3-Methyladenine (3-MA)
For research use only.
Catalog No.S2767 Synonyms: NSC 66389
456 publications
Molecular Weight(MW): 149.15
3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a selective PI3K inhibitor for Vps34 and PI3Kγ with IC50 of 25 μM and 60 μM in HeLa cells; blocks class I PI3K consistently, whereas suppression of class III PI3K is transient, and also blocks autophagosome formation. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is successfully used to suppress mitophagy. Solutions of 3-MA are best fresh-prepared by heating.
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Biological Activity
| Description | 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a selective PI3K inhibitor for Vps34 and PI3Kγ with IC50 of 25 μM and 60 μM in HeLa cells; blocks class I PI3K consistently, whereas suppression of class III PI3K is transient, and also blocks autophagosome formation. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is successfully used to suppress mitophagy. Solutions of 3-MA are best fresh-prepared by heating. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| In vitro |
The slight preference for Vps34 prevention by 3-Methyladenine probably arises from a hydrophobic ring specific to Vps34, which encircles the 3-methyl group of 3-Methyladenine. [1] 3-Methyladenine has been reported to cause cancer cell death under both normal and starvation conditions. 3-Methyladenine could also suppress cell migration and invasion independently of its ability to inhibit autophagy, implying that 3-Methyladenine possesses functions other than autophagy suppression. 3-Methyladenine elicits caspase-dependent cell death that is independent of autophagy inhibition. Treatment with 5 mM 3-Methyladenine reduces the percentage of glucose-starved HeLa cells displaying GFP-LC3 puncta to 23%. The levels of LC3-I are increasing and the levels of LC3-II are decreasing between 12 and 48 hours in cells that are treated with 3-Methyladenine. Conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II is suppressed by 3-Methyladenine. Treatment of HeLa cells with 3-Methyladenine at 2.5 mM or 5 mM for one day does not affect cell viability, whereas treatment with 10 mM 3-Methyladenine for one day causes a 25.0% decrease in cell viability. Treatment of cells with 2.5, 5 or 10 mM 3-Methyladenine for two days causes 11.5%, 38.0% and 79.4% decrease in viability, respectively. 3-Methyladenine decreases cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. 3-Methyladenine significantly shortens the duration of nocodazole-induced-prometaphase arrest. [2] Suppression of autophagy by 3-Methyladenine inhibits SU11274-induced cell death. [3] Prolonged treatment with 3-Methyladenine (up to 9 hours) induces significant LC3 I to II conversion in wild type MEFs. Prolonged treatment with 3-Methyladenine, but not wortmannin, markedly increases GFP-LC3 punctuation/aggregation. 3-Methyladenine-induced LC3 conversion and free GFP liberation are ATG7-dependent. 3-Methyladenine treatment leads to evident increase of p62 protein level. 3-Methyladenine increases the p62 level even in Atg5−/− MEFs as well as in cells with DOX-mediated deletion of ATG5. 3-Methyladenine inhibits class I and class III PI3K in different temporal patterns. 3-Methyladenine-induced LC3 I to LC3 II conversion is dramatically compromised in Tsc2−/− cells compared with wild type cells.3-Methyladenine disrupts the anti-autophagic function of mTOR complex 1. [4] |
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| In vivo | 3-Methyladenine blocks autophagy through its effect on class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). 3-Methyladenine treatment does not alter the degree of hemorrhage compared with the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) group. 3-Methyladenine pretreatment significantly aggravates neurological symptoms when compared with the SAH + vehicle group. Autophagy is decreased when 3-Methyladenine treatment is applied. Conversely, cleaved caspase-3 is markedly up-regulated in the SAH + 3-Methyladenine group. In line with the up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the right cortex is significantly increased in the SAH + 3-Methyladenine group compared with the SAH + vehicle group. [5] |
Protocol
| Kinase Assay:[4] |
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Protein degradation assay: HeLa cells are radiolabeled for 24 hours with 0.05 mCi/mL l-[U- 14C]valine. At the end of the labeling period, cells are rinsed three times with PBS. Cells are incubated for the designated times in either full medium or EBSS with or without the presence of 10 mM 3-Methyladenine. |
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| Cell Research:[2] |
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| Animal Research:[5] |
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Solubility (25°C)
| In vitro | Water | 10 mg/mL warmed (67.04 mM) |
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| DMSO | 3 mg/mL warmed (20.11 mM) | |
| Ethanol | '4 mg/mL |
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
Chemical Information
| Molecular Weight | 149.15 |
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| Formula | C6H7N5 |
| CAS No. | 5142-23-4 |
| Storage |
powder in solvent |
| Synonyms | NSC 66389 |
| Smiles | C[N]1C=NC(=C2N=CN=C12)N |
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
| Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment) | ||||||||||
| Dosage | mg/kg |  |
Average weight of animals | g | |
Dosing volume per animal | ul | |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % ddH2O | ||||||||||
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Calculation results:
Working concentration： mg/ml；
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL，)
Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Question 1:
I'm also wondering whether it can be dissolved in water,or maybe something like culture medium,normal saline solution to form 10mM solution
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Answer:
As the reference (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal. pone.0035665), 3-MA, which was found to inhibit autophagy at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mM was directly dissolved into the culture medium at the indicated concentrations. And we tested the solubility of S2767, and found the solubility of 3-MA in DMEM is 31 mg/mL at about 40°C.
