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Valproic Acid sodium

Synonyms: Sodium valproate,NSC 93819,2-Propylpentanoic Acid

Catalog No.S1168 Purity:99.82%

Valproic Acid sodium is a HDAC inhibitor by selectively inducing proteasomal degradation of HDAC2, used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches. Valproic acid induces Notch1 signaling in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid is under investigation for treatment of HIV and various cancers. Valproic acid (VPA) induces autophagy and mitophagy by upregulation of BNIP3 and mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating PGC-1α.

Valproic Acid sodium Chemical Structure

CAS No. 1069-66-5

Purity & Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.82%

99.82

Valproic Acid sodium Related Products

Related Targets	HDAC1 HDAC2 HDAC3 HDAC4 HDAC5 HDAC6 HDAC7 HDAC8 HDAC9 HDAC10 HDAC11 HD1 HD2	Click to Expand
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Signaling Pathway

HDAC Signaling Pathway

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
HEK293	Function assay	1 mM		Increase in protein disulfide isomerase level in HEK293 cells at 1 mM by immunoblot	17566732
HEK293	Function assay	1 mM		Increase in GRP78 protein level in HEK293 cells at 1 mM by immunoblot	17566732
A549	Function assay	150 uM	24 hrs	Inhibition of human HDAC in A549 cells assessed as increase in histone-H4 acetylation at 150 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot	18294844
GM15850	Function assay	400 uM	12 hrs	Inhibition of HDAC in human GM15850 cells assessed as increase in total acetylated histone level at 400 uM after 12 hrs by Western blot analysis	16921367
PC12	Function assay	1 uM	24 hrs	Induction of autophagy in rat stable inducible PC12 cells expressing A53T alpha-synuclein assessed as A53T alpha-synuclein clearance at 1 uM after 24 hrs by densitometric analysis	18391949
PC12	Function assay	1 uM	96 hrs	Induction of autophagy in rat stable inducible PC12 cells expressing EGFP-HDQ74 assessed as soluble EGFP-HDQ74 clearance at 1 uM after 96 hrs by densitometric analysis	18391949
SK-N-MC	Function assay	1 mM	48 hrs	Induction of autophagy in human SK-N-MC cells expressing EGFP-HDQ74 assessed as reduction in EGFP-HDQ74 aggregation at 1 uM after 48 hrs by densitometric analysis	18391949
HL60	Function assay	1 mM	24 hrs	Inhibition of HDAC in human HL60 cells assessed as increase in histone H3 acetylation at 1 mM after 24 hrs by Western blotting method	25304896
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

HDAC ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

Autophagy ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

GABA receptor ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

notch1 ^[1]

In vitro
In vitro	Valproic acid acts through a distinct pathway that involves direct inhibition of histone deacetylase (IC(50) for HDAC1 = 0.4 mM). Valproic acid mimics the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, causing hyperacetylation of histones in cultured cells. Valproic acid, like trichostatin A, also activates transcription from diverse exogenous and endogenous promoters. Valproic acid and trichostatin A have remarkably similar teratogenic effects in vertebrate embryos, while non-teratogenic analogues of valproic acid do not inhibit histone deacetylase and do not activate transcription. ^[1] Valproic acid induces proliferation of peroxisomes in the rodent liver. Valproic acid at a concentration of 1 mM induces relief of this repression by Gal4 fusions of N‐CoR, TR or PPARδ in a cell line expressing the ligand‐binding domain of PPARδ fused to the DNA‐binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) together with a GR‐controlled reporter gene. Valproic acid induces accumulation of hyperacetylated histone and inhibits HDAC activity. Valproic acid induces a specific type of differentiation characterized by reduced proliferation, morphological alterations, marker gene expression and particularly the accumulation of the AP-2 transcription factor as a potential marker of neuronal or neural crest cell-like differentiation in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Valproic acid impairs cell proliferation or survival as indicated by decreased incorporation of [³H]thymidine in F9 and P19 teratocarcinoma cells. ^[2]
Cell Research	Cell lines	HeLa cells
	Concentrations	IC50 of 0.54, 2.8, and 2.4 mM for HDAC2, HDAC5, and HDAC6, respectively.
	Incubation Time	12 h
	Method	Cells were treated with various concentrations of drug for 12 h.
Experimental Result Images	Methods	Biomarkers	Images	PMID
	Western blot	Acetyl Histone H3 Active caspase-3 / PARP / Cleaved PARP acetyl-H4		28542253
	Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability		28498322

In Vivo
In vivo	Valproic acid delays growth of the primary tumors in the MT‐450 rat breast cancer model. ^[2]
Animal Research	Animal Models	MT-450 rat breast cancer model
	Dosages	1.25 mM/kg
	Administration	i.p.

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
NCT03919292	Recruiting	Solid Tumor Adult	Virginia Commonwealth University\|Puma Biotechnology Inc.	May 1 2019	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT03681158	Completed	Epilepsy	Sanofi	October 5 2018	Phase 1
NCT03112889	Completed	Glycogen Storage Disease Type V\|McArdle Disease	University College London	January 2015	Phase 2
NCT00139074	Terminated	Bipolar Disorder	AstraZeneca	July 2005	Phase 4

References
[1] Phiel CJ, et al. J Biol Chem, 2001, 276(39), 36734-36741. [2] Göttlicher M, et al. EMBO J, 2001, 20(24), 6969-6978.

References

Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight	166.19	Formula	C₈H₁₅NaO₂
CAS No.	1069-66-5	SDF	Download Valproic Acid sodium SDF
Smiles	CCCC(CCC)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder	Storage of Stock Solutions Aliquot the stock solutions to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles	1 year-80°Cin solvent
Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder		1 month-20°Cin solvent

In vitro
Batch:

Water : 100 mg/mL

DMSO : 33 mg/mL ( (198.56 mM) Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

Ethanol : 33 mg/mL

Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo Batch: Add solvents to the product individually and in order.				In vivo Formulation Calculator
Clear solution	saline	100.000mg/ml (601.72mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 mg of this product to 1 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCL solution), mix evenly to make it clear, The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	saline	33.000mg/ml (198.57mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 33 mg of this product to 1 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCL solution), mix evenly to make it clear, The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	saline	33.000mg/ml (198.57mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 33 mg of this product to 1 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCL solution), mix evenly to make it clear, The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	1.650mg/ml (9.93mM)
	5% DMSO 1 95% Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	1.650mg/ml (9.93mM)
Clear solution	saline	33.000mg/ml (198.57mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 33 mg of this product to 1 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCL solution), mix evenly to make it clear, The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	saline	33.000mg/ml (198.57mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 33 mg of this product to 1 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCL solution), mix evenly to make it clear, The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.

Preparing Stock Solutions

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
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Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg Average weight of animals: g Dosing volume per animal:μL Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO + % + % Tween 80 + % ddH₂O

%DMSO+ %

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

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