Valproic Acid (NSC 93819) sodium salt

For research use only.

Catalog No.S1168 Synonyms: Sodium valproate

24 publications

Valproic Acid (NSC 93819) sodium salt Chemical Structure

CAS No. 1069-66-5

Valproic Acid sodium salt (NSC 93819, Sodium valproate) is a HDAC inhibitor by selectively inducing proteasomal degradation of HDAC2, used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches. Valproic acid induces Notch1 signaling in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid is under investigation for treatment of HIV and various cancers. Valproic acid (VPA) induces autophagy and mitophagy by upregulation of BNIP3 and mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating PGC-1α.

Selleck's Valproic Acid (NSC 93819) sodium salt has been cited by 24 publications

Nat Biotechnol, 2015, 10.1038/nbt.3130

PubMed: 25751058 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci China Life Sci, 2021, 10.1007/s11427-020-1855-4

PubMed: 33420926 ( click the link to review the publication )

Reprod Sci, 2021, 10.1007/s43032-021-00533-2

PubMed: 33725312 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Med Rep, 2021, 23(1)9

PubMed: 33179097 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2020, 10(15):6790-6805

PubMed: 32550904 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Physiol, 2020, 10.1002/jcp.29443

PubMed: 31912905 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Pharmacol, 2020, 3;178:114067

PubMed: 32504550 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Signal, 2020, 68:109525

PubMed: 31911180 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, S2352-345X(20)30190-9

PubMed: 33238220 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cell Reports, 2019,

PubMed: 31231022 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Ther, 2019, 18(5):900-908

PubMed: 30824609 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Oncol, 2019, 9:579

PubMed: 31380285 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):1897

PubMed: 30760778 ( click the link to review the publication )

ACS Omega, 2019, 4(22):19895-19904

PubMed: 31788622 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2018, 78(20):5731-5740

PubMed: 30135193 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Biol Ther, 2018, 19(9):797-808

PubMed: 29923797 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Ther Med, 2018, 16(2):1417-1425

PubMed: 30116390 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Immunol, 2017, 7:696

PubMed: 28194150 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2016, 7:e2221

PubMed: 27171263 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Pathol, 2016, 186(10):2701-8

PubMed: 27555113 ( click the link to review the publication )

Future Virol, 2015, 10(4), 351–356

PubMed: ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Biol Ther, 2014, 15(5):578-85

PubMed: 24556916 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Biol Ther, 2014, 15(3):305-16

PubMed: 24351423 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Neurosci, 2013, 33(17):7535-47

PubMed: 23616558 ( click the link to review the publication )

Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective HDAC Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

HDAC ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

Autophagy ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

GABA receptor ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

In vitro

Valproic acid acts through a distinct pathway that involves direct inhibition of histone deacetylase (IC(50) for HDAC1 = 0.4 mM). Valproic acid mimics the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, causing hyperacetylation of histones in cultured cells. Valproic acid, like trichostatin A, also activates transcription from diverse exogenous and endogenous promoters. Valproic acid and trichostatin A have remarkably similar teratogenic effects in vertebrate embryos, while non-teratogenic analogues of valproic acid do not inhibit histone deacetylase and do not activate transcription. ^[1] Valproic acid induces proliferation of peroxisomes in the rodent liver. Valproic acid at a concentration of 1 mM induces relief of this repression by Gal4 fusions of N‐CoR, TR or PPARδ in a cell line expressing the ligand‐binding domain of PPARδ fused to the DNA‐binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) together with a GR‐controlled reporter gene. Valproic acid induces accumulation of hyperacetylated histone and inhibits HDAC activity. Valproic acid induces a specific type of differentiation characterized by reduced proliferation, morphological alterations, marker gene expression and particularly the accumulation of the AP-2 transcription factor as a potential marker of neuronal or neural crest cell-like differentiation in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Valproic acid impairs cell proliferation or survival as indicated by decreased incorporation of [³H]thymidine in F9 and P19 teratocarcinoma cells. ^[2]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
HEK293	M4\wN2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	M3v4b\|EhdU1?		M2nvfmlv[3KnYYPlJIlvKHC{b4TlbY4h\Gm\|dXzmbYRmKGm\|b33ldoF{\SCuZY\lcEBqdiCKRVuyPVMh[2WubIOgZZQhOSCvTTDifUBqdW23bn;icI91	NX3Sc2VbRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUe1OlY4OzJpPkG3OVY3PzN{PD;hQi=>
HEK293	M2O1XmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	MoC3NUBuVQ>?		NHzNNnpKdmO{ZXHz[UBqdiCJUmC3PEBxem:2ZXnuJIxmfmWuIHnuJGhGUzJ7MzDj[YxteyCjdDCxJI1OKGK7IHntcZVvd2Kub4S=	NGKyUVY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zN{W2Olc{Oid-MUe1OlY4OzJ:L3G+
A549	NX70SJFzTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	MoPtNVUxKHWP	NVW2S5Q4OjRiaILz	M1PvT2lvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hUESDQzDpckBCPTR7IHPlcIx{KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IHnuZ5Jm[XOnIHnuJIhqe3SxbnWtTFQh[WOndInsZZRqd25iYYSgNVUxKHWPIHHmeIVzKDJ2IHjyd{BjgSCZZYP0[ZJvKGKub4S=	NWPIbpRTRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUiyPVQ5PDRpPkG4Nlk1QDR2PD;hQi=>
GM15850	MlLpSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	M1jQUlQxOCC3TR?=	NFvkTYMyOiCqcoO=	NWXm[JRHUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDISGFEKGmwIHj1cYFvKEePMUW4OVAh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMhcW6lcnXhd4UhcW5idH;0ZYwh[WOndInsZZRm\CCqaYP0c45mKGyndnXsJIF1KDRyMDD1UUBi\nSncjCxNkBpenNiYomgW4V{fGW{bjDicI91KGGwYXz5d4l{	M4fPTVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF4OUKxN\|Y4Lz5zNkmyNVM3PzxxYU6=
PC12	NXTQWVk4TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	MkLoNUB2VQ>?	MmTtNlQhcHK\|	NYPIRpN3UW6mdXP0bY9vKG:oIHH1eI9xcGGpeTDpckBz[XRic4ThZoxmKGmwZIXjbYJt\SCSQ{GyJINmdGy\|IHX4dJJme3OrbnegRVU{XCCjbIDoZU1{gW63Y3zlbY4h[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiQUWzWEBidHCqYT3zfY52[2ynaX6gZ4xm[XKjbnPlJIF1KDFidV2gZYZ1\XJiMkSgbJJ{KGK7IHTlcpNqfG:vZYTybYMh[W6jbInzbZM>	M1jjNlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF6M{mxPVQ6Lz5zOEO5NVk1QTxxYU6=
PC12	MXfGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	M{\tblEhfU1?	M1jiTVk3KGi{cx?=	MVTJcoR2[3Srb36gc4Yh[XW2b4DoZYd6KGmwIILheEB{fGGkbHWgbY5lfWOrYnzlJHBEOTJiY3XscJMh\XiycnXzd4lv\yCHR1\QMWhFWTd2IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJJNwdHWkbHWgSWdHWC2KRGG3OEBkdGWjcnHuZ4Uh[XRiMTD1UUBi\nSncjC5OkBpenNiYomg[IVve2m2b33leJJq[yCjbnHsfZNqew>?	M{P1ZVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF6M{mxPVQ6Lz5zOEO5NVk1QTxxYU6=
SK-N-MC	M1vjTmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NVGwOHU5OSCvTR?=	M3[3WFQ5KGi{cx?=	MX3JcoR2[3Srb36gc4Yh[XW2b4DoZYd6KGmwIHj1cYFvKFONLV6tUWMh[2WubIOg[ZhxemW\|c3nu[{BGT0[SLVjEVVc1KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IILl[JVkfGmxbjDpckBGT0[SLVjEVVc1KGGpZ4Ll[4F1cW:wIHH0JFEhfU1iYX\0[ZIhPDhiaILzJIJ6KGSnboPpeI9u\XS{aXOgZY5idHm\|aYO=	MY[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQDN7MUm0PUc,OTh\|OUG5OFk9N2F-
HL60	MXfGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	MYSxJI1O	NWLVbIp6OjRiaILz	NInodJBKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjERWMhcW5iaIXtZY4hUEx4MDDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDpcoNz\WG\|ZTDpckBpcXO2b37lJGg{KGGlZYT5cIF1cW:wIHH0JFEhdU1iYX\0[ZIhOjRiaILzJIJ6KFenc4Tldo4h[myxdITpcochdWW2aH;k	MoXMQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjV\|MES4PVYoRjJ3M{C0PFk3RC:jPh?=

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	Acetyl Histone H3 ; PubMed: 28542253 PLoS One Histone acetylation levels were determined by western blotting after 72 hours of sodium valproate treatment and was used as an indicator of HDAC inhibition. Active caspase-3 / PARP / Cleaved PARP ; PubMed: 28542253 PLoS One To confirm the induction of apoptosis western blotting was carried out on all three cell lines treated with ≤5 mM valproate for 72 hours. acetyl-H4; PubMed: 20025549 Cancer Biother Radiopharm Changes in histone acetylation after valproic acid (VPA) exposure. LS174T and HCT116 cells were exposed to varying concentrations of VPA for 16 hours. Cellular protein extracts were prepared, as described in Materials and Methods, and analyzed by immunoblot assay with antibody against acetylated histone H4 (acetyl-H4). β-actin was included as a control to show equivalent protein loading.	28542253 20025549
Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability; PubMed: 28498322 Int J Mol Sci The viability of MIHA, HepG2, and SNU475 cells was determined by EZ-Cytox assay after 48-h exposure to the indicated concentration of VPA;	28498322

In vivo

Valproic acid delays growth of the primary tumors in the MT‐450 rat breast cancer model. ^[2]

Protocol

References

Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	33 mg/mL (198.56 mM)
	Water	33 mg/mL (198.56 mM)
	Ethanol	''33 mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Valproic Acid (NSC 93819) sodium salt SDF

Molecular Weight	166.19
Formula	C₈H₁₅NaO₂
CAS No.	1069-66-5
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	Sodium valproate
Smiles	CCCC(CCC)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
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Bio Calculators

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The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

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Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2021-05-17)

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT03919292	Recruiting	Drug: Neratinib\|Drug: Divalproex Sodium	Solid Tumor Adult	Virginia Commonwealth University\|Puma Biotechnology Inc.	May 1 2019	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT03681158	Completed	Drug: sodium valproate	Epilepsy	Sanofi	October 5 2018	Phase 1
NCT03112889	Completed	Drug: Sodium Valproate	Glycogen Storage Disease Type V\|McArdle Disease	University College London	January 2015	Phase 2
NCT00139074	Terminated	Drug: Quetiapine fumarate\|Drug: sodium valproate	Bipolar Disorder	AstraZeneca	July 2005	Phase 4

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

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HDAC Signaling Pathway Map

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Valproic Acid (NSC 93819) sodium salt