Name: Rapamycin (Sirolimus)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1039
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (1852 reviews)

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.63%

99.63

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Related Targets	PI3K Akt GSK-3 ATM/ATR DNA-PK AMPK PDPK1 PTEN PP2A PDK
Other mTOR Inhibitors	Torin 1 Torin 2 AZD8055 Ridaforolimus (Deforolimus, MK-8669) Sapanisertib (MLN0128, INK-128) Torkinib (PP242) MHY1485 Vistusertib (AZD2014) KU-0063794 OSI-027

Cell Culture, Treatment & Working Concentration

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID
COS7 cells expressing EGFP-LC3	Autophagy Assay	0.2 μM	24 h	DMSO	Induces autophagy	18391949
H4	Function Assay	0.2 μM	24 h	DMSO	Increases the ratio of light chain 3 subunit 2 to light chain 3 subunit 1 in human H4 cells	18024584
COS7 cells expressing EGFP-HDQ74/rheb	Autophagy Assay	0.2 μM	24 h	DMSO	Induces autophagy	18391949
PBMC	Function Assay	1 nM	14 d	DMSO	Reduces CCR5 density	17485501
HEK293T	Antiviral Assay	1 nM	4 d	DMSO	Induces antiviral activity against HIV1 X4 with EC50 of 0.3 nM	17485501
U87MG	Kinase Assay	1 μM	6 h	DMSO	Potently inhibits mTOR-mediated S6 phosphorylation	19848404
cells from the thymus of normal BALB/c mice	Growth Inhibition Assay	10 nM	72 h	DMSO	Inhibits lymphoproliferation (LAF) with IC50 of 3 nM	10021948
PC3	Growth Inhibition Assay	1.5 μM	1 h	DMSO	Induces antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells with IC50 of <10 nM	21978683
HT-29	Cytotoxic Assay	10 nM	72 h	DMSO	Potentiates digitoxin-induced cytotoxicity	24900873
Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells transfected with N-luc and C-luc	Function Assay	100 nM	4 h	DMSO	Induces luciferase protein trans-splicing in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells transfected with N-luc and C-luc	17128262
SYF	Function Assay	100 nM	24 h	DMSO	Induces FRB-FKBP complex interaction	17563385
HEK293	Function Assay	100 nM	8 h	DMSO	Inhibits TPA-induced degradation of Pdcd4 with EC50 of 50 nM	21539301
HeLa	Function Assay	100 nM	36 h	DMSO	Induces FRB K2095P, T2098L, W2101F mutant-ubiquitinC interaction	17563385
BT-20	Kinase Assay	20 μM		DMSO	Does not inhibit mTORC2 dependent pAkT S473 phosphorylation	21353551
PC3	Kinase Assay	100 nM	1 h	DMSO	Potently inhibits mTOR-mediated S6 phosphorylation with IC50 of <10 nM.	21978683
Human mixed lymphocyte	Growth Inhibition Assay	5 nM		DMSO	IC50=1.6 nM.	16185865
MCF-7	Autophagy Assay	30 nM	4 h	DMSO	Induces autophagy	20028134
Lewis rat lymph node cells	Growth Inhibition Assay	5 μM		DMSO	IC50=2.6 μM	16185865
HEK293 cells	Kinase Assay	50 nM	45 min	DMSO	Inhibits mTOR kinase activity with IC50 of 0.1 nM	17350953
U937	Antibacterial Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	Induces antibacterial activity against wild type Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia-1 JR32 in U937 cells	21142106
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (109.38 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Ethanol : 25 mg/mL

Water : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
Mass value Mass unit	Concentration value Concentration unit	Volume value Volume unit	Molecular weight (g/mol)

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo batch selection In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	1%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%TWEEN80 3 54%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.600mg/ml (0.66mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 10 μL of 60 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 540 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	5.000mg/ml (5.47mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	1% DMSO 1 40% PEG 300 2 5%Tween80 3 54% water Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.250mg/ml (0.27mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 10 μL of 25 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to make it clear; then continue adding 540 μL ddH2O and adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG 300 2 5%Tween80 3 50% ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	5.000mg/ml (5.47mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/mL clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify; add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; Then continue to add 500 μL ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 95% Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	5.000mg/ml (5.47mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/mL clarified DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg

Average weight of animals: g

Dosing volume per animal: μL

Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO

%

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

% DMSO

+

%

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	914.18	Formula	C₅₁H₇₉NO₁₃	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder
CAS No.	53123-88-9	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	Sirolimus, AY-22989, NSC-2260804			Smiles	CC1CCC2CC(C(=CC=CC=CC(CC(C(=O)C(C(C(=CC(C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)C1(O2)O)C(C)CC4CCC(C(C4)OC)O)C)C)O)OC)C)C)C)OC

Mechanism of Action

Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	mTOR (HEK293 cells) ~0.1 nM
In vitro	Rapamycin inhibits endogenous mTOR activity in HEK293 cells with IC50 of ~0.1 nM, more potently than iRap and AP21967 with IC50 of ~5 nM and ~10 nM, respectively. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this compound treatment induces a severe G1/S cell cycle arrest and inhibition of translation initiation to levels below 20% of control. It significantly inhibits the cell viability of T98G and U87-MG in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 2 nM and 1 μM, respectively, while displaying little activity against U373-MG cells with IC50 of >25 μM despite the similar extent of the inhibition of mTOR signaling. This chemical (100 nM) induces G1 arrest and autophagy but not apoptosis in Rapamycin-sensitive U87-MG and T98G cells by inhibiting the function of mTOR.
Kinase Assay	Immunoblotting for the mTOR kinase assay
Kinase Assay	HEK293 cells are plated at 2-2.5×10⁵ cells/well of a 12-well plate and serum-starved for 24 hours in DMEM. Cells are treated with increasing concentrations of Rapamycin (0.05-50 nM) for 15 minutes at 37 °C. Serum is added to a final concentration of 20% for 30 minutes at 37 °C. Cells are lysed, and cell lysates are separated by SDS-PAGE. Resolved proteins are transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and immunoblotted with a phosphospecific primary antibody against Thr-389 of p70 S6 kinase. Data are analyzed using ImageQuant and KaleidaGr
In vivo	Treatment with Rapamycin in vivo specifically blocks targets known to be downstream of mTOR such as the phosphorylation and activation of p70S6K and the release of inhibition of eIF4E by PHAS-1/4E-BP1, leading to complete blockage of the hypertrophic increases in plantaris muscle weight and fibre size. Short-term treatment with this compound, even at the lowest dose of 0.16 mg/kg, produces profound inhibition of p70S6K activity, which correlates with increased tumor cell death and necrosis of the Eker renal tumors. This chemical inhibits metastatic tumor growth and angiogenesis in CT-26 xenograft models by reducing the production of VEGF and blockage of VEGF-induced endothelial cell signaling. Treatment with this compound at 4 mg/kg/day significantly reduces tumor growth of C6 xenografts, and tumor vascular permeability.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17350953/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8741837/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15833867/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11715023/ [5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12384518/ [6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11821896/ [7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16904613/ [8] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14976243/ [9] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20739560/

Applications

Methods	Biomarkers	PMID
Western blot	p-mTOR(S2448)/mTOR	23991038
Growth inhibition assay	Cell proliferation	30393233
Histomorphology	Haematoxylin & Eosin	28418837
Immunofluorescence	NeuN p62/Beclin	28418837
ELISA	Type III collagen/Fibronectin	23364979

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT06308445	Not yet recruiting	Familial Adenomatous Polyposis	University Hospital Toulouse	August 1 2024	Phase 2
NCT06310291	Not yet recruiting	Celiac Disease	Barinthus Biotherapeutics	April 2024	Early Phase 1
NCT06091332	Not yet recruiting	Cavernous Malformations\|Brain Stem Hemorrhage	Huashan Hospital	December 1 2023	Phase 2
NCT05997056	Recruiting	Neuroendocrine Tumors\|NET\|Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor\|Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor\|Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumor	Aadi Bioscience Inc.	November 7 2023	Phase 2
NCT06022068	Enrolling by invitation	Alzheimer Disease	Karolinska Institutet\|Karolinska University Hospital	September 1 2023	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT04989686	Recruiting	Immunosuppression	Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia\|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	June 8 2023	--

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Rapamycin (Sirolimus) mTOR inhibitor

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 914.18