Name: 4-PBA (Sodium Phenylbutyrate)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S4125
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (23 reviews)

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.99%

99.99

Related Targets	PARP ATM/ATR DNA-PK WRN DNA/RNA Synthesis Topoisomerase PPAR Sirtuin Casein Kinase eIF
Other HDAC Inhibitors	ITF-2357 (Givinostat) Hydrochloride Monohydrate Fimepinostat (CUDC-907) Trichostatin A (TSA) Entinostat (MS-275) RGFP966 Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585) Dihydrochloride Tubastatin A Hydrochloride Tubastatin A Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) Ricolinostat (ACY-1215)

Cell Culture, Treatment & Working Concentration

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
Hela	Function assay			Inhibition of HDAC in human Hela cells nuclear extracts by fluorimetric assay, Ki=6.34μM	19520580
U937	Function assay	4 mM	8 to 48 hrs	Induction of CAMP mRNA expression in human U937 cells at 4 mM after 8 to 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis	19770273
VA10	Function assay	4 mM	24 hrs	Induction of CAMP mRNA expression in human VA10 cells at 4 mM after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis	19770273
HT-29	Function assay	4 mM	8 to 48 hrs	Induction of CAMP mRNA expression in human HT-29 cells at 4 mM after 8 to 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis	19770273
A498	Function assay	4 mM	8 to 48 hrs	Induction of CAMP mRNA expression in human A498 cells at 4 mM after 8 to 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis	19770273
VA10	Function assay	4 mM	24 hrs	Induction of DEFB1 mRNA expression in human VA10 cells at 4 mM after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis	19770273
VA10	Function assay	4 mM	24 hrs	Induction of LL-37 protein expression in human VA10 cells at 4 mM after 24 hrs by Western blotting	19770273
VA10	Function assay	20 nM	24 hrs	Induction of LL-37 protein expression in human VA10 cells at 20 nM after 24 hrs by Western blotting	19770273
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 37 mg/mL (197.66 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : 37 mg/mL

Ethanol : Insoluble

DMSO : 94 mg/mL (502.16 mM) Warmed with 60°C water bath; Ultrasonicated;
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : 37 mg/mL

Ethanol : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
Mass value Mass unit	Concentration value Concentration unit	Volume value Volume unit	Molecular weight (g/mol)

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo batch selection In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	1.850mg/ml (9.88mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 37 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg

Average weight of animals: g

Dosing volume per animal: μL

Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO

%

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

% DMSO

+

%

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	187.19	Formula	C₁₀H₁₁O₂.Na	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder
CAS No.	1716-12-7	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	4-Phenylbutyric acid, NaPB			SMILES	C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]

Read more about storage stability stock solution CAS number SMILES

Mechanism of Action

Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	HDAC
In vitro	4-PBA (Sodium Phenylbutyrate) is a well-known HDAC inhibitor, which increases gene transcription of a number of genes, and also exerts neuroprotective effects. It significantly attenuates MPTP-induced depletion of striatal dopamine and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra. This compound also attenuates the expression of the apoptosis antagonist Bcl-X(L), the double-strand break repair protein DNA-dependent protein kinase, the prostate progression marker caveolin-1, and the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer cells. It is found to act in synergy with ionizing radiation to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
In vivo	4-PBA (Sodium Phenylbutyrate) significantly extends survival and improved both the clinical and neuropathological phenotypes in G93A transgenic ALS mice. This compound ameliorates histone hypoacetylation observed in G93A mice and induced expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p50, the phosphorylated inhibitory subunit of NF-kappaB (pIkappaB) and beta cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), but reduced cytochrome c and caspase expression. It acts to phosphorylate IkappaB, translocating NF-kappaB p50 to the nucleus, or to directly acetylate NF-kappaB p50. It also increases brain histone acetylation and decreased histone methylation levels as assessed by both immunocytochemistry and Western blots in a transgenic mousemodel of Huntington's disease (HD). The compound increases mRNA for components of the ubiquitin-proteosomal pathway and down-regulated caspases implicated in apoptotic cell death, and active caspase 3 immunoreactivity in the striatum.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15626823/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11571633/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15934930/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15494404/ [5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34716302/ [6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28649223/

Applications

Methods	Biomarkers	Images	PMID
Western blot	Survivin p38 / p-p38 / ERK / p-ERK / JNK / p-JNK		27274278

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-07-06)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT06069375	SUSPENDED	Medium-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	Jerry Vockley, MD, PhD	2024-04-01	PHASE2
NCT06645769	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Diabetes	University of Pennsylvania	2027-06-01	EARLY_PHASE1
NCT07125066	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Combined D,L-2-hydroxyglutaric Aciduria	Jerry Vockley, MD, PhD	2025-07-30	PHASE1
NCT06773026	RECRUITING	Medium-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency	Jerry Vockley, MD, PhD	2025-06-30	PHASE2
NCT05983588	Recruiting	Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS)	Technical University of Munich	2023-12-12	Phase 2
NCT05028803	COMPLETED	Obese Non Diabetic	University of Nottingham	2021-09-01

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4-PBA (Sodium Phenylbutyrate) HDAC inhibitor

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 187.19