Trichostatin A (TSA)

Name: Trichostatin A (TSA)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1045
Rating: 5 (178 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S1045

178 publications

CAS No. 58880-19-6

Trichostatin A (TSA) is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of ~1.8 nM in cell-free assays.

Selleck's Trichostatin A (TSA) has been cited by 178 publications

Cell, 2019, 178(5):1115-1131

PubMed: 31442404 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Metab, 2019, 29(4):886-900

PubMed: 30661930 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nature, 2017, 551(7679):247-250

PubMed: 29088702 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell, 2017, 171(4):824-835.e18

PubMed: 29056338 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Biotechnol, 2015, 10.1038/nbt.3130

PubMed: 25751058 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2014, 26(4):534-48

PubMed: 25314079 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2021, S1097-2765(21)00051-4

PubMed: 33651988 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2021, 11(8):3760-3780

PubMed: 33664860 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2021, 34(3):108646

PubMed: 33472062 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Pathol, 2021, 10.1002/path.5657

PubMed: 33638154 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neoplasia, 2021, 23(1):129-139

PubMed: 33316537 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci China Life Sci, 2021, 10.1007/s11427-020-1855-4

PubMed: 33420926 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biochem, 2021, 10.1007/s11010-021-04050-3

PubMed: 33515198 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Metab, 2021, 3(1):75-89

PubMed: 33462516 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Adv, 2021, 7(9)eabe5518

PubMed: 33627431 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2021, 34(3):108646

PubMed: 33472062 ( click the link to review the publication )

Autophagy, 2020, 10.1080/15548627.2019.1709762

PubMed: 31986961 ( click the link to review the publication )

Autophagy, 2020, 15:1-13

PubMed: 32264736 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2020, 10(21):9644-9662

PubMed: 32863951 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2020, 10(15):6790-6805

PubMed: 32550904 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2020, 33(11):108507

PubMed: 33326790 ( click the link to review the publication )

mBio, 2020, 11(5)e02343-20

PubMed: 33024042 ( click the link to review the publication )

Free Radic Biol Med, 2020, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.016

PubMed: 31972340 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2020, 11(9):765

PubMed: 32943605 ( click the link to review the publication )
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020, 13;5(1):53

PubMed: 32398667 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cells, 2020, 21;9(5):E1280

PubMed: 32455774 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Immunol, 2020, 3;11:36

PubMed: 32117228 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Ther, 2020, molcanther.0417.2020

PubMed: 33277442 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Neurobiol, 2020, 10.1007/s12035-019-01812-5

PubMed: 31919777 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Cancer Res, 2020, 10(2):523-535

PubMed: 32195024 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogenesis, 2020, 13;9(5):48

PubMed: 32404892 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Res, 2020, 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-19-0669

PubMed: 32238439 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Biol Med, 2020, 17(4):953-969

PubMed: 33299646 ( click the link to review the publication )

Immunol Cell Biol, 2020, 98(4):318-331

PubMed: 31950542 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Chem, 2020, 23;8:184

PubMed: 32266211 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Immunol Res, 2020, 2020:7263602

PubMed: 33062724 ( click the link to review the publication )

BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):28

PubMed: 32028887 ( click the link to review the publication )

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol, 2020, 103(4):e21649

PubMed: 31777104 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2020, 30(7):2195-2208

PubMed: 32075759 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2020, 10(17):7747-7757

PubMed: 32685017 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2020, 10(5):2188-2200

PubMed: 32104503 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2019, 73(4):788-802

PubMed: 30704899 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2019, 74(6):1250-1263

PubMed: 31054974 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):5792

PubMed: 31857589 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):4353

PubMed: 31554795 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):5800

PubMed: 31863007 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nucleic Acids Res, 2019, 19;47(16):8502-8520

PubMed: 31616951 ( click the link to review the publication )

Autophagy, 2019, 1-13

PubMed: 30957628 ( click the link to review the publication )
Autophagy, 2019, 10.1080/15548627.2019.1707488

PubMed: 31878840 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS Biol, 2019, 17(10):e3000461

PubMed: 31600191 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2019, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2486

PubMed: 31253668 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biol, 2019, 218(1):267-284

PubMed: 30538141 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biol, 2019, 218(12):4017-4029

PubMed: 31645458 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Differ, 2019, 26(5):843-859

PubMed: 29988076 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Cancer, 2019, 10.1002/ijc.32425

PubMed: 31111958 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Ther, 2019, 27(5):1039-1050

PubMed: 30852137 ( click the link to review the publication )

EBioMedicine, 2019, 43:238-252

PubMed: 31047858 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Bone Miner Res, 2019, 10.1002/jbmr.3716

PubMed: 31112333 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 38(1):428

PubMed: 31665064 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 38(1):84

PubMed: 30777099 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 38(1):463

PubMed: 31718704 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Mol Cell Biol, 2019, 10.1093/jmcb/mjz093

PubMed: 31560394 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Ther, 2019, 18(5):900-908

PubMed: 30824609 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Neurobiol, 2019, 10.1007/s12035-019-1565-7

PubMed: 30963442 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Mol Med (Berl), 2019, 97(4):541-552

PubMed: 30806715 ( click the link to review the publication )

Pharmacol Res, 2019, 146:104281

PubMed: 31125601 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Sci, 2019, 110(11):3442-3452

PubMed: 31432592 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Neurochem, 2019, 10.1111/jnc.14935

PubMed: 31811660 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Virol, 2019, 93(4)e01896-18

PubMed: 30518648 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Cell Neurosci, 2019, 13:468

PubMed: 31708743 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):1897

PubMed: 30760778 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):4360

PubMed: 30867438 ( click the link to review the publication )
PLoS Comput Biol, 2019, 15(2):e1006826

PubMed: 30785874 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Genet, 2019, 10:422

PubMed: 31130994 ( click the link to review the publication )

Life Sci, 2019, 223:1-8

PubMed: 30862568 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biochem, 2019, 10.1002/jcb.29470

PubMed: 31692090 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Adh Migr, 2019, 13(1):285-292

PubMed: 31271097 ( click the link to review the publication )

Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2019, 43(5):822-832

PubMed: 30860602 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2019, 41(6):3209-3218

PubMed: 31002353 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Med, 2019, 44(5):1789-1800

PubMed: 31545402 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Med, 2019, 43(1):285-293

PubMed: 30387821 ( click the link to review the publication )

Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2019, 118:101861

PubMed: 31526947 ( click the link to review the publication )

ACS Omega, 2019, 4(22):19895-19904

PubMed: 31788622 ( click the link to review the publication )

Reprod Fertil Dev, 2019, 31(3):473-481

PubMed: 30301509 ( click the link to review the publication )

Res Vet Sci, 2019, 126:207-212

PubMed: 31610471 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Ther Med, 2019, 17(6):4547-4553

PubMed: 31186678 ( click the link to review the publication )

bioRxiv, 2019, 10.1101/748129

PubMed: N/A ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Adv, 2019, 5(3):eaav1118

PubMed: 30944854 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Biomed Eng, 2018, 2(8):578-588

PubMed: 31015631 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Clin Invest, 2018, 128(9):4098-4114

PubMed: 30124467 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2018, 78(20):5731-5740

PubMed: 30135193 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2018, 24(7):1722-1729

PubMed: 30110629 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Ther, 2018, 26(7):1828-1839

PubMed: 29730197 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2018, 37(8):1049-1061

PubMed: 29084211 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2018, 37(50):6414-6424

PubMed: 30068939 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2018, 432:121-131

PubMed: 29890207 ( click the link to review the publication )
Mol Oncol, 2018, 12(5):724-755

PubMed: 29577611 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogenesis, 2018, 7(11):91

PubMed: 30467308 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):8492

PubMed: 29855565 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Proteome Res, 2018, 17(4):1436-1451

PubMed: 29564889 ( click the link to review the publication )

Plant Cell Rep, 2018, 37(1):115-123

PubMed: 28939922 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Cell Res, 2018, 371(1):231-237

PubMed: 30107147 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int Immunopharmacol, 2018, 65:303-311

PubMed: 30342347 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2018, 39(4):1892-1900

PubMed: 29393444 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 503(2):420-427

PubMed: 29649477 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biochem Funct, 2018, 36(8):398-407

PubMed: 30484863 ( click the link to review the publication )

Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24:461-472

PubMed: 29363667 ( click the link to review the publication )

Methods Mol Biol, 2018, 1755:179-195

PubMed: 29671271 ( click the link to review the publication )

Curr Protoc Pharmacol, 2018, 81(1):e41

PubMed: 29927058 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):13072

PubMed: 30166563 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Res, 2017, 27(7):898-915

PubMed: 28497810 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2017, 67(4):566-578

PubMed: 28803781 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Mol Immunol, 2017, 14(4):371-379

PubMed: 26388239 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2017, 36(12):1707-1720

PubMed: 27694895 ( click the link to review the publication )

Chemistry, 2017, 23(13):3107-3116

PubMed: 27922200 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2017, 26(9):1411-1419

PubMed: 28619831 ( click the link to review the publication )

Eur J Med Chem, 2017, 127:531-553

PubMed: 28109947 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2017, 7:46195

PubMed: 28387374 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Biol Chem, 2017, 292(31):12842-12859

PubMed: 28634230 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2017, 363(2):211-220

PubMed: 28860353 ( click the link to review the publication )
J Diabetes Res, 2017, 2017:8208065

PubMed: 28191472 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist, 2017, 7(1):51-60

PubMed: 28110187 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2017, 12(10):e0186620

PubMed: 29045501 ( click the link to review the publication )

Connect Tissue Res, 2017, 58(1):64-75

PubMed: 27404795 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017, 485(2):454-460

PubMed: 28192116 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2017, 8(11):17995-18009

PubMed: 28152508 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2017, 8(7):11937-11949

PubMed: 28060760 ( click the link to review the publication )

Bioorg Med Chem, 2017, 25(7):2105-2132

PubMed: 28259528 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2016, 7:10690

PubMed: 26891683 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nucleic Acids Res, 2016, 45(3):1159-1176

PubMed: 28180300 ( click the link to review the publication )

Clin Cancer Res, 2016, 22(8):1978-88

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Thorax, 2016, 633-45

PubMed: 27071418 ( click the link to review the publication )

EMBO Rep, 2016, 17(7):999-1012

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J Med Chem, 2016, 59(4):1613-33

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PLoS Pathog, 2016, 12(10):e1005950

PubMed: 27764245 ( click the link to review the publication )

Free Radic Biol Med, 2016, 99:167-178

PubMed: 27498117 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016, 2016:4085727

PubMed: 27746856 ( click the link to review the publication )

FEBS J, 2016, 283(20):3739-3754

PubMed: 27573079 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Pathol, 2016, 186(10):2701-8

PubMed: 27555113 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biol, 2016, 36(22):2838-2854

PubMed: 27573019 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Oncol, 2016, 48(6):2591-607

PubMed: 27082124 ( click the link to review the publication )

BMC Cancer, 2016, 16(1):886

PubMed: 27842508 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biochem, 2016, 415(1-2):197-205

PubMed: 27000860 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2016, 8(60):100975-100988

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Genet Mol Res, 2016, 15(4)

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Sci Rep, 2016, 6:21678

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Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(6):8293-304

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Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(8):10269-78

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Nat Commun, 2015, 3;6:10091

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EMBO Mol Med, 2015, 10.15252/emmm.201404396

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Cancer Lett, 2015, 356(2 Pt B):828-36

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Am J Transplant, 2015, 10.1111/ajt.13106

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Cell Death Dis, 2015, 6:e1586

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J Antimicrob Chemother, 2015, 10.1093/jac/dku549

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Mol Nutr Food Res, 2015, 59(2):189-202

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Mol Nutr Food Res, 2015, 59(2):189-202

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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2015, 309(12):L1410-9

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Chem Biol Interact, 2015, 242:227-34

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PLoS One, 2015, 10(3):e0120587

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Oncotarget, 2015, 6(18):15814-27

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EMBO J, 2014, 34(1):115-29

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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2014, 111(3):E364-73

PubMed: 24395801 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS Biol, 2014, 12(1):e1001758

PubMed: 24409098 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2014, 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.034

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Development, 2014, 141(7):1534-43

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Mol Cell Biol, 2014, 34(22):4143-64

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Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2014, 274(1):7-16

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Life Sci, 2014, 99(1-2):31-6

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Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014, 445(2):320-6

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Exp Hematol, 2014, 42(7):574-80

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Sci Rep, 2014, 4:4663

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Science, 2014, 344(6183):1252304

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Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013, 38(9):1674-84

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Plant J, 2013, 74(5):815-28

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Cytokine, 2013, 65(2):121-5

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Genes Brain Behav, 2013, 13(1):69-86

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Epigenetics, 2012, 7(10):1161-72

PubMed: 22965008 ( click the link to review the publication )

Adv Genet, 2010, 70:341-86

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Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective HDAC Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Trichostatin A (TSA) is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of ~1.8 nM in cell-free assays.

Targets

HDAC ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

~1.8 nM

In vitro

Trichostatin A inhibits the proliferation of eight breast carcinoma cell lines including MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, CAL 51, and SK-BR-3 with mean IC50 of 124.4 nM (range, 26.4-308.1 nM), with more potency against cell lines that express ERα than the ERα-negative cell lines. Trichostatin A inhibits HDAC activity similarly in all the breast cancer cell lines with mean IC50 of 2.4 nM (range, 0.6-2.6 nM), and results in pronounced histone H4 hyperacetylation. ^[1] Unlike Trapoxin (TPX) and Chlamydocin which potently inhibit HDAC1 or HDAC4 but not HDAC6, Trichostatin A inhibits these HDACs to a similar extent with IC50 of 6 nM, 38 nM, and 8.6 nM, respectively. ^[2] Trichostatin A (100 ng/mL) treatment induces the expression of transforming growth factor β type II receptor (TβRII) in MIA PaCa-2 cells through the recruitment of p300 and PCAF into a Sp1-NF-Y HDAC complex that binds the DNA element of TβRII promoter, which is associated with a concomitant acetylation of Sp1 and an overall decrease in the amount of HDAC associated with the complex. ^[4]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID
HeLa	Mk\0S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NVjNSoNxOTBxM{CvOVAhdk1?	MkX0O\|IhcA>?	NX;n[5R{TE2VTx?=	M1LlfYlv[3KnYYPld{B1cGViboXtZoVzKG:oIF3NVEAp\|pUQqH2pJIxwe3NiY3XscJMh\G:\|ZTDk[ZBmdmSnboTsfS=>	MVW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzF4NUe0PEc,OjNzNkW3OFg9N2F-
HeLa	NFy1b2RIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NXO4PFRQOjBibl2=	MlT1O\|IhcA>?	NE[4TI9FVVOR	M4PoXmlEPTBib3[gNlBvVQ>?	NIjvblg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{G2OVc1QCd-MkOxOlU4PDh:L3G+
HeLa	MlvaS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NY\tNIRwPDBibl2=	NVH1[XoxPDhiaB?=	NHjQOZdFVVOR	MkTMTWM2OCCxZjC0NI5O	MlfSQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjNzNkW3OFgoRjJ\|MU[1O\|Q5RC:jPh?=
HeLa	M2nMbWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MX6xNFAhdk1?	NYPVS5Y5OjRiaB?=	NHG2[YtFVVOR	NYDLTWZwUUN3MDDv[kAyODCwTR?=	MWq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzF4NUe0PEc,OjNzNkW3OFg9N2F-
Caco-2	MmW4SpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	M4XvelEhyrWPwrC=	MUKyOEBp		M2TDSoRm[3KnYYPld{BUTVKWIIDyc5RmcW5iZYjwdoV{e2mxbh?=	MlPCQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjNzOUWwO\|AoRjJ\|MUm1NFcxRC:jPh?=
HTK	MYLGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	Mm[wNVAxNThyMH7N	MWm3NkBp		M1vjSoJtd2OtczDUS2Yu\|rMkgKPJcoR2[2WmIGLPV{BidmRiSELPNuKhSWOldX31cIF1cW:w	NHTVZVQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{K4OFAxOid-MkOyPFQxODJ:L3G+
HTK	M1;BTWZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NFvmTZQ1ODBibl2=	NGXvco04OiCq		MULpcohq[mm2czDUS2Yu\|rMkgKPJcoR2[2WmIF35c4Zq[nKxYnzhd5QhTGmoZnXy[Y51cWG2aX;u	NHXKcpc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{K4OFAxOid-MkOyPFQxODJ:L3G+
HEK293	NV[xclVFTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NX\3[npjOSEEtV5CpC=>	MX[xPEBpyqB?		NXe4cotlcW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIHvhcIlzcW5vNz3t[YRq[XSnZDDy[YNzfWm2bXXueEBw\iC\|eX7wbIltcW5vMTDh[4dz\WejdHXzJIlvfG9iYXfndoV{d22ncx?=	M2j6e\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|Mki0PFQ5Lz5{M{K4OFg1QDxxYU6=
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SRA01/04	MlzQS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NXrZPIRzOC5{IN88US=>	NFP4epU1QCCq	NELaU4dFVVOR	NI\zSpV{fXCycnXzd4V{KGOnbHygdJJwdGmoZYLheIlwdiC2aILveYdpKHO3cIDy[ZN{cW6pIITo[UBRUTONL1HreEwheDN6TVHQT{BidmRiRWLLNU8zKHOrZ37hcIlv\yCyYYToe4F6ew>?	MmfyQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjRzNUe4O\|goRjJ2MUW3PFc5RC:jPh?=
A2780	MVjHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MoLRNE4xPS1{IN88US=>	Mlv5NVAwOjRxNEigbC=>	NVK0U5R4TE2VTx?=	NF7oVFdu\WSrYYTld{Boem:5dHigZZJz\XO2IHnuJIEh[2:wY3XueJJifGmxbj2gZY5lKHSrbXWt[IVx\W6mZX70JI1idm6nch?=	MVW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDJ{M{iwNUc,OjR{MkO4NFE9N2F-
SKOV3	MX\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NHfIfZUxNjB3LUKg{txO	NYPTSXN7OTBxMkSvOFghcA>?	MX3EUXNQ	NW\mVotHdWWmaXH0[ZMh\3Kxd4ToJIFzemW\|dDDpckBiKGOxbnPlcpRz[XSrb36tJIFv\CC2aX3lMYRmeGWwZHXueEBu[W6wZYK=	M3izdFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2MkKzPFAyLz5{NEKyN\|gxOTxxYU6=
Huh7	NXzJNm1kTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M4XoVVAvOS9yLkWvNU4xKM7:TR?=	MoTsNlRp		Mmnrd5VxeHKnc4Pld{B[XEiGQ{Kg[4Vv\SCneIDy[ZN{cW:w	MWS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDJ4OU[3Nkc,OjR{Nkm2O\|I9N2F-
hMSCs	NXex[Zd[TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MXK2MlI2KG6P	NXnyZ4NVOjRiaB?=	M2\nb2ROW09?	MVPzeIFjcWyrenXzJGhqe3SxbnWgRYNmfHmuYYTpc44h[W6mIITo[UBGgHC{ZYPzbY9vKG:oIGDseZJqeG:2ZX70JGdmdmW\|	NGrBPVI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEOxNlM2Pid-MkSzNVI{PTZ:L3G+
HT29	MmHwS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NX;vV2R6OThyIH7N	Mlr0O\|IhcA>?		NW\JeJpjUUN3MDDv[kAyQDBibl2=	NID5TlU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEO2PFI3PSd-MkSzOlgzPjV:L3G+
RPE	MXnHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MXmwMlIwOC52L{CuPE8yKM7:TR?=	Mo\3NlQwPDhxN{KgbC=>	MWjEUXNQ	M2XFZ4lvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SCycn;sbYZmemG2aX;uJIJ6KGOnbHygZ5lkdGViYYLy[ZN1	NYPWdWxPRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS0OVY3ODJpPkK0OFU3PjB{PD;hQi=>
U87 GBM	NWq5NFBiTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MkjPNVAxNzVyMDDOcS=>	M{TvPFQ5KGh?	MUGxNFAmKGW2aHHuc4w>	M{[4dGlv\HWlZYOgV4Vv\XOlZX7j[U1NcWunIFHseIVz[XSrb37zJIlvKE63Y3zlZZIhVW:{cHjvcI9ogQ>?	NXPwTZZyRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS0OlQ5PDFpPkK0OFY1QDRzPD;hQi=>
U87 GBM	NWD4fodDT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MYexNFAwOzByL{WwNEBvVQ>?	Mlj3O\|IhcA>?	NEfZdXcyODBnIHX0bIFvd2x?	M{f3dpJm\HWlZYOgcYVidiClZXzsJI52dWKncjDifUA{OSxiNUSsJIFv\CB3ONMgKS=>	MmDuQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR2NkS4OFEoRjJ2NE[0PFQyRC:jPh?=
ACP03	M{HxPWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M2DUeFI2OC9\|NUCvOVAxdk1?	M4DFU\|I1cA>?		NE\4UXRl\WO{ZXHz[ZMh[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgc4Yh[XCycn;4bY1ifGWueTC3NOKhLSCjdDCyOVDDqG6P	M1joTVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2Nk[4OVQ4Lz5{NE[2PFU1PzxxYU6=
ACP02	NWfhVoN7T3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MUWyOVAwOzVyL{WwNI5O	MWqyOIg>		Moji[IVkemWjc3XzJINmdGxidnnhZoltcXS7IH;mJIFxeHKxeHntZZRmdHliN{FCpEUh[XRiMkWwxsBvVQ>?	M{DaZVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2Nk[4OVQ4Lz5{NE[2PFU1PzxxYU6=
HeLa	MoL5SpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NIDPO4kydU1?	MkCyNE42cA>?		NEe3PVJi[m:uaYPo[ZMhfGinIITveIFtKEiGQVOgZYN1cX[rdIm=	M{TUUlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2N{C3OFc1Lz5{NEewO\|Q4PDxxYU6=
HMEC-1	M2i0RmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NEGwO3o{ODCwTR?=	MUeyOIg>		NHfPPIdqdmO{ZXHz[ZMh\XiycnXzd4lwdiCxZtMgWmVITlJ\|wrDtVm5C	M2T4dVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2N{GwOlMyLz5{NEexNFY{OTxxYU6=
HeLa	NF7lU41Iem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NV3McWJTOs7:TR?=	NV;VVphkPDiq		NEDMblZl\WO{ZXHz[ZMh[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgZYJwfXRiMkWl	NWTKPJZ1RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS4OFYyOzVpPkK0PFQ3OTN3PD;hQi=>
LNCaP	MXLHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NIjRZm0yODBvMUCwNI5O	NH\3cHEzPGh?		M37DVGlEPTBib3[gN\|Axdk1?	MmXiQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR6NUS2OVgoRjJ2OEW0OlU5RC:jPh?=
PC3	NGX5O2VIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	M4fJclExOC1zMECwcm0>	NFjifXIzPGh?		NW\3ZndZUUN3MDDv[kA{ODCwTR?=	MmnnQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR6NUS2OVgoRjJ2OEW0OlU5RC:jPh?=
CNE2	M4jze2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M1fke\|ExOC14MEDuUS=>	MnGxNlQwPDhxN{Lo		NEPneI5qdmirYnn0d{B1cGVicILvcIln\XKjdHnvckBqdiCjIITpcYUuKGGwZDDkc5NmNWSncHXu[IVvfCCvYX7u[ZI>	M2\tVFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2OU[5PVAyLz5{NEm2PVkxOTxxYU6=
HeLa	MULGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	Mn;mNlUxdk1?	M3rZNlE3cA>?	NXzHT41ZTE2VTx?=	MorhbY5kemWjc3XzJGN[WDGDMTDtVm5CKGW6cILld5Nqd28EoB?=	NYPIXXl7RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkWxNVY3QDhpPkK1NVE3Pjh6PD;hQi=>
A549	MYjHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NEL2WJYxNjBzLUCuPe69VQ>?	NVnQPHB7PzKq	MkK2SG1UVw>?	NYnQS5A4UUN3MDDv[kAxNjB4zszN	NH;NbY49[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUG2PVQ6OSd-MkWxOlk1QTF:L3G+
SKOV-3	MULHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MonFNE4xOS1yLkpOwG0>	MnmwO\|Jp	NYXvSmZ7TE2VTx?=	MX;JR\|UxKG:oIECuN\|LPxE1?	MVi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTF4OUS5NUc,OjVzNkm0PVE9N2F-
A549	NGrlPWNIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NW\2R\|dNOC5zLUJOwG0>	M4\VeFQ5cA>?	Mmf5SG1UVw>?	M{fVW2lEPTBib3[gNE4zQM7:TR?=	NYn1O4x3RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkWxOlk1QTFpPkK1NVY6PDlzPD;hQi=>
SKOV-3	MV3Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M4HYfFAvOS1zzszN	MYe0PIg>	NF\5SGNFVVOR	NEW4dFBKSzVyIH;mJFAvP87:TR?=	MkXRQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjVzNkm0PVEoRjJ3MU[5OFkyRC:jPh?=
A549	MmP1S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	MmP2NU0yOM7:TR?=	MkLlNlRp	MormSG1UVw>?	MmPtTWM2OCCxZjCzMlLPxE1?	MWK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTF4OUS5NUc,OjVzNkm0PVE9N2F-
SKOV-3	NVSzO5FFT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M3HuNFEuOTEQvF2=	NEnJTGMzPGh?	NGrZN3FFVVOR	MYPJR\|UxKG:oIEWuOu69VQ>?	M1XyNFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3MU[5OFkyLz5{NUG2PVQ6OTxxYU6=
MCF7	M4D0Rmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NIi3VIgxNTZyMH7N	MorENlRp	NVL0[nFITE2VTx?=	NYPjV2N3UUN3MDDv[kA4PW6P	MYm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTF7MkeyNUc,OjVzOUK3NlE9N2F-
MDA-MB-231	NEPDPYxIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NV62[o1mOC14MEDuUS=>	MWSyOIg>	M{P4OWROW09?	M2jGN2lEPTBib3[gNVAxdk1?	NEDHSoE9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUG5NlczOSd-MkWxPVI4OjF:L3G+
A431	M1jOXmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MkPpOVBvVQ>?	NEjPNoQzNzZxMUKvNlRp	NX;BR4NETE2VTx?=	NV;EeW1b[WO2aY\heIV{KHB{MTDhcoQhcW6qaXLpeJMhSVSIMzDlfJBz\XO\|aX;u	M2noUFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3M{exNFY6Lz5{NUO3NVA3QTxxYU6=
A431	NWHPNWlzSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	MnrPNk8yOC93MD:xNFBvVQ>?	NW\afJlHPDiq	NF3iXIJFVVOR	M3fjbolvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SClZXzsJIdzd3e2aB?=	M{i2WVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3M{exNFY6Lz5{NUO3NVA3QTxxYU6=
PC3	NEO1dphHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MVSwMlHPxE1?	M3XOflQ5cA>?	MljlSG1UVw>?	M13m[Ylv\HWlZYOgbY5kemWjc3Wgc4YhUESDQ{GgZY5lKEiGQVOyJI9vKFOudXeg[4Vv\XNicILvcY91\XJ?	NXfMW3RXRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkW0N\|Q6QTdpPkK1OFM1QTl5PD;hQi=>
SW480	MkW0SpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NHjYPWkxNjIQvF2=	NYrLRpozPDiq	NGnxU3hFVVOR	MoPEbY5lfWOnczDpcoNz\WG\|ZTDv[kBJTEGFMTDhcoQhUESDQ{Kgc44hW2y3ZzDn[Y5meyCycn;tc5Rmeg>?	MYm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTR\|NEm5O{c,OjV2M{S5PVc9N2F-
PC3	MmCxSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	M2DDR\|AvOc7:TR?=	M{P6TlQ5cA>?	MXnEUXNQ	NWDm[5JR[XS2ZX71ZZRmeyCrbo\hd4lwdiCjbnSgcYloemG2aX;u	NHzlToI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUSzOFk6Pyd-MkW0N\|Q6QTd:L3G+
PC3	NWLlN\|B7TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MV[wMlHPxE1?	Ml\QOFhp	NHzC[VBFVVOR	NFXaVZhz\X[ncoPld{BGVVR?	M3LMVlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3NEO0PVk4Lz5{NUSzOFk6PzxxYU6=
SW480	NWLKU2tCTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NETtfVgxNjIQvF2=	Mk\COFhp	MnrvSG1UVw>?	MkT5ZZR1\W63YYTld{Bqdn[jc3nvckBidmRibXnndoF1cW:w	Mn[1QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjV2M{S5PVcoRjJ3NEO0PVk4RC:jPh?=
SW480	MkGzSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MnSwNE4y\|ryP	MYq0PIg>	MWfEUXNQ	MmPEdoV3\XK\|ZYOgSW1V	NUn4XFN4RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkW0N\|Q6QTdpPkK1OFM1QTl5PD;hQi=>
MEFs	NF;EUppHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NUPGcItWPc7:TR?=	MVixOog>		MnXJbY5kemWjc3XzJJRp\SCHUFXDJIF1fGGlaH3lcpQtKFSrcjDk[YxqfmW{eTDhcoQhfGinIHXm[olkcWWwY4mgc4YheGWmZYP0ZYwh\m:{bXH0bY9v	NGCwbY09[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUS4NlY{PCd-MkW0PFI3OzR:L3G+
TE13	NWToN29KSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	MknyNE4{\|ryP	MVOyOIg>		M3PrOYlvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SClZXzsJJBzd2yrZnXyZZRqd25?	NXPmUXdHRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkW1O\|k3PjVpPkK1OVc6PjZ3PD;hQi=>
TE13	M3PjTmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NV[weYJ4OC5\|zszN	NWWzc4NLOjSq		MoL2eZAuemWpdXzheIV{KFKDU2PGOWEhdGW4ZXy=	MY[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTV5OU[2OUc,OjV3N{m2OlU9N2F-
HEK 293	NITTW2xHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	Mkj6NE44\|ryP	M2nqW\|I1cA>?	M2D0WYV1cGGwb3y=	MXzlcohidmOnczDFUoFEKGGlZYT5cIF1cW:wIHHu[EBqdmO{ZXHz[ZMhTU6jQzDhZpVv\GGwY3WgbY4hfGinIITveIFtKGOnbHygcJl{[XSnIHHu[EBifCC2aHWgZ4VtdCC\|dYLmZYNm	NHvSc5E9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUe4O\|A4QSd-MkW3PFcxPzl:L3G+
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melanoma B16/BL6	MXrGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				NGPTOZZKdmirYnn0c5J6KGGldHn2bZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcGm\|dH;u[UBl\WGlZYT5cIF{\SB4IIDy[ZBiemWmIH\yc40hdW:3c3WgcYVt[W6xbXGgRlE3N0KONjDj[YxteyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMEK4JO69VS5?	NFzLfXM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zNUGwPVYzPid-MUWxNFk3OjZ:L3G+
melanoma B16/BL6	NF\Se5NHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				NVKwTJo5UW6qaXLpeI9zgSCjY4Tpeol1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGirc4TvcoUh\GWjY3X0fYxie2ViODDwdoVx[XKnZDDmdo9uKG2xdYPlJI1mdGGwb33hJGIyPi:ETE[gZ4VtdHNuIFnDOVAhRSByLkC0JO69VS5?	M2K4clxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF3MUC5OlI3Lz5zNUGwPVYzPjxxYU6=
293T	NIPKVZFHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				MV3Jcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKGi3bXHuJIhqe3SxbnWg[IVi[2W2eXzhd4UhPCCycnXwZZJm\CCocn;tJFI6O1RiY3XscJMtKEmFNUCgQUAxNjB{IN88UU4>	NHr6VXY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zNUS1OFIzPCd-MUW0OVQzOjR:L3G+
293T	MWTGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				M3jEOmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hcGm\|dH;u[UBl\WGlZYT5cIF{\SBzIIDy[ZBiemWmIH\yc40hOjl\|VDDj[YxteyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMEKg{txONg>?	MkHVQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTV2NUSyNlQoRjF3NEW0NlI1RC:jPh?=
293T	NV7VfVVvTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=				M332[GlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hcGm\|dH;u[UBl\WGlZYT5cIF{\SB4IIDy[ZBiemWmIH\yc40hOjl\|VDDj[YxteyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMEKg{txONg>?	NYXZb\|g{RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUW0OVQzOjRpPkG1OFU1OjJ2PD;hQi=>
293T	Mkf6SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				M2jqTWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hcGm\|dH;u[UBl\WGlZYT5cIF{\SB6IIDy[ZBiemWmIH\yc40hOjl\|VDDj[YxteyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMESg{txONg>?	NVL4e3F2RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUW0OVQzOjRpPkG1OFU1OjJ2PD;hQi=>
HeLa	M1nLOGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7				NVvjR5dIUW6qaXLpeI9zgSClb37j[Y51emG2aX;uJIFo[Wmwc4SgbJVu[W5iaHnzeI9v\SCmZXHj[ZR6dGG\|ZTCoTGRCSyliZoLvcUBJ\UyjIHPlcIx{KHerdHigd5Vje3S{YYTlJFViNCCLQ{WwJF0hOC5yNUS1JO69VS5?	M{j2UFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF3NEW2NlY4Lz5zNUS1OlI3PzxxYU6=
HCT116	MU\BcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhd5NigQ>?				M1z5W2FvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIFkfGm4aYT5JIFo[Wmwc4SgTGNVOTF4IHPlcIx{NCCLQ{WwJF0hOC5yMEGzJO69VS5?	M2ewZlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF4OUC0PFkxLz5zNkmwOFg6ODxxYU6=
H1299	M3T3RWFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIF{e2G7				M3G5[GFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIFkfGm4aYT5JIFo[Wmwc4SgTFEzQTliY3XscJMtKEmFNUCgQUAxNjFizszNMi=>	NFHCSow9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zNkmwOFg6OCd-MU[5NFQ5QTB:L3G+
H661	MVvBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhd5NigQ>?				MmLYRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDIOlYyKGOnbHzzMEBKSzVyIE2gNE4{KM7:TT6=	M2juc\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF4OUC0PFkxLz5zNkmwOFg6ODxxYU6=
H661	NEPBN5ZCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		MmnnOFghcHK\|		NEjJW3lCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBi[3Srdnn0fUBi\2GrboP0JGg3PjFiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JHhVXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3MDC9JFAvODh3IN88UU4>	MVu8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPzZ{NEe3N{c,OTd4MkS3O\|M9N2F-
WiDr	M2HDWWdzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJIF{e2G7				MlfNTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCVQWCxN\|AhdWWmaXH0[YQh[2WubDDndo94fGhiaX6gbJVu[W5iV3nEdkBk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuOVc4PiEQvF2u	NWjMN2d1RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUe2OFMyOTJpPkG3OlQ{OTF{PD;hQi=>
U251	NX;VdYJoTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=				NWnVVpNYUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDTRXAyOzBiaX6gWmVITi2\|dHnteYxifGWmIHj1cYFvKFV{NUGgZ4VtdHNiYomgVGxCWCC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxKD1iMD62NVEzKM7:TT6=	MUe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPzZ2M{GxNkc,OTd4NEOxNVI9N2F-
293T	NEGyepZHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				NWfOZZp4UW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDoeY1idiCKRFHDNUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iMkmzWEBk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNFAyQSEQvF2u	NFfjeWM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zN{i4NVI{Oid-MUe4PFEzOzJ:L3G+
293T	M4LrTWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7				M1fSOmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hUESDQ{Sg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKDJ7M2SgZ4VtdHNuIFnDOVAhRSByLkCwNkDPxE1w	NHPQb2E9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zN{i4NVI{Oid-MUe4PFEzOzJ:L3G+
293T	Ml;tSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				MV7Jcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKG2xdYPlJGhFSUN4IHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckAzQTOWIHPlcIx{NCCLQ{WwJF0hOC5yMEK4JO69VS5?	MXi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPzh6MUKzNkc,OTd6OEGyN\|I9N2F-
H661	M2LyeGFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIF{e2G7		MnvnOFghcHK\|		Mo\BRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDIOlYyKGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IES4JIhzeyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMEi1JO69VS5?	M2r5RVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5OEm3PFI1Lz5zN{i5O\|gzPDxxYU6=
293T	NUfkZnZ4TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=				MYDJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKEiGQVOxJIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiB{OUPUJINmdGy\|LDDJR\|UxKD1iMD6xPUDPxE1w	NWG2[FNlRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUe5NFA6OTFpPkG3PVAxQTFzPD;hQi=>
293T	MWTGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				MkHnTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCKRFHDOEBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iMkmzWEBk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNkDPxE1w	M1vrTlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5OUCwPVEyLz5zN{mwNFkyOTxxYU6=
293T	MmLiSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				NEjTS\|BKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjERWM3KGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjCyPVNVKGOnbHzzMEBKSzVyIE2gNE4zQCEQvF2u	MlzOQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTd7MEC5NVEoRjF5OUCwPVEyRC:jPh?=
NIH3T3	MoX2SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				MnjsTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBz\WOxbXLpcoFvfCCKRFHDNUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iTlnIN3Q{KGOnbHzzMEBKSzVyIE2gNE4xOjFizszNMi=>	Ml3OQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTd7Mkm3PVgoRjF5OUK5O\|k5RC:jPh?=
human 293	NWC0WZVDTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=				M3n2OmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hemWlb33ibY5idnRiSFTBR\|Qh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIEK5N{Bk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNFM1KM7:TT6=	NYPrTm9ZRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUe5Nlk4QThpPkG3PVI6Pzl6PD;hQi=>
mouse 293	MXzGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				M3vsSmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZibX;1d4UhemWlb33ibY5idnRiSFTBR\|Yh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIEK5N{Bk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNFgyKM7:TT6=	NUPGV2NbRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUe5Nlk4QThpPkG3PVI6Pzl6PD;hQi=>
SKBR3	MmD2RY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZZN{[Xl?				Mne5RY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDoeY1idiCVS1LSN{Bk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNFIh\|ryPLh?=	NVTKdnFmRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUiyOFc2PTRpPkG4NlQ4PTV2PD;hQi=>
MM96L	Ml3ESpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				MmfRTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBOVTl4TDDj[YxteyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMEOg{txONg>?	NWDB[5g1RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUiyOFc2PTRpPkG4NlQ4PTV2PD;hQi=>
SNU16	MUDGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				Mk\4TY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCKRFHDJIZzd21iaIXtZY4hW06XMU[gZ4VtdHNuIFnDOVAhRSByLkC1N{DPxE1w	MUe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQDJ2N{W1OEc,OTh{NEe1OVQ9N2F-
A549	M{fzXGFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIF{e2G7				NUjsZWloSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[WO2aY\peJkh[WejaX7zeEBpfW2jbjDBOVQ6KGOnbHzzMEBKSzVyIE2gNE4xQCEQvF2u	NHnISnY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOEK0O\|U2PCd-MUiyOFc2PTR:L3G+
MKN45	NFnNTpRCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=				MkLJRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgZYdicW6\|dDDoeY1idiCPS160OUBk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNUDPxE1w	MX[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQDJ2N{W1OEc,OTh{NEe1OVQ9N2F-
SQ20B	NE\mXIlHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				M{TUc2lvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hW1F{MFKgZ4VtdHNuIFnDOVAhRSByLkKg{txONg>?	M3L6dFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF6MkS3OVU1Lz5zOEK0O\|U2PDxxYU6=
neonatal foreskin fibroblasts	Ml\mS5Jwf3SqIHnubIljcXSrb36gZZN{[Xl?				MWPHdo94fGhiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBpfW2jbjDu[Y9v[XSjbDDmc5Jme2urbjDmbYJzd2KuYYP0d{Bk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNkDPxE1w	NYLs[GU{RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUiyOFc2PTRpPkG4NlQ4PTV2PD;hQi=>
HeLa	M1fxdWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7				NVXJRmJLUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDISGFEKG[{b32gbJVu[W5iSHXMZUBk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuN{DPxE1w	MX:8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQDJ2N{W1OEc,OTh{NEe1OVQ9N2F-
MM96L/NFF	NFj1PG9HfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				NWHoRVZwW2WuZXP0bZZqfHliaX7k[ZgtKHKjdHnvJI9nKEmFNUCg[o9zKGi3bXHuJG1OQT[OIHPlcIx{KHSxIFnDOVAh\m:{IHj1cYFvKE6IRjDj[YxteyxiSVO1NEA:KDZwNzFOwG0v	NFLsb4g9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOEK0O\|U2PCd-MUiyOFc2PTR:L3G+
293T	NGX6fFZHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				NVK4[WdGUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDoeY1idiCKRFHDNUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iMkmzWEBk\WyuczygTWM2OCB;IECuNFM3PiEQvF2u	NYjYZXVzRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUizPVc5OjZpPkG4N\|k4QDJ4PD;hQi=>
293T	NFHISXVHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				NGXvbIhKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIHj1cYFvKEiGQVO0JIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiB{OUPUJINmdGy\|LDDJR\|UxKD1iMD6wOlI6KM7:TT6=	NUfjZ\|ZERGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUizPVc5OjZpPkG4N\|k4QDJ4PD;hQi=>
293T	NYTkZ\|h5TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=				MkDSTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBJTEGFNjDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4hOjl\|VDDj[YxteyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMEizN{DPxE1w	MmHCQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTh\|OUe4NlYoRjF6M{m3PFI3RC:jPh?=
HeLa	Ml;HSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				Ml;6TY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBJTEGFIHnuJGhmVGFiY3XscJMh[nliZnzveZIh\GVibInzJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxKD1iMD6wNFUh\|ryPLh?=	MWi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQDN7N{iyO{c,OTh\|OUe4Nlc9N2F-
S2	MYfGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				MnXrTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCSbHHzcY9lcXWvIH\hcINqeGG{dX2gTGRCSzFiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJGRzd3OxcHjpcIEhdWWuYX7v[4F{fGW{IGOyJINmdGy\|LDDJR\|UxKD1iMD6wNFA3KM7:TT6=	Mn7OQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTl\|MUe0OVAoRjF7M{G3OFUxRC:jPh?=
NCI-H661	NGn4VndCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		Mk[2OFghcHK\|		M3HYcmFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIFkfGm4aYT5JIFo[Wmwc4SgbJVu[W5iTlPJMWg3PjFiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JHhVXCCjc4PhfUwhUUN3MDC9JFAvOSEQvF2u	NYTIeYRCRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUmzPFU3ODBpPkG5N\|g2PjByPD;hQi=>
NIH3T3	MW\GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				NX7mN49pUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDISGFEOSCrbjDoeY1idiCQSVizWFMh[2WubIOgZpkhemGmaX;t[ZRzcWNiaHnzeI9v\SCmZXHj[ZR6dGG2aX;uJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxKD1iMD6wNFYh\|ryPLh?=	MVm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQTR3N{[1PUc,OTl2NUe2OVk9N2F-
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HeLa	NYPIcmxLS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHzd4F6		MXe5OkBpenN?		MljUR5l1d3SxeHnjbZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gTIVN[SClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjC5OkBpenNiYomgUXRVKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyIE2gNE45PSEQvF2u	NF73Xow9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUW1OlExOid-MkW1OVYyODJ:L3G+
HepG2	M{jDWWN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>		M4rKVVk3KGi{cx?=		M2HEWmN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjZ3HpcpN1KGi3bXHuJGhmeEd{IHPlcIx{KGGodHXyJFk3KGi{czDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUCgQUAxNjl4IN88UU4>	MXy8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTV3NkGwNkc,OjV3NU[xNFI9N2F-
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Sf9	NXPoUlV{TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		NYnBeJF3QTBibXnudy=>		MVTJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKG[3bHygcIVv\3SqIHj1cYFvKHKnY3;tZolv[W62IF6teIVzdWmwYXygS3NVNXSjZ3fl[EBJTEGFNjCoNUB1dyBzMkG1JJJme2mmdXXzLUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5ic3[5JINmdGy\|IIXzbY5oKFKKSz3LLGFkMS2DTVOgZZMhe3Wkc4TyZZRmKGmwY4XiZZRm\CCob4KgPVAhdWmwczDifUBndHWxcnXzZ4Vv[2ViYYPzZZktKEmFNUCgQUAxNjByMUexOkDPxE1w	MYC8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPzB4MEe2OEc,OjdyNkC3OlQ9N2F-
Sf21	MlvjSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		MXG2NEBucW6\|		NEjuS3RKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIH\1cIwhdGWwZ4ToJIh2dWGwIILlZ49u[mmwYX70JGMufGW{bXnuZYwhTkyDRz3IbZMufGGpZ3XkJGhFSUNzIDixJJRwKDR6MjDy[ZNq\HWnczmg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKFOoMkGgZ4VtdHNidYPpcochWkiNLVuoRYMqNUGPQzDhd{B{fWK\|dILheIUhcW6ldXLheIVlKG[xcjC2NEBucW6\|IHL5JIZtfW:{ZYPj[Y5k\SCjc4PhfUwhUUN3MDC9JFAvODB4NUe0JO69VS5?	MlvTQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjdyNkC3OlQoRjJ5ME[wO\|Y1RC:jPh?=
insect cell	M3nUSGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		MVy2NEBucW6\|		NV;CXYU4UW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDmeYxtKGynbnf0bEBpfW2jbjDy[YNwdWKrbnHueEBENXSncn3pcoFtKEeVVD30ZYdo\WRiSFTBR\|IhMDFidH:gOFg5KHKnc3nkeYV{MSCneIDy[ZN{\WRiaX6gbY5{\WO2IHPlcIx{KHW\|aX7nJHJJUy2NKFHjLU1CVUNiYYOgd5Vje3S{YYTlJIlv[3WkYYTl[EBnd3JiNkCgcYlveyCkeTDmcJVwemW\|Y3XuZ4Uh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTBiPTCwMlAyODVzIN88UU4>	MUm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPzB4MEe2OEc,OjdyNkC3OlQ9N2F-
insect cell	M4nuemZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		Mn62OlAhdWmwcx?=		NXG2S48yUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDmeYxtKGynbnf0bEBpfW2jbjDy[YNwdWKrbnHueEBENXSncn3pcoFtKEircz30ZYdo\WRiSFTBR\|MhMDFidH:gOFI5KHKnc3nkeYV{MS:qdX3hckBz\WOxbXLpcoFvfCCQLYTldo1qdmGuIFfTWE11[WepZXSgUmNQWjJiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJIlve2WldDDj[YxteyC3c3nu[{BTUEtvSzjBZ{kuSU2FIHHzJJN2[nO2cnH0[UBqdmO3YnH0[YQh\m:{IE[wJI1qdnNiYomg[ox2d3Knc3PlcoNmKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyIE2gNE4xOTFyNzFOwG0v	MlTUQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjdyNkC3OlQoRjJ5ME[wO\|Y1RC:jPh?=
insect cell	NEe0[YJHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				M1i0NWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiaIXtZY4hemWlb33ibY5idnRiTj30[ZJucW6jbDDIbZMufGGpZ3XkJGhFSUNzMTCoNUB1dyB\|NEegdoV{cWS3ZYOpJIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiCrboPlZ5Qh[2WubIOvZoFkfWyxdnnyeZMh\XiycnXzd4lwdiC\|eYP0[Y0hfXOrbnegVmhMNUtqQXOpMWFOSyCjczDzeYJ{fHKjdHWgZpkh\my3b4Lld4NmdmOnIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwJF0hOC5yMUGzO{DPxE1w	MYi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPzB4MEe2OEc,OjdyNkC3OlQ9N2F-
insect cell	MYnGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		NF3Cc4g3OCCvaX7z		Mnn2TY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBz\WOxbXLpcoFvfCCFLYTldo1qdmGuIFjpd{11[WepZXSgTGRCSzhiKEGgeI8hOzd5IILld4llfWW\|KTDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4hcW6\|ZXP0JINmdGy\|IIXzbY5oKFKKSz3LLGFkMS2NKFHjLU1CVUNiYYOgd5Vje3S{YYTlJIlv[3WkYYTl[EBnd3JiNkCgcYlveyCkeTDmcJVwemW\|Y3XuZ4Uh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTBiPTCwMlMxPzRizszNMi=>	MXy8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPzB4MEe2OEc,OjdyNkC3OlQ9N2F-
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insect cell	NVLncFBrTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=				M1v2eGlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiTj30[ZJucW6jbDDHV3QufGGpZ3XkJJJm[2:vYnnuZY51KGi3bXHuJGhFSUN4IHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckBj[WO3bH;2bZJ2eyCrbn\lZ5Rm\CCrboPlZ5Qh[2WubIOgeZNqdmdiUljLT{hC[ymDTVOgZZMhe3Wkc4TyZZRmKGK7IH\seY9z\XOlZX7j[U1j[XOnZDDhd5NigSxiSVO1NEA:KDBwMEC4OUDPxE1w	MV[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8{ODN4NUi5Nkc,OzB\|NkW4PVI9N2F-
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insect cell	MVHGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?				M1nlSGlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZicnXjc41jcW6jboSgbJVu[W5iSFTBR\|MwVkORUkKg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKGKjY4Xsc5ZqenW\|IHnu[oVkfGWmIHnud4VkfCClZXzsd{B2e2mwZzDSTGtMMEGlKVHNR{BieyC\|dXLzeJJifGViYomg[ox2d3Knc3PlcoNmNWKjc3XkJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxKD1iMD6wNVI4KM7:TT6=	NHH0bZI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9\|MEO2OVg6Oid-M{CzOlU5QTJ:L3G+
insect cell	M4jIfGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7				MWDJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKENvdHXycYlv[WxiR2PUMZRi\2enZDDy[YNwdWKrbnHueEBpfW2jbjDISGFEOiCneIDy[ZN{\WRiaX6gZoFkfWyxdnnyeZMhcW6oZXP0[YQhcW6\|ZXP0JINmdGy\|IIXzbY5oKFKKS1uoRYMqSU2FIHHzJJN2[nO2cnH0[UBjgSCobIXvdoV{[2WwY3WtZoF{\WRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUCgQUAxNjB{Nkeg{txONg>?	M1K3N\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzNyM{[1PFkzLz5\|MEO2OVg6OjxxYU6=
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insect cell	M{Lr[GZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		MU[2NEBucW6\|		NUjM[VlXUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDmeYxtKGynbnf0bEBz\WOxbXLpcoFvfCCqdX3hckBENXSncn3pcoFtKEircz30ZYdo\WRiSFTBR\|MwVi22ZYLtbY5idCCJU2SteIFo\2WmIILlZ49u[mmwYX70JIh2dWGwIF7DU3IzKCh\|OUWgeI8hPDh7IILld4llfWW\|KTDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4h[mGldXzveolzfXNvaX7m[YN1\WRiaX7z[YN1KGOnbHzzJJV{cW6pIGLIT2spSWNrQV3DJIF{KHO3YoP0doF1\SCjZoTldkA3OCCvaX7zJIJ6KG[udX;ybY1mfGW{LDDLbUA:KDBwMECwPFQh\|ryPLh?=	MV28ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTV6OUS0NUc,Ojl3OEm0OFE9N2F-
insect cell	M4LBbmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		M3\TRlYxKG2rboO=		NVTvbnVxUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDmeYxtKGynbnf0bEBz\WOxbXLpcoFvfCCqdX3hckBENXSncn3pcoFtKEeVVD30ZYdo\WRiSFTBR\|Ih\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIHLhZ5Vtd3[rcoXzMYlv\mWldHXkJIlve2WldDDj[YxteyC3c3nu[{BTUEuNKFHjLWFOSyCjczDzeYJ{fHKjdHWgZYZ1\XJiNkCgcYlveyCkeTDmcJVwemmvZYTldkwhU2liPTCwMlAxOzV3IN88UU4>	MVK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTV6OUS0NUc,Ojl3OEm0OFE9N2F-
insect cell	MkLtSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				MlvWTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iC{ZXPvcYJqdmGwdDDoeY1idiCKRFHDNVAh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIHLhZ5Vtd3[rcoXzMYlv\mWldHXkJIlve2WldDDj[YxteyC3c3nu[{BndHWxcn;n[Y5q[yCyZYD0bYRmKFKKS1vBZ{BieyC\|dXLzeJJifGViYomg[ox2d3KrbXX0[ZItKEurIE2gNE4xODR5NjFOwG0v	M13uS\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NUi5OFQyLz5{OUW4PVQ1OTxxYU6=
insect cell	MVvGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		MnrhOlAhdWmwcx?=		NIrGfIJKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIILlZ49u[mmwYX70JIh2dWGwIFOteIVzdWmwYXygTIl{NXSjZ3fl[EBJTEGFODCoNUB1dyB\|N{egdoV{cWS3ZYOpJIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiCkYXP1cI93cXK3cz3pcoZm[3SnZDDpcpNm[3RiY3XscJMhfXOrbnegVmhMMEGlKVuoRYMqSU2FIHHzJJN2[nO2cnH0[UBi\nSncjC2NEBucW6\|IHL5JIZtfW:{aX3leIVzNCCNaTC9JFAvOTR3IN88UU4>	MV:8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTV6OUS0NUc,Ojl3OEm0OFE9N2F-
insect cell	Mnv3SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				NETvVHpKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIILlZ49u[mmwYX70JIh2dWGwIF6teIVzdWmwYXygTIl{NXSjZ3fl[EBJTEGFMUGgLFEhfG9iM{S3JJJme2mmdXXzLUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iYnHjeYxwfmm{dYOtbY5n\WO2ZXSgbY5{\WO2IHPlcIx{KHW\|aX7nJHJJU0tqQXOpRW1EKGG\|IIP1ZpN1emG2ZTDifUBndHWxcnnt[ZRmeixiS3mgQUAxNjRyMTFOwG0v	NX7kSm1ERGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm1PFk1PDFpPkK5OVg6PDRzPD;hQi=>
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A549	NUDkWWlNTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	MmfmNE4yKHWP			NILETmNKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGPJVnQzKGmwIFG1OFkh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMh[WKrbHn0fUB1dyCrbnT1Z4UhcHmyZYLhZ4V1gWyjdHnvckBw\iC2dXL1cIlvKGK7IGfld5Rmem5iYnzveEBidmGueYPpd{BifCByLkGgeW0>	MXG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPzF2OUi2NEc,OTdzNEm4OlA9N2F-
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HEK293	Mn;QSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	M373SFYxOCCwTR?=			M{XmdWlv[3KnYYPlJIlvKEeUUEe4JJBzd3SnaX6gcIV3\WxiaX6gTGVMOjl\|IHPlcIx{KGG2IE[wNEBvVSCkeTDpcY12dm:kbH;0	M2TCV\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5NU[2O\|MzLz5zN{W2Olc{OjxxYU6=
HEK293	Mo\MSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	NE[5UZQ3ODBibl2=			MlfoTY5kemWjc3WgbY4heHKxdHXpckBlcXO3bH\p[IUhcXOxbXXyZZNmKGyndnXsJIlvKEiHS{K5N{Bk\WyuczDheEA3ODBibl2gZpkhcW2vdX7vZoxwfA>?	M12yXlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5NU[2O\|MzLz5zN{W2Olc{OjxxYU6=
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HeLa	MmXLSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	MlyzNUB2VQ>?	Mn;pNlQhcHK\|		M{fPcGlv\HWldHnvckBw\iCyMkeg[ZhxemW\|c3nvckBqdiCqdX3hckBJ\UyjIHPlcIx{KGG2IEGgeW0h[W[2ZYKgNlQhcHK\|IHL5JHdme3Sncn6gZoxwfHSrbne=	NVrwRmJzRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUe2OFMyOTFpPkG3OlQ{OTFzPD;hQi=>
HeLa	MlLhSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	MmDqNUB2VQ>?	M33tXlI1KGi{cx?=		M{H4eGlv\HWldHnvckBw\iCyMkGg[ZhxemW\|c3nvckBqdiCqdX3hckBJ\UyjIHPlcIx{KGG2IEGgeW0h[W[2ZYKgNlQhcHK\|IHL5JHdme3Sncn6gZoxwfHSrbne=	M2HzflxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5NkSzNVEyLz5zN{[0N\|EyOTxxYU6=
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HCT116	NW\JSJNITnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=				MkjETY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBJTEGFNjDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{B1fWK3bHnuJIh6eGW{YXPleJlt[XSrb36gbY4hcHWvYX6gTGNVOTF4IHPlcIx{KGK7IGfld5Rmem5iYnzveC=>	MYe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQDB3NEKzPUc,OThyNUSyN\|k9N2F-
HEK293 STF	MYXGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		NGmzb3YzPCCqcoO=		MkPvRYN1cX[jdHnvckBw\iCvb4Xz[UBYdnR\|YTDzbYdv[Wyrbneg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKEiHS{K5N{BUXEZiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7jdoVie2ViaX6geJJidnOlcnnweIlwdmGuIHHjeIl3cXS7IHHmeIVzKDJ2IHjyd{BjgSCudXPp[oVz[XOnIILldI9zfGW{IHflcoUu[mG\|ZXSgcIFkfGG2ZTDk[Yh6\HKxZ3XuZZNmKGG\|c3H5	NVXPUFFoRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUmwNlI3PzVpPkG5NFIzPjd3PD;hQi=>
NCI-H661	NI\4OGlHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=	Mnu0N\|AxKG6P	M3XyPVYhcHK\|		NFi5bHBKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjERWMhcW5iaIXtZY4hVkOLLVi2OlEh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMhcW6mdXP0bY9vKG:oIHjpd5RwdmViSESgZYNmfHmuYYTpc44h[XRiM{CwJI5OKGGodHXyJFYhcHK\|IHL5JHdme3Sncn6gZoxwfCCjbnHsfZNqew>?	MkfQQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTl\|OEW2NFAoRjF7M{i1OlAxRC:jPh?=
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HL60	NH7LTY1HfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=	NEnSWZQzOCC3Zz;tcC=>	M4DYclI1KGi{cx?=		MXTJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKEiGQVOgbY4hcHWvYX6gTGw3OCClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCrbnPy[YF{\SCrbjDobZN1d26nIFizJIFk\XS7bHH0bY9vKGG2IEKwJJVoN22uIHHmeIVzKDJ2IHjyd{BjgSCZZYP0[ZJvKGKub4SgZY5idHm\|aYO=	MkfLQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTl3M{S0O\|EoRjF7NUO0OFcyRC:jPh?=
primary bronchial epithelial cell	MmrUSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	MnGxNE4yKHWP			MlzTTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCKRFHDO{BqdiCqdX3hckBxemmvYYL5JIJzd26laHnhcEBmeGm2aHXsbYFtKGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGmwZIXjeIlwdiCxZjDteZRidnRiRnTlcJRiPTB6IFPGWHIheHKxdHXpckBieGmlYXygd5Vz\mGlZTDsc4NidGm8YYTpc44h[XRiMD6xJJVO	MXi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQTl4Nke4PUc,OTl7Nk[3PFk9N2F-
MCF7	NF;Ub2ZHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=	M17WblAvOSC3TR?=	NULx[otuOTZiaILz		M2XX[2lvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiU1nSWFIhcW5iaIXtZY4hVUOINzDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczD0eYJ2dGmwIHj5dIVz[WOndInsZZRqd25iYYSgNE4yKHWPIHHmeIVzKDF4IHjyd{BjgSCZZYP0[ZJvKGKub4S=	MUW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zODB\|MEO0N{c,OjByM{CzOFM9N2F-
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PC12	NIX3VYxHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=	NWPNNGoyOTBidV2=	MojrOFghcHK\|		MYjJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKEiGQVO2JIlvKHKjdDDQR\|EzKGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGGlZYT5cIF1cW:wIH;mJIhqe3SxbnWgTFMh[XRiMUCgeW0h[W[2ZYKgOFghcHK\|IHL5JHdme3Sncn6gZoxwfHSrbnegZY5idHm\|aYO=	NYfsT5V2RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO5NFU3QDBpPkKzPVA2PjhyPD;hQi=>
PC12	MVPGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	MoHENVAhfU1?	MlfTOFghcHK\|		M1rKfGlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiSFTBR\|YhcW5icnH0JHBEOTJiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7keYN1cW:wIH;mJIFteGijLYT1ZpVtcW5iYXPleJlt[XSrb36gZZQhOTBidV2gZYZ1\XJiNEigbJJ{KGK7IGfld5Rmem5iYnzveJRqdmdiYX7hcJl{cXN?	M1XGS\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|OUC1OlgxLz5{M{mwOVY5ODxxYU6=
PC12	M{LwPWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	MmjGNVAhfU1?	NITQcVQ2KGSjeYO=		NIXUWHBKdmS3Y4Tpc44hd2ZibnX1dol1\SCxdYTndo94fGhiaX6gdoF1KFCFMUKgZ4VtdHNiYYSgNVAhfU1iYX\0[ZIhPSCmYYnz	MmG0QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN7MEW2PFAoRjJ\|OUC1OlgxRC:jPh?=
SH-SY5Y	MY\GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	MY[xNEB2VQ>?	MWG1JIRigXN?		NFzlcmFKdmS3Y4Tpc44hd2ZibnX1dol1\SCxdYTndo94fGhiaX6gbJVu[W5iU1itV3k2YSClZXzsd{BifCBzMDD1UUBi\nSncjC1JIRigXN?	MYW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzlyNU[4NEc,OjN7MEW2PFA9N2F-
A549	NYDhVHF7SW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=	MlPuNE41KHWP	NV[2TlQ6OjRiaILz		NGDKdVFCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBi[3Srdnn0fUBi\2GrboP0JIh2dWGwIFG1OFkh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMhe2i{dX7r[Y4h[W6mIIPoZZJxKHOqYYDlJIF1KDBwNDD1UUBi\nSncjCyOEBpenNiYomgdIhie2ViY3;ueJJie3RibXnjdo9{[2:yeR?=	Mn3XQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjV6OESxNVIoRjJ3OEi0NVEzRC:jPh?=
HeLa	Mo\RSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?				MoXJTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCKRFHDOkBqdiCqdX3hckBJ\UyjIHPlcIx{KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IIT1ZpVtcW5iYXPleJlt[XSrb36gbY5kfWKjdHXkJIZweiCxdnXycolocHRiYomgbY1ufW6xZnz1c5Jme2OnbnPlJI1q[3Kxc3PvdIlkKGGwYXz5d4l{	MWq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPjZzMUmxPUc,OjZ4MUG5NVk9N2F-
C127-LT	M3jZTWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NFLBW4EzODBibl2=	NEntZYozPCCqcoO=		Mn7lTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCKRFHDJIlvKG2xdYPlJGMyOjdvTGSgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOgZYN1cX[jdHnvckBw\iCHR1\QJIV5eHKnc4Ppc44h[XRiMkCwJI5OKGGodHXyJFI1KGi{czDifUBndHWxcnXzZ4Vv[2VibXnjdo9{[2:yeR?=	MVm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPjl7NkO3Nkc,OjZ7OU[zO\|I9N2F-
HeLa nuclear	MmPjSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	MkH4NVAhfG9iMkWgeW0>	MoDvN\|AhdWmwcx?=		MXnDc41x\XSrdHn2[UBqdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjERWMhcW5iaIXtZY4hUGWOYTDueYNt\WG{IHPlcIx{KGG2IEGwJJRwKDJ3IIXNJJV{cW6pIFLvZ{1i[2W2eXytcJl{cW6nLVHNR{BieyC\|dXLzeJJifGViYX\0[ZIhOzBibXnud{BjgSCOaX7le4VifmW{LVL1dosheGyxdDDhcoFtgXOrcx?=	M2Ta[FxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ4OUm2N\|czLz5{Nkm5OlM4OjxxYU6=
HeLa	Mn;QSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	M1;0RlIhfU1?	NXrvc3l3OjRiaILz		NH;TUJhKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjERWMyKGmwIHj1cYFvKEinTHGgZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOgbJlx\XKjY3X0fYxifGmxbjDv[kBpcXO2b37lJGg{KGG2IEKgeW0hcW6ldXLheIVlKG[xcjCyOEBpenNiYomgW4V{fGW{bjDicI91KGGwYXz5d4l{	NUnpb\|JXRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkewOlA4PjRpPkK3NFYxPzZ2PD;hQi=>
HN13	MVPGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		MniwNlQhcHK\|		MWPJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKEiGQVOgbY4hcHWvYX6gTG4yOyClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyC{ZXT1Z5Rqd25iaX6gbIl{fG:wZTDIN{BNgXN7IHHj[ZR6dGG2aX;uJIlv[3WkYYTl[EBnd3JiMkSgbJJ{KGK7IHntcZVvd2[udX;y[ZNk\W6lZTDhd5NigQ>?	MkLyQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjlyM{GwOlYoRjJ7MEOxNFY3RC:jPh?=
HeLaS3	NXuydoZNTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	MXKxNEB2VQ>?			NETCe5FKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjERWMhcW5iaIXtZY4hUGWOYWOzJINmdGy\|IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJIlv[3KnYYPlJIlvKGirc4TvcoUhUDONOTDhZ4V1gWyjdHnvckBifCBzMDD1UUBu\WG\|dYLl[EBqdW2nZHnheIVtgSCkeTDpcY12dm:kbH;0JIFv[Wy7c3nz	NGLQV4c9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9\|MEK1PFU{PSd-M{CyOVg2OzV:L3G+
HeLaS3	NFK4dXpHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=	M4XhO\|ExKHWP	MU[xOkBpenN?		NYi4bFRYUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDISGFEKGmwIHj1cYFvKEinTHHTN{Bk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{BqdmO{ZXHz[UBqdiCqaYP0c45mKEh\|S{mgZYNmfHmuYYTpc44h[XRiMUCgeW0hfHKnYYTl[EBnd3JiMU[gbJJ{KG[xbHzve4VlKGK7IHPvcZBwfW6mIIfhd4hwfXRiYX7kJI1m[XO3cnXkJJVxKHSxIEK0JIhzeyCkeTDpcY12dm:kbH;0JIFv[Wy7c3nz	MVq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8{ODJ3OEWzOUc,OzB{NUi1N\|U9N2F-

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	EGFR / STAT3 ; PubMed: 31289542 Oncol Lett Expression of EGFR and STAT3 in PC3 cells treated with TSA. PC3 cells were plated in 6-cm dishes, and 0.25, 0.5 or 1 µM TSA was added for 24 h. DMSO was added into the control group wells. Cells were collected and lysed with lysis buffer and the protein expression analyzed via western blotting. Cyclin D1 / CDK6 / CDK4 / p-RB / RB; PubMed: 31289542 Oncol Lett Expression of cyclin D1, CDK6, CDK4 and RB, and the phosphorylation of RB, was detected in PC3 cells treated with TSA for 24 h. MMP-1 / MMP-3 / MMP-13 / TIMP-1; PubMed: 27431944 Mol Med Rep Chondrocytes were pretreated with increasing concentrations of TSA for 2 h, followed by stimulation with 5 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h. Acetyl-H3 (Lys27) / H3 (96C10) / Acetyl-H4(Lys8) / H4(L64C1); PubMed: 27431944 Mol Med Rep Chondrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of TSA for 24 h. α-H3Ac / α-H4Ac / α-H3K9Ac / α-H3K9 S10 / α-H3K4 me / α-H3K4 me2 / α-H3K9 me2; PubMed: 23802098 Front Oncol Histone acetylation occurs directly at the promoter region of IL-23R. The ChIP assay demonstrates that TSA treatment results in an increase in the acetylation of histone H3 and H4. A549 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of TSA (250 ng/mL) for a period of 24 h. Subsequently, a ChIP assay was performed using the following antibodies; pan acetyl-histone H3 (H3Ac), pan acetyl-histone H4 (H4Ac), acetyl-histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9Ac), acetyl-histone H3 Lys 9/14 (H3K9/14ac), acetyl-histone H3 Lys 9 phosphoSer10 (H3K9S10), methyl-histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4Me), di methyl-histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4Me2), and di methyl-histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9Me2). Input DNA serves as a positive control as recommended by the manufacturer (Diagenode). A no antibody control was included to test for non-specific binding (UT, untreated; TSA, Trichostatin A).	31289542 27431944 23802098
Immunofluorescence	α-C/EBPβ / α-HP1α ; PubMed: 21122806 Exp Cell Res 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were grown on coverslips for three days and induced to differentiate by treatment with MDI (48 h) in the presence of vehicle (-TSA) or 87 nM Trichostatin A (+TSA). Under these experimental conditions: A-H Cells were fixed and permeabilized in cold methanol, subjected to IIF with the indicated antibodies, and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar, 5 μm. α-HDAC1 ; PubMed: 29045501 PLoS One MCF-7 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of trichostatin A (optical sections E-H, respectively) for 12 hours, fixed, permeabilized and optical sections were obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Fluorescence signal for HDAC1 is shown in green (left panels), DAPI staining is shown in blue (middle panels), and merged optical sections are shown in the right panels. α-tubulin / acetylated histone 3; PubMed: 27957719 Neurotherapeutics Immunocytochemistry for acetylated α-tubulin (red) and acetylated histone 3 (green) on N2a cells treated with 1 μM TSA, ACY-738, and ACY-775.	21122806 29045501 27957719
Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability (A549 cells); PubMed: 27571418 PLoS One Cytotoxicity of histamine determined by MTT assay in A549 cells. Cell viability (MDA-MB-231 cells); PubMed: 27548148 Int J Mol Sci The human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were incubated with various concentrations of TSA (0–300 nM) for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by WST-8. Cell viability (PC3 cells); PubMed: 31289542 Oncol Lett PC3 cells were plated in a 96-well plate and treated with different doses of TSA (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 µM) for 72 h; an MTT assay was used to measure the effects of TSA on PC3 cell proliferation.	27571418 27548148 31289542

In vivo

Administration of Trichostatin A at 0.5 mg/kg for 4 weeks displays potent antitumor activity in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinoma model, without any measurable toxicity at doses up to 5 mg/kg. ^[1] Single intraperitoneal doses of 10 mg/kg Trichostatin A in nontransgenic and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) model mice results in increased levels of acetylated H3 and H4 histones and modest increases in survival motor neuron (SMN) gene expression. Administration of Trichostatin A at 10 mg/kg/day improves survival, attenuates weight loss, and enhances motor behavior in the SMA model mice. ^[5]

Protocol

Kinase Assay: ^[1]	- Collapse In vitro HDAC activity: Total cellular extracts are prepared from each breast cancer cell line (MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, CAL 51, or SK-BR-3). A 20 μL crude cell extract (~2.5 ×10⁵ cells), in the presence of varying concentrations of Trichostatin A in 0.1% (v/v) ethanol or 0.1% (v/v) ethanol as vehicle control, are incubated for 60 minutes at 25 °C with 1 μL (~1.5 × 10⁶ cpm) of [³H]acetyl-labeled histone H4 peptide substrate (NH2-terminal residues 2-20) that has been acetylated with [³H]acetic acid, sodium salt (3.7 GBq/mmol) by an in vitro incorporation method. Each 200 μL reaction is quenched with 50 μL of 1 M HCl/0.16 M acetic acid and extracted with 600 μL of ethyl acetate, and released [³H]acetate is quantified by scintillation counting. IC50 values are determined graphically using nonlinear regression to fit inhibition data to the appropriate dose-response curve.
Cell Research: ^[1]	- Collapse Cell lines: MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, CAL 51, and SK-BR-3 Concentrations: Dissolved in absolute ethanol, final concentrations ~10 μM Incubation Time: 96 hours Method: Cells are exposed to various concentrations of Trichostatin A for 96 hours. After treatment, cell proliferation is estimated using the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Cell viability is determined by trypan blue exclusion. (Only for Reference)
Animal Research: ^[1]	- Collapse Animal Models: Inbred virgin female (Ludwig/Wistar/Olac) rats bearing tumors induced with NMU Dosages: ~5 mg/kg/day Administration: Injection s.c. (Only for Reference)

References

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	23 mg/mL (76.05 mM)
	Water	Insoluble
	Ethanol	Insoluble
In vivo	Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations): 2% DMSO+30% PEG 300+2% Tween 80+ddH2O For best results, use promptly after mixing.	1.5mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Trichostatin A (TSA) SDF

Molecular Weight	302.4
Formula	C₁₇H₂₂N₂O₃
CAS No.	58880-19-6
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	N/A
Smiles	CC(C=C(C)C=CC(=O)NO)C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N(C)C

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

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Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (Different batches have different solubility ratios, please contact Selleck to provide you with the correct ratio)

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Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and MSDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and MSDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):

Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2021-01-06)

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT04606771	Recruiting	Drug: Osimertinib + Savolitinib\|Drug: Savolitinib + Placebo	Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	AstraZeneca	September 28 2020	Phase 2
NCT03901053	Recruiting	Device: Reaktiv AFO\|Device: PhatBrace AFO	Foot Injuries and Disorders	Jason Wilken\|Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center\|Walter Reed National Military Medical Center\|Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine\|Center for Veterans Research and Education\|University of Delaware\|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health\|University of Iowa	February 27 2020	Not Applicable
NCT03887650	Recruiting	Drug: Liposomal Bupivicaine 1.3%\|Drug: Bupivacaine 0.5%	Post-operative Pain\|Total Shoulder Arthroplasty\|Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder\|Pain Management	Hartford Hospital	January 14 2019	Phase 4

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

Tel: +1-832-582-8158 Ext:3

If you have any other enquiries, please leave a message.

Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
I would like to obtain the enantiomers of TSA, as separate chemicals: R-TSA and S-TSA. Do you have any ideas?
Answer:
Our S1045 Trichostatin A (TSA) is R enantiomer.

HDAC Signaling Pathway Map

HDAC Inhibitors with Unique Features

Selective HDAC Inhibitor

RGFP966 : HDAC3-selective, IC50=80 nM.
Selective HDAC Inhibitor

Rocilinostat (ACY-1215) : HDAC5-selective, IC50=5 nM.
Most Potent HDAC Inhibitor

Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585) : HDAC1, IC50=0.11 nM; HDAC2, IC50=0.33 nM.
FDA-approved HDAC Inhibitor

Vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683) : Approved by FDA against cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
Newest HDAC Inhibitor

RG2833 (RGFP109) ^New : Brain-penetrant HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 60 nM and 50 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively.

Related HDAC Products

LMK-235 ^New

LMK-235 is a selective inhibitor of HDAC4 and HDAC5 with IC50 of 11.9 nM and 4.2 nM, respectively.
CAY10603 ^New

CAY10603 (BML-281) is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 2 pM, >200-fold selectivity over other HDACs.
Domatinostat (4SC-202) ^New

Domatinostat (4SC-202) is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 1.20 μM, 1.12 μM, and 0.57 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. Also displays inhibitory activity against Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Phase 1.
Panobinostat (LBH589)

Panobinostat (LBH589, NVP-LBH589) is a novel broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay. Panobinostat (LBH589) induces autophagy and apoptosis. Panobinostat effectively disrupts HIV latency in vivo. Phase 3.
Vorinostat (SAHA)

Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA, MK0683) is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of ~10 nM in a cell-free assay. Vorinostat abrogates productive HPV-18 DNA amplification.
Entinostat (MS-275)

Entinostat (MS-275, SNDX-275) strongly inhibits HDAC1 and HDAC3 with IC50 of 0.51 μM and 1.7 μM in cell-free assays, compared with HDACs 4, 6, 8, and 10. Entinostat induces autophagy and apoptosis. Phase 3.
Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide)

Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide, FR 901228, NSC 630176) is a potent HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor with IC50 of 36 nM and 47 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Romidepsin (FK228/depsipeptide) controls growth and induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma tumor cells.

Features:More effective than other classical HDAC inhibitors such as TSA, TPX, and butyrate.
RGFP966

RGFP966 is an HDAC3 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.08 μM in cell-free assay, exhibits > 200-fold selectivity over other HDAC.
Tubastatin A

Tubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold). Tubastatin A promotes autophagy and increases apoptosis.
Mocetinostat (MGCD0103)

Mocetinostat (MGCD0103, MG0103) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with most potency for HDAC1 with IC50 of 0.15 μM in a cell-free assay, 2- to 10- fold selectivity against HDAC2, 3, and 11, and no activity to HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) induces apoptosis and autophagy. Phase 2.

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Trichostatin A (TSA)