Trichostatin A (TSA)

Name: Trichostatin A (TSA)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1045
Rating: 5 (126 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S1045

126 publications

Molecular Weight(MW): 302.4

Trichostatin A (TSA) is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of ~1.8 nM in cell-free assays.

Selleck's Trichostatin A (TSA) has been cited by 126 publications

Cell, 2019, 178(5):1115-1131

PubMed: 31442404 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Metab, 2019, 29(4):886-900

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Nature, 2017, 551(7679):247-250

PubMed: 29088702 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell, 2017, 171(4):824-835.e18

PubMed: 29056338 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Biotechnol, 2015, 10.1038/nbt.3130

PubMed: 25751058 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2014, 26(4):534-48

PubMed: 25314079 ( click the link to review the publication )

Autophagy, 2020, 10.1080/15548627.2019.1709762

PubMed: 31986961 ( click the link to review the publication )

Free Radic Biol Med, 2020, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.016

PubMed: 31972340 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Neurobiol, 2020, 10.1007/s12035-019-01812-5

PubMed: 31919777 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Cancer Res, 2020, 10(2):523-535

PubMed: 32195024 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Res, 2020, 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-19-0669

PubMed: 32238439 ( click the link to review the publication )

BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):28

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Cell Rep, 2020, 30(7):2195-2208

PubMed: 32075759 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2020, 10(5):2188-2200

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Mol Cell, 2019, 73(4):788-802

PubMed: 30704899 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2019, 74(6):1250-1263

PubMed: 31054974 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2019, 73(4):788-802

PubMed: 30704899 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):5792

PubMed: 31857589 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):4353

PubMed: 31554795 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):5800

PubMed: 31863007 ( click the link to review the publication )

Autophagy, 2019, 1-13

PubMed: 30957628 ( click the link to review the publication )

Autophagy, 2019, 10.1080/15548627.2019.1707488

PubMed: 31878840 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2019, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2486

PubMed: 31253668 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Differ, 2019, 26(5):843-859

PubMed: 29988076 ( click the link to review the publication )
Int J Cancer, 2019, 10.1002/ijc.32425

PubMed: 31111958 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Ther, 2019, 27(5):1039-1050

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Mol Ther, 2019, 27(5):1039-1050

PubMed: 30852137 ( click the link to review the publication )

EBioMedicine, 2019, 43:238-252

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J Bone Miner Res, 2019, 10.1002/jbmr.3716

PubMed: 31112333 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 38(1):428

PubMed: 31665064 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 38(1):84

PubMed: 30777099 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019, 38(1):463

PubMed: 31718704 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Mol Cell Biol, 2019, 10.1093/jmcb/mjz093

PubMed: 31560394 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer Ther, 2019, 18(5):900-908

PubMed: 30824609 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Neurobiol, 2019, 10.1007/s12035-019-1565-7

PubMed: 30963442 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Mol Med (Berl), 2019, 97(4):541-552

PubMed: 30806715 ( click the link to review the publication )

Pharmacol Res, 2019, 146:104281

PubMed: 31125601 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Sci, 2019, 110(11):3442-3452

PubMed: 31432592 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Neurochem, 2019, 10.1111/jnc.14935

PubMed: 31811660 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Cell Neurosci, 2019, 13:468

PubMed: 31708743 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):4360

PubMed: 30867438 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS Comput Biol, 2019, 15(2):e1006826

PubMed: 30785874 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Genet, 2019, 10:422

PubMed: 31130994 ( click the link to review the publication )

Life Sci, 2019, 223:1-8

PubMed: 30862568 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biochem, 2019, 10.1002/jcb.29470

PubMed: 31692090 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Adh Migr, 2019, 13(1):285-292

PubMed: 31271097 ( click the link to review the publication )

Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2019, 43(5):822-832

PubMed: 30860602 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2019, 41(6):3209-3218

PubMed: 31002353 ( click the link to review the publication )
Int J Mol Med, 2019, 44(5):1789-1800

PubMed: 31545402 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Med, 2019, 43(1):285-293

PubMed: 30387821 ( click the link to review the publication )

Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2019, 118:101861

PubMed: 31526947 ( click the link to review the publication )

Reprod Fertil Dev, 2019, 31(3):473-481

PubMed: 30301509 ( click the link to review the publication )

Res Vet Sci, 2019, 126:207-212

PubMed: 31610471 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Ther Med, 2019, 17(6):4547-4553

PubMed: 31186678 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Adv, 2019, 5(3):eaav1118

PubMed: 30944854 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Clin Invest, 2018, 128(9):4098-4114

PubMed: 30124467 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2018, 24(7):1722-1729

PubMed: 30110629 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Ther, 2018, 26(7):1828-1839

PubMed: 29730197 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2018, 432:121-131

PubMed: 29890207 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Oncol, 2018, 12(5):724-755

PubMed: 29577611 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogenesis, 2018, 7(11):91

PubMed: 30467308 ( click the link to review the publication )

Plant Cell Rep, 2018, 37(1):115-123

PubMed: 28939922 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Cell Res, 2018, 371(1):231-237

PubMed: 30107147 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int Immunopharmacol, 2018, 65:303-311

PubMed: 30342347 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2018, 39(4):1892-1900

PubMed: 29393444 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 503(2):420-427

PubMed: 29649477 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biochem Funct, 2018, 36(8):398-407

PubMed: 30484863 ( click the link to review the publication )

Med Sci Monit, 2018, 24:461-472

PubMed: 29363667 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):13072

PubMed: 30166563 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Res, 2017, 27(7):898-915

PubMed: 28497810 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2017, 67(4):566-578

PubMed: 28803781 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Mol Immunol, 2017, 14(4):371-379

PubMed: 26388239 ( click the link to review the publication )
Chemistry, 2017, 23(13):3107-3116

PubMed: 27922200 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2017, 26(9):1411-1419

PubMed: 28619831 ( click the link to review the publication )

Eur J Med Chem, 2017, 127:531-553

PubMed: 28109947 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Biol Chem, 2017, 292(31):12842-12859

PubMed: 28634230 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2017, 363(2):211-220

PubMed: 28860353 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Diabetes Res, 2017, 2017:8208065

PubMed: 28191472 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist, 2017, 7(1):51-60

PubMed: 28110187 ( click the link to review the publication )

Connect Tissue Res, 2017, 58(1):64-75

PubMed: 27404795 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017, 485(2):454-460

PubMed: 28192116 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2017, 8(7):11937-11949

PubMed: 28060760 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2016, 7:10690

PubMed: 26891683 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nucleic Acids Res, 2016, 45(3):1159-1176

PubMed: 28180300 ( click the link to review the publication )

Clin Cancer Res, 2016, 22(8):1978-88

PubMed: 26634271 ( click the link to review the publication )

Thorax, 2016, 633-45

PubMed: 27071418 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Med Chem, 2016, 59(4):1613-33

PubMed: 26681404 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS Pathog, 2016, 12(10):e1005950

PubMed: 27764245 ( click the link to review the publication )

Free Radic Biol Med, 2016, 99:167-178

PubMed: 27498117 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016, 2016:4085727

PubMed: 27746856 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Pathol, 2016, 186(10):2701-8

PubMed: 27555113 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biol, 2016, 36(22):2838-2854

PubMed: 27573019 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Oncol, 2016, 48(6):2591-607

PubMed: 27082124 ( click the link to review the publication )

BMC Cancer, 2016, 16(1):886

PubMed: 27842508 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biochem, 2016, 415(1-2):197-205

PubMed: 27000860 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2016, 8(60):100975-100988

PubMed: 29254139 ( click the link to review the publication )
Genet Mol Res, 2016, 15(4)

PubMed: 27819724 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2016, 6:21678

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Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(6):8293-304

PubMed: 26729194 ( click the link to review the publication )

Tumour Biol, 2016, 37(8):10269-78

PubMed: 26831669 ( click the link to review the publication )

EMBO Mol Med, 2015, 10.15252/emmm.201404396

PubMed: 25872941 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2015, 356(2 Pt B):828-36

PubMed: 25449774 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Transplant, 2015, 10.1111/ajt.13106

PubMed: 25708614 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2015, 6:e1586

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J Antimicrob Chemother, 2015, 10.1093/jac/dku549

PubMed: 25558076 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Nutr Food Res, 2015, 59(2):189-202

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Mol Nutr Food Res, 2015, 59(2):189-202

PubMed: ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2015, 309(12):L1410-9

PubMed: 26498249 ( click the link to review the publication )

Chem Biol Interact, 2015, 242:227-34

PubMed: 26482938 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2015, 6(18):15814-27

PubMed: 26158412 ( click the link to review the publication )

EMBO J, 2014, 34(1):115-29

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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2014, 111(3):E364-73

PubMed: 24395801 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS Biol, 2014, 12(1):e1001758

PubMed: 24409098 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2014, 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.034

PubMed: ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biol, 2014, 34(22):4143-64

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Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2014, 274(1):7-16

PubMed: 24200994 ( click the link to review the publication )

Life Sci, 2014, 99(1-2):31-6

PubMed: 24486299 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014, 445(2):320-6

PubMed: 24530917 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Hematol, 2014, 42(7):574-80

PubMed: 24607957 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2014, 4:4663

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Science, 2014, 344(6183):1252304

PubMed: 24727982 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013, 38(9):1674-84

PubMed: 23474591 ( click the link to review the publication )

Plant J, 2013, 74(5):815-28

PubMed: 23464703 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cytokine, 2013, 65(2):121-5

PubMed: 24373940 ( click the link to review the publication )

Genes Brain Behav, 2013, 13(1):69-86

PubMed: 24286462 ( click the link to review the publication )

Epigenetics, 2012, 7(10):1161-72

PubMed: 22965008 ( click the link to review the publication )

Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective HDAC Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Trichostatin A (TSA) is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of ~1.8 nM in cell-free assays.

Targets

HDAC ^[1]
(Cell-free assay)

~1.8 nM

In vitro

Trichostatin A inhibits the proliferation of eight breast carcinoma cell lines including MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, CAL 51, and SK-BR-3 with mean IC50 of 124.4 nM (range, 26.4-308.1 nM), with more potency against cell lines that express ERα than the ERα-negative cell lines. Trichostatin A inhibits HDAC activity similarly in all the breast cancer cell lines with mean IC50 of 2.4 nM (range, 0.6-2.6 nM), and results in pronounced histone H4 hyperacetylation. ^[1] Unlike Trapoxin (TPX) and Chlamydocin which potently inhibit HDAC1 or HDAC4 but not HDAC6, Trichostatin A inhibits these HDACs to a similar extent with IC50 of 6 nM, 38 nM, and 8.6 nM, respectively. ^[2] Trichostatin A (100 ng/mL) treatment induces the expression of transforming growth factor β type II receptor (TβRII) in MIA PaCa-2 cells through the recruitment of p300 and PCAF into a Sp1-NF-Y HDAC complex that binds the DNA element of TβRII promoter, which is associated with a concomitant acetylation of Sp1 and an overall decrease in the amount of HDAC associated with the complex. ^[4]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID
HEK 293	NWTDbpJ7TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NV\CU2ZCOC55zszN	NEnzWFEzPGh?	MXXleIhidm:u	MnPT[Y5p[W6lZYOgSW5iSyCjY3X0fYxifGmxbjDhcoQhcW6lcnXhd4V{KEWQYVOgZYJ2dmSjbnPlJIlvKHSqZTD0c5RidCClZXzsJIx6e2G2ZTDhcoQh[XRidHjlJINmdGxic4Xy[oFk\Q>?	MkL4NlU4QDdyN{m=
TE13	M2nIVmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M3TtNlAvO87:TR?=	MlnNNlRp		MXv1dE1z\We3bHH0[ZMhWkGVU1[1RUBt\X[nbB?=	MoXzNlU2Pzl4NkW=
TE13	Mln0RZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	NHHKbXAxNjQQvF2=	Mm\0NlRp		NGfOR3hqdmirYnn0d{B1cGViY3XscEBxem:uaX\ldoF1cW:w	Mo\INlU2Pzl4NkW=
MEFs	MV\GeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M4TzPFXPxE1?	NYPqZoc5OT[q		M3;5Nolv[3KnYYPld{B1cGViRWDFR{BifHSjY3jt[Y51NCCWaYKg[IVtcX[ncomgZY5lKHSqZTDl[oZq[2mnbnP5JI9nKHCnZHXzeIFtKG[xcn3heIlwdg>?	MnzzNlU1QDJ4M{S=
SW480	NW[0b2ExTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NV7SXIpvOC5zzszN	NVHhVGdsPDiq	Mn3nSG1UVw>?	MXry[ZZmenOnczDFUXQ>	NVfWTZE6OjV2M{S5PVc>
PC3	NHjCd5ZHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MWKwMlHPxE1?	NE\MfIM1QGh?	M1;zdWROW09?	M{H5V5JmfmW{c3XzJGVOXA>?	NYDSZ5V6OjV2M{S5PVc>
SW480	M1:0c2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NFj0No8xNjIQvF2=	MVi0PIg>	M4\HWWROW09?	M4H1[YF1fGWwdXH0[ZMhcW64YYPpc44h[W6mIH3p[5JifGmxbh?=	M1u1NFI2PDN2OUm3
PC3	M1zEbmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NGrOPFMxNjIQvF2=	Mnm1OFhp	M{fWOmROW09?	Mle1ZZR1\W63YYTld{Bqdn[jc3nvckBidmRibXnndoF1cW:w	M1rEfFI2PDN2OUm3
SW480	MUHGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MWewMlHPxE1?	Mon4OFhp	MWLEUXNQ	M1HucIlv\HWlZYOgbY5kemWjc3Wgc4YhUESDQ{GgZY5lKEiGQVOyJI9vKFOudXeg[4Vv\XNicILvcY91\XJ?	MY[yOVQ{PDl7Nx?=
PC3	M3joT2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M4myfVAvOc7:TR?=	MXK0PIg>	NYLrfWhETE2VTx?=	NWXnWox{cW6mdXPld{BqdmO{ZXHz[UBw\iCKRFHDNUBidmRiSFTBR\|Ihd25iU3z1[{Bo\W6nczDwdo9ud3Snch?=	NYG1OHV5OjV2M{S5PVc>
A431	M3raeWFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	M3LOcFIwOTBxNUCvNVAxdk1?	MoHzOFhp	MWfEUXNQ	MUPpcohq[mm2czD0bIUh[2WubDDndo94fGh?	M2jqOVI2OzdzME[5
A431	NWe2eINDTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M3XNV\|Uxdk1?	NVLGPG5IOi94L{GyM\|I1cA>?	NXvwNJVHTE2VTx?=	M1fnO4FkfGm4YYTld{BxOjFiYX7kJIlvcGmkaYTzJGFVTjNiZYjwdoV{e2mxbh?=	NVLyTHV[OjV\|N{GwOlk>
MDA-MB-231	MYfHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NEXSTHQxNTZyMH7N	M3vpelI1cA>?	M{fTfGROW09?	NVi0TFByUUN3MDDv[kAyODCwTR?=	NY[2[mtxOjVzOUK3NlE>
MCF7	MX7Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MofpNE03ODCwTR?=	NYHHWWd6OjSq	NXf5S4N3TE2VTx?=	MYDJR\|UxKG:oIEe1cm0>	NEXidVkzPTF7MkeyNS=>
SKOV-3	MUXHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M1;IUVEuOTEQvF2=	Ml7pNlRp	NGjTOZNFVVOR	M2\ZPWlEPTBib3[gOU43\|ryP	MoTrNlUyPjl2OUG=
A549	MWjHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NHfOe4kyNTFyzszN	Mkn2NlRp	NFm1N4hFVVOR	M3OxNmlEPTBib3[gN{4z\|ryP	NYKwW3JFOjVzNkm0PVE>
SKOV-3	NUnj[pJpT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M2raN\|AvOS1zzszN	NGC4doM1QGh?	MVjEUXNQ	M1TwRWlEPTBib3[gNE44\|ryP	NFznbZQzPTF4OUS5NS=>
A549	MVXHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MojqNE4yNTIQvF2=	MlrSOFhp	MlfPSG1UVw>?	NG\WcHRKSzVyIH;mJFAvOjkQvF2=	NVrwN3BNOjVzNkm0PVE>
SKOV-3	M3WwSmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NXv6XmFEOC5yMT2wMlnPxE1?	M3vkblczcA>?	Mm[1SG1UVw>?	NXzafGliUUN3MDDv[kAxNjN{zszN	MV[yOVE3QTR7MR?=
A549	MlThS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	M1\MNVAvODFvMD65{txO	NI[2d4U4Omh?	NHXVNJpFVVOR	NYryN2JHUUN3MDDv[kAxNjB4zszN	M3S0V\|I2OTZ7NEmx
HeLa	NFG3VHVHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	M2e3dFI2OG6P	M4TDWVE3cA>?	MVPEUXNQ	NUj1bXNGcW6lcnXhd4V{KEO\UEHBNUBuWk6DIHX4dJJme3Orb39CpC=>	NXPwblBsOjVzMU[2PFg>
CNE2	NHPvb3NIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MX:xNFAuPjBybl2=	M4nQb\|I1NzR6L{eybC=>		NV3RRpNRcW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIIDyc4xq\mW{YYTpc44hcW5iYTD0bY1mNSCjbnSg[I9{\S2mZYDlcoRmdnRibXHucoVz	MVyyOFk3QTlyMR?=
PC3	Mn;pS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NYLKV\|VVOTByLUGwNFBvVQ>?	MnjrNlRp		NIriPZVKSzVyIH;mJFMxOG6P	NH\HXY4zPDh3NE[1PC=>
LNCaP	MmDWS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NXLTV5JiOTByLUGwNFBvVQ>?	MlvzNlRp		MnfZTWM2OCCxZjCzNFBvVQ>?	M13w[FI1QDV2NkW4
HeLa	NYOwd5lQT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NXvaPYN[Os7:TR?=	M4TlR\|Q5cA>?		NHi3U4Fl\WO{ZXHz[ZMh[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgZYJwfXRiMkWl	M4DoSFI1QDR4MUO1
HMEC-1	M2LxSWZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NEn5RYE{ODCwTR?=	MWiyOIg>		NX2y[2QycW6lcnXhd4V{KGW6cILld5Nqd25ib3dCpHZGT0[UM9MgcXJPSQ>?	M37uVVI1PzFyNkOx
HeLa	NIXXV2tHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NVPyRpE2OW2P	MV6wMlVp		M3PzXoFjd2yrc3jld{B1cGVidH;0ZYwhUESDQzDhZ5Rqfmm2eR?=	Ml3aNlQ4ODd2N{S=
ACP02	NGn6OJBIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MlvnNlUxNzN3MD:1NFBvVQ>?	M2fNT\|I1cA>?		NXi3[Ho4\GWlcnXhd4V{KGOnbHygeoli[mmuaYT5JI9nKGGycILvfIlu[XSnbImgO\|DDqCViYYSgNlUxyqCwTR?=	NEfuOIozPDZ4OEW0Oy=>
ACP03	NInIeHZIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NWe0OolWOjVyL{O1NE82ODCwTR?=	NU\EfXdyOjSq		NETibIdl\WO{ZXHz[ZMh[2WubDD2bYFjcWyrdImgc4Yh[XCycn;4bY1ifGWueTC3NOKhLSCjdDCyOVDDqG6P	NXPrd\|NvOjR4Nki1OFc>
U87 GBM	MV\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NWXzeY9HOTByL{OwNE82ODBibl2=	NWi1dJlUPzJiaB?=	MYOxNFAmKGW2aHHuc4w>	MUfy[YR2[2W\|IH3lZY4h[2WubDDueY1j\XJiYomgN\|EtKDV2LDDhcoQhPTkEoDW=	MWKyOFQ3PDh2MR?=
U87 GBM	M3nzWWZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MlvTNVAxNzVyMDDOcS=>	NHTKSII1QCCq	NEC2fGQyODBnIHX0bIFvd2x?	MUXJcoR2[2W\|IGPlcoV{[2WwY3WtUIls\SCDbITldoF1cW:wczDpckBPfWOuZXHyJG1wenCqb3zv[5k>	MVOyOFQ3PDh2MR?=
RPE	M4i0b2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NGDOXpUxNjJxMD60M\|AvQC9zIN88US=>	NHPsb5kzPC92OD:3NkBp	MXXEUXNQ	Mlv0bY5pcWKrdIOgeIhmKHC{b3zp[oVz[XSrb36gZpkh[2WubDDjfYNt\SCjcoLld5Q>	MV:yOFQ2PjZyMh?=
HT29	MX7Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M1TSR\|E5OCCwTR?=	Mlv5O\|IhcA>?		M2r6cmlEPTBib3[gNVgxKG6P	M1;VclI1OzZ6Mk[1
hMSCs	MVXGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MWm2MlI2KG6P	NGPqbW8zPCCq	MVLEUXNQ	MoO0d5Ri[mmuaYrld{BJcXO2b37lJGFk\XS7bHH0bY9vKGGwZDD0bIUhTXiycnXzd4lwdiCxZjDQcJVzcXCxdHXueEBI\W6ncx?=	MXOyOFMyOjN3Nh?=
Huh7	NHPCSJRHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NVvvZ5M6OC5zL{CuOU8yNjBizszN	NGO0bVQzPGh?		M{jX[JN2eHC{ZYPz[ZMhYVSKRFOyJIdmdmViZYjwdoV{e2mxbh?=	NFG4cIIzPDJ4OU[3Ni=>
SKOV3	MWrHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MXKwMlA2NTJizszN	NHfaWnQyOC9{ND:0PEBp	MmS0SG1UVw>?	MVXt[YRq[XSnczDndo94fGhiYYLy[ZN1KGmwIHGgZ49v[2WwdILheIlwdi1iYX7kJJRqdWVvZHXw[Y5l\W62IH3hco5meg>?	M4LiOVI1OjJ\|OECx
A2780	MojwS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NX7vXnFvOC5yNT2yJO69VQ>?	M3;Jd\|ExNzJ2L{S4JIg>	NUf4THI6TE2VTx?=	MUHt[YRq[XSnczDndo94fGhiYYLy[ZN1KGmwIHGgZ49v[2WwdILheIlwdi1iYX7kJJRqdWVvZHXw[Y5l\W62IH3hco5meg>?	MVyyOFIzOzhyMR?=
SRA01/04	NXj6T\|JyT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M2PmOFAvOiEQvF2=	M1Kz[\|Q5KGh?	MnzCSG1UVw>?	M1HFSJN2eHC{ZYPz[ZMh[2WubDDwdo9tcW[ncnH0bY9vKHSqcn;1[4ghe3WycILld5NqdmdidHjlJHBKO0txQXv0MEBxOziPQWDLJIFv\CCHUluxM\|Ihe2mpbnHsbY5oKHCjdHj3ZZl{	Mke5NlQyPTd6N{i=
HLEB3	Mn;nS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NGLTVHMxNjJizszN	M2jmVFQ5KGh?	M3vDVWROW09?	MVPzeZBxemW\|c3XzJINmdGxicILvcIln\XKjdHnvckB1cHKxdXfoJJN2eHC{ZYPzbY5oKHSqZTDQTVNMN0GtdDygdFM5VUGSSzDhcoQhTVKNMT:yJJNq\26jbHnu[{Bx[XSqd3H5dy=>	NYP0TndvOjRzNUe4O\|g>
SRA01/04	NVqwdnZpT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NUXwPZVOOC52L{CuPEDPxE1?	MWC0PEBp	M2LtW2ROW09?	M3jkN4lv\HWlZYOgZ4VtdCCjcH;weI9{cXN?	MnznNlQyPTd6N{i=
HLEB3	NFfkSYNIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NV;HXJpDOC52L{CuPEDPxE1?	NUjlPJR[PDhiaB?=	NVT1SmtCTE2VTx?=	NFPaTo9qdmS3Y3XzJINmdGxiYYDvdJRwe2m\|	NXnvUnN1OjRzNUe4O\|g>
HCT116	M4nadGdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MlLpNE4zKM7:TR?=	NIfnTWMyOiCq		NHGzepNmdmijbnPld{Bk\WyuIHHwc5B1d3OrczDpcoR2[2WmIHL5JJJi\GmjdHnvci=>	NHW2T5MzPDF{MkKzNS=>
CA46	M3jnXWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NIHHTXQ{NzZxMUKvNlQwPDhibl2=	Mo[xOFghcA>?		NInJZ3RqdmirYnn0d{B1cGViY3XscEBxem:uaX\ldoF1cW:wIHH0JFI1KGGwZDC0PEBvVcLi	NGXKTYczPDB4NEm1NS=>
PMNs	NGfaSYFHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NWm5Omg2OzBibl2=	NGDaW5U1QCCq		MkjXbY5pcWKrdIOg[YZn\XKxY4n0c5NqeyxiSFTBR{Bi[3Srdnn0fUBidmRiUnHjJIFkfGm4aYT5	MW[yN\|k5QDZzNx?=
H1299	NWSyVmNqT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MVOxxsDPxE4EoB?=	MnvvNlQwPDhxN{KgbC=>	M{nCWYV1cGGwb3y=	M{LQd4lv[3KnYYPld{Bk\WyuIHTlZZRpKGGodHXyJFI1cA>?	M{XNNlI{QTF4NkC5
A549	NFvPWWpIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MoLVNE4zPS9yLkWvNUDPxE1?	NYTYOG9KOjRxNEivO\|IhcA>?	MojQ[ZRp[W6xbB?=	NWDqbHY3cW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIHPlcIwh\3Kxd4ToJIlvKGOxbnPlcpRz[XSrb36gZY5lKHSrbXWt[IVx\W6mZX70JI1idm6nch?=	NUT4WmRSOjN6Nke5PVE>
H1299	MofBS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	Mo\aNE4zPS9yLkWvNUDPxE1?	NGf0dVEzPC92OD:3NkBp	MVnleIhidm:u	MlfWbY5pcWKrdIOgeIhmKGOnbHyg[5Jwf3SqIHnuJINwdmOnboTyZZRqd25iYX7kJJRqdWVvZHXw[Y5l\W62IH3hco5meg>?	M1TrSFI{QDZ5OUmx
A549	MkXBRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	NV;JbYdWOC53L{Gg{txO	MofSOFghcA>?	M1W4d4V1cGGwb3y=	MoDSbY5lfWOnczDj[YxtKGGyb4D0c5Nqew>?	NYDXTGxROjN6Nke5PVE>
H1299	Mlj2RZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	M1rsOlAvPS9zIN88US=>	M1\vUFQ5KGh?	NXzFVZVZ\XSqYX7vcC=>	MmXZbY5lfWOnczDj[YxtKGGyb4D0c5Nqew>?	M3XyVlI{QDZ5OUmx
SUM149PT	NVvWbGlzT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NFfQTnUzNzdwNT:xNEDPxE1?	NWqzd5R2PDhiaB?=	NV7VNWJSTE2VTx?=	NGq5cmNqdmS3Y3XzJINmdGxiZHXheIgh[XRiMjFOwG0hcW6\|ZX7zbZRqfmWueR?=	M1jkdFI{Pzl{NkO4
SUM190PT	MU\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NUfyVIR7PTBxMUCwM\|I2OCCwTR?=	NY\OdHZXPDhiaB?=	Mn;nSG1UVw>?	NXHLWoxScW6mdXPld{Bk\WyuIHTlZZRpKGG2IEWwJI5OKHOnboPpeIl3\Wy7	NEnIOmQzOzd7Mk[zPC=>
HCT1	M4fvOWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MX6wMlIwOS5yL{WuNEDPxE1?	MoT6NVIwOjRxM{[vOFghcA>?		Ml3DbY5lfWOnczDj[YxtKGSnYYToJIlvKGOxbnPlcpRz[XSrb36tJIFv\CC2aX3lMYRmeGWwZHXueEBu[W6wZYK=	NWLSfFl6OjN5N{CwNFA>
Lovo	MmfhS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NHq1eZQxNjJxMT6wM\|UvOCEQvF2=	M{G0e\|EzNzJ2L{O2M\|Q5KGh?		NYfvOlVrcW6mdXPld{Bk\WyuIHTlZZRpKGmwIHPvcoNmdnS{YYTpc44uKGGwZDD0bY1mNWSncHXu[IVvfCCvYX7u[ZI>	MkLvNlM4PzByMEC=
AGS	MYTHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MonONE4xOTVvMTFOwG0>	M4S1TlczKGh?		NYrQXGR2cW6mdXPld{Bk\WyuIHTlZZRpKGOxbnPlcpRz[XSrb36g[IVx\W6mZX70cJk>	M{P6SFI{PzR3MEK0
Huh7	M2X1[Wdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MoC5NUDPxE1?	M4CwflI1KGh?	MUDEUXNQ	MofvdoVlfWOnczDhZo92fCB{MDWgeoli[mmuaYT5xsA>	MVyyN\|Y1Ozl\|Mx?=
ECC1	NVjpNIg{TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M3jUcFUxOCCwTR?=	MlvuOUBl	M3jqemROW09?	MWLpcoR2[2W\|IFyxR2FOyqCneIDy[ZN{cW:wIHPvMZRz\WG2bXXueEB4cXSqIEWtRZpiSw>?	NITzZoIzOzV\|MEe2PS=>
HEC1A	MWXGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	Mnf3OVAxKG6P	MnLzOUBl	M{fEVWROW09?	NEnyWXFqdmS3Y3XzJGwyS0GPwrDlfJBz\XO\|aX;uJINwNXS{ZXH0cYVvfCC5aYToJFUuSXqjQx?=	NHXHNo0zOzV\|MEe2PS=>
EN1	Ml3PSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NVvBW3F5PTByIH7N	NUjtWoRKPSCm	MkTvSG1UVw>?	Ml7vbY5lfWOnczDMNWNCVcLiZYjwdoV{e2mxbjDjc{11emWjdH3lcpQhf2m2aDC1MWF7[UN?	M1;oO\|I{PTNyN{[5
MFE296	NVz0[mRwTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MmjYOVAxKG6P	MmjiOUBl	M2jnVGROW09?	NV3HXlNUcW6mdXPld{BNOUODTdMg[ZhxemW\|c3nvckBkdy22cnXheI1mdnRid3n0bEA2NUG8YVO=	MXuyN\|U{ODd4OR?=
HASMCs	NFTqTJNHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MXGwMVUxOCCwTR?=	M{\wdlYh\A>?		NGjXN4Nld3ewLYLl[5Vt[XSnczD0bIUh\XiycnXzd4lwdiCxZjDIRWREKGGwZDDj[YxtKH[rYXLpcIl1gQ>?	MX[yN\|UyQDR4Nx?=
U373	MlG0SpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NFTZ[VYxNjJ3L{CuOU8yKM7:TR?=	NUWwdJF2OjRiaB?=		NYjzcVRQcW6lcnXhd4V{KFCULVKg[ZhxemW\|c3nvckBkdy22cnXheI1mdnRid3n0bEA2SXqjZFO=	MUmyN\|Q4PDF5MR?=
ARN8	M2H0XmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NX7KZYpIOC5yNT2yJO69VQ>?	NE\aSYszPCCq		MVHy[YR2[2W\|IITo[UBqdmS3Y4Tpc44hd2ZicEWzMYRmeGWwZHXueEBo\W6nczDifUBPfXSuaX6tNy=>	NYPQdpVHOjN2N{C1OFA>
MCF7	NI[wcpRHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MmTaNE4xPS1{IN88US=>	NI\rdGszPCCq		MYLy[YR2[2W\|IITo[UBqdmS3Y4Tpc44hd2ZicEWzMYRmeGWwZHXueEBo\W6nczDifUBPfXSuaX6tNy=>	MXWyN\|Q4ODV2MB?=
H1299	NIfBdlhHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	M{DVTVAvOzQkgKOxxsDDvU1?	NEjNT5gzPC92ODDo	MVTEUXNQ	M{Padolv[3KnYYPld{BGNWOjZHjldolvKHC{b4TlbY4hdGW4ZXzzJIRwe2ViZHXw[Y5l\W62bIm=	MnP5NlM1PjF7N{W=
H1299	MXXGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MljyNE42KM7:TR?=	M2GxUVQ5KGh?	MlPPSG1UVw>?	NYjPdGxKcW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIH3p[5JifG:{eTDwc5RmdnSrYXygZ49u[mmwZTD3bZRpKHOrbHnibY5qdg>?	MVuyN\|Q3OTl5NR?=
H1299	MVvGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MX[wMlUh\|ryP	MWS0PEBp	M2XPfWROW09?	NEf5bYlqdmirYnn0d{B1cGViaX72ZZNqfmWwZYPzxsAh[2:vYnnu[UB4cXSqIIPpcIljcW6rbh?=	MXiyN\|Q3OTl5NR?=
MG-63	MoG0S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NV21W21DOC5\|IN88US=>	M{TXRlEzNTl4IHi=	NFLXRoJFVVOR	MkLnbY5pcWKrdIOgeIhmKGOnbHyg[5Jwf3SqIHPvMZRz\WG2bXXueEB4cXSqIH3leIZwem2rbh?=	M3H1clI{PDVzOEG3
LM8	M13TNGdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MlPvNE4{KM7:TR?=	NEHGdnYyOi17NjDo	NEPLepJFVVOR	NWrMUIN6cW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIHPlcIwh\3Kxd4ToJINwNXS{ZXH0cYVvfCC5aYToJI1mfG[xcn3pci=>	MWGyN\|Q2OThzNx?=
K562	NWPwdmZ2TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MYCwMlUh\|ryP	NG\3ZVIzPCCq	MYLleIhidm:u	MXXk[YNz\WG\|ZYOgeIhmKGWweont[UBi[3Srdnn0fUBw\iCKRFHDd{Bkdy22cnXheI1mdnRid3n0bEBkfXKldX3pci=>	M3XVWlI{PDNyOUW3
HEL	MkPzSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NEOxbosxNjVizszN	M2HrOFI1KGh?	MoXx[ZRp[W6xbB?=	NEDVVlhl\WO{ZXHz[ZMhfGinIHXufplu\SCjY4Tpeol1gSCxZjDISGFEeyClbz30doVifG2nboSge4l1cCCldYLjeY1qdg>?	NVT6WHNPOjN2M{C5OVc>
HL60	MY\BdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	MlLuNUDPxE1?	NY\jUJczOjRiaB?=		Ml3abY5lfWOnc9MgZ4VtdCCmZXH0bC=>	M4HTSVI{PDByNUG5
KG1	MUnBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	Mm\SNUDPxE1?	MWKyOEBp		NF3aVmRqdmS3Y3XzxsBk\WyuIHTlZZRp	M{nRNVI{PDByNUG5
Kazumi	NYmxPItvSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	MmLZNUDPxE1?	M4nvPVI1KGh?		NHnpOXdqdmS3Y3XzxsBk\WyuIHTlZZRp	NULsV3d7OjN2MEC1NVk>
K562	M2[5ZmFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	M3zLO\|Eh\|ryP	MV6yOEBp		MUPpcoR2[2W\|wrDj[YxtKGSnYYTo	M3rtZlI{PDByNUG5
THP1	NEL4b3BCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	NHrFTIgyKM7:TR?=	NHPaWYEzPCCq		MWHpcoR2[2W\|wrDj[YxtKGSnYYTo	MUSyN\|QxODVzOR?=
SH-SY5Y	MXTGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NYLlfIJ6OjVyIH7N	NV7F[Jk{OTZiaB?=		NWT1PYlR[2ijbnfld{BmgHC{ZYPzbY9vKHCjdITldo4hd2ZiZ3Xu[ZMhcW64b3z2[YQhcW5iY3jvcIV{fGW{b3ygd5lvfGinc3nzMEB2eHSja3WgZY5lKGWoZnz1fC=>	NFXHdZczOzN{NkSyNi=>
HEK293	MmDDSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	M2fmTlEhyrWPwrC=	M{nzR\|E5KGkEoB?=		MmL3bY5pcWKrdIOgeIhmKGujbHnybY4uPy2vZXTpZZRm\CC{ZXPyeYl1dWWwdDDv[kB{gW6yaHnsbY4uOSCjZ3fy[YdifGW\|IHnueI8h[WepcnXzc41mew>?	M3;oeFI{Ojh2OES4
HTK	M1W5TmZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M4\Kc\|QxOCCwTR?=	M3f2WVczKGh?		Mn\4bY5pcWKrdIOgWGdHNc7{4pETTY5lfWOnZDDNfY9ncWK{b3LsZZN1KESrZn\ldoVvfGmjdHnvci=>	MkLjNlMzQDRyMEK=
HTK	M2T3O2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MlTnNVAxNThyMH7N	M1[0bFczKGh?		NGfkXmpjdG:la4OgWGdHNc7{4pETTY5lfWOnZDDSU3Mh[W6mIFiyU\|LDqEGlY4XteYxifGmxbh?=	NVHYeZRDOjN{OESwNFI>
Caco-2	MVTGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MX:xJOK2VcLi	NVrOc4ZVOjRiaB?=		NELjZlJl\WO{ZXHz[ZMhW0WUVDDwdo91\WmwIHX4dJJme3Orb36=	MYWyN\|E6PTB5MB?=
HeLa	MWDHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NX\wcGpCOTByIH7N	MlG4NlQhcA>?	NIXjOpBFVVOR	M{jVWGlEPTBib3[gNVAxdk1?	NYXzdZB2OjNzNkW3OFg>
HeLa	M2TVbGdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NGDLRW81OCCwTR?=	Mn7KOFghcA>?	NY\mZZhVTE2VTx?=	NEfTb4lKSzVyIH;mJFQxdk1?	MoHQNlMyPjV5NEi=
HeLa	NHu1flhIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NILESnUzOCCwTR?=	NHvke3c4OiCq	NV\u[\|RYTE2VTx?=	NFHyeIxKSzVyIH;mJFIxdk1?	MX2yN\|E3PTd2OB?=
HeLa	Mo[zS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NEnifI8yOC9\|MD:1NEBvVQ>?	M{Czc\|czKGh?	MoPUSG1UVw>?	MlL3bY5kemWjc3XzJJRp\SCwdX3i[ZIhd2ZiTV3QJEjPnM7qbTmgcI9{eyClZXzsd{Bld3OnIHTldIVv\GWwdHz5	M1i3bVI{OTZ3N{S4
MDA-MB-231	MlPsS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NFzW[4EzPS12MECgcm0>	M{nGd\|Q5KGh?		NYjiZ3lzUUN3MDDv[kAzPjNwMn7NxsA>	MlzGNlMxPTVzOUi=
MCF-7	Ml34S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	NIHMbFEzPS12MECgcm0>	MmjaOFghcA>?		NX61UYhnUUN3MDDv[kAzOjBwNH7N	MnK0NlMxPTVzOUi=
ECC-1	M4ezb2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NGL1fY8yODBibl2=	NF32XVMzPCCq	MkX2[ZRp[W6xbB?=	MlvjbY5kemWjc3XzJJRp\SCycn;wc5J1cW:wIH;mJIFxd3C2b4TpZ{BvfWOuZXmgeI8hOzVn	M1\HTFI{ODJ6OECz
HEC-1A	NGjEdYxIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NU[0R5JMOTByIH7N	NWjZSFI6OjRiaB?=	NEKwc5BmfGijbn;s	M4[0R4lv[3KnYYPld{B1cGVicILvdI9zfGmxbjDv[kBieG:ydH;0bYMhdnWlbHXpJJRwKDN7JR?=	MkfQNlMxOjh6MEO=
NHAC-kn	Mmn6S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	MnHBNVAwOTByL{WwNEBvVQ>?	NGSxUGYyOiCq	NIfydmtFVVOR	MXvJR\|UxKG:oIEWwNI5O	M2TKbFI{ODF5OEex
A549	M2TvUmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NWTOXoVOOjVyIH7N	Mn;tOk04OiCq	NXXY[5FXTE2VTx?=	MmnyZ4F2e2W\|IHGg[5Jm[XSncjDpcohq[mm2b4L5JIVn\mWldDDjc41jcW6nIIfpeIghXFiWIH;yJIVzdG:2aX7pZi=>	MWiyNlk6PDd6MB?=
MG-63	Mn3rS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	MUCzNFAhdk1?	NEK2c4oyOiCq	M3\mdWROW09?	MYrpcohq[mm2czD0bIUh[2WubDDndo94fGhidH:gPFYm	NILwPWgzOjd7OUOzPC=>
MG-63	M4XWSmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NUD2b\|g2OzByIH7N	NXnYS296OjRiaB?=	MmHxSG1UVw>?	M1HybYlvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SClZXzsJIdzd3e2aDD0c{A3PyV?	M3TpUFIzPzl7M{O4
MG-63	NI\wd41Iem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NFzrSI8{ODBibl2=	Mlu3OFghcA>?	MY\EUXNQ	M4nHXYlvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SClZXzsJIdzd3e2aDD0c{A2PiV?	MmG5NlI4QTl\|M{i=
HL60	MV;Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NFHIN\|cyPTBvM{WwJI5O	MX:yOEBp		NVr2clU1cW6lcnXhd4V{KGOnbHygZZBweHSxc3nzxsB4cGWwIHPvcoNmdnS{YYTpc45{KGirZ3jldkB1cGGwIEK1NEBvVQ>?	MVyyNlc2Ozd\|OR?=
U937	MWPHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NWfzfnl5OTVyLUO1NEBvVQ>?	NILzXnIzPCCq		NVvTWnFOcW6lcnXhd4V{KGOnbHygZZBweHSxc3nzxsB4cGWwIHPvcoNmdnS{YYTpc45{KGirZ3jldkB1cGGwIEK1NEBvVQ>?	NUjZNYZvOjJ5NUO3N\|k>
SCC-6	Ml\4S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	MnvhNlAxNTN{MECgcm0>	MkW5NVIwOjRxNEigbC=>	MYDEUXNQ	NEXsOWlqdmirYnn0d{B1cGVicILvcIln\XKjdHnvckBw\iCVQ1OtOkBk\WyuczDpckBiKGSxc3WtJIFv\CC2aX3lMYRmeGWwZHXueEBu[W6wZYK=	M1XJclIzPTV{M{Kx
U87	NYXpS\|hIT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M{XiPVExOC1\|MECgcoc>	Ml3WNlQhcA>?		M{DLNolvcGmkaYTzJJRp\SClZXzsJIdzd3e2aDD0c{A4OiViIHH0JFIxOG6p	MVOyNlI4ODh2OR?=
K562	MXPGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NILhS5kyKM7:TR?=	MVKxNkBp	M4rtXmROW09?	Mnvm[Y5p[W6lZYOgeIhmKGW6cILld5Nqd25ib3[gVnVPYDNiaX7keYNm\CCkeTC1MYF7[S2FZGK=	NUDtb4RPOjJzN{mxPVg>
Reh	NUHnVIZvTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MYqwMlMwOSEQvF2=	NIjCNnEyOiCq	NGjmcJRFVVOR	NELqOYJmdmijbnPld{B1cGViZYjwdoV{e2mxbjDv[kBTXU6[MzDpcoR2[2WmIHL5JFUu[XqjLVPkVi=>	MnfRNlIyPzlzOUi=

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	EGFR / STAT3 ; PubMed: 31289542 Oncol Lett Expression of EGFR and STAT3 in PC3 cells treated with TSA. PC3 cells were plated in 6-cm dishes, and 0.25, 0.5 or 1 µM TSA was added for 24 h. DMSO was added into the control group wells. Cells were collected and lysed with lysis buffer and the protein expression analyzed via western blotting. Cyclin D1 / CDK6 / CDK4 / p-RB / RB; PubMed: 31289542 Oncol Lett Expression of cyclin D1, CDK6, CDK4 and RB, and the phosphorylation of RB, was detected in PC3 cells treated with TSA for 24 h. MMP-1 / MMP-3 / MMP-13 / TIMP-1; PubMed: 27431944 Mol Med Rep Chondrocytes were pretreated with increasing concentrations of TSA for 2 h, followed by stimulation with 5 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h. Acetyl-H3 (Lys27) / H3 (96C10) / Acetyl-H4(Lys8) / H4(L64C1); PubMed: 27431944 Mol Med Rep Chondrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of TSA for 24 h. α-H3Ac / α-H4Ac / α-H3K9Ac / α-H3K9 S10 / α-H3K4 me / α-H3K4 me2 / α-H3K9 me2; PubMed: 23802098 Front Oncol Histone acetylation occurs directly at the promoter region of IL-23R. The ChIP assay demonstrates that TSA treatment results in an increase in the acetylation of histone H3 and H4. A549 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of TSA (250 ng/mL) for a period of 24 h. Subsequently, a ChIP assay was performed using the following antibodies; pan acetyl-histone H3 (H3Ac), pan acetyl-histone H4 (H4Ac), acetyl-histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9Ac), acetyl-histone H3 Lys 9/14 (H3K9/14ac), acetyl-histone H3 Lys 9 phosphoSer10 (H3K9S10), methyl-histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4Me), di methyl-histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4Me2), and di methyl-histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9Me2). Input DNA serves as a positive control as recommended by the manufacturer (Diagenode). A no antibody control was included to test for non-specific binding (UT, untreated; TSA, Trichostatin A).	31289542 27431944 23802098
Immunofluorescence	α-C/EBPβ / α-HP1α ; PubMed: 21122806 Exp Cell Res 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were grown on coverslips for three days and induced to differentiate by treatment with MDI (48 h) in the presence of vehicle (-TSA) or 87 nM Trichostatin A (+TSA). Under these experimental conditions: A-H Cells were fixed and permeabilized in cold methanol, subjected to IIF with the indicated antibodies, and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar, 5 μm. α-HDAC1 ; PubMed: 29045501 PLoS One MCF-7 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of trichostatin A (optical sections E-H, respectively) for 12 hours, fixed, permeabilized and optical sections were obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Fluorescence signal for HDAC1 is shown in green (left panels), DAPI staining is shown in blue (middle panels), and merged optical sections are shown in the right panels. α-tubulin / acetylated histone 3; PubMed: 27957719 Neurotherapeutics Immunocytochemistry for acetylated α-tubulin (red) and acetylated histone 3 (green) on N2a cells treated with 1 μM TSA, ACY-738, and ACY-775.	21122806 29045501 27957719
Growth inhibition assay	Cell viability (A549 cells); PubMed: 27571418 PLoS One Cytotoxicity of histamine determined by MTT assay in A549 cells. Cell viability (MDA-MB-231 cells); PubMed: 27548148 Int J Mol Sci The human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were incubated with various concentrations of TSA (0–300 nM) for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by WST-8. Cell viability (PC3 cells); PubMed: 31289542 Oncol Lett PC3 cells were plated in a 96-well plate and treated with different doses of TSA (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 µM) for 72 h; an MTT assay was used to measure the effects of TSA on PC3 cell proliferation.	27571418 27548148 31289542

In vivo

Administration of Trichostatin A at 0.5 mg/kg for 4 weeks displays potent antitumor activity in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinoma model, without any measurable toxicity at doses up to 5 mg/kg. ^[1] Single intraperitoneal doses of 10 mg/kg Trichostatin A in nontransgenic and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) model mice results in increased levels of acetylated H3 and H4 histones and modest increases in survival motor neuron (SMN) gene expression. Administration of Trichostatin A at 10 mg/kg/day improves survival, attenuates weight loss, and enhances motor behavior in the SMA model mice. ^[5]

Protocol

Kinase Assay: ^[1]	- Collapse In vitro HDAC activity: Total cellular extracts are prepared from each breast cancer cell line (MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, CAL 51, or SK-BR-3). A 20 μL crude cell extract (~2.5 ×10⁵ cells), in the presence of varying concentrations of Trichostatin A in 0.1% (v/v) ethanol or 0.1% (v/v) ethanol as vehicle control, are incubated for 60 minutes at 25 °C with 1 μL (~1.5 × 10⁶ cpm) of [³H]acetyl-labeled histone H4 peptide substrate (NH2-terminal residues 2-20) that has been acetylated with [³H]acetic acid, sodium salt (3.7 GBq/mmol) by an in vitro incorporation method. Each 200 μL reaction is quenched with 50 μL of 1 M HCl/0.16 M acetic acid and extracted with 600 μL of ethyl acetate, and released [³H]acetate is quantified by scintillation counting. IC50 values are determined graphically using nonlinear regression to fit inhibition data to the appropriate dose-response curve.
Cell Research: ^[1]	- Collapse Cell lines: MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75-1, BT-474, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, CAL 51, and SK-BR-3 Concentrations: Dissolved in absolute ethanol, final concentrations ~10 μM Incubation Time: 96 hours Method: Cells are exposed to various concentrations of Trichostatin A for 96 hours. After treatment, cell proliferation is estimated using the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Cell viability is determined by trypan blue exclusion. (Only for Reference)
Animal Research: ^[1]	- Collapse Animal Models: Inbred virgin female (Ludwig/Wistar/Olac) rats bearing tumors induced with NMU Dosages: ~5 mg/kg/day Administration: Injection s.c. (Only for Reference)

References

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	23 mg/mL (76.05 mM)
	Water	Insoluble
	Ethanol	Insoluble
In vivo	Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations): 2% DMSO+30% PEG 300+2% Tween 80+ddH2O For best results, use promptly after mixing.	3mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Trichostatin A (TSA) SDF

Molecular Weight	302.4
Formula	C₁₇H₂₂N₂O₃
CAS No.	58880-19-6
Storage	3 years -20°C powder
Storage	2 years -80°C in solvent
Synonyms	N/A

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

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Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (Different batches have different solubility ratios, please contact Selleck to provide you with the correct ratio)

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Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and MSDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and MSDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):

Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2020-05-15)

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT03901053	Recruiting	Device: Reaktiv AFO\|Device: PhatBrace AFO	Foot Injuries and Disorders	Jason Wilken\|Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center\|Walter Reed National Military Medical Center\|Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine\|Center for Veterans Research and Education\|University of Delaware\|Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health\|University of Iowa	February 27 2020	Not Applicable
NCT03887650	Recruiting	Drug: Liposomal Bupivicaine 1.3%\|Drug: Bupivacaine 0.5%	Post-operative Pain\|Total Shoulder Arthroplasty\|Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder\|Pain Management	Hartford Hospital	January 14 2019	Phase 4
NCT03838926	Recruiting	Drug: Trichostatin A	Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies	Vanda Pharmaceuticals	September 27 2018	Phase 1

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

Tel: +1-832-582-8158 Ext:3

If you have any other enquiries, please leave a message.

Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
I would like to obtain the enantiomers of TSA, as separate chemicals: R-TSA and S-TSA. Do you have any ideas?
Answer:
Our S1045 Trichostatin A (TSA) is R enantiomer.

HDAC Signaling Pathway Map

HDAC Inhibitors with Unique Features

Selective HDAC Inhibitor

RGFP966 : HDAC3-selective, IC50=80 nM.
Selective HDAC Inhibitor

Rocilinostat (ACY-1215) : HDAC5-selective, IC50=5 nM.
Most Potent HDAC Inhibitor

Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585) : HDAC1, IC50=0.11 nM; HDAC2, IC50=0.33 nM.
FDA-approved HDAC Inhibitor

Vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683) : Approved by FDA against cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
Newest HDAC Inhibitor

RG2833 (RGFP109) ^New : Brain-penetrant HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 60 nM and 50 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively.

Related HDAC Products

LMK-235 ^New

LMK-235 is a selective inhibitor of HDAC4 and HDAC5 with IC50 of 11.9 nM and 4.2 nM, respectively.
CAY10603 ^New

CAY10603 is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 2 pM, >200-fold selectivity over other HDACs.
Domatinostat (4SC-202) ^New

4SC-202 is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 1.20 μM, 1.12 μM, and 0.57 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. Also displays inhibitory activity against Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Phase 1.
Panobinostat (LBH589)

Panobinostat (LBH589) is a novel broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM in a cell-free assay. Phase 3.
Vorinostat (SAHA)

Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of ~10 nM in a cell-free assay.
Entinostat (MS-275)

Entinostat (MS-275) strongly inhibits HDAC1 and HDAC3 with IC50 of 0.51 μM and 1.7 μM in cell-free assays, compared with HDACs 4, 6, 8, and 10. Phase 3.
Romidepsin (FK228, Depsipeptide)

Romidepsin (FK228, depsipeptide) is a potent HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor with IC50 of 36 nM and 47 nM in cell-free assays, respectively.

Features:More effective than other classical HDAC inhibitors such as TSA, TPX, and butyrate.
RGFP966

RGFP966 is an HDAC3 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.08 μM in cell-free assay, exhibits > 200-fold selectivity over other HDAC.
Tubastatin A

Tubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold).
Mocetinostat (MGCD0103)

Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with most potency for HDAC1 with IC50 of 0.15 μM in a cell-free assay, 2- to 10- fold selectivity against HDAC2, 3, and 11, and no activity to HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Phase 2.

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Trichostatin A (TSA)