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3-Methyladenine (3-MA)

Name: 3-Methyladenine (3-MA)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S2767
Rating: 5 (657 reviews)

Catalog No.S2767 Synonyms: NSC 66389

For research use only.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA, NSC 66389) is a selective PI3K inhibitor for Vps34 and PI3Kγ with IC50 of 25 μM and 60 μM in HeLa cells; blocks class I PI3K consistently, whereas suppression of class III PI3K is transient, and also blocks autophagosome formation. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is successfully used to suppress mitophagy. Solutions of 3-MA are best fresh-prepared by heating.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA) Chemical Structure

CAS No. 5142-23-4

Selleck's 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) has been cited by 657 publications

Purity & Quality Control

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PI3K Signaling Pathway Map

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

Vps34 ^[1] (HeLa cells)	PI3Kγ ^[1] (HeLa cells)
25 μM	60 μM

In vitro

The slight preference for Vps34 prevention by 3-Methyladenine probably arises from a hydrophobic ring specific to Vps34, which encircles the 3-methyl group of 3-Methyladenine. ^[1] 3-Methyladenine has been reported to cause cancer cell death under both normal and starvation conditions. 3-Methyladenine could also suppress cell migration and invasion independently of its ability to inhibit autophagy, implying that 3-Methyladenine possesses functions other than autophagy suppression. 3-Methyladenine elicits caspase-dependent cell death that is independent of autophagy inhibition. Treatment with 5 mM 3-Methyladenine reduces the percentage of glucose-starved HeLa cells displaying GFP-LC3 puncta to 23%. The levels of LC3-I are increasing and the levels of LC3-II are decreasing between 12 and 48 hours in cells that are treated with 3-Methyladenine. Conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II is suppressed by 3-Methyladenine. Treatment of HeLa cells with 3-Methyladenine at 2.5 mM or 5 mM for one day does not affect cell viability, whereas treatment with 10 mM 3-Methyladenine for one day causes a 25.0% decrease in cell viability. Treatment of cells with 2.5, 5 or 10 mM 3-Methyladenine for two days causes 11.5%, 38.0% and 79.4% decrease in viability, respectively. 3-Methyladenine decreases cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. 3-Methyladenine significantly shortens the duration of nocodazole-induced-prometaphase arrest. ^[2] Suppression of autophagy by 3-Methyladenine inhibits SU11274-induced cell death. ^[3] Prolonged treatment with 3-Methyladenine (up to 9 hours) induces significant LC3 I to II conversion in wild type MEFs. Prolonged treatment with 3-Methyladenine, but not wortmannin, markedly increases GFP-LC3 punctuation/aggregation. 3-Methyladenine-induced LC3 conversion and free GFP liberation are ATG7-dependent. 3-Methyladenine treatment leads to evident increase of p62 protein level. 3-Methyladenine increases the p62 level even in Atg5−/− MEFs as well as in cells with DOX-mediated deletion of ATG5. 3-Methyladenine inhibits class I and class III PI3K in different temporal patterns. 3-Methyladenine-induced LC3 I to LC3 II conversion is dramatically compromised in Tsc2−/− cells compared with wild type cells.3-Methyladenine disrupts the anti-autophagic function of mTOR complex 1. ^[4]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID

K562	MWjGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M2iyfVExdU1?	Mnv3NYg>		NHHndGVl\WO{ZXHz[ZMhfGinIHX4dJJme3Orb36gc4YhVEN\|LVnJJIFv\CC2aHWg[o9zdWG2aX;uJI9nKGG3dH;wbIFod3OxbXXz	M4TPNVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJzOE[0NFM4Lz5{MUi2OFA{PzxxYU6=
Jurkat	M1HBbWZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NVToVFZFOTCvTR?=	Mn\RNYg>		NWDFXG1H\GWlcnXhd4V{KHSqZTDlfJBz\XO\|aX;uJI9nKEyFMz3JTUBidmRidHjlJIZwem2jdHnvckBw\iCjdYTvdIhi\2:\|b33ldy=>	NFXrfIQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MUi2OFA{Pyd-MkG4OlQxOzd:L3G+
HeLa	M1rKPGN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCDc4PhfS=>	NUjvWo9HOm2P	NIK0TVQzPGh?		NHq1WHlqdmirYnn0[ZMhfGinIHP5eI91d3irY3n0fUBw\iC\|aXzpZolvcW5idH:gTIVN[SClZXzsd{4>	M2jScVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJzOEe1N\|g2Lz5{MUi3OVM5PTxxYU6=
PC12/TetOn	M1n3U2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MXKwMlEwOW2P	MlHQNVhp		MmmxcIVi\HNidH:g{tEue3mwKGfULUBi[2O3bYXsZZRqd25uIITvfIlkcXS7LDDhcoQhd2yrZ3;t[ZIh\m:{bXH0bY9vyqB?	NF;YPFQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MUmwOlY2QSd-MkG5NFY3PTl:L3G+
RMPI8226	MnzZSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	M4LzblVuVQ>?	M1PIR\|Fp		MYHzeZBxemW\|c3XzJJRp\SCuZY\lcEBw\iCjdYTvdIhi\3lidX7k[ZIhdnW2cnnlcpQh\GWybHX0bY9v	NVnOPW1xRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkG5NVU3OjBpPkKxPVE2PjJyPD;hQi=>
MCF-7	MWTGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M{TOTVExdU1?	M4PLPFQ5cA>?		NUnV[3V3[myxY3vzJIF2fG:yaHHnfUBqdmS3Y3XkJIJ6KGKxcoTlfo9ucWJ?	M1fGWFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJzOUOxPVM4Lz5{MUmzNVk{PzxxYU6=
HBx	M1mySWFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NXnvV\|FIOTCvTR?=	NFS2OII1QGh?	M33MbWROW09?	NUDtV44{cW6lcnXhd4V{KGOnbHyg[IVifGh?	NGDx[4k9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MkCyNFA4QCd-MkKwNlAxPzh:L3G+
Marc-145	MlzoSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MYi1cW0>	NU\VTIVkOTJxMkSvN\|Zp		M{fGPZJm\HWlZYOgeIhmKFCUUmPWJJRqfGW{czDhcoQhfGinIIDyc5RmcW5iZYjwdoV{e2mxbh?=	M2r1U\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{MUG5PVAxLz5{MkGxPVkxODxxYU6=
U937	M{i2[mZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M2X5UlJuVQ>?	MmGzNVJp		NULDdXVG\GWlcnXhd4V{KHSqZTDheZRweGijZ4mgdoF1cW0EoB?=	NXjhcJdlRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKxOVUyPTBpPkKyNVU2OTVyPD;hQi=>
BGC-823	MX\GeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MYS1cW0>	MoXLNog>		NWX0TJpEcW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIILheIUhd2ZiYYX0c5Bp[WerYzDj[Yxtew>?	NXXteohHRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKzNlIyPTJpPkKyN\|IzOTV{PD;hQi=>
A549	MVjGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NXy2ZVMyOC5zbV2=	NYKw[5A4OjSq		NHvhdI1{fXCycnXzd4V{KFOXMUGyO\|QucW6mdXPl[EBk\WyuIHTlZZRp	MoXLQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJ2Nk[5OlAoRjJ{NE[2PVYxRC:jPh?=
pDCs	MnTRSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MnTxNVBuVQ>?	NVfLdZV6OC53aB?=		NXu0VZg6yqC{ZXT1Z4V{KHSqZTDpcoR2[3Srb36gc4YhUU[QLd8xJIJ6KHO\|Ul7BOFA>	NFO5bIU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MkO5OlU6QSd-MkKzPVY2QTl:L3G+
HeLa	MnvHRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	MXq1cW0>	MU[yOIg>		NV7R[ZhIcW6mdXPld{Bk[XOyYYPlMYRmeGWwZHXueEBk\WyuIHTlZZRp	M4G2TFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{NUS1NVI5Lz5{MkW0OVEzQDxxYU6=
U251	M4nDPGFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	MomwOY1O	M{TTR\|I1cA>?		MWjpcoNz\WG\|ZYOgV\|EucW6mdXPl[EBk\WyuIHTlZZRp	M2rXNVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{NUe5O\|g5Lz5{MkW3PVc5QDxxYU6=
MCF-7	NWqxdY1KSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	Mn;sNE4ydU1?	NV60VFA6Pmh?		MVnlcohidmOnczDzbZJ1cW6xbD3pcoR2[2WmIHHwc5B1d3Orcx?=	MUW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOjd3MUm4PUc,OjJ5NUG5PFk9N2F-
PC-3	NUe4TZozSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	NG\KUogzdU1?	M2jSWFJp		NXr5U2E5cW6lcnXhd4V{KE:UST3pcoR2[2WmIHPlcIwh\GWjdHi=	M2\N[lxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{N{S1OVgxLz5{Mke0OVU5ODxxYU6=
HCT116	MnntRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	M1jvTFVuVQ>?	NISzc\|gzPGh?	M2rWVGROW09?	M3TnNoVvcGGwY3XzJIFxcWenbnnuMYlv\HWlZXSgZ4VtdCCmZXH0bC=>	MkjHQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR4Mk[1NlIoRjJ2NkK2OVIzRC:jPh?=
U2OS	M4O0[2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MWGxNI1O	MYqyOIg>		M4H4R4lvfGWwc3nmbYV{KHSqZTDndo94fGhiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDpcoR2[2WmIHL5JGRwgA>?	NYrVZVNPRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS2N\|kxOTNpPkK0OlM6ODF\|PD;hQi=>
A2780cp	NWnIPFBCSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	M3e3VlIvPW2P	MVqxbC=>	NEPDWI5l\Eh{Tx?=	MmHp[Y5p[W6lZYOgZ4l{eGyjdHnuMYlv\HWlZXSgZ4VtdCCmZXH0bC=>	Mly3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR6MUe5OFYoRjJ2OEG3PVQ3RC:jPh?=
HepG2	M33zPWZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M{HwPFVuVQ>?	MVK0bC=>		NYLW[odjcW6lcnXhd4V{KGOnbHz1cIFzKGyndnXsd{Bw\iCKTNMg	MnHqQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR5MUO1PFcoRjJ2N{GzOVg4RC:jPh?=
Microglia	MlW4RZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	NXjnc2p6PW2P	NITnN\|gzPGh?		MXPk[YNz\WG\|ZYOgbJlxd3irYT3pcoR2[2WmIHPlcIwh\GWjdHi=	NGLMUWI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEixPFYxOSd-MkS4NVg3ODF:L3G+
MDA-MB 231	NIjOVnpCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	NEjTdIM2dU1?	MkXqNE42cA>?		MoTlcY9lfWyjdHXzJHRw[2:vaX9CsuKhcW6mdXPl[EBieG:ydH;zbZM>	M1Gwb\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2OEOwO\|gyLz5{NEizNFc5OTxxYU6=
PANC-1	MXzBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	MnjHNY1O	NUP2PGxEPDiq	MYLEUXNQ	M2rlU4VvcGGwY3XzJIJwenSnen;tbYIucW6mdXPl[EBk\WyuII\pZYJqdGm2eTDsc5N{	MmXIQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR6NEKxOVgoRjJ2OESyNVU5RC:jPh?=
MDA-MB-231	M3H5e2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NHO0O2kzdU1?	MUO0PIg>		M4DEdJBzd22xdHXzJHRONWmwZIXj[YQh[2WubDDk[YF1cA>?	M1XaXFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2OUewOlc3Lz5{NEm3NFY4PjxxYU6=
MDA-MB-231	NXnxW2NzTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MWmycW0>	M4i3U\|I1cA>?		NIrjTJpqdmirYnn0d{BifXSxcHjh[5khcW6mdXPl[EBjgSCWTdMg	MljQQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR7N{C2O\|YoRjJ2OUewOlc3RC:jPh?=
MCF-7	MUXGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MoHjNo1O	MVi0PIg>		M{jScpBzd22xdHXzJHRONWmwZIXj[YQh[2WubDDk[YF1cA>?	NUnBZ\|RtRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS5O\|A3PzZpPkK0PVcxPjd4PD;hQi=>
MCF-7	NWjLTFRNTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MYCycW0>	MW[yOIg>		MWrpcohq[mm2czDheZRweGijZ4mgbY5lfWOnZDDifUBVVcLi	NWjEXWNGRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS5O\|A3PzZpPkK0PVcxPjd4PD;hQi=>
HepG2	M3zpdGFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	MYizcW0>	MXG1bC=>		NV\ZUW9SemWmdXPld{Bk\WyuIHHwc5B1d3OrczDpcoR2[2WmIHL5JHFFew>?	NWm5e3RYRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkK4N\|Y2QTVpPkKyPFM3PTl3PD;hQi=>
HeLa	NHGyN4dCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	M{XvblExdU1?	NVn4fmNxOmh?		Mn;o[IVkemWjc3XzJINmdGxidnnhZoltcXS7IHPvMZRz\WG2bXXueEB4cXSqIGDFTS=>	NUjITmliRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOwNFAyOzVpPkKzNFAxOTN3PD;hQi=>
SK-HEP-1	M1vPemFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	MXSxNI1O	NWW1UXZ6OWh?		MWnwdo91\WO2czDh[4FqdnO2IHH1eI9xcGGpeTDhcoQhcW6mdXPld{BieG:ydH;zbZMhcW5iYoXmZYxqdi22cnXheIVlKGOnbHzz	M{HkNFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{OEW4OlQ6Lz5{Mki1PFY1QTxxYU6=
MDA-MB231	NFPuOGpHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NGL2dWM2dU1?	NIS5dpgycA>?		M2LMO4lv[3KnYYPld{Bz\XO4ZYLheJJwdC2vZXTpZZRm\CClYYPwZZNmKGGldHn2ZZRqd25iYX7kJINmdGxiZHXheIg>	M1HSXlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|MEi4PFUxLz5{M{C4PFg2ODxxYU6=
PaCa44	Mnm2RZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	MVGyMlVuVQ>?	Ml76NYg>		NIT5c3dz\WS3Y3XzxsBo\W6rcHnuMY1m\GmjdHXkJIFxd3C2b4Ppdy=>	NVvPWIpoRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOxNlQyOTJpPkKzNVI1OTF{PD;hQi=>
T-47D	MkDqSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MYSxNI1O	NH;XdGMzcA>?		MmPQbY5pcWKrdIOgZZV1d3CqYXf5JJBzd2Onc4OgZY5lKGmwY4LlZZNmeyC{YYDhcZlkcW5iaX7keYNm\CCjcH;weI9{cXN?	NH\4SWI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{OwNFAzPid-MkOzNFAxOjZ:L3G+
GTL-16	NFjIdGZCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	M3noclVuVQ>?	NFi4Z44zPGh?		MUfy[YR2[2W\|IHPlcIwhfmmjYnnsbZR6KGG\|IHPvcZBiemWmIITvJINmdGy\|IITy[YF1\WRid3n0bEBOTVRiaX7obYJqfG:{cx?=	MVW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzNzM{S5NEc,OjN\|MUO0PVA9N2F-
U251MG	NYO4OGZDTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NUfafGRXO22P	MnnYNYg>		M4LYT5N2eHC{ZYPz[ZMhVEN\|LVnJJJBzd3SnaX6g[ZhxemW\|c3nvci=>	M1fmOVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|M{O4OlE5Lz5{M{OzPFYyQDxxYU6=
T24	MmjoSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MnrzNVBuVQ>?	MoP0NYg>		MlLwdoVlfWOnczD0bIUh[2ynYY\h[4Uhd2ZiTFOzJIFnfGW{IHLhbYNidGmwIITy[YF1dWWwdB?=	MU[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzN3NEC4NEc,OjN\|NUSwPFA9N2F-
HUVECs	NYDHeYFnTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NX;hSmdDO22P	MUSyOIg>		M3XDWYJtd2OtczD0bIUheHKxdHXjeIl3\SCnZn\lZ5Qhd2ZicnXzeoVz[XS{b3ygZpkhcW6qaXLpeIlv\yCjdYTvdIhi\3l?	NYni[m9CRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOzOVg6OjhpPkKzN\|U5QTJ6PD;hQi=>
MCF-7	M{P0UGZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M3W2SFVuVQ>?	MnviNlRp		M2nSfolvcGmkaYTzJJN1[XK4YYTpc44ucW6mdXPl[EBifXSxcHjh[5k>	NHjGSII9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{O5OVY4QSd-MkOzPVU3Pzl:L3G+
Hela	NWLXXVY{TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M3y2PFVuVQ>?	MXqyOIg>		M3HOcolvcGmkaYTzJJN1[XK4YYTpc44ucW6mdXPl[EBifXSxcHjh[5k>	NUjrVWRMRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOzPVU3PzlpPkKzN\|k2Pjd7PD;hQi=>
OR6	NG\CU\|BHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MlSwNVBuVQ>?	MUO3Nog>		M2jGb5N2eHC{ZYPz[ZMhUEOYIILldIxq[2G2aX;uJIFv\CCob4LtZZRqd25ib3[gZZV1d3CqYXfvd49u\XN?	M4f5SFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|M{m1PFc2Lz5{M{O5OVg4PTxxYU6=
HT-29	M1XMUmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NWntdld{OW2P	NYG3eHdDPDhxOU\o		NGLZXnlqdmirYnn0d{BCVVCNIHnu[JVk\XNiYYX0c5Bp[WerYzDj[YxtKGSnYYTo	MmjWQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN3MEiyO\|IoRjJ\|NUC4NlczRC:jPh?=
SH-SY5Y	NEjGV4REgXSxdH;4bYNqfHliQYPzZZk>	Mmj3OY1O	NVvvcmc2OjSq		NYfnOZREcW6lcnXhd4V{KFCFTjD0c5hq[2m2eR?=	NEf4UZI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{WyOVI3PSd-MkO1NlUzPjV:L3G+
Saos-2	M3[0e2Fxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	M3LhcFFuVQ>?	M4fzT\|k3cA>?		MlzNbY5kemWjc3XzJINmdGxiZHXheIghcW6mdXPl[EBjgSCSQ2i=	NG\EOXc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{W2N\|E4OSd-MkO1OlMyPzF:L3G+
1321N1	NYT4cIRwS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IFHzd4F6	MlnBOY1O	NV\RbmRoOjSq		MX\wdo91\WO2czDj[YxtKGGpYXnud5QhWEOQLXnu[JVk\WRidH;4bYNqfHl?	NVvBPWVjRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO1NlUzPjVpPkKzOVI2OjZ3PD;hQi=>
A2780	M3TqOWFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	M{jhdlVuVQ>?	MkDXNlRp		MXPjc453\XK2czDGWHk4OjBid3n0bEBETESSIHnueI8h[W5iYXTkbZRqfmViZX\m[YN1KHSxd3Hy[JMhc2mubHnu[{BwfmG{aXHuJINidmOncjDj[Yxtew>?	NVnOdGxpRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO1PVIzQDFpPkKzOVkzOjhzPD;hQi=>
OV2008	MkDMRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	NECwWmQ2dU1?	NEL5bIMzPGh?		MUDjc453\XK2czDGWHk4OjBid3n0bEBETESSIHnueI8h[W5iYXTkbZRqfmViZX\m[YN1KHSxd3Hy[JMhc2mubHnu[{BwfmG{aXHuJINidmOncjDj[Yxtew>?	M4PPb\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|NUmyNlgyLz5{M{W5NlI5OTxxYU6=
PC12	M2HqZ2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M{fMNVExdU1?	MUOyOIg>	MVv3ZZRmeg>?	MYFCpIlvcGmkaYTzJINpgW2xdIL5dJNqdi2uaXvlJJBzd3SnYYPvcYFtKGGldHn2bZR6Ng>?	M1\xOVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|NkCzPVc6Lz5{M{[wN\|k4QTxxYU6=
SH-SY5Y	M1fmT2Fxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NUnmeHhrPW2P	M1vj[FFp		M3HYeoFjd2yrc3jld{Bk\Wyjc4Tyc4whdmW3cn;wdo91\WO2aY\lJIVn\mWldB?=	MXS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzZzOUO5OUc,OjN4MUmzPVU9N2F-
SH-SY5Y	NYfuTFNnTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MWixcW0>	Mo\jNlRp		M1KzeYlvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SCjdYTvdIhi\3liaX7keYNm\CCkeTDUU2NR	NHP3VYk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{e0N\|E1QCd-MkO3OFMyPDh:L3G+
HepG2	M3LFWmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NH7rSXQyOG2P	NYnaS3cxOjSq		MmO3bY5pcWKrdIOgd4lVUUeDUj2gZY5lKEiEU2OtbY5lfWOnZDDheZRweGijZ4m=	M37ielxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|OEG3NFQxLz5{M{ixO\|A1ODxxYU6=
HeLa	MWfGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MXexNI1O	NEDlVYwzcA>?		M4\IdJN2eHC{ZYPz[ZMhVEN\|IFnJJIV5eHKnc4Ppd49v	Ml;3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN6NkS3N\|goRjJ\|OE[0O\|M5RC:jPh?=
HONE-1	NGrWXJFHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NGC2c5I2dU1?	M3P3NVFp		NV3IUIFVemWycnXzd4V{KD[{LX3l[IlifGWmIGLPV{Bxem:mdXP0bY9v	Mn;iQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN6OUKzOVgoRjJ\|OEmyN\|U5RC:jPh?=
MCF7	MX;GeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NHH3RpM2dU1?	NEnTbmszPGh?		NIHsOIlqdmO{ZXHz[ZMhS3WRIHnu[JVk\WRiY3XscEBl\WG2aB?=	NEnTWHg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{m2NlYzQSd-MkO5OlI3Ojl:L3G+
HO8910	NWnIR\|hzSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	Mn7JNVBuVQ>?	NH;DT3cyOmh?		MXnlcohidmOnczDCNVkucW6mdXPl[EBieG:ydH;zbS=>	NV3RUXV[RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO5PFM3OTBpPkKzPVg{PjFyPD;hQi=>
SMMC-7721	MofxRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	NYHCZpQzPW2P	MoTsNlRp		MnzQZZR1\W63YYTld{BVVkZvzsGgdJJwfGWldHnvckBi\2GrboP0JJNmenWvIIP0ZZJ3[XSrb36tcYVlcWG2ZXSgZZBweHSxc3nz	MVG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDB4Nk[5N{c,OjRyNk[2PVM9N2F-
Hep3B	MlLQRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	NUHyPGtQPW2P	NIj3e2UzPGh?		Mk\hZZR1\W63YYTld{BVVkZvzsGgdJJwfGWldHnvckBi\2GrboP0JJNmenWvIIP0ZZJ3[XSrb36tcYVlcWG2ZXSgZZBweHSxc3nz	NFO1eXo9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEC2OlY6Oyd-MkSwOlY3QTN:L3G+
H460	MUfGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MWGxNI1O	NIn3UJo1cA>?		NGf0WGNqdmO{ZXHz[ZMh[2m\|cHzheIlvNWmwZIXj[YQh[2WubDDk[YF1cA>?	NGHEW2g9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEG3N\|IxQCd-MkSxO\|MzODh:L3G+
A549	NIe3SZNHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MVexNI1O	MmPROIg>		NES2dlVqdmirYnn0d{BifXSxcHjh[5khcW6mdXPl[EBjgSCrcoLh[IlifGmxbh?=	MYO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDF2MkezOUc,OjRzNEK3N\|U9N2F-
H1299	Mo\NSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NGPhXowyOG2P	NIe1NYI1cA>?		NELOV2lqdmO{ZXHz[ZMh[2m\|cHzheIlvNWmwZIXj[YQh[2WubDDk[YF1cA>?	M3zmPVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2MUezNlA5Lz5{NEG3N\|IxQDxxYU6=
WiDr	NU\KfWFlTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NVzXZ2pIOTCvTR?=	MlOzNYg>		Mn3ibY5pcWKrdIOgVGNDVC2rbnT1Z4VlKEyFMzDJTUBmgHC{ZYPzbY9v	MkLFQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjRzOUC0PFkoRjJ2MUmwOFg6RC:jPh?=
LoVo	M1vsZWFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	MmW1OY1O	M2DtZlQ5cA>?		MWPlcohidmOnczDER2EucW6mdXPl[EBieG:ydH;zbZMv	MWi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDJyMUixNkc,OjR{MEG4NVI9N2F-
HepG2 E47	NXjiUXp{TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M4rQTVIvPW2P	NX7OPW9EPDiq		MU\pcoNz\WG\|ZYOgeIhmKHSxeHnjbZR6KG:oIFHBMEBDW09uIHHu[EBES2x2	M{DtRlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2MkezO\|M5Lz5{NEK3N\|c{QDxxYU6=
RKO	NIPjfYtHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NWfiOYFLOm2P	MUSxbC=>	M1rrN2ROW09?	MnnB[Y5p[W6lZYOgZ4VtdCCmZXH0bEBjgSCpZXzkZY5idXmlaX6=	MVG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDJ7MUe3O{c,OjR{OUG3O\|c9N2F-
Hep3B	M3n1VGFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NHzaWJQzdU1?	MYixNog>	MYfEUXNQ	MkXLbY5pcWKrdIOgRXpFQDB3NT3pcoR2[2WmIHPlcIwh\GWjdHi=	M4rKcFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2Mkm3N\|AxLz5{NEK5O\|MxODxxYU6=
ACHN-5968	MXfBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	MoXmOY1O	MWKzbC=>		M3vZU4VvcGGwY3XzJJBi[2yrdHH4[YwudWWmaXH0[YQh[XCxcITvd4l{yqB?	MXi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDNyNU[wOEc,OjR\|MEW2NFQ9N2F-
Huh7	M2HoWGFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NHfLR5UzdU1?	M3LmcVEzcA>?	NGDV[nVFVVOR	NGLwZ3lqdmirYnn0d{BCYkR6MEW1MYlv\HWlZXSgZ4VtdCCmZXH0bC=>	MkG3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR{OUezNFAoRjJ2Mkm3N\|AxRC:jPh?=
UOK257	M{LuR2Fxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	MmX5OY1O	NFLmNlc{cA>?		NHLJXoZmdmijbnPld{Bx[WOuaYThfIVtNW2nZHnheIVlKGGyb4D0c5Nqe8Li	NF2ycFY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEOwOVYxPCd-MkSzNFU3ODR:L3G+
ECSCs	M1fOemFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	MkHjNVBuVQ>?	M{fxblRp		NUDx[Gps\GWlcnXhd4V{KHKjcHHtfYNqdi22cnXheIVlKGGyb4D0c5Nqew>?	MkXqQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR\|MUmxNFkoRjJ2M{G5NVA6RC:jPh?=
MCF-7	MorWSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NYnPcXR{OTCvTR?=	M1\tSVI1cA>?		M3Xqd4lvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SCjdYTvdIhi\3liaX7keYNm\CCkeTDjbIVud3SqZYLhdJkh\HK3Z4O=	NFPFRWk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEOxOVU4QCd-MkSzNVU2Pzh:L3G+
SGC-7901	M{TiVWFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NIjub\|IzdU1?	M3rwclFp		NH3scm9qdmO{ZXHz[ZMhS0FvNDDpcoR2[2WmIHHwc5B1d3Orcx?=	M{jxN\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2M{KxN\|QxLz5{NEOyNVM1ODxxYU6=
SMMC-7721	MXTBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NXjTNG9TOm2P	NXPWZ2tCOWh?		NGDp[ZhqdmO{ZXHz[ZMhS0FvNDDpcoR2[2WmIHHwc5B1d3Orcx?=	MUO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDN{MUO0NEc,OjR\|MkGzOFA9N2F-
T24	MVLBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NWjCV2hXPW2P	MWOxMlVp		NGm0ZZpxd3SnboTpZZRmeyClZXzlZ495cWJvaX7keYNm\CCjcH;weI9{cXN?	NYHDOnl5RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkSzOFkyPzZpPkK0N\|Q6OTd4PD;hQi=>
NTUB1	MUDBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NUK3d4dkPW2P	MonWNU42cA>?		M373SZBwfGWwdHnheIV{KGOnbHXjc5hq[i2rbnT1Z4VlKGGyb4D0c5Nqew>?	NXTmWZF7RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkSzOFkyPzZpPkK0N\|Q6OTd4PD;hQi=>
MG-63	M4rwd2Fxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NHfWeJMyOG2P	NV6wV3gxOTKq		NF3nOVZmdmijbnPld{BFWC2rbnT1Z4VlKGGyb4D0c5Nqew>?	NGKxfVY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEO1PFMxOSd-MkSzOVg{ODF:L3G+
MG-63	MWjBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NX;ne2N[OC53L{HtUS=>	NWO4W4tJOzKq		MUHlcohidmOnczDzZYxqdm:veXPpck1qdmS3Y3XkJINmdGxiYYDvdJRwe2m\|	NHXDOJU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEO1PFM1Oid-MkSzOVg{PDJ:L3G+
MG-63	M1myXGZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M3vEZVAvPS9zbV2=	NVfqVVREPDiq		MVnpcoR2[2W\|IIPhcIlvd227Y3nuMYlv\HWlZXSgZ4VtdCC4aXHibYxqfHlibH;zdy=>	Mnv4QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR\|NUizOFIoRjJ2M{W4N\|QzRC:jPh?=
U2OS	NGLwXmFHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NHS5ZVExNjVxMX3N	MX[0PIg>		NES4c41qdmS3Y3XzJJNidGmwb335Z4lvNWmwZIXj[YQh[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgcI9{ew>?	M2Dke\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2M{W4N\|QzLz5{NEO1PFM1OjxxYU6=
HGC-27	NIOwfWRHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MnzjNVBuVQ>?	MUGxbC=>		Ml3ZbY5pcWKrdIOgeIhmKGOnbHygeoli[mmuaYT5JIxwe3NiYomgVmFFODBzIH;yJG1MNTJ{ME[=	MWK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDRzNkO0PUc,OjR2MU[zOFk9N2F-
HCT116	MYTBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NUO0SFQyPW2P	MYKyOIg>		NFzPZXBmdmijbnPld{B1cGViYYDvdJRwe2m\|IHnu[JVk\WRiYomgZZBq\2WwaX6=	MmnRQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR4Mk[1NlIoRjJ2NkK2OVIzRC:jPh?=
A549	NWO3cndCSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	MV[xNI1O	M3uzcFQ5cA>?		MYLhZ4NmdGW{YYTld{B1cGVicnXkeYN1cW:wIH;mJINmdGxidnnhZoltcXS7IHnu[JVk\WRiYomgVHRZ	MnXkQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR4Mk[3NlIoRjJ2NkK2O\|IzRC:jPh?=
Saos-2	M4jGdWFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	MlLYNVBuVQ>?	Ml3nNlRp		MlvYbY51\W6\|aX\p[ZMhfGinIHfyc5d1cCCrbnjpZol1cW:wIH;mJJRp\SCXMl;TJINmdGy\|IHnu[JVk\WRiYomgSI95	MWG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDZ\|OUCxN{c,OjR4M{mwNVM9N2F-
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HepG2	NWD6dIRrTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M3Lj[VVuVQ>?	NIL4W5I1cA>?		NHXucGxqdmO{ZXHz[ZMhUExicnXs[YF{\Q>?	NXvPTWhnRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS3NVM2QDdpPkK0O\|E{PTh5PD;hQi=>
A549	MVzBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	M1nEblVuVQ>?	NEOxTms1QGh?		NGnRW5ll\WO{ZXHz[ZMhfGinIIDldoNmdnSjZ3Wgc4Yh[2WubDDk[YF1cCCjbnSg[ZhxemW\|c3nvckBt\X[nbIOgc4Yh[2G\|cHHz[U0{NCCEZXPsbY4uOSCjbnSgUGM{NUmL	MnrlQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR5ME[zNFMoRjJ2N{C2N\|A{RC:jPh?=
A2780cp	Mk\qRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	MUiyMlVuVQ>?	NILj[IUycA>?	MWPk[GgzVw>?	MmHr[Y5p[W6lZYOgZ4l{eGyjdHnuMYlv\HWlZXSgZ4VtdCCmZXH0bC=>	NEn4UGw9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEixO\|k1Pid-MkS4NVc6PDZ:L3G+
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MDR	MVPBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	Mn;lNVBuVQ>?	MlPFOog>		NH\6PXp{fHKnbnf0bIVveyC2aHWgdI94\XJib3[gZY51cWOjbnPldkBlenWpcx?=	MWi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTBzOUewNUc,OjVyMUm3NFE9N2F-
H157	MmLzSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	M2DHWVVuVQ>?	NYm0bm81Omh?		M{TWTpN2eHC{ZYPz[ZMhW1CFIHnu[JVk\WRiYXPjeY12dGG2aX;uJI9nKEyFMz3JTS=>	MWe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTJ6NU[yPEc,OjV{OEW2Nlg9N2F-
A549	NGPO[49HfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MYW1cW0>	MnPNNog>		NWG5XG1pe3WycILld5NmeyCVUFOgbY5lfWOnZDDhZ4N2dXWuYYTpc44hd2ZiTFOzMWlK	NEDHVI49[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUK4OVYzQCd-MkWyPFU3Ojh:L3G+
A2780cp	MUjHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NWP5U4NROW2P	M1XIPFFp		M{GxWYlv[3KnYYPld{BkcXOybHH0bY4ucW6mdXPl[EBk\WyuIHTlZZRp	MnLkQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjV\|MkK2PVQoRjJ3M{KyOlk1RC:jPh?=
NBL-W-S	MXTBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NXvXSlBzOW2P	Mn75Oog>		MnLubY5kemWjc3XzJINmdGxiYYDvdJRwe2m\|IHnu[JVk\WRiYomgS2FPXC14MR?=	MlLoQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjV\|MkOyNlIoRjJ3M{KzNlIzRC:jPh?=
NBL-W-S	M{HYO2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MkfkNY1O	M4jX[FZp		NI[ySoVmdmijbnPld{BISU6WLU[xJJRwgGmlaYT5	NGLlVXA9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUOyN\|IzOid-MkWzNlMzOjJ:L3G+
A549	NGnWfmhCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	MmSxOY1O	NXn0bG4xOmh?	NUDZXGVwTE2VTx?=	NWHUOnFocW6qaXLpeJMhSkSPQz3pcoR2[2WmIHHwc5B1d3SrYzDj[YxtKGSnYYTo	NV7NUox2RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkW3NVY2PjFpPkK1O\|E3PTZzPD;hQi=>
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A549	M1TwWWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M1Ls[FNuVQ>?	MoPiNog>	M{HQeGROW09?	MlTsdoVlfWOnczDndo94fGhiaX7obYJqfG:{eTDl[oZm[3Rib3[gRmROSw>?	M1\EelxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3N{G2OVYyLz5{NUexOlU3OTxxYU6=
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Nara-H	MUnHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MVu1cW0>	NX7rdotVPDiq		MkLG[Y5p[W6lZYOgeIVue2m{b3zpcZV{dWWmaXH0[YQhe3WycILld5Nqd25ib3[gUoFz[S2KIHPlcIwheHKxbHnm[ZJifGmxbh?=	NEfDeVY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MUiwOVA{Oyd-MkG4NFUxOzN:L3G+
HUVECs	M2HUe2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MlW1NVBuVQ>?	NUXPZmlqOC53aB?=		NIPLPXhl\WO{ZXHz[ZMhfGinIFHHSU1DW0GrbnT1Z4VlKGG3dH;wbIFogSCuZY\l	MofLQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjF2Nki1PVIoRjJzNE[4OVkzRC:jPh?=
HepG2	NH;DNHFCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	MWWycW0>	MnzPNYg>		MU\lcohidmOnczDyZYRq[XSrb36tbY5lfWOnZDDj[YxtKGSnYYTo	M4fRTVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJzNEWzOlkyLz5{MUS1N\|Y6OTxxYU6=
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DAOY	Mln4dWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>				M{DoRpFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCGQV;ZJINmdGy\|	NFjqWXI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
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BT-37	NI\UbopyUFSVIHHzd4F6				M3TWZpFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCEVD2zO{Bk\Wyucx?=	MmDaQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
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SK-N-SH	NYracoJFeUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?				NIO2TWtyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiU1utUk1UUCClZXzsdy=>	MXG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
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Rh41	NXH6WlNieUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?				MUnxTHRUKG:oIIDl[IlifHKrYzDjZY5k\XJiY3XscEBtcW6nczD0c{Bq\GWwdHnmfUBufWy2aYDs[UBweHCxcoT1col1cWW\|IH\vdkBlenWpIILldJVzeG:\|aX7nPkBRemmvYYL5JJNkemWnbjDmc5IhWmh2MTDj[Yxtew>?	M1fzeFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
Rh30	M1eyeZFJXFNiYYPzZZk>				NVztVmtZeUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiUILpcYFzgSC\|Y4Ll[Y4h\m:{IGLoN\|Ah[2WubIO=	MVm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
SJ-GBM2	MknNdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>				NWfSUnMzeUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiUILpcYFzgSC\|Y4Ll[Y4h\m:{IGPKMWdDVTJiY3XscJM>	NFmyPIk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OUSzOVE{QSd-Mkm0N\|UyOzl:L3G+
SK-N-MC	Mmq3dWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>				NGL3SYpyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCScnntZZJ6KHOlcnXlckBnd3JiU1utUk1OSyClZXzsdy=>	MojJQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
NB-EBc1	MoDndWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>				MofSdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKE6ELVXCZ\|Eh[2WubIO=	M3fuWFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
LAN-5	NE\scm1yUFSVIHHzd4F6				MnLSdWhVWyCxZjDw[YRq[XS{aXOgZ4Fv[2W{IHPlcIwhdGmwZYOgeI8hcWSnboTp[pkhdXWudHnwcIUhd3Cyb4L0eY5qfGmnczDmc5Ih\HK3ZzDy[ZB2enCxc3nu[\|ohWHKrbXHyfUB{[3KnZX6g[o9zKEyDTj21JINmdGy\|	MUC8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTR\|NUGzPUc,Ojl2M{WxN\|k9N2F-
Rh18	MmjzdWhVWyCjc4PhfS=>				NX7FT4h{eUiWUzDv[kBx\WSrYYTybYMh[2GwY3XyJINmdGxibHnu[ZMhfG9iaXTlcpRq\nlibYXseIlxdGVib4Dwc5J1fW6rdHnld{Bnd3JiZIL1[{Bz\XC3coDvd4lv\zpiUILpcYFzgSC\|Y4Ll[Y4h\m:{IGLoNVgh[2WubIO=	NXLnTmdpRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>

Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID

Western blot	α-SMA / TGF-β / LC-3BI / LC-3B II / Beclin-1 / NF-κB p65 ; caspase-3 / caspase-9 / PARP ; VEGF ; APP / BACE1 / ADAM17 / Presenilin 1 / Presenilin 2 / Nicastrin / APH-1 / Pen-2 / LC3-1 / LC3-2	29296191 25891159 26316755
Immunofluorescence	LC3 / Hif-α / COX2	29039446
Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability	26934124

In vivo

3-Methyladenine blocks autophagy through its effect on class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). 3-Methyladenine treatment does not alter the degree of hemorrhage compared with the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) group. 3-Methyladenine pretreatment significantly aggravates neurological symptoms when compared with the SAH + vehicle group. Autophagy is decreased when 3-Methyladenine treatment is applied. Conversely, cleaved caspase-3 is markedly up-regulated in the SAH + 3-Methyladenine group. In line with the up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the right cortex is significantly increased in the SAH + 3-Methyladenine group compared with the SAH + vehicle group. ^[5]

Protocol (from reference)

Kinase Assay:^[4]	Protein degradation assay: HeLa cells are radiolabeled for 24 hours with 0.05 mCi/mL l-[U-¹⁴C]valine. At the end of the labeling period, cells are rinsed three times with PBS. Cells are incubated for the designated times in either full medium or EBSS with or without the presence of 10 mM 3-Methyladenine.
Cell Research:^[2]	Cell lines: HeLa cell line Concentrations: 1-10 mM Incubation Time: 24, 48 or 72 hours Method: Cell (such as HeLa cell) viability is determined by a trypan blue exclusion assay. Briefly, after treated with 3-Methyladenine, both adherent and floating cells are collected and suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) at a final density of 1-2 × 10⁶/mL. An equal volume of 0.4% trypan blue solution (w/v, in PBS) is added to the cell suspension and mixed thoroughly. After incubation at room temperature for 3 min, cell counting is performed using a hemacytometer. (Only for Reference)
Animal Research:^[5]	Animal Models: Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g Dosages: 400 nM Administration: Intracerebral ventricular (Only for Reference)

References

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	Water	10 mg/mL warmed (67.04 mM)
	Ethanol	4 mg/mL (26.81 mM)
	DMSO	3 mg/mL warmed (20.11 mM)

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight	149.15
Formula	C₆H₇N₅
CAS No.	5142-23-4
Storage	3 years -20°C powder
Smiles	CN1C=NC(=N)C2=C1N=CN2

Download 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) SDF

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg Average weight of animals: g Dosing volume per animal:μL Number of animals:

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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

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Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

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Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
I'm also wondering whether it can be dissolved in water,or maybe something like culture medium,normal saline solution to form 10mM solution

Answer:
As the reference (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal. pone.0035665), 3-MA, which was found to inhibit autophagy at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mM was directly dissolved into the culture medium at the indicated concentrations. And we tested the solubility of S2767, and found the solubility of 3-MA in DMEM is 31 mg/mL at about 40°C.

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