen	(S)-Flurbiprofen (Esflurbiprofen), an active enantiomer of Flurbiprofen, acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) with an IC50 value of 0.48 μM, respectively. It also helps in the significant reduction of the inflammatory mediator-induced CGRP release.
E6027^New	Ibuprofen sodium	Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen sodium) sodium is an orally active, selective inhibitor of COX-1 with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen formulated as a sodium salt is absorbed twice as quickly as from its standard ibuprofen acid.
E4889^New	Glafenine	Glafenine (Glafenin) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is a non-narcotic analgesic agent that not only acts as a proteostasis modulator but is also one of the most potent NSAID correctors of F508del-CFTR. It exhibits COX-2 inhibition in the arachidonic acid pathway and rescues class 2 CFTR mutants.

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