| S6887 |
Clozapine N-oxide (CNO chemical)
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CNO (Clozapine N-oxide) is a metabolite of Clozapine (GLXC-06516) and an agonist of human muscarinic designer receptors (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs, DREADDs). Clozapine is a potent dopamine (DA) antagonist and a selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
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Molecular Medicine, November 23, 2025, nan
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Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, November 11, 2022, 1040569
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Theranostics, 2025, 15(5):1822-1841
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| S5749 |
Chlorpromazine (CPZ)
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Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a low-potency typical antipsychotic agent that is used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) inhibits 5-HT(2A) receptor and dopamine D2 in vitro. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) also inhibits sodium channel and blocks HERG potassium channels with IC50 of 21.6 μM.
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EMBO J, 2025, 10.1038/s44318-025-00537-7
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Mol Psychiatry, 2025, 10.1038/s41380-025-03374-6
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J Thromb Haemost, 2025, 23(9):2926-2943
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| S4732 |
MPTP Hydrochloride
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MPTP hydrochloride is a dopaminergic neurotoxin and cause selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of parkinsonism. MPTP hydrochloride induces apoptosis.MPTP hydrochloride can be used to induce animal models of Parkinson’s disease.
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Inflammation, 2025, 10.1007/s10753-025-02306-4
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Front Aging Neurosci, 2025, 17:1551404
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Exp Cell Res, 2025, 449(2):114602
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| S2456 |
Chlorpromazine HCl
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Chlorpromazine HCl is a dopamine and potassium channel inhibitor with IC50 of 6.1 and 16 μM for inward-rectifying K+ currents and time-independent outward currents.
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J Colloid Interface Sci, 2024, 664:338-348
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Virus Res, 2024, 339:199258
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Cell Mol Immunol, 2022, 19(8):925-943
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| S5856 |
Trifluoperazine
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Trifluoperazine (NSC-17474, RP-7623, SKF-5019) is an FDA-approved antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia. It is an inhibitor of calmodulin (CaM) and Dopamine D2 receptor with an IC50 value of 1.2 nM for D2 receptor.
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Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2026, Online ahead of print
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Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2026, nan
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Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2025, 500:117393
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| S3201 |
Trifluoperazine 2HCl
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Trifluoperazine (NSC-17474, RP-7623, SKF-5019) 2HCl is a dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 nM. Trifluoperazine also inhibits calmodulin (CaM).
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Frontiers in Microbiology, November 1, 2022, 979904
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Antiviral Research, February 2024, 105817
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EMBO Molecular Medicine, December 23, 2025, 433-461
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| S1763 |
Quetiapine (ICI-204636) fumarate
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Quetiapine Fumarate (ICI-204636) is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, bipolar I depression and shows affinity for various neurotransmitter receptors including serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and adrenergic receptors.
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Toxicology Letters, October 1, 2019, 313:77-90
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Anticancer Research, February 2021, 41(2):687-697
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Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 979904
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| S4358 |
Pimozide
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Pimozide (Orap, R6238) is an antagonist of Dopamine Receptors with Ki of 0.83 nM, 3.0 nM and 6600 nM for dopamine D3, D2 and D1 receptors, respectively. This compound also exhibits binding affinity at 5-HT1A and α1-adrenoceptor with Ki of 310 nM and 39 nM, respectively. It is an antipsychotic drug with anti-tumor activity and suppresses STAT3 and STAT5 activity.
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Anticancer Research, October 15, 2018, 5685-5692
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Acta Haematologica, January 6, 2025, 729-733
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Mol Metab, 2025, 91:102069
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| S1726 |
Levodopa
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Levodopa (L-DOPA) is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), used to treat Parkinson's symptoms.
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PLOS ONE, March 2, 2017, e0173240
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Molecular Psychiatry, 2025, 1-12
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Mol Psychiatry, 2025, 10.1038/s41380-025-03374-6
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| S1280 |
Amisulpride
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Amisulpride (DAN-2163) is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis in schizophrenia and episodes of mania in bipolar disorder.
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Frontiers in Microbiology, November 01, 2022, 979904
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Alzheimers & Dementia, May 23, 2023, 5482-5497
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Communications Medicine, 2025, 420
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