EGFR

Mice showed progression disease to first-line treatment were randomized 1:1 to the two arms of treatment and were treated until onset of progression disease or until the end-time of experiment in case of response (fixed to 52 weeks from the start of first-line therapy ), as indicated in in the Materials and Methods section. Growth curves of HCC827 xenografts treated in secondline with osimertinib plus selumetinib or cetuximab are represented as changes in the values of volumes as percentage compared to baseline tumor volume at the time of progression diasease to first-line (defined as 100%) for each case. Median tumor volume at PD2 was of 348 mm³.

Erlotinib IC50 in HCC827 cell lines measured 48h after treatment with vehicle (control) or with erlotinib. Erlotinib IC50 is shown in parentheses. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. Effects of treatment for 48h with a vehicle or the indicated doses of MP-470 in parental or ER1 and ER2 cell lines in the absence and presence of erlotinib on the indicated biomarkers.

c, HCC4006 lung cancer cells that have acquired a high-mesenchymal state concomitant with becoming resistant to gefitinib (red curve) exhibit increased sensitivity to GPX4 inhibition.

Combination of NVP-AEW541 and lapatinib cooperatively inhibits the growth of NVP-AEW541 resistant murine rhabdomyosarcoma primary cell cultures with Igf1r/Her2 complexes. Cell viability assay for Naïve, untreated (U20325; A) and NVP-AEW541 innately resistant mouse rhabdomyosarcoma primary culture (U44676; B) treated with varying concentrations of NVP-AEW541, lapatinib, or a combination of both. Naïve cells (U20325) were sensitive to NVP-AEW541, but lapatinib had no cooperativity. In contrast, NVP-AEW541 at moderate doses increased cell growth in resistant cell cultures (U44676). However, this paradoxical effect was reduced by the addition of lapatinib, although lapatinib treatment alone had very little effect. C, the NVP-AEW541 resistant primary tumor cell line (U44676) was treated with DMSO, 5 μmol/L lapatinib, 5 μmol/L NVP-AEW541, and a combination of 5 μmol/L NVP-AEW541+lapatinib for 25 minutes and Western blot analysis was done on lysates for p-Igf1r and p-Her2.

Immunoblot analysis of serum starved H2030 cells pre-treated with 500 nM or 1 µM of gefitinib, crizotinib, CP-724714, or afatinib for 12 hr, followed by stimulation with EGF, HGF, NRG1, or their combination (50 ng/ml) for 10 min.

HER2 mutations V777L, D769H, V842I, G309A induce gain-of-function over HER2 WT in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. B, HER2 WT, L755S, and del.755–759 cells were grown in Matrigel in the presence of DMSO vehicle (0.5%), neratinib (0.5  μmol/L) or gefitinib (0.5  μmol/L). Phase contrast images were obtained as in A. C,  MCF10A-HER2 WT or mutants were seeded in soft agar. After 7 days of growth, they were treated with DMSO vehicle (0.5%), lapatinib (0.5 μmol/L) or neratinib (0.5 μmol/L) for an additional week. Error bars represent 95% highest posterior density intervals. *, Significant difference between the HER2 mutant and HER2 WT; #, the effect of inhibitor treatment was significant (95% highest posterior density interval did not contain 0 for both).  D, photomicrographs of the colonies in soft agar on day 12, magnification ×40. 

Sensitivity to the ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitor lapatinib is highest for cancer cells from late-stage tumors in culture (mean ± SEM, p = 0.04 or 0.02 as indicated, Student’s t test; values represent the averages of four experiments, each done in triplicate with primary cells from independent mice).

Increased expression of VEGF and p-STAT3 induced by CXCL1 was blocked by either AG490 or SB225022 in AGS cells.

For MTT assays, cells (2,000 ~ 5,000 cells/well) were subcultured into 96-well plates according to their growth properties. Cell proliferation was assayed at 72 hr after treatment of CP-724714 by adding 20 μl of 5 mg/ml 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution per 100 μl of growth medium. After incubating for 3-4 h at 37°C, the media were removed and 150 µl/well of MTT solvent (either absolute DMSO or isopropanol containing 4 μM HCl and 0.1% Nonidet-40) was added to dissolve the formazan.

Antitum o r activity of WZ4002 and/or E7050 in mouse xenograft models of human tumors. SCID mice-bearing PC-9/Vec (A), PC-9/HGF#5 (B), H1975 (C), or HCC827ER (D) tumors were administered 25 mg/kg WZ4002 and/or E7050 once daily for 14 to 21 days. Tumor volume was measured using calipers on the indicated days. Mean?SE tumor volumes are shown for groups of 4 to 5 mice.

Western blot analysis confirm suppression of the biomarker p-EGFR upon treatment with EGFR TKIs in U-CH1 and UM-Chor1. Cells were serum-starved overnight before they were treated with a range of concentrations of the EGFR inhibitors for 4 h and then EGF-spiked (50 ng/ml) for 15 min. Endogenous controls (non-serum-starved, non-EGF-spiked), untreated controls (serum-starved, non-EGF-spiked) and vehicle controls (serum-starved, treated with 2.5% DMSO, EGF-spiked) were included. Phospho-EGFR was measured by western blot.

(a) Decay-corrected microPET/CT scan of MDA-MB-231 tumor bearing mice (n = 4) at 2, 4, and 24 h after i.v. injection of [64Cu]7. The image obtained with coinjection of CUDC-101 (20 mg/kg body weight) is shown for a 24 h blockade. Tumors are indicated by arrows. (b) Decay-corrected region-of interest (ROI) analysis on microPET images of the tumor uptake of [64Cu]7 with or without coinjection of CUDC-101 (20 mg/kg body weight). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.

A549 cells were treated with G15 (a specific antagonist of GPR30, 1 uM), AG1478 (a potent antagonist of EGFR, 10 uM), BPA (10^-5 M) alone for 15 min or BPA after a 90-min pretreatment with G15 or AG1478 for 15 min. Then the expression of p-ERK1/2 and total ERK1/2 were measured by western blot analysis.

B. Increased of cell migration induced by EGF is inhibited by a selective ATP competitive inhibitor of EGFR (PD153035). Histograms showing HCT-116 cell migration with or without treatment by EGF +/− PD153035. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. ***p<0.001, sample significantly different from control (N=3, n=7, Kruskal-Wallis test).

IGF-1 and IL-1β mediated induction of Bcl-2 expression involves EGFR.   (A)  Bcl-2 mRNA levels in AALEBs treated with IGF-1 or IL-1β in the presence or absence of two EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EKB-569 (1 μM) or PD153035 (1 μM). 

 

EGFR-SGLT1 interaction is irresponsive to modulators of EGFR’s tyrosine kinase. A: Immunoprecipitation coupled Western blot analysis ofinteractionsbetween EGFR-HA and SGLT1-FlaginHEK293 cells treatedwith EGF or AEE788. EGFR, total EGFR; pEGFR, phosphorylated EGFR; IP, immunoprecipitation; IB, immunoblot. Input, expression levels of indicated exogenous proteinsin HEK293 whole celllysates used for the IP.

Several ALK inhibitors effectively inhibit the growth of CD74–ROS1–addicted Ba/F3 cells. A, Ba/F3 cells expressing CD74–ROS1 (clone #6) were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with the indicated concentration of crizotinib, ceritinib, AP26113, ASP3026, or alectinib for 72 hours. Cell viability was analyzed using the CellTiter-Glo Assay. B, IC50 values (nmol/L) of Ba/F3 cell lines expressing CD74–ROS1 (clone #6) against various ALK inhibitors are shown. Average IC50 values against crizotinib, ceritinib, or AP26113 were calculated from the three independent experiments. IC50 values against ASP3026 and alectinib were calculated from the single experiment. C, inhibition of phospho-ROS1 by various ALK inhibitors in Ba/F3 models. CD74–ROS1–expressing Ba/F3 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of crizotinib, ceritinib, AP26113, ASP3026, or alectinib for 3 hours. Cell lysates were immunoblotted to detect the indicated proteins.

Mean plasma concentration vs. time after single-dose oral administration of  CCB and ERT in six Wistar rats.

T47D cells were pretreated with 100ng/ml EGF for 20 min and then treated with the indicated concentrations of  WZ3146 for 24 hours.

 

confluent 10cm plates, 24hour FBS starvation,  then treatment with compounds at 10nM for 30mins, followed by 5 minutes of 0.05ug/ml of EGF.  Pellet was sonicated (setting 5, 5 seconds, twice), then quenched with 2XGSB.  Loaded 10ul on AnyKD BioRad gel (20mins at 250V), transfered with BioRad Turbo system for 15 minutes (1.5A, 25V).  Blocked with 5% milk for 1 hour at RT.  Rocked overnight at 1:1000 in 5% BSA with primary Abs; Anti-rabbit secondary Ab at 1:2000 in 5% milk for 1 hour, developed with Thermo Femto Kit.

After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of WZ8040 for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF.

Reversal effect of AST-1306 on the sensitivity of NCI-H460/MX20 cells to mitoxantrone. The figure showes the survival curves of cells at different concentrations of mitoxantrone with or without AST-1306. Cell viability was determined by MTT Assay. NCI-H460 is lung cancer cell line while NCI-H460/MX20 is ABCG2 overexpressing drug (mitoxantrone) selected cell line.

Immunohistochemical studies reveal the tumor cells to be negative for chromogranin and synaptophysin pre-rociletinib and positive for both neuroendocrine markers in the post-rociletinib liver biopsy. The results, in conjunction with the morphology, are consistent with the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma in the rociletinib-resistant specimen. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.

Icotinib reduced PD-L1 protein expression in H1975 cells. Cells were either left untreated or treated with Icotinib (1 μM or 0.1 μM) for 24 h. Cells were collected and PD-L1 expression was determined by western blotting. GAPDH was used as an internal control.

The protein expressions of p-Stat3/Stat3, Wnt 3a, Notch 1, and the activation of the Wnt and Notch pathways (Cyclin D1 and Hes 1) were assessed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The Western blotting results were normalized to β-actin or Histone 4 as the control. Cells were pretreated with WHI-P154 (2 μM) 2 h before adding IL-23 (50 ng/mL). IL-23 treatment (50 ng/mL, 24 h) activated Wnt/Notch signaling and the persistent phosphorylation level of Stat3 was maintained up to 24 h in TE-1 cells (left panel). Relative mRNA level of Cyclin D1 and Hes 1 were detected by RT-PCR in TE-1 cells (right panel). Compiled data were produced from three independent experiments. **p < 0.01.

C57/BL6 mice (5 mice/group) were intraperitoneally injected with daphnetin (DFN, 5 mg/kg) or DMSO, and then challenged with LPS (37.5 mg/kg) or saline. 16 h after LPS challenge, mice were sacrificed, and then lung and serum were collected. c, Representative photomicrographs showed H&E staining of lung tissue.

(B) Immunohistochemical staining for α-actinin and EdU showed that EGFR inhibitor (PD-168393), JNK inhibitor (sp-600125), and SP-1 inhibitor (mithramycin A) could abolish the effect of TIMP-3 siRNA in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. n=3 per group for Western blot. At least 2000 cells were quantified in each group. Data are shown as mean±SEM and reflect at least three independent experiments. Scale bar: 100 μm. *, P<0.05, ***, P<0.001 versus respective control.

d) Western blots for phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MET, cleaved PARP as an apoptotic marker, and b-actin in HCC827 and their resistant clones. Total cell lysates were extracted 24 h after exposure of DMSO, 0.5 μM erlotinib, 0.5 μM CNX-2006, PHA-665752 and their combinations.

(C,D) The Ba/F3 cells expressing EGFR-T854A/C797S/del19 (C) and EGFR-T854A/C797S/L858R (D) were treated with gefitinib, afatinib, osimertinib, and brigatinib for 6 hours at indicated concentrations. EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signal pathway were evaluated by Western blotting.

C, EGFR L718Q and L844V Ba/F3 cells retain sensitivity to irreversible quinazoline EGFR inhibitors. Cells were treated with different drugs at the indicated concentrations, and viable cells were measured after 72 hours of treatment and plotted relative to untreated controls. For Western blot analysis, 3T3 cells expressing the respective constructs were treated with different drugs at indicated concentrations for 16 hours. Cell extracts were immunoblotted to detect the indicated proteins. D, EGFR Del 1/L718Q Ba/F3 cells have a growth disadvantage. Equal number of cells was seeded in the presence of or absence of EGF or IL3. Cell number was evaluated in triplicate at the indicated time points.

(a) Huh7 cells were incubated with HCVcc of JFH-1 for 2 h before overlaying with 1% agarose dissolved in culture medium or with AR3A anti-E2 neutralizing antibodies, in the presence of 20 μg/ml SZA. EGCG (50 μM) was introduced as a positive control. At 48 h post-infection, infected cells were quantified by IF. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. (b) Numbers of cells per positive colony were determined in 15 foci.

Erlotinib IC50 in HCC827 cell lines measured 48h after treatment with vehicle (control) or with erlotinib. Erlotinib IC50 is shown in parentheses. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. Effects of treatment for 48h with a vehicle or the indicated doses of MP-470 in parental or ER1 and ER2 cell lines in the absence and presence of erlotinib on the indicated biomarkers.

(F) Stably transduced MCF10A cells were treated with the indicated drugs at 100 nM for 4 h in EGF- and serum-free media. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analyses with the indicated antibodies.

Immunoblotting analysis of H3122 and H3122-CER cells showing that brigatinib did not inhibit EGFR phosphorylation (p-EGFR). Total EGFR (t-EGFR) is also shown. Actin was used as a loading control. The cells were treated with brigatinib for 2 hours.

After starved in serum-free medium for 24h, A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Chrysophanic acid for 3h,followed by 15-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF

Mice showed progression disease to first-line treatment were randomized 1:1 to the two arms of treatment and were treated until onset of progression disease or until the end-time of experiment in case of response (fixed to 52 weeks from the start of first-line therapy ), as indicated in in the Materials and Methods section. Growth curves of HCC827 xenografts treated in secondline with osimertinib plus selumetinib or cetuximab are represented as changes in the values of volumes as percentage compared to baseline tumor volume at the time of progression diasease to first-line (defined as 100%) for each case. Median tumor volume at PD2 was of 348 mm³.

Erlotinib IC50 in HCC827 cell lines measured 48h after treatment with vehicle (control) or with erlotinib. Erlotinib IC50 is shown in parentheses. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. Effects of treatment for 48h with a vehicle or the indicated doses of MP-470 in parental or ER1 and ER2 cell lines in the absence and presence of erlotinib on the indicated biomarkers.

c, HCC4006 lung cancer cells that have acquired a high-mesenchymal state concomitant with becoming resistant to gefitinib (red curve) exhibit increased sensitivity to GPX4 inhibition.

Combination of NVP-AEW541 and lapatinib cooperatively inhibits the growth of NVP-AEW541 resistant murine rhabdomyosarcoma primary cell cultures with Igf1r/Her2 complexes. Cell viability assay for Naïve, untreated (U20325; A) and NVP-AEW541 innately resistant mouse rhabdomyosarcoma primary culture (U44676; B) treated with varying concentrations of NVP-AEW541, lapatinib, or a combination of both. Naïve cells (U20325) were sensitive to NVP-AEW541, but lapatinib had no cooperativity. In contrast, NVP-AEW541 at moderate doses increased cell growth in resistant cell cultures (U44676). However, this paradoxical effect was reduced by the addition of lapatinib, although lapatinib treatment alone had very little effect. C, the NVP-AEW541 resistant primary tumor cell line (U44676) was treated with DMSO, 5 μmol/L lapatinib, 5 μmol/L NVP-AEW541, and a combination of 5 μmol/L NVP-AEW541+lapatinib for 25 minutes and Western blot analysis was done on lysates for p-Igf1r and p-Her2.

Immunoblot analysis of serum starved H2030 cells pre-treated with 500 nM or 1 µM of gefitinib, crizotinib, CP-724714, or afatinib for 12 hr, followed by stimulation with EGF, HGF, NRG1, or their combination (50 ng/ml) for 10 min.

HER2 mutations V777L, D769H, V842I, G309A induce gain-of-function over HER2 WT in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. B, HER2 WT, L755S, and del.755–759 cells were grown in Matrigel in the presence of DMSO vehicle (0.5%), neratinib (0.5  μmol/L) or gefitinib (0.5  μmol/L). Phase contrast images were obtained as in A. C,  MCF10A-HER2 WT or mutants were seeded in soft agar. After 7 days of growth, they were treated with DMSO vehicle (0.5%), lapatinib (0.5 μmol/L) or neratinib (0.5 μmol/L) for an additional week. Error bars represent 95% highest posterior density intervals. *, Significant difference between the HER2 mutant and HER2 WT; #, the effect of inhibitor treatment was significant (95% highest posterior density interval did not contain 0 for both).  D, photomicrographs of the colonies in soft agar on day 12, magnification ×40. 

Sensitivity to the ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitor lapatinib is highest for cancer cells from late-stage tumors in culture (mean ± SEM, p = 0.04 or 0.02 as indicated, Student’s t test; values represent the averages of four experiments, each done in triplicate with primary cells from independent mice).

Increased expression of VEGF and p-STAT3 induced by CXCL1 was blocked by either AG490 or SB225022 in AGS cells.

For MTT assays, cells (2,000 ~ 5,000 cells/well) were subcultured into 96-well plates according to their growth properties. Cell proliferation was assayed at 72 hr after treatment of CP-724714 by adding 20 μl of 5 mg/ml 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution per 100 μl of growth medium. After incubating for 3-4 h at 37°C, the media were removed and 150 µl/well of MTT solvent (either absolute DMSO or isopropanol containing 4 μM HCl and 0.1% Nonidet-40) was added to dissolve the formazan.

Antitum o r activity of WZ4002 and/or E7050 in mouse xenograft models of human tumors. SCID mice-bearing PC-9/Vec (A), PC-9/HGF#5 (B), H1975 (C), or HCC827ER (D) tumors were administered 25 mg/kg WZ4002 and/or E7050 once daily for 14 to 21 days. Tumor volume was measured using calipers on the indicated days. Mean?SE tumor volumes are shown for groups of 4 to 5 mice.

Western blot analysis confirm suppression of the biomarker p-EGFR upon treatment with EGFR TKIs in U-CH1 and UM-Chor1. Cells were serum-starved overnight before they were treated with a range of concentrations of the EGFR inhibitors for 4 h and then EGF-spiked (50 ng/ml) for 15 min. Endogenous controls (non-serum-starved, non-EGF-spiked), untreated controls (serum-starved, non-EGF-spiked) and vehicle controls (serum-starved, treated with 2.5% DMSO, EGF-spiked) were included. Phospho-EGFR was measured by western blot.

(a) Decay-corrected microPET/CT scan of MDA-MB-231 tumor bearing mice (n = 4) at 2, 4, and 24 h after i.v. injection of [64Cu]7. The image obtained with coinjection of CUDC-101 (20 mg/kg body weight) is shown for a 24 h blockade. Tumors are indicated by arrows. (b) Decay-corrected region-of interest (ROI) analysis on microPET images of the tumor uptake of [64Cu]7 with or without coinjection of CUDC-101 (20 mg/kg body weight). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.

A549 cells were treated with G15 (a specific antagonist of GPR30, 1 uM), AG1478 (a potent antagonist of EGFR, 10 uM), BPA (10^-5 M) alone for 15 min or BPA after a 90-min pretreatment with G15 or AG1478 for 15 min. Then the expression of p-ERK1/2 and total ERK1/2 were measured by western blot analysis.

B. Increased of cell migration induced by EGF is inhibited by a selective ATP competitive inhibitor of EGFR (PD153035). Histograms showing HCT-116 cell migration with or without treatment by EGF +/− PD153035. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. ***p<0.001, sample significantly different from control (N=3, n=7, Kruskal-Wallis test).

IGF-1 and IL-1β mediated induction of Bcl-2 expression involves EGFR.   (A)  Bcl-2 mRNA levels in AALEBs treated with IGF-1 or IL-1β in the presence or absence of two EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EKB-569 (1 μM) or PD153035 (1 μM). 

 

EGFR-SGLT1 interaction is irresponsive to modulators of EGFR’s tyrosine kinase. A: Immunoprecipitation coupled Western blot analysis ofinteractionsbetween EGFR-HA and SGLT1-FlaginHEK293 cells treatedwith EGF or AEE788. EGFR, total EGFR; pEGFR, phosphorylated EGFR; IP, immunoprecipitation; IB, immunoblot. Input, expression levels of indicated exogenous proteinsin HEK293 whole celllysates used for the IP.

Several ALK inhibitors effectively inhibit the growth of CD74–ROS1–addicted Ba/F3 cells. A, Ba/F3 cells expressing CD74–ROS1 (clone #6) were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with the indicated concentration of crizotinib, ceritinib, AP26113, ASP3026, or alectinib for 72 hours. Cell viability was analyzed using the CellTiter-Glo Assay. B, IC50 values (nmol/L) of Ba/F3 cell lines expressing CD74–ROS1 (clone #6) against various ALK inhibitors are shown. Average IC50 values against crizotinib, ceritinib, or AP26113 were calculated from the three independent experiments. IC50 values against ASP3026 and alectinib were calculated from the single experiment. C, inhibition of phospho-ROS1 by various ALK inhibitors in Ba/F3 models. CD74–ROS1–expressing Ba/F3 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of crizotinib, ceritinib, AP26113, ASP3026, or alectinib for 3 hours. Cell lysates were immunoblotted to detect the indicated proteins.

Mean plasma concentration vs. time after single-dose oral administration of  CCB and ERT in six Wistar rats.

T47D cells were pretreated with 100ng/ml EGF for 20 min and then treated with the indicated concentrations of  WZ3146 for 24 hours.

 

confluent 10cm plates, 24hour FBS starvation,  then treatment with compounds at 10nM for 30mins, followed by 5 minutes of 0.05ug/ml of EGF.  Pellet was sonicated (setting 5, 5 seconds, twice), then quenched with 2XGSB.  Loaded 10ul on AnyKD BioRad gel (20mins at 250V), transfered with BioRad Turbo system for 15 minutes (1.5A, 25V).  Blocked with 5% milk for 1 hour at RT.  Rocked overnight at 1:1000 in 5% BSA with primary Abs; Anti-rabbit secondary Ab at 1:2000 in 5% milk for 1 hour, developed with Thermo Femto Kit.

After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of WZ8040 for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF.

Reversal effect of AST-1306 on the sensitivity of NCI-H460/MX20 cells to mitoxantrone. The figure showes the survival curves of cells at different concentrations of mitoxantrone with or without AST-1306. Cell viability was determined by MTT Assay. NCI-H460 is lung cancer cell line while NCI-H460/MX20 is ABCG2 overexpressing drug (mitoxantrone) selected cell line.

Immunohistochemical studies reveal the tumor cells to be negative for chromogranin and synaptophysin pre-rociletinib and positive for both neuroendocrine markers in the post-rociletinib liver biopsy. The results, in conjunction with the morphology, are consistent with the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma in the rociletinib-resistant specimen. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.

Icotinib reduced PD-L1 protein expression in H1975 cells. Cells were either left untreated or treated with Icotinib (1 μM or 0.1 μM) for 24 h. Cells were collected and PD-L1 expression was determined by western blotting. GAPDH was used as an internal control.

The protein expressions of p-Stat3/Stat3, Wnt 3a, Notch 1, and the activation of the Wnt and Notch pathways (Cyclin D1 and Hes 1) were assessed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The Western blotting results were normalized to β-actin or Histone 4 as the control. Cells were pretreated with WHI-P154 (2 μM) 2 h before adding IL-23 (50 ng/mL). IL-23 treatment (50 ng/mL, 24 h) activated Wnt/Notch signaling and the persistent phosphorylation level of Stat3 was maintained up to 24 h in TE-1 cells (left panel). Relative mRNA level of Cyclin D1 and Hes 1 were detected by RT-PCR in TE-1 cells (right panel). Compiled data were produced from three independent experiments. **p < 0.01.

C57/BL6 mice (5 mice/group) were intraperitoneally injected with daphnetin (DFN, 5 mg/kg) or DMSO, and then challenged with LPS (37.5 mg/kg) or saline. 16 h after LPS challenge, mice were sacrificed, and then lung and serum were collected. c, Representative photomicrographs showed H&E staining of lung tissue.

(B) Immunohistochemical staining for α-actinin and EdU showed that EGFR inhibitor (PD-168393), JNK inhibitor (sp-600125), and SP-1 inhibitor (mithramycin A) could abolish the effect of TIMP-3 siRNA in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. n=3 per group for Western blot. At least 2000 cells were quantified in each group. Data are shown as mean±SEM and reflect at least three independent experiments. Scale bar: 100 μm. *, P<0.05, ***, P<0.001 versus respective control.

d) Western blots for phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MET, cleaved PARP as an apoptotic marker, and b-actin in HCC827 and their resistant clones. Total cell lysates were extracted 24 h after exposure of DMSO, 0.5 μM erlotinib, 0.5 μM CNX-2006, PHA-665752 and their combinations.

(C,D) The Ba/F3 cells expressing EGFR-T854A/C797S/del19 (C) and EGFR-T854A/C797S/L858R (D) were treated with gefitinib, afatinib, osimertinib, and brigatinib for 6 hours at indicated concentrations. EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signal pathway were evaluated by Western blotting.

C, EGFR L718Q and L844V Ba/F3 cells retain sensitivity to irreversible quinazoline EGFR inhibitors. Cells were treated with different drugs at the indicated concentrations, and viable cells were measured after 72 hours of treatment and plotted relative to untreated controls. For Western blot analysis, 3T3 cells expressing the respective constructs were treated with different drugs at indicated concentrations for 16 hours. Cell extracts were immunoblotted to detect the indicated proteins. D, EGFR Del 1/L718Q Ba/F3 cells have a growth disadvantage. Equal number of cells was seeded in the presence of or absence of EGF or IL3. Cell number was evaluated in triplicate at the indicated time points.

(a) Huh7 cells were incubated with HCVcc of JFH-1 for 2 h before overlaying with 1% agarose dissolved in culture medium or with AR3A anti-E2 neutralizing antibodies, in the presence of 20 μg/ml SZA. EGCG (50 μM) was introduced as a positive control. At 48 h post-infection, infected cells were quantified by IF. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. (b) Numbers of cells per positive colony were determined in 15 foci.

Erlotinib IC50 in HCC827 cell lines measured 48h after treatment with vehicle (control) or with erlotinib. Erlotinib IC50 is shown in parentheses. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. Effects of treatment for 48h with a vehicle or the indicated doses of MP-470 in parental or ER1 and ER2 cell lines in the absence and presence of erlotinib on the indicated biomarkers.

(F) Stably transduced MCF10A cells were treated with the indicated drugs at 100 nM for 4 h in EGF- and serum-free media. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analyses with the indicated antibodies.

Immunoblotting analysis of H3122 and H3122-CER cells showing that brigatinib did not inhibit EGFR phosphorylation (p-EGFR). Total EGFR (t-EGFR) is also shown. Actin was used as a loading control. The cells were treated with brigatinib for 2 hours.

After starved in serum-free medium for 24h, A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Chrysophanic acid for 3h,followed by 15-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF