Dopamine Receptor

Signaling Pathway Map

Research Area

Inhibitory Selectivity

Isoform-specific Inhibitors

Dopamine Receptor Products

All (79) Dopamine Receptor Inhibitors (12) Dopamine Receptor Activators (1) Dopamine Receptor Antagonists (44) Dopamine Receptor Agonists (18) Dopamine Receptor Modulators (1)

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S3163	Benztropine mesylate Benztropine is a dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor with IC50 of 118 nM.
S2456	Chlorpromazine HCl Chlorpromazine HCl (Sonazine) is a dopamine and potassium channel inhibitor with IC50 of 6.1 and 16 μM for inward-rectifying K+ currents and time-independent outward currents.	Theranostics, 2021, 11(5):2364-2380 J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021, 601:650-660 Int J Nanomedicine, 2021, 16:2487-2499	Low-micromolar amounts of chlorpromazine inhibit SARS-CoV-induced cytopathology. Vero E6 cells in 96-well plates were infected with SARS-CoV isolate Frankfurt-1 (MOI, 0.005) in the presence of 0 to 16 μM CPZ (B), given at t of +1 h p.i. Cells were incubated for 3 days, and viability was monitored using an MTS assay. In parallel, potential compound cytotoxicity was monitored in mock-infected Vero E6 cells. Graphs show the results (averages and SD) of a representative experiment that was performed in quadruplicate. All experiments were repeated at least twice. For each compound, the EC50, CC50, and SI values are given.
S3913^New	Pimethixene maleate Pimethixene (Pimetixene) maleate, an antihistamine, anntimigraine agent and antiserotonergic compound, is a highly potent antagonist of a broad range of monoamine receptors, including a variety of serotonin receptors. Pimethixene maleate inhibits 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, Adrenergic α-1A, Dopamine D1 Receptor, Dopamine D2 Receptor, Dopamine D4.4 Receptor, Histamine H1 Receptor, Muscarinic M1 and Muscarinic M2 with pKi of 10.22, 10.44, 8.42, 7.63, < 5, 7.30, 7.28, 7.61, 6.37, 8.19, 7.54, 10.14, 8.61 and 9.38, respectively.
S2452	Amfebutamone (Bupropion) HCl Amfebutamone (Bupropion) HCl is a selective norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor with IC50 of 6.5 and 3.4 μM for the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, respectively.	Front Microbiol, 2020, 10:2936 G3 (Bethesda), 2014, 4(6):1081-9 Georgia State University, 2014, Chaquettea Felton
S3201	Trifluoperazine 2HCl Trifluoperazine (SKF5019) is a dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 nM.	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2021, 424:115595 Toxicol Lett, 2021, 348:10-17 Biomed Chromatogr, 2021, e5205
S2461	Domperidone Domperidone is an oral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, used to treat nausea and vomiting.
S4569	Fluphenazine dihydrochloride Fluphenazine dihydrochloride (Prolixin) is a phenothiazine-class D1DR and D2DR inhibitor. It also inhibits Histamine H1 Receptor.	bioRxiv, 2020, 2020/9/20.4.7.30734 Methods Mol Biol, 2017, 1513:119-140
S5856	Trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine (NSC-17474, RP-7623, SKF-5019) is an FDA-approved antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia. It is an inhibitor of calmodulin (CaM) and Dopamine D2 receptor with an IC50 value of 1.2 nM for D2 receptor.	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2021, 424:115595 Toxicol Lett, 2021, 348:10-17 Biomed Chromatogr, 2021, e5205
S1642	Methyldopa Methyldopa (Aldomet) is a DOPA decarboxylase competitive inhibitor with an ED50 of 21.8 mg/kg.
S5796	Vanoxerine dihydrochloride Vanoxerine (GBR-12909) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the presynaptic dopamine uptake complex.
S3854	Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride Tetrahydropalmatine (THP, Gindarine, 1-Tetrahydropalmitine) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the Corydalis genus (Yan Hu Suo), but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda. It is a potent muscle relaxant. Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats.
S3189	Ropinirole HCl Ropinirole (SKF-101468A) a selective dopamine D2 receptors agonist with K_i of 29 nM.
S6301^New	MPP+ iodide MPP+ iodide (N-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium Iodide), the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons.
S2493	Olanzapine Olanzapine (LY170053) is a high affinity for 5-HT2 serotonin and D2 dopamine receptor antagonist.	Pharmacol Res, 2021, 170:105714 Cell, 2020, S0092-8674(20)31394-5 Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2020, 10.1038/s41401-020-0378-6	Punctuates of LC3 proteins in olanzapine-treated T98 and LN229 cells. Cells were incubated with olanzapine (0, 0.1M, 0.2mM) for 48h and then stained with the anti-LC3 antibody. Cells were examined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Green: FITC-labeled LC3; Blue: DAPI-labeled nucleus. Magnification: x 400
S1763	Quetiapine (ICI-204636) fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate (ICI-204636) is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, bipolar I depression and shows affinity for various neurotransmitter receptors including serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and adrenergic receptors.	Clin Transl Sci, 2021, 10.1111/cts.13012 J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2019, 145(6):1495-1507 Toxicol Lett, 2019, 313:77-90
S1444	Ziprasidone HCl Ziprasidone HCl (CP-88059) is a novel and potent dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.	Nature, 2018, 560(7718):372-376 Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753 Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1):8491	a, Quantification of sterol levels in OPCs (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) treated with the indicated molecules at 2 μM.
S6853^New	ONC206 ONC206 is a selective antagonist of dopamine D2-like receptors (DRD2/3/4) with broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity.
S4358^New	Pimozide Pimozide (Orap, R6238) is an antagonist of Dopamine Receptors with Ki of 0.83 nM, 3.0 nM and 6600 nM for dopamine D3, D2 and D1 receptors, respectively. Pimozide also exhibits binding affinity at α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A with Ki of 360 nM and 310 nM, respectively. Pimozide is an antipsychotic drug with anti-tumor activity and suppresses STAT3 and STAT5 activity.
S5185^New	Perospirone Perospirone (SM-9018 free base) is an orally active antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor, dopamine2 (D2) receptor and 5-HT1A receptor with Ki of 0.6 nM, 1.4 nM and 2.9 nM, respectively.
S5197^New	Loxapine Loxapine (Adasuve), a typical neuroleptic, is a drug with D2/D3 receptor antagonist activity and a higher affinity for D3 than D2. Loxapine displays an extremely strong binding affinity for dopamine D4 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.
S5949^New	Metoclopramide hydrochloride hydrate Metoclopramide hydrochloride (Clorpa, Gimoti, Maxolon, Reglan) hydrate is primarily a Dopamine receptor antagonist, with 5HT3 receptor antagonist and 5HT4 receptor agonist activity, and used as an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic.	Pharmazie, 2021, 76(4):172-174
S1280	Amisulpride Amisulpride (DAN-2163) is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis in schizophrenia and episodes of mania in bipolar disorder.
S1724	Paliperidone Paliperidone, the main active metabolite of Risperidone, is a potent serotonin-2A and dopamine-2 receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
S1920	Haloperidol Haloperidol (Haldol) is an antipsychotic and butyrophenone.	Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021, 10.1038/s41386-021-00962-2
S1771	Chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene has strong binding affinities to dopamine and histamine receptors, such as D1, D2, D3, D5, H1, 5-HT2, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7, with K_i of 18 nM, 2.96 nM, 4.56 nM, 9 nM, 3.75 nM, 9.4 nM, 3 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively.	Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753
S4251	Phenothiazine Phenothiazine (ENT 38) is a dopamine-2 (D2) receptor antagonist therefore decreases the effect of dopamine in the brain.
S4096	Droperidol Droperidol (NSC 169874) is a potent antagonist of dopamine subtype 2 receptors in the limbic system.	Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753
S3044	Lurasidone HCl Lurasidone (SM-13496) is an atypical antipsychotic, inhibits Dopamine D2, 5-HT2A, 5-HT7, 5-HT1A and noradrenaline α2C with IC50 of 1.68 nM, 2.03 nM, 0.495 nM, 6.75 nM and 10.8 nM, respectively.
S2104	Levosulpiride Levosulpiride is a selective antagonist for D2 dopamine receptors used as an antipsychotic and prokinetic agent.	Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753
S4086	Loxapine Succinate Loxapine Succinate is a D2DR and D4DR inhibitor, serotonergic receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent.
S5741	Quetiapine Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.Quetiapine is a 5-HT receptors agonist with a pEC50 of 4.77 for human 5-HT1A receptor. Quetiapine is a dopamine receptor antagonist with a pIC50 of 6.33 for human D2 receptor. Quetiapine have moderate to high affinity for the human D2, HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptor with pKis of 7.23, 5.74, 7.54, 5.55.
S5559	Tetrahydropalmatine Tetrahydropalmatine (Rotundine), a plant alkaloid used as an ingredient in dietary supplement products, is a potent and selective D1 receptor antagonist.
S4731	Perphenazine Perphenazine (Trilafon, Etaperazine) is a phenothiazine derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antiemetic and antipsychotic properties.
S5153	Tetrahydroberberine Tetrahydroberberine (Canadine) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with micromolar affinity for dopamine D2 (antagonist, pKi = 6.08) and 5-HT1A (agonist, pKi = 5.38) receptors but moderate to no affinity for other relevant serotonin receptors.
S5324	Oxidopamine hydrobromide Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA, 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neurotoxic synthetic organic compound that acts as an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine with potential antineoplastic activity.	Ther Adv Chronic Dis, 2021, 12:2040622321998139
S4889	Perospirone hydrochloride Perospirone (SM-9018) is an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic of the azapirone family that antagonizes serotonin 5HT2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. It also displays affinity towards 5HT1A receptors as a partial agonist.
S5399	Chlorprothixene hydrochloride Chlorprothixene HCl (Minithixen hydrochloride, Truxal hydrochloride, NSC 169899, NSC 56379, NSC 78193) is the hydrochloride salt form of chlorprothixene, a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene (tricyclic) class. It exerts strong blocking effects by blocking the 5-HT2 D1, D2, D3, histamine H1, muscarinic and alpha1 adrenergic receptors.
S5565	Triflupromazine hydrochloride Triflupromazine hydrochloride (Fluopromazine) is an antipsychotic medication of the phenothiazine class.	bioRxiv, 2020, 2020/9/20.4.7.30734
S4151	Penfluridol Penfluridol (TLP-607) is a highly potent, first generation diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic.
S5481	Molindone hydrochloride Molindone hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of molindone, a conventional antipsychotic used in the therapy of schizophrenia. It is a dopamine D2/D5 receptor antagonist.
S2437	Rotundine Rotundine (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.	J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S4631	Prochlorperazine dimaleate salt Prochlorperazine dimaleate (Prochlorperazin, Compazine, Capazine, Stemetil) is a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist.	F1000Res, 2016, 5:150
S4257	Alizapride HCl Alizapride HCl is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for the theropy of nausea and vomiting.
S4655	Sulpiride Sulpiride (Dolmatil, Dobren, Sulpyrid, Aiglonyl, Dogmatil) is a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid.	Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1):941
S5714	lurasidone Lurasidone (SM-13496) is a second-generation antipsychotic agent that exhibits full antagonism at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors with binding affinities Ki = 1 nM and Ki = 0.5 nM, respectively. It also has high affinity for serotonin 5-HT7 receptors (Ki = 0.5 nM), partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 6.4 nM) and lacks affinity for histamine H1 and muscarinic M1 receptors.
S5034	Melitracen hydrochloride Melitracen hydrochloride (Thymeol) is a potential dopamine D1/2 receptor antagonist which has antidepressant properties.
S1789	Tetrabenazine (Xenazine) Tetrabenazine(Nitoman, Xenazine) acts primarily as a reversible high-affinity inhibitor of mono-amine uptake into granular vesicles of presynaptic neurons by binding selectively to VMAT-2; Also blocks dopamine D2 receptors, but this affinity is 1,000-fold lower than its affinity for VMAT-2.
S6410	Clemizole Clemizole, a first-generation histamine receptor (H1) antagonist, is a potent inhibitor of behavioural and electrographic seizure activity. It has a potential therapeutic effect on hepatitis C infection and also potently inhibits TRPC5 ion channels.
S4219	Azaperone Azaperone (NSC 170976) crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to both DI and D2 receptors, being an antagonist of Dopamine receptors with sedative and antiemetic effects, which is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine.
S6455	Clebopride malate Clebopride is a dopamine antagonist drug and is used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorder such as nausea or vomiting.
S5428	Promazine hydrochloride Promazine (Romtiazin, Sinophenin) is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors with antipsychotic effects.
S5624	Paliperidone Palmitate Paliperidone Palmitate (9-hydroxyrisperidone palmitate) is a palmitate ester of paliperidone, which is a dopamine antagonist and 5-HT2A antagonist of the atypical antipsychotic class.
S5749	Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a low-potency typical antipsychotic agent that is used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) inhibits 5-HT(2A) receptor and dopamine D2 in vitro. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) also inhibits sodium channel and blocks HERG potassium channels with IC50 of 21.6 μM.	Theranostics, 2021, 11(5):2364-2380 Front Oncol, 2021, 11:665832 Int J Nanomedicine, 2021, 16:2487-2499
S0476	SCH-23390 hydrochloride SCH-23390 hydrochloride (R-(+)-SCH-23390, SCH-23390) is a highly potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist with Ki of 0.2 nM and 0.3 nM for the D1 and D5 dopamine receptor subtypes, respectively. SCH-23390 hydrochloride is a potent and high efficacy agonist at h5-HT2C receptors with Ki of 9.3 nM. SCH-23390 hydrochloride directly inhibits G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels with IC50 of 268 nM.
S9509	Tiapride Hydrochloride Tiapride is a drug that selectively blocks D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in the brain and is used to treat a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
S4289	Metoclopramide HCl Metoclopramide HCl is a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting.	Pharmazie, 2021, 76(4):172-174
S5862	Metoclopramide Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting.	Pharmazie, 2021, 76(4):172-174
S6887^New	Clozapine N-oxide Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) is a metabolite of Clozapine (GLXC-06516) and an agonist of human muscarinic designer receptors (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs, DREADDs). Clozapine is a potent dopamine (DA) antagonist and a selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.
S1726	Levodopa Levodopa is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), used to treat Parkinson's symptoms.	PLoS One, 2017, 12(3):e0173240	(A) A focused screening of Aβ generation in response to levodopa, piribedil, bromocriptine or carbidopa at indicated concentrations in SK-N-SH cells. Data are mean ± s.e.m., n = 3-4. p < 0.05; **p < 0.001 versus the control of each group.
S2451	Amantadine HCl Amantadine HCl (1-adamantanamine) is used to treat or prevent infections of the respiratory tract caused by a certain virus.	Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2021, 211:111900 Adv Ther (Weinh), 2020, 2000034
S2011	Pramipexole 2HCl Monohydrate Pramipexole 2HCl Monohydrateis a novel non-ergoline dopamine (DA) agonist, used to treat Parkinson's disease.	Autophagy, 2016, 12(12):2374-2385
S2460	Pramipexole Pramipexole (SND 919) is a partial/full D2S, D2L, D3, D4 receptor agonist with a Ki of 3.9, 2.2, 0.5 and 5.1 nM for D2S, D2L, D3, D4 receptor, respectively.
S2529	Dopamine HCl Dopamine HCl is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals,And a dopamine D1-5 receptors agonist.	Cell, 2021, 184(4):943-956.e18 Cancer Commun (Lond), 2020, 10.1002/cac2.12103 Brain, 2019, 142(3):700-718
S5849	Cariprazine HCl Cariprazine (RGH-188), a novel second-generation antipsychotic, is a D3-preferring dopamine D2/D3 receptor partial agonist.
S3664	Flupentixol dihydrochloride Flupentixol (Flupenthixol) dihydrochloride, an antipsychotic neuroleptic drug, is a powerful antagonist of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and also an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
S3821	Nuciferine Nuciferine (Sanjoinine E, (-)-Nuciferine, VLT 049) is a major active aporphine alkaloid from the leaves of N. nucifera Gaertn and possesses anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypotensive, anti-arrhythmic, and insulin secretagogue activities. Nuciferine is an antagonist at 5-HT2A (IC50=478 nM), 5-HT2C (IC50=131 nM), and 5-HT2B (IC50=1 μM), an inverse agonist at 5-HT7 (IC50=150 nM), a partial agonist at D2 (EC50=64 nM), D5 (EC50=2.6 μM) and 5-HT6 (EC50=700 nM), an agonist at 5-HT1A (EC50=3.2 μM) and D4 (EC50=2 μM) receptor.	Br J Pharmacol, 2021, 178(5):1182-1199 Tohoku J Exp Med, 2021, 254(1):17-23
S4618	Fenoldopam mesylate Fenoldopam (SKF 82526, Corlopam) is a selective dopamine-1 receptor (DA1) agonist with natriuretic/diuretic properties. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.
S7993	SKF38393 HCl SKF38393 HCl is a selective dopamine D1/D5 receptor agonist.
S0104	Pardoprunox (SLV-308) hydrochloride Pardoprunox hydrochloride (DU-126891, SME-308) is a potent but partial dopamine D2 receptor agonist with pEC50 of 8.0, and a partial agonist in the induction of [³⁵S]GTPγS binding with pEC50 of 9.2 and a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with pEC50 of 6.3, respectively.
S4639	Brexpiprazole Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) is a novel D2 dopamine and serotonin 1A partial agonist, called serotonin-dopamine activity modulator (SDAM), and a potent antagonist of serotonin 2A receptors, noradrenergic alpha 1B and 2C receptors with Ki values of 0.3, 0.12, 0.47, 0.17 and 0.59 nM for D_2L, 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A, α_1B receptors and α_2C receptors respectivey.
S3656	Piribedil Piribedil (Trivastal, Trivastan) is a relatively selective dopamine (D2/D3) agonist with moderate antidepressant activity. It also has α2-adrenergic (α2A/α2C) antagonist properties.
S2168	PD128907 HCl PD 128907 HCl is a potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist, with EC50 of 0.64 nM, exhibits 53-fold selectivity over dopamine D2 receptor.
S5842	Cabergoline Cabergoline (FCE-21336), an ergot derivative, is a long-acting dopamine agonist and prolactin inhibitor.
S4274	Rotigotine Rotigotine is a dopamine receptor agonist, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome.	Cell Death Dis, 2019, 10(9):649
S5066	Pramipexole dihydrochloride Pramipexole dihydrochloride (SND919) is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class indicated for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) with Ki values of 3.9 nM, 2.2 nM, 0.5 nM and 5.1 nM for D2S receptor, D2L receptor, D3 receptor and D4 receptor.
S4933^New	Lithium carbonate Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is an inorganic compound that is valuable and effective agent in the treatment and prophylaxis of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder (BD). Lithium carbonate is able to alter D2 dopamine receptors response.
S4732	MPTP hydrochloride MPTP hydrochloride is a dopaminergic neurotoxin and cause selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of parkinsonism. MPTP hydrochloride induces apoptosis.	J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17(1):272 Brain Res Bull, 2020, 164:55-64
S8097	C-DIM12 C-DIM12 is Nurr1 activator that stimulates Nurr1 mediated apoptosis axis in bladder cancer cells and tumors and inhibits NF-κB–dependent gene expression in glial cells.	Front Mol Neurosci, 2020, 23724 Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(3):411
S3188	(+,-)-Octopamine HCl Octopamine (OA), a biogenic monoamine structurally related to noradrenaline, acts as a neurohormone, a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter in invertebrates.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S3163	Benztropine mesylate Benztropine is a dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor with IC50 of 118 nM.
S2456	Chlorpromazine HCl Chlorpromazine HCl (Sonazine) is a dopamine and potassium channel inhibitor with IC50 of 6.1 and 16 μM for inward-rectifying K+ currents and time-independent outward currents.	Theranostics, 2021, 11(5):2364-2380 J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021, 601:650-660 Int J Nanomedicine, 2021, 16:2487-2499	Low-micromolar amounts of chlorpromazine inhibit SARS-CoV-induced cytopathology. Vero E6 cells in 96-well plates were infected with SARS-CoV isolate Frankfurt-1 (MOI, 0.005) in the presence of 0 to 16 μM CPZ (B), given at t of +1 h p.i. Cells were incubated for 3 days, and viability was monitored using an MTS assay. In parallel, potential compound cytotoxicity was monitored in mock-infected Vero E6 cells. Graphs show the results (averages and SD) of a representative experiment that was performed in quadruplicate. All experiments were repeated at least twice. For each compound, the EC50, CC50, and SI values are given.
S3913^New	Pimethixene maleate Pimethixene (Pimetixene) maleate, an antihistamine, anntimigraine agent and antiserotonergic compound, is a highly potent antagonist of a broad range of monoamine receptors, including a variety of serotonin receptors. Pimethixene maleate inhibits 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, Adrenergic α-1A, Dopamine D1 Receptor, Dopamine D2 Receptor, Dopamine D4.4 Receptor, Histamine H1 Receptor, Muscarinic M1 and Muscarinic M2 with pKi of 10.22, 10.44, 8.42, 7.63, < 5, 7.30, 7.28, 7.61, 6.37, 8.19, 7.54, 10.14, 8.61 and 9.38, respectively.
S2452	Amfebutamone (Bupropion) HCl Amfebutamone (Bupropion) HCl is a selective norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor with IC50 of 6.5 and 3.4 μM for the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, respectively.	Front Microbiol, 2020, 10:2936 G3 (Bethesda), 2014, 4(6):1081-9 Georgia State University, 2014, Chaquettea Felton
S3201	Trifluoperazine 2HCl Trifluoperazine (SKF5019) is a dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 nM.	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2021, 424:115595 Toxicol Lett, 2021, 348:10-17 Biomed Chromatogr, 2021, e5205
S2461	Domperidone Domperidone is an oral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, used to treat nausea and vomiting.
S4569	Fluphenazine dihydrochloride Fluphenazine dihydrochloride (Prolixin) is a phenothiazine-class D1DR and D2DR inhibitor. It also inhibits Histamine H1 Receptor.	bioRxiv, 2020, 2020/9/20.4.7.30734 Methods Mol Biol, 2017, 1513:119-140
S5856	Trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine (NSC-17474, RP-7623, SKF-5019) is an FDA-approved antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia. It is an inhibitor of calmodulin (CaM) and Dopamine D2 receptor with an IC50 value of 1.2 nM for D2 receptor.	Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2021, 424:115595 Toxicol Lett, 2021, 348:10-17 Biomed Chromatogr, 2021, e5205
S1642	Methyldopa Methyldopa (Aldomet) is a DOPA decarboxylase competitive inhibitor with an ED50 of 21.8 mg/kg.
S5796	Vanoxerine dihydrochloride Vanoxerine (GBR-12909) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the presynaptic dopamine uptake complex.
S3854	Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride Tetrahydropalmatine (THP, Gindarine, 1-Tetrahydropalmitine) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the Corydalis genus (Yan Hu Suo), but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda. It is a potent muscle relaxant. Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats.
S3189	Ropinirole HCl Ropinirole (SKF-101468A) a selective dopamine D2 receptors agonist with K_i of 29 nM.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S6301^New	MPP+ iodide MPP+ iodide (N-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium Iodide), the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons.

Catalog No.

Information

Product Use Citations

Product Validations

S6301^New

MPP+ iodide

MPP+ iodide (N-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium Iodide), the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S2493	Olanzapine Olanzapine (LY170053) is a high affinity for 5-HT2 serotonin and D2 dopamine receptor antagonist.	Pharmacol Res, 2021, 170:105714 Cell, 2020, S0092-8674(20)31394-5 Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2020, 10.1038/s41401-020-0378-6	Punctuates of LC3 proteins in olanzapine-treated T98 and LN229 cells. Cells were incubated with olanzapine (0, 0.1M, 0.2mM) for 48h and then stained with the anti-LC3 antibody. Cells were examined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Green: FITC-labeled LC3; Blue: DAPI-labeled nucleus. Magnification: x 400
S1763	Quetiapine (ICI-204636) fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate (ICI-204636) is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar I mania, bipolar II depression, bipolar I depression and shows affinity for various neurotransmitter receptors including serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and adrenergic receptors.	Clin Transl Sci, 2021, 10.1111/cts.13012 J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2019, 145(6):1495-1507 Toxicol Lett, 2019, 313:77-90
S1444	Ziprasidone HCl Ziprasidone HCl (CP-88059) is a novel and potent dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.	Nature, 2018, 560(7718):372-376 Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753 Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1):8491	a, Quantification of sterol levels in OPCs (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells) treated with the indicated molecules at 2 μM.
S6853^New	ONC206 ONC206 is a selective antagonist of dopamine D2-like receptors (DRD2/3/4) with broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity.
S4358^New	Pimozide Pimozide (Orap, R6238) is an antagonist of Dopamine Receptors with Ki of 0.83 nM, 3.0 nM and 6600 nM for dopamine D3, D2 and D1 receptors, respectively. Pimozide also exhibits binding affinity at α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A with Ki of 360 nM and 310 nM, respectively. Pimozide is an antipsychotic drug with anti-tumor activity and suppresses STAT3 and STAT5 activity.
S5185^New	Perospirone Perospirone (SM-9018 free base) is an orally active antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor, dopamine2 (D2) receptor and 5-HT1A receptor with Ki of 0.6 nM, 1.4 nM and 2.9 nM, respectively.
S5197^New	Loxapine Loxapine (Adasuve), a typical neuroleptic, is a drug with D2/D3 receptor antagonist activity and a higher affinity for D3 than D2. Loxapine displays an extremely strong binding affinity for dopamine D4 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.
S5949^New	Metoclopramide hydrochloride hydrate Metoclopramide hydrochloride (Clorpa, Gimoti, Maxolon, Reglan) hydrate is primarily a Dopamine receptor antagonist, with 5HT3 receptor antagonist and 5HT4 receptor agonist activity, and used as an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic.	Pharmazie, 2021, 76(4):172-174
S1280	Amisulpride Amisulpride (DAN-2163) is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis in schizophrenia and episodes of mania in bipolar disorder.
S1724	Paliperidone Paliperidone, the main active metabolite of Risperidone, is a potent serotonin-2A and dopamine-2 receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of schizophrenia.
S1920	Haloperidol Haloperidol (Haldol) is an antipsychotic and butyrophenone.	Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021, 10.1038/s41386-021-00962-2
S1771	Chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene has strong binding affinities to dopamine and histamine receptors, such as D1, D2, D3, D5, H1, 5-HT2, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7, with K_i of 18 nM, 2.96 nM, 4.56 nM, 9 nM, 3.75 nM, 9.4 nM, 3 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively.	Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753
S4251	Phenothiazine Phenothiazine (ENT 38) is a dopamine-2 (D2) receptor antagonist therefore decreases the effect of dopamine in the brain.
S4096	Droperidol Droperidol (NSC 169874) is a potent antagonist of dopamine subtype 2 receptors in the limbic system.	Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753
S3044	Lurasidone HCl Lurasidone (SM-13496) is an atypical antipsychotic, inhibits Dopamine D2, 5-HT2A, 5-HT7, 5-HT1A and noradrenaline α2C with IC50 of 1.68 nM, 2.03 nM, 0.495 nM, 6.75 nM and 10.8 nM, respectively.
S2104	Levosulpiride Levosulpiride is a selective antagonist for D2 dopamine receptors used as an antipsychotic and prokinetic agent.	Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):15753
S4086	Loxapine Succinate Loxapine Succinate is a D2DR and D4DR inhibitor, serotonergic receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent.
S5741	Quetiapine Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.Quetiapine is a 5-HT receptors agonist with a pEC50 of 4.77 for human 5-HT1A receptor. Quetiapine is a dopamine receptor antagonist with a pIC50 of 6.33 for human D2 receptor. Quetiapine have moderate to high affinity for the human D2, HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptor with pKis of 7.23, 5.74, 7.54, 5.55.
S5559	Tetrahydropalmatine Tetrahydropalmatine (Rotundine), a plant alkaloid used as an ingredient in dietary supplement products, is a potent and selective D1 receptor antagonist.
S4731	Perphenazine Perphenazine (Trilafon, Etaperazine) is a phenothiazine derivative and a dopamine antagonist with antiemetic and antipsychotic properties.
S5153	Tetrahydroberberine Tetrahydroberberine (Canadine) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with micromolar affinity for dopamine D2 (antagonist, pKi = 6.08) and 5-HT1A (agonist, pKi = 5.38) receptors but moderate to no affinity for other relevant serotonin receptors.
S5324	Oxidopamine hydrobromide Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA, 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neurotoxic synthetic organic compound that acts as an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine with potential antineoplastic activity.	Ther Adv Chronic Dis, 2021, 12:2040622321998139
S4889	Perospirone hydrochloride Perospirone (SM-9018) is an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic of the azapirone family that antagonizes serotonin 5HT2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. It also displays affinity towards 5HT1A receptors as a partial agonist.
S5399	Chlorprothixene hydrochloride Chlorprothixene HCl (Minithixen hydrochloride, Truxal hydrochloride, NSC 169899, NSC 56379, NSC 78193) is the hydrochloride salt form of chlorprothixene, a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene (tricyclic) class. It exerts strong blocking effects by blocking the 5-HT2 D1, D2, D3, histamine H1, muscarinic and alpha1 adrenergic receptors.
S5565	Triflupromazine hydrochloride Triflupromazine hydrochloride (Fluopromazine) is an antipsychotic medication of the phenothiazine class.	bioRxiv, 2020, 2020/9/20.4.7.30734
S4151	Penfluridol Penfluridol (TLP-607) is a highly potent, first generation diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic.
S5481	Molindone hydrochloride Molindone hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of molindone, a conventional antipsychotic used in the therapy of schizophrenia. It is a dopamine D2/D5 receptor antagonist.
S2437	Rotundine Rotundine (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.	J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
S4631	Prochlorperazine dimaleate salt Prochlorperazine dimaleate (Prochlorperazin, Compazine, Capazine, Stemetil) is a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist.	F1000Res, 2016, 5:150
S4257	Alizapride HCl Alizapride HCl is a dopamine receptor antagonist used for the theropy of nausea and vomiting.
S4655	Sulpiride Sulpiride (Dolmatil, Dobren, Sulpyrid, Aiglonyl, Dogmatil) is a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid.	Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1):941
S5714	lurasidone Lurasidone (SM-13496) is a second-generation antipsychotic agent that exhibits full antagonism at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors with binding affinities Ki = 1 nM and Ki = 0.5 nM, respectively. It also has high affinity for serotonin 5-HT7 receptors (Ki = 0.5 nM), partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors (Ki = 6.4 nM) and lacks affinity for histamine H1 and muscarinic M1 receptors.
S5034	Melitracen hydrochloride Melitracen hydrochloride (Thymeol) is a potential dopamine D1/2 receptor antagonist which has antidepressant properties.
S1789	Tetrabenazine (Xenazine) Tetrabenazine(Nitoman, Xenazine) acts primarily as a reversible high-affinity inhibitor of mono-amine uptake into granular vesicles of presynaptic neurons by binding selectively to VMAT-2; Also blocks dopamine D2 receptors, but this affinity is 1,000-fold lower than its affinity for VMAT-2.
S6410	Clemizole Clemizole, a first-generation histamine receptor (H1) antagonist, is a potent inhibitor of behavioural and electrographic seizure activity. It has a potential therapeutic effect on hepatitis C infection and also potently inhibits TRPC5 ion channels.
S4219	Azaperone Azaperone (NSC 170976) crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to both DI and D2 receptors, being an antagonist of Dopamine receptors with sedative and antiemetic effects, which is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine.
S6455	Clebopride malate Clebopride is a dopamine antagonist drug and is used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorder such as nausea or vomiting.
S5428	Promazine hydrochloride Promazine (Romtiazin, Sinophenin) is an antagonist at types 1, 2, and 4 dopamine receptors, 5-HT receptor types 2A and 2C, muscarinic receptors 1 through 5, alpha(1)-receptors, and histamine H1-receptors with antipsychotic effects.
S5624	Paliperidone Palmitate Paliperidone Palmitate (9-hydroxyrisperidone palmitate) is a palmitate ester of paliperidone, which is a dopamine antagonist and 5-HT2A antagonist of the atypical antipsychotic class.
S5749	Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a low-potency typical antipsychotic agent that is used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) inhibits 5-HT(2A) receptor and dopamine D2 in vitro. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) also inhibits sodium channel and blocks HERG potassium channels with IC50 of 21.6 μM.	Theranostics, 2021, 11(5):2364-2380 Front Oncol, 2021, 11:665832 Int J Nanomedicine, 2021, 16:2487-2499
S0476	SCH-23390 hydrochloride SCH-23390 hydrochloride (R-(+)-SCH-23390, SCH-23390) is a highly potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist with Ki of 0.2 nM and 0.3 nM for the D1 and D5 dopamine receptor subtypes, respectively. SCH-23390 hydrochloride is a potent and high efficacy agonist at h5-HT2C receptors with Ki of 9.3 nM. SCH-23390 hydrochloride directly inhibits G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels with IC50 of 268 nM.
S9509	Tiapride Hydrochloride Tiapride is a drug that selectively blocks D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in the brain and is used to treat a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
S4289	Metoclopramide HCl Metoclopramide HCl is a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting.	Pharmazie, 2021, 76(4):172-174
S5862	Metoclopramide Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting.	Pharmazie, 2021, 76(4):172-174

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S6887^New	Clozapine N-oxide Clozapine N-oxide (CNO) is a metabolite of Clozapine (GLXC-06516) and an agonist of human muscarinic designer receptors (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs, DREADDs). Clozapine is a potent dopamine (DA) antagonist and a selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.
S1726	Levodopa Levodopa is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), used to treat Parkinson's symptoms.	PLoS One, 2017, 12(3):e0173240	(A) A focused screening of Aβ generation in response to levodopa, piribedil, bromocriptine or carbidopa at indicated concentrations in SK-N-SH cells. Data are mean ± s.e.m., n = 3-4. p < 0.05; **p < 0.001 versus the control of each group.
S2451	Amantadine HCl Amantadine HCl (1-adamantanamine) is used to treat or prevent infections of the respiratory tract caused by a certain virus.	Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2021, 211:111900 Adv Ther (Weinh), 2020, 2000034
S2011	Pramipexole 2HCl Monohydrate Pramipexole 2HCl Monohydrateis a novel non-ergoline dopamine (DA) agonist, used to treat Parkinson's disease.	Autophagy, 2016, 12(12):2374-2385
S2460	Pramipexole Pramipexole (SND 919) is a partial/full D2S, D2L, D3, D4 receptor agonist with a Ki of 3.9, 2.2, 0.5 and 5.1 nM for D2S, D2L, D3, D4 receptor, respectively.
S2529	Dopamine HCl Dopamine HCl is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals,And a dopamine D1-5 receptors agonist.	Cell, 2021, 184(4):943-956.e18 Cancer Commun (Lond), 2020, 10.1002/cac2.12103 Brain, 2019, 142(3):700-718
S5849	Cariprazine HCl Cariprazine (RGH-188), a novel second-generation antipsychotic, is a D3-preferring dopamine D2/D3 receptor partial agonist.
S3664	Flupentixol dihydrochloride Flupentixol (Flupenthixol) dihydrochloride, an antipsychotic neuroleptic drug, is a powerful antagonist of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and also an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
S3821	Nuciferine Nuciferine (Sanjoinine E, (-)-Nuciferine, VLT 049) is a major active aporphine alkaloid from the leaves of N. nucifera Gaertn and possesses anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypotensive, anti-arrhythmic, and insulin secretagogue activities. Nuciferine is an antagonist at 5-HT2A (IC50=478 nM), 5-HT2C (IC50=131 nM), and 5-HT2B (IC50=1 μM), an inverse agonist at 5-HT7 (IC50=150 nM), a partial agonist at D2 (EC50=64 nM), D5 (EC50=2.6 μM) and 5-HT6 (EC50=700 nM), an agonist at 5-HT1A (EC50=3.2 μM) and D4 (EC50=2 μM) receptor.	Br J Pharmacol, 2021, 178(5):1182-1199 Tohoku J Exp Med, 2021, 254(1):17-23
S4618	Fenoldopam mesylate Fenoldopam (SKF 82526, Corlopam) is a selective dopamine-1 receptor (DA1) agonist with natriuretic/diuretic properties. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.
S7993	SKF38393 HCl SKF38393 HCl is a selective dopamine D1/D5 receptor agonist.
S0104	Pardoprunox (SLV-308) hydrochloride Pardoprunox hydrochloride (DU-126891, SME-308) is a potent but partial dopamine D2 receptor agonist with pEC50 of 8.0, and a partial agonist in the induction of [³⁵S]GTPγS binding with pEC50 of 9.2 and a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with pEC50 of 6.3, respectively.
S4639	Brexpiprazole Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) is a novel D2 dopamine and serotonin 1A partial agonist, called serotonin-dopamine activity modulator (SDAM), and a potent antagonist of serotonin 2A receptors, noradrenergic alpha 1B and 2C receptors with Ki values of 0.3, 0.12, 0.47, 0.17 and 0.59 nM for D_2L, 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A, α_1B receptors and α_2C receptors respectivey.
S3656	Piribedil Piribedil (Trivastal, Trivastan) is a relatively selective dopamine (D2/D3) agonist with moderate antidepressant activity. It also has α2-adrenergic (α2A/α2C) antagonist properties.
S2168	PD128907 HCl PD 128907 HCl is a potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist, with EC50 of 0.64 nM, exhibits 53-fold selectivity over dopamine D2 receptor.
S5842	Cabergoline Cabergoline (FCE-21336), an ergot derivative, is a long-acting dopamine agonist and prolactin inhibitor.
S4274	Rotigotine Rotigotine is a dopamine receptor agonist, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome.	Cell Death Dis, 2019, 10(9):649
S5066	Pramipexole dihydrochloride Pramipexole dihydrochloride (SND919) is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class indicated for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) with Ki values of 3.9 nM, 2.2 nM, 0.5 nM and 5.1 nM for D2S receptor, D2L receptor, D3 receptor and D4 receptor.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S4933^New	Lithium carbonate Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is an inorganic compound that is valuable and effective agent in the treatment and prophylaxis of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder (BD). Lithium carbonate is able to alter D2 dopamine receptors response.

Catalog No.

Information

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S4933^New

Lithium carbonate

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is an inorganic compound that is valuable and effective agent in the treatment and prophylaxis of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder (BD). Lithium carbonate is able to alter D2 dopamine receptors response.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations
S4732	MPTP hydrochloride MPTP hydrochloride is a dopaminergic neurotoxin and cause selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of parkinsonism. MPTP hydrochloride induces apoptosis.	J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17(1):272 Brain Res Bull, 2020, 164:55-64
S8097	C-DIM12 C-DIM12 is Nurr1 activator that stimulates Nurr1 mediated apoptosis axis in bladder cancer cells and tumors and inhibits NF-κB–dependent gene expression in glial cells.	Front Mol Neurosci, 2020, 23724 Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(3):411
S3188	(+,-)-Octopamine HCl Octopamine (OA), a biogenic monoamine structurally related to noradrenaline, acts as a neurohormone, a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter in invertebrates.

Catalog No.

Information

Product Use Citations

Product Validations

S4732

MPTP hydrochloride

MPTP hydrochloride is a dopaminergic neurotoxin and cause selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of parkinsonism. MPTP hydrochloride induces apoptosis.

J Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17(1):272

Brain Res Bull, 2020, 164:55-64

S8097

C-DIM12

C-DIM12 is Nurr1 activator that stimulates Nurr1 mediated apoptosis axis in bladder cancer cells and tumors and inhibits NF-κB–dependent gene expression in glial cells.

Front Mol Neurosci, 2020, 23724

Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(3):411

S3188

(+,-)-Octopamine HCl

Octopamine (OA), a biogenic monoamine structurally related to noradrenaline, acts as a neurohormone, a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter in invertebrates.

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