Cyclopamine

Name: Cyclopamine
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1146
Rating: 5 (94 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S1146 Synonyms: 11-deoxojervine

94 publications

CAS No. 4449-51-8

Cyclopamine (11-deoxojervine) is a specific Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway antagonist of Smoothened (Smo) with IC50 of 46 nM in TM3Hh12 cells.

Selleck's Cyclopamine has been cited by 94 publications

Nature, 2021, 10.1038/s41586-021-03703-z

PubMed: 34234347 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nature, 2015, 10.1038/nature14325

PubMed: 25938716 ( click the link to review the publication )

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2021, 118(29)e2101783118

PubMed: 34230098 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2021, canres.0198.2021

PubMed: 34167949 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(3)418

PubMed: 33499351 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(5):459

PubMed: 33966040 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(5):495

PubMed: 33993198 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2021, 10.1111/jcmm.16313

PubMed: 33507617 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Med, 2021, 10.1002/cam4.4018

PubMed: 34076346 ( click the link to review the publication )

Molecules, 2021, 26(9)2607

PubMed: 33946996 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Lett, 2021, 21(4):295

PubMed: 33732371 ( click the link to review the publication )

Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2021, 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0588

PubMed: 33617370 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Orthop Surg Res, 2021, 16(1):160

PubMed: 33637095 ( click the link to review the publication )

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2021, 62(2):33

PubMed: 33616621 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1):44

PubMed: 31896750 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2020, 21;31(3):107521

PubMed: 32320667 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Cancer, 2020, 7

PubMed: 32383186 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cell Reports, 2020, S2213-6711(20)30192-2

PubMed: 32589876 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2020, dgaa656

PubMed: 32936899 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020, 11(1):488

PubMed: 33198821 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 20;2020:1868764

PubMed: 32377291 ( click the link to review the publication )

Proc Biol Sci, 2020, 287(1935):20192939

PubMed: 32933441 ( click the link to review the publication )

Chemosphere, 2020, 6;254:126709

PubMed: 32348926 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Cell Neurosci, 2020, 14:575690

PubMed: 33343302 ( click the link to review the publication )
Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(17)E6410

PubMed: 32899202 ( click the link to review the publication )

Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2020, 10.1038/s41401-020-00504-4

PubMed: 32855528 ( click the link to review the publication )

Dev Biol, 2020, 457(1):128-139

PubMed: 31550483 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Med, 2020, 10.1002/cam4.2873

PubMed: 32030915 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2020, 44(6):2610-2620

PubMed: 33125122 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neural Plast, 2020, 2020:8815195

PubMed: 32802036 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11:204

PubMed: 32194421 ( click the link to review the publication )

Dev Cell, 2019, 51(6):665-674.e6

PubMed: 31813796 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biol, 2019, 218(9):3134-3152

PubMed: 31371388 ( click the link to review the publication )

Elife, 2019, 8e50208

PubMed: 31482846 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancers (Basel), 2019, 11(10)

PubMed: 31658643 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Mol Genet, 2019, 28(6):896-911

PubMed: 30445456 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(3):2058-2066

PubMed: 30317648 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(8)E1991

PubMed: 31018557 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biochem, 2019, 120(11):18979-18994

PubMed: 31245876 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biochem, 2019, 120(4):5386-5395

PubMed: 30367510 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Cell Res, 2019, 385(2):111671

PubMed: 31634481 ( click the link to review the publication )

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2019, 124(6):660-669

PubMed: 30548093 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2019, 18(1):38-47

PubMed: 30243878 ( click the link to review the publication )

Phytomedicine, 2019, 67:153163

PubMed: 31901891 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neuron, 2018, 97(6):1235-1243

PubMed: 29526553 ( click the link to review the publication )

EMBO Rep, 2018, 19(2):269-289

PubMed: 29263200 ( click the link to review the publication )

Elife, 2018, 7

PubMed: 30014845 ( click the link to review the publication )

Lab Chip, 2018, 18(20):3184-3195

PubMed: 30204194 ( click the link to review the publication )
Exp Cell Res, 2018, 366(1):63-70

PubMed: 29548749 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Pain, 2018, 14:1744806918767560

PubMed: 29607715 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biol Reprod, 2018, 98(4):480-490

PubMed: 29329377 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2018, 39(1):21-30

PubMed: 29115520 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Transplant, 2018, 27(3):393-406

PubMed: 29749250 ( click the link to review the publication )

Anticancer Drugs, 2018, 29(10):995-1003

PubMed: 30106753 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2018, 11(5):2920-2930

PubMed: 31938417 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2017, 8:14382

PubMed: 28176763 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS Genet, 2017, 13(8):e1006951

PubMed: 28797033 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Discov, 2017,

PubMed: 28923910 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Immunol, 2017, 9:2847

PubMed: 30568656 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Physiol Biochem, 2017, 43(5):1813-1828

PubMed: 29065414 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2017, 21(3):568-578

PubMed: 27709831 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Cell Res, 2017, 357(1):79-87

PubMed: 28461158 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2017, 89:147-156

PubMed: 28624529 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Immunol, 2017, 92:68-75

PubMed: 29054053 ( click the link to review the publication )

Onco Targets Ther, 2017, 10:5605-5619

PubMed: 29200875 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2017, 8(26):42495-42509

PubMed: 28477008 ( click the link to review the publication )

EMBO Rep, 2016, 17(5):682-94

PubMed: 27113760 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Med Chem, 2016, 59(24):11050-11068

PubMed: 27736063 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biosci, 2016, 10.1186/s13578-016-0104-8

PubMed: 27313840 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2016, 7(6):6626-38

PubMed: 26675547 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Hematol Oncol, 2015, 8:63

PubMed: 26048374 ( click the link to review the publication )

Development, 2015, 142(15):2610-22

PubMed: 26116667 ( click the link to review the publication )
Am J Cancer Res, 2015, 5(9):2569-89

PubMed: 26609469 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Carcinog, 2015, 10.1002/mc.22300

PubMed: 25728352 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Med, 2015, 35(6):1641-50

PubMed: 25872645 ( click the link to review the publication )

Data Brief, 2015, 4:22-31

PubMed: 26217756 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cell Reports, 2015, 5(5):816-828

PubMed: 26527387 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Biol Ther, 2014, 15(5):544-59

PubMed: 24553082 ( click the link to review the publication )

Eur J Pharmacol, 2014, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.074

PubMed: 24534491 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Biochem, 2014, 396(1-2):257-68

PubMed: 25064451 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2014, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.001

PubMed: 25305367 ( click the link to review the publication )

Insect Sci, 2014, 10.1111/1744-7917

PubMed: 25154865 ( click the link to review the publication )

Dev Biol, 2013, 381(2):312-23

PubMed: 23872235 ( click the link to review the publication )

Dev Cell, 2013, 25(2):169-81

PubMed: 23602386 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cancer, 2013, 12:66

PubMed: 23786654 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2013, 5;32(1):7

PubMed: 23379358 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicol Lett, 2013, 225(2):318-324

PubMed: 24388991 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2013, 8(3):e57346

PubMed: 23483902 ( click the link to review the publication )

Liver Int, 2013, 33(1):149-61

PubMed: 23121638 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2013, 4(10):1698-1711

PubMed: 24091605 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neuro Oncol, 2012, 14(12):1441-51

PubMed: 23104476 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2012, 72(9):2262-74

PubMed: 22396494 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2012, 322(2):169-76

PubMed: 22450749 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Hematol, 2012, 40(5):418-27

PubMed: 22240607 ( click the link to review the publication )

Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective Hedgehog/Smoothened Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Cyclopamine (11-deoxojervine) is a specific Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway antagonist of Smoothened (Smo) with IC50 of 46 nM in TM3Hh12 cells.

Targets

Smoothened ^[1]
(TM3Hh12 cells)

46 nM

In vitro

Cyclopamine inhibits the Hedgehog signaling pathway with an IC50 of 46 nM, and blocks the activity of human Smo receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells in [³H]Hh-Ag binding assay with an IC50 of 280 nM. ^[1] Cyclopamine significantly inhibits Hedgehog pathway activity in a dose-dependent manner in gut-derived tumor cell lines expressing Patched (PTCH) mRNA, and induces growth inhibition of those tumor cell lines by 75-95% at the concentration of 3 μM, but ineffective towards the colon tumor cells without PTCH mRNA expression, suggesting the effects of Cyclopamine treatment are Hedgehog pathway related rather than generally cytotoxic. ^[2] By blocking Hedgehog signaling through direct interaction with Smo, Cyclopamine (10 μM) inhibits the proliferation of SMO^high Cyclopamine-responsive cell lines L3.6sl and Panc 05.04 by 75-80%, and increases the apoptosis by 2.5- to 3.5-fold, without affecting the BxPC3-SMO^low cell line. ^[3] Cyclopamine treatment significantly decreases of Snail mRNA and increasea E-cadherin transcripts in the E3LZ10.7 cell line. Independent of inhibition of cell growth, Cyclopamine treatment significantly inhibits the invasive phenotype of Hedgehog-dependent L3.6pl cells, causing a >500-fold reduction in the number of transmigrating cells, but not that of the Hedgehog-independent cell line Panc-1. ^[4]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
OS-RC-2	MVfHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			M1zlOGlEPTB;NT64OlY3KM7:TR?=	Mon1QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
DOHH-2	MV\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			MVTJR\|UxRTlwM{W2PFkh\|ryP	MXi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
no-10	NETENW1Iem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			NELacoZKSzVyPUmuPVA{QSEQvF2=	MnrpQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
LS-513	NYTvO2NKT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MoHETWM2OD1zMT6zOVQ4KM7:TR?=	MlzJQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
ALL-PO	NYXHcW85T3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NUn0WmtEUUN3ME2xNU44PzN2IN88US=>	NH7oSVY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
8-MG-BA	NXWzboxGT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MnvhTWM2OD1zMz6xNVI{KM7:TR?=	MVu8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
RPMI-8402	NHnEephIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MXnJR\|UxRTF3Lki1N\|ch\|ryP	NVTndIJURGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
EoL-1-cell	NELuNJRIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			M4j3e2lEPTB;MUiuOVk1QCEQvF2=	M4m2NVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
NALM-6	NYDsSodkT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NGfkcHdKSzVyPUG5MlAyPjdizszN	MYm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
DEL	M{fEdmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NEXGcWFKSzVyPUKwMlE1PzFizszN	MlX1QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
SR	M33ud2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NHr2dZhKSzVyPUKzMlY4OTVizszN	M1[2R\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
697	MnXFS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			M3\Qe2lEPTB;Mk[uOlE2PSEQvF2=	MXW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
COLO-829	M{f3Nmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NILtNXBKSzVyPUK2Mlg1QDNizszN	NYnxemo1RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
EVSA-T	NETtdFNIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MXjJR\|UxRTJ5LkW1OlEh\|ryP	MXi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
ATN-1	MULHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			MnP6TWM2OD1\|MT6yN\|I6KM7:TR?=	NGDFd409[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
L-363	MofzS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NHm4OVFKSzVyPUOxMlc1PjFizszN	NGPWVo09[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
LAMA-84	MYDHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			NHTEWZVKSzVyPUOyMlUzOTFizszN	M1;VdlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
NOS-1	MYLHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			Mnj3TWM2OD1\|ND6yPVU3KM7:TR?=	MkK4QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
BB30-HNC	NGLnSXhIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			NWTOZpV4UUN3ME2zOE4{OzB4IN88US=>	M1vWWVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
BC-1	NYnZ[4kyT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NFSzfGlKSzVyPUO3Mlk4PDZizszN	MXO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
IST-SL2	NVn5[JNiT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MX;JR\|UxRTN6LkKyOEDPxE1?	MlL0QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
D-392MG	NETPb5hIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			NHm4UI1KSzVyPUSwMlIzOTVizszN	MY[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
no-11	M1rmUWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MXfJR\|UxRTRyLkW1NlEh\|ryP	M1fzdlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
LC4-1	NGi5R5lIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MlG4TWM2OD12MD64O\|E3KM7:TR?=	MlO1QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
A388	M1TUTmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MV7JR\|UxRTR{LkW4OFgh\|ryP	NWHhc2hCRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
NTERA-S-cl-D1	NV;He3p{T3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NIfT[WFKSzVyPUSyMlcxPzRizszN	NXL2OYQ3RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
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CMK	Mm[4S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NYXIOIVGUUN3ME2xOFkvPTF3IN88US=>	NEHt[2M9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
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KP-N-YS	NEL0bWNIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MmTnTWM2OD1zNkiuN\|k2KM7:TR?=	NXPsPZRxRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
Ramos-2G6-4C10	M1vDemdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MVjJR\|UxRTF4OT65NVUh\|ryP	NEXZW2Y9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
Becker	MnrkS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NWS3cHJ5UUN3ME2xO\|QvOThizszN	NWfMSIttRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
LB647-SCLC	M{DkV2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NUXreoRLUUN3ME2xO\|UvQDR3IN88US=>	NIDPbGQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
LU-139	NFzob29Iem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MljyTWM2OD1zN{iuNFE6KM7:TR?=	MknFQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
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NCI-H1395	M4Dxbmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MWrJR\|UxRTF5OT65PVYh\|ryP	MXe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
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GI-ME-N	M2KwUGdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NInlO2hKSzVyPUG4O{46PjlizszN	MmPpQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
KMS-12-PE	NWXLeJR5T3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			M3nZW2lEPTB;MUi5MlI4OyEQvF2=	M2XQfVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
Daudi	NGXVSI1Iem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			M2\CRmlEPTB;MUmxMlEzQCEQvF2=	MYm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
LB996-RCC	M{THN2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MmPVTWM2OD1zOUGuOlk6KM7:TR?=	MW[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
NCI-H2107	NIj3fpdIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MX7JR\|UxRTF7Mz63N\|kh\|ryP	NYL6VpM{RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
SK-PN-DW	M{D1XWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MYPJR\|UxRTF7ND63NVkh\|ryP	NXPacWpjRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
MC-CAR	MVfHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			NXTOOVNuUUN3ME2yNFIvOjV\|IN88US=>	MkLtQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
SNB75	M3;VVGdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NHfXUZZKSzVyPUKyNU46PCEQvF2=	M{HNTFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
ES4	M4DvU2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MkfwTWM2OD1{MkOuO\|g{KM7:TR?=	M{TmXVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
KARPAS-422	NWrUSo5pT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NH\HToxKSzVyPUKyPE4{PTJizszN	MYi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
NCI-H1648	M{\Temdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NFX6SmpKSzVyPUKyPU41QDlizszN	NYLLNppnRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
ES6	MoW5S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			M1faO2lEPTB;MkO5MlQ{KM7:TR?=	MYq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
KNS-81-FD	NGDTcWxIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MVjJR\|UxRTJ2MT6xPVch\|ryP	M3:wXVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
JAR	MW\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			M3f1XGlEPTB;MkW2MlIzPSEQvF2=	NEXtO4o9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
NB1	Mn3KS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			M1j6V2lEPTB;Mk[wMlUyPiEQvF2=	MlLzQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
D-336MG	NUn0ZldxT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			Moj2TWM2OD1{NkCuOlk5KM7:TR?=	M{jQZVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
BC-3	NFjCOI5Iem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			MX3JR\|UxRTJ4NT6xO\|gh\|ryP	MVS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
HCC2218	M3H5bmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			M2DJfWlEPTB;Mk[2MlQyPSEQvF2=	M2rIVFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
TE-9	NW\VXHg1T3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MonuTWM2OD1{Nk[uOlI4KM7:TR?=	MmrqQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
LB1047-RCC	MVzHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			NX\tSoNXUUN3ME2yOlYvPzV\|IN88US=>	M{PEPVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
CTB-1	M2DYeWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MXjJR\|UxRTJ4OT65O\|Mh\|ryP	NV[2dmNRRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
NB7	M3zXTWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NIrS[YRKSzVyPUK3NUDPxE1?	NVzBdINDRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
ST486	MY\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			M4\hSGlEPTB;Mke3MlQyOiEQvF2=	Moi4QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
HCC1187	M3;0SWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NFLLUnRKSzVyPUK4Nk45OTFizszN	NIL1dmw9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
NCI-SNU-16	MVHHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			MnHVTWM2OD1{OESuNlQ5KM7:TR?=	MmGxQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
COR-L279	MV7Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			NVf4N2hRUUN3ME2yPVEvPTh2IN88US=>	NF3kSG49[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
ES8	M3jTcmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			M3jwS2lEPTB;Mkm0MlE5OiEQvF2=	M3Gz[lxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
U-698-M	M33IV2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MUPJR\|UxRTJ7OD6yOFMh\|ryP	NX\VN2diRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
HEL	NVX5em5lT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MYLJR\|UxRTNyOT6xOFkh\|ryP	NHrqd2w9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
KINGS-1	NWS1ToZrT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NIDQeG9KSzVyPUOxNE43PzRizszN	MUK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
KY821	MX\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			M2nwR2lEPTB;M{O2MlU6PSEQvF2=	MUi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
MZ1-PC	M4DRUWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MkLPTWM2OD1\|NEWuOlE5KM7:TR?=	M1:4eVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
LS-411N	MoOxS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			M{\xN2lEPTB;M{W0MlY3KM7:TR?=	M{TseFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
SIG-M5	NHPyOYFIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			NFPaNlFKSzVyPUO1PU44QDJizszN	NGLPflg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
HT	MWHHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			MVzJR\|UxRTN4Nz63NVEh\|ryP	M3LyVlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
HC-1	MmTrS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NHjpVHhKSzVyPUO2O{44QDdizszN	M3Xs[VxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
NCI-H1694	NUjte3hOT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MljOTWM2OD1\|N{KuPVM1KM7:TR?=	M3TO[lxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
BB65-RCC	M1m3[2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NVXzbXNrUUN3ME2zO\|YvOjR3IN88US=>	MojMQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
HAL-01	MlPhS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NYWzTXg1UUN3ME2zO\|kvQDN6IN88US=>	MkD0QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
ARH-77	Mo\tS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NUDuOZl3UUN3ME2zPVQvODB6IN88US=>	MV28ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
MZ7-mel	NY\a[3FIT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NIfOfXVKSzVyPUO5O{4zOzNizszN	MnHRQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
SIMA	MnHlS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NE[x[XlKSzVyPUSwN{46OzNizszN	MV:8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
DG-75	NX;kVYF5T3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MkjkTWM2OD12MUWuOlk5KM7:TR?=	NHvYe5E9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
HUTU-80	MlWxS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NIXaSnVKSzVyPUSxPU4yQDVizszN	M3;aTlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
KNS-42	M{\iPGdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			NVrUUXE6UUN3ME20NlUvQDF3IN88US=>	MWW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
SH-4	M4jlZWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			MoXYTWM2OD12MkeuOVY2KM7:TR?=	Mo[3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
L-540	MlrJS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			MXPJR\|UxRTR\|MT6wN\|Eh\|ryP	M3XZOVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
NB10	M3G4bWdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			M1;sUGlEPTB;NESxMlI{PCEQvF2=	MUG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
ES1	NHOyfnBIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			M3nsXmlEPTB;NEWyMlc2OyEQvF2=	MUC8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
KMOE-2	NV2xWHlCT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			NWjJT3FoUUN3ME20OVYvPzFzIN88US=>	MoH3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
MC116	NWPVfodmT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			MkfWTWM2OD12NUiuNVE3KM7:TR?=	NHn4[Hc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwzPTRzMkmvK\|5USU6JRWK8M4E,
RCC10RGB	Mm\5S5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			MYnJR\|UxRTR4MD6wNFUh\|ryP	MoX2QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
RL95-2	NHHudXdIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			M1nHcGlEPTB;NE[wMlI{PyEQvF2=	MXW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
Raji	MX\Hdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			MlXQTWM2OD12NkiuNVQ{KM7:TR?=	NUX2b4g2RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
CAS-1	M{S4S2dzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7			Mki3TWM2OD12N{KuNFc{KM7:TR?=	MUm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyyOVQyOjlxJ{7TRW5ITVJ:L3G+
Calu-6	NXrJcXVFT3Kxd4ToJGlvcGmkaYTpc44hSXO\|YYm=			M3\I[2lEPTB;NEe1MlI3PSEQvF2=	NVXzdoxJRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
KG-1	Mn3FS5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?			NWn0Z3JyUUN3ME20O\|gvPDRizszN	NU[wdIt6RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
LB771-HNC	MXrHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?			M1O3[GlEPTB;NEiyMlI{OiEQvF2=	MofsQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNlU1OTJ7Lze+V2FPT0WUPD;hQi=>
ACN	NEXOTJJIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			M2LK[GlEPTB;NEmzMlU6QSEQvF2=	NUTqV5Z6RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOjV2MUK5M{c,W0GQR1XSQE9iRg>?
KM12	NFnCZlVIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=			NXixNHRnUUN3ME20PVYvPTh7IN88US=>	M1PjcVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFI2PDF{OT:nQnNCVkeHUkyvZV4>
U2OS	NV\GdVFSTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MnfxRolv\GmwZzDh[oZqdmm2eTD0c{B4cWymIIT5dIUhW22xIHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckBWOk:VIHPlcIx{KGK7IIPjbY51cWyuYYTpc44h[2:3boTpcoctKEumIE2gNE4xOTJ2IN88UU4>	M{nrTlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|ME[zOVIzLz5{M{C2N\|UzOjxxYU6=
U2OS	MX;GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		MX:yJIhzew>?	NFHQZ25FcXOybHHj[Y1mdnRib3[gX\|NJZWO7Y3zvdIFucW6nIH\yc40hf2muZDD0fZBmKFOvbzDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4hXTKRUzDj[YxteyCjZoTldkAzKGi{czDifUB{[2mwdHnscIF1cW:wIHPveY51cW6pLDDLbUA:KDBwMEGyO{DPxE1w	Ml3wQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjNyNkO1NlIoRjJ\|ME[zOVIzRC:jPh?=
TM3	M4LLfWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		M{jlT\|Q5KGi{cx?=	NYjSNZJ5UW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDI[YRo\WixZzDzbYdv[WyrbnegdIF1cHejeTDpckBud3W\|ZTDUUVMh[2WubIOgZoViemmwZzDwWGEuQHiJbHmtUJVkKHKncH;yeIVzKGOxboP0dpVkfCCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczD0doFve2O{aYD0bY9v[WxibX;keYxifGmxbjDv[kBIdGliYX\0[ZIhPDhiaILzJIJ6KGy3Y3nm[ZJie2ViYYPzZZktKEmFNUCgQUAxNjB2NjFOwG0v	NX70NI1QRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUmwPVE2PTlpPkG5NFkyPTV7PD;hQi=>
HCC827	NGD0O3NHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NGPXcmpFcXOybHHj[Y1mdnRib3[gX\|NJZS2leXPsc5BidWmwZTDmdo9uKFOPTzDWOFA1VSCvdYThcpQhcW5iZ3XmbZRqdmmkIILld4l{fGGwdDDoeY1idiCKQ1O4Nlch[2WubIOgZpkhe2OrboTpcIxifGmxbjDjc5VvfGmwZzygT4khRSByLkC1NUDPxE1w	NGDaPGY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OEe4O\|E2Pid-Mki3PFcyPTZ:L3G+
HEK293	M1XQNmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		M3fnb\|IhcHK\|	M3\i[GRqe3CuYXPlcYVvfCCxZjDCU2RKWFlvbHHi[Yxt\WRiY4njcI9x[W2rbnWg[pJwdSCqdX3hckBUdW9icnXj[ZB1d3JiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJGhGUzJ7MzDj[YxteyCjZoTldkAzKGi{czDifUBndHWxcnXzZ4Vv[2VibXnjdo9{[2:yeTygTWM2OCB;IECuNFY1KM7:TT6=	NV7mUZJrRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKyOlg2PTFpPkKyNlY5PTVzPD;hQi=>
Shh Light2	NHPl[FBHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		M4PZ[\|MxKGi{cx?=	MYXJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKGinZHflbI9oKHOrZ37hcIlv\yCyYYToe4F6KGmwIH3veZNmKFOqaDDMbYdpfDJiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kB{d26rYzDo[YRo\WixZz3pcoR2[2WmIFfMTVEudWWmaXH0[YQhfHKjboPjdolxfGmxbnHsJIFkfGm4aYT5JI1m[XO3cnXkJIFnfGW{IEOwJIhzeyCkeTDkeYFtKGy3Y3nm[ZJie2VicnXwc5J1\XJiZ3Xu[UBie3OjeTygTWM2OCB;IECuNFc1OSEQvF2u	NV\5[JBjRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMke1Olc{PzFpPkK3OVY4OzdzPD;hQi=>
U2OS	M1vvO2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MlXwRolv\GmwZzDh[oZqdmm2eTD0c{BUdW9iRES3N2ghdXW2YX70JIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiCXMl;TJINmdGy\|IHL5JJNkcW62aXzsZZRqd25iY3;1cpRqdmduIFvkJF0hOC5zMU[g{txONg>?	MWK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzB4M{WyNkc,OjNyNkO1NlI9N2F-
DaOY	NFPrUnRHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NXzGVoVNPDhiaILz	MVHJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKEinZHflbI9oKHOrZ37hcIlv\yCrbjDoeY1idiCGYV;ZJINmdGy\|IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJIRwf26{ZXf1cIF1cW:wIH;mJGdtcTFibWLORUBmgHC{ZYPzbY9vKGGodHXyJFQ5KGi{czDifUBTXC2SQ2KgZY5idHm\|aYOsJGlEPTBiPTCwMlE3KM7:TT6=	NEfnV2c9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEmwNFcyPid-MkS5NFA4OTZ:L3G+
U2OS	M4\tUmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		NVj1[IsxOiCqcoO=	MV3EbZNxdGGlZX3lcpQhd2ZiW{PIYYN6[2yxcHHtbY5mKG[{b32gV41wKER2N{PIJI12fGGwdDDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4hXTKRUzDj[YxteyCjZoTldkAzKGi{czDifUB{[2mwdHnscIF1cW:wIHPveY51cW6pLDDLbUA:KDBwMkOyJO69VS5?	NXjTSIl7RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOwOlM2OjJpPkKzNFY{PTJ{PD;hQi=>
CHO	MlS2SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NFrYNoJCdnSjZ3;ubZN1KGGldHn2bZR6KGG2IHj1cYFvKFOvbzDy[YNmeHSxcjDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4hS0iRIHPlcIx{KGK7IGuzTH1JcC2DZzDibY5lcW6pIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwJF0hOC5{ODFOwG0v	M2\NTFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF7MEmxOVU6Lz5zOUC5NVU2QTxxYU6=
Shh Light2	MXTGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		NF3HdIQ1OCCqcoO=	M1HROmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiU1jIJJBifGi5YYmgbY4hdW:3c3WgV4hpKEyrZ3j0NkBk\WyuczDh[pRmeiB2MDDodpMh[nliR3zpMYRmeGWwZHXueEBtfWOrZnXyZZNmKHKncH;yeIVzKGenbnWgZZN{[XluIFnDOVAhRSByLkOg{txONg>?	M2\LNlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJzNUmyO\|g5Lz5{MUW5Nlc5QDxxYU6=
Shh-light2	MY\GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NEXFTIlKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGPtc{1u\WSrYYTl[EBJcCC\|aXfuZYxqdmdiaX6gbJVu[W5iU3joMYxq\2i2MjDj[YxteyCkeTDseYNq\mW{YYPlJJJmeG:{dHXyJIdmdmViYYPzZZktKEmFNUCgQUAxNjNizszNMi=>	NUHSbotyRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKyOlg2PTFpPkKyNlY5PTVzPD;hQi=>
M210B4	MUTGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		M17wTlI1KGi{cx?=	NGj1XXFKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjl[IdmcG:pIIPp[45idGmwZzDpckBud3W\|ZTDNNlExSjRiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiZH;3cpJm\3WuYYTpc44hd2ZiUITjbEBuWk6DIHX4dJJme3Orb36gZYZ1\XJiMkSgbJJ{KGK7IGLUMXBEWiCjbnHsfZNqeyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwNEOg{txONg>?	NHH2W3I9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEmwNFcyPid-MkS5NFA4OTZ:L3G+
Shh-Light 2	MXTGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		Ml3tNkBl[Xm\|	NEDzU\|RCdnSjZ3;ubZN1KGGldHn2bZR6KGG2IGPtc{BqdiCvb4Xz[UBUcGhvTHnnbJQhOiClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCrbnjpZol1cW:wIH;mJHNpcC2rbnT1Z4VlKEeuaUGtdoVxd3K2ZYKgZYN1cX[rdImgZYZ1\XJiMjDkZZl{KGK7IHT1ZYwudHWlaX\ldoF{\SC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJI1mfGixZDygTWM2OCB;IECuOFg1KM7:TT6=	NUKwUmtjRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOwOlM2OjJpPkKzNFY{PTJ{PD;hQi=>
Shh Light2	M1fTcmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NH;MOmRKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGPITEBqdiCvb4Xz[UBUcGhiTHnnbJQzKGOnbHzzJIJ6KEeOST3y[ZNxd26\|aY\lJIZqemWobImgcJVkcW[ncnHz[UBz\XCxcoTldkBo\W6nIHHzd4F6NCCHQ{WwJF0hOC53IN88UU4>	MlXRQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTl\|MEmwPFAoRjF7M{C5NFgxRC:jPh?=
C3H10T1/2	MV3GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			M4CxTmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiTj30[ZJucW6jbDDTTGgh[WO2aY\heIVlKHCjdHj3ZZkhcW5ibX;1d4UhSzOKMUDUNU8zKGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KFODRz3pcoR2[2WmIHPlcIwh\GmoZnXy[Y51cWG2aX;uJIJ6KGGua3HsbY5mKHCqb4PwbIF1[XOnIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwJF0hOC54IN88UU4>	M3HEPFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJzNUmyO\|g5Lz5{MUW5Nlc5QDxxYU6=
C3H10T1/2	NXHQTIFJTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		NIL5cXQ3KGi{cx?=	M2r6SGlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiU1HHMYlv\HWlZXSg[Iln\mW{ZX70bYF1cW:wIH;mJI1wfXOnIH3ld4Vv[2i7bXHsJJBtfXKrcH;0[Y51KEN\|SEGwWFEwOiClZXzsd{B1dyCjbHvhcIlv\SCyaH;zdIhifGG\|ZTDwc5NqfGm4ZTDv[ZNmd2KuYYP0d{Bi\nSncjC2JIhzeyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwNkKg{txONg>?	MkT6QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJ{Nki1OVEoRjJ{Mk[4OVUyRC:jPh?=
ASZ001	MXXGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		MlTmOFghcHK\|	NFjJRZpKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjl[IdmcG:pIIPp[45idGmwZzDpckBud3W\|ZTDBV3oxODFiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiZH;3cpJm\3WuYYTpc44hd2ZiR3zpNUBuWk6DIHX4dJJme3Orb36gZYZ1\XJiNEigbJJ{KGK7IGLUMXBEWiCjbnHsfZNqeyxiSVO1NEA:KDBwNk[g{txONg>?	NHTVeGQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEmwNFcyPid-MkS5NFA4OTZ:L3G+
M210B4	NIr1fldHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		M4DqVlI1KGi{cx?=	M4HYdWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiSHXk[4Vpd2dic3nncoFtcW6pIHnuJI1wfXOnIF2yNVBDPCClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCmb4fudoVofWyjdHnvckBw\iCJbHmxJI1TVkFiZYjwdoV{e2mxbjDh[pRmeiB{NDDodpMh[nliUmStVGNTKGGwYXz5d4l{NCCLQ{WwJF0hOC56IN88UU4>	MXK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDlyMEexOkc,OjR7MEC3NVY9N2F-
medulloblastoma cells	NV\J[HFbSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=			M{nDT2FvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIFkfGm4aYT5JIFo[Wmwc4SgcY92e2VibXXkeYxtd2KuYYP0c41iKGOnbHzzJIhiemKxcnnu[{Bp\XSncn;6fYdwfXNicITjbFEh\2WwZTDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEWFNUCgQUAyKM7:TT6=	NFTZeIQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zN{SxO\|Y{OSd-MUe0NVc3OzF:L3G+
CHO	Mo[1SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			MX3BcpRi\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KG2xdYPlJHNudyC{ZXPldJRweiCneIDy[ZN{\WRiaX6gR2hQKGOnbHzzJIJ6KFt\|SG3IbE1C\yCkaX7kbY5oKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyIE2gNU4zKM7:TT6=	NH3NNXg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOUC5NVU2QSd-MUmwPVE2PTl:L3G+
Shh-Light2	MVjGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		M3[5RlQ5KGi{cx?=	MlnvTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCVSFigbY4hdW:3c3WgV4hpNUyrZ3j0NkBk\WyuczDh[pRmeiB2ODDodpMh[nliR3zpNUBz\XCxcoTldkBo\W6nIHHzd4F6KGmwIIDy[ZNmdmOnIH;mJHNCTyxiSVO1NEA:KDFwM{GyJO69VS5?	MVK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yQTV2MUS5NEc,OTl3NEG0PVA9N2F-
MEF	NIPvXJNHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MVzJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKFOvbzDpckBud3W\|ZTDQeINpNWSnZnnjbYVvfCCPRV[gZ4VtdHNiYYPz[ZN{\WRiYYOgbY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCVaHitbY5lfWOnZDDHcIkyKHS{YX7zZ5JqeHSrb37hcEBi[3Srdnn0fUwhUUN3MDC9JFEvPSEQvF2u	MY[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzB5NEW0NUc,OjNyN{S1OFE9N2F-
MEF	MXTGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		NHHqfIU{OCCqcoO=	M2P4bmlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiU33vJIlvKG2xdYPlJHB1[2hvZHXmbYNq\W62IF3FSkBk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{BqdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIGPobE1qdmS3Y3XkJGdtcS2{ZYPwc45{cX[nIHLleIFo[WyjY4Tvd4ll[XOnIHHjeIl3cXS7IHHmeIVzKDNyIHjyd{BjgSCEZYThS2xwKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyIE2gNU46KM7:TT6=	NFLG[Jg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{C3OFU1OSd-MkOwO\|Q2PDF:L3G+
neural precursor cells	Mo\KRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZZN{[Xl?			NGHqfHdCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBi[3Srdnn0fUBi\2GrboP0JI1wfXOnIH7leZJidCCycnXjeZJ{d3JiY3XscJMh[nliY3;sc456KG[xcn3heIlwdiCjc4PhfUwhTUN3MDC9JFE{NjR2IN88UU4>	MoXKQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTd2MUe2N\|EoRjF5NEG3OlMyRC:jPh?=
U87	M2K3[GN6fG:2b4jpZ4l1gSCjc4PhfS=>			NV7lcFdkS3m2b4TvfIlkcXS7IHHnZYlve3RiaIXtZY4hXTh5IHPlcIx{KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|II\pZYJqdGm2eTDpckBxemW\|ZX7j[UBw\iCkZYThJIdtfWO3cn;ubYRie2VuIFnDOVAhRSBzNT61JO69VS5?	M1\LVFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJyMUG2PVA1Lz5{MEGxOlkxPDxxYU6=
U87MG	NGD0[nlCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		MUG3NkBpenN?	MUPBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IHj1cYFvKFV6N13HJINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDd{IHjyd{BjgSCPVGOgZZN{[XluIFnDOVAhRSB{Mj61JO69VS5?	M2D3WlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{MkK2OlU4Lz5{MkKyOlY2PzxxYU6=
A549	MnzkRY51cWOjbnPldkBie3OjeR?=			NG[xZoxCdnSrY3HuZ4VzKGGldHn2bZR6KGGpYXnud5QhcHWvYX6gRVU1QSClZXzsd{BjgSCPVGOgZZN{[XluIFnDOVAhRSB2OTFOwG0v	NHX6RZY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOEKyNVg4Oid-MUiyNlE5PzJ:L3G+
DU145	M1PHU2dzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NGH3Z3g2KHWP	NVrhSGRQQTZiaILz	MkfFS5Jwf3SqIHnubIljcXSrb36gc4YhcHWvYX6gSHUyPDViY3XscJMh[XRiNTD1UUBi\nSncjC5OkBpenN?	M37PdFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF6MkS5NVI2Lz5zOEK0PVEzPTxxYU6=
DU145	NEjiNJJIem:5dHigbY5pcWKrdHnvckBie3OjeR?=	M1;XRlExKHWP	MYG5OkBpenN?	NEDtZZhIem:5dHigbY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBFXTF2NTDj[YxteyCjdDCxNEB2VSCjZoTldkA6PiCqcoO=	NFW1bpE9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOEK0PVEzPSd-MUiyOFkyOjV:L3G+
HEK293	MXLGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NHLn[JRKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIHLleIEh\2GuYXP0c5Nq\GG\|ZTDpckBJTUt{OUOgZ4VtdHN?	M17tPFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF5NEm0O\|Y3Lz5zN{S5OFc3PjxxYU6=
22Rv	MVLGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			M3zSVHJm\HWldHnvckBw\iCneIDy[ZN{cW:wIH;mJHBVS0hibWLORUBqdiCqdX3hckAzOlK4IHPlcIx{	MX68ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPzR7NEe2Okc,OTd2OUS3OlY9N2F-
PANC1	M{nxUWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	Mnn4NE4zKHWP	MWGyOEBpenN?	NWDm[G9IUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDIbE9IVElzLX3l[IlifGWmIGDUR2ghdVKQQTDlfJBz\XO\|aX;uJIlvKGi3bXHuJHBCVkNzIHPlcIx{KGG2IECuNkB2VSCjZoTldkAzPCCqcoOgZpkhWlRvUFPS	M1y2V\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJyNEWwNVcxLz5{MES1NFE4ODxxYU6=
PANC1	M3K3OGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NHu3[HkxNjRidV2=	NGXHSJUzPCCqcoO=	NFPlbXlKdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFjoM2dNUTFvbXXkbYF1\WRiUGTDTEBuWk6DIHX4dJJme3Orb36gbY4hcHWvYX6gVGFPSzFiY3XscJMh[XRiMD60JJVOKGGodHXyJFI1KGi{czDifUBTXC2SQ2K=	MV28ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zODR3MEG3NEc,OjB2NUCxO\|A9N2F-
Shh Light2	NWDNc49yTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	NGHqfpc3NjJ3IIXN	NUCzXFhYOzBiaILz	MVjJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKE5vcHHscYl1d3muYYTl[EBUcGhiaX6gcY92e2ViU3joJGxq\2i2MjDj[YxteyCjdDC2MlI2KHWPIHHmeIVzKDNyIHjyd{BjgSCoaYLl[ox6KGy3Y3nm[ZJie2VicnXwc5J1\XJiZ3Xu[UBie3OjeR?=	MnT0QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTlzNUG3N\|EoRjF7MUWxO\|MyRC:jPh?=
U87MG	M1foUmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	MoTINVAhfU1?	NI\QVZE1KGi{cx?=	NUG0UYxrUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDI[YRo\WixZzDzbYdv[WyrbnegdIF1cHejeTDpckBpfW2jbjDVPFdOTyClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCmb4fuJJJm\3WuYYTpc44hd2ZiR3zpNUBifCBzMDD1UUBi\nSncjC0JIhzeyCkeTDSWE1RS1JiYX7hcJl{cXN?	NELmcGY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MkKyOlY2Pyd-MkKyNlY3PTd:L3G+
HEK293	MWXGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	MUS1JJVO	MV2xNEBpenN?	MWjEbZNxdGGlZX3lcpQhd2ZiQl;ETXB[NWO7Y3zvdIFucW6nIH\yc40hcHWvYX6gV41wKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjDISWszQTNiY3XscJMh[XRiNTD1UUBu\WG\|dYLl[EBi\nSncjCxNEBpenNiYomgSGFRUSC\|dHHpcolv\yCkYYPl[EBndHWxcnXzZ4Vv[2VibXnjdo9{[2:yaXOgZZN{[Xl?	MVS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPzd\|NkC2N{c,Ojd5M{[wOlM9N2F-
HEK293	MYXGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	NXTBZWF6PSC3TR?=	NIr4ZmwyOCCqcoO=	MXTEbZNxdGGlZX3lcpQhd2ZiQl;ETXB[NWO7Y3zvdIFucW6nIH\yc40hcHWvYX6gV41wKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjDISWszQTNiY3XscJMh[XRiNTD1UUBu\WG\|dYLl[EBi\nSncjCxNEBpenNiYomgSmFEWyCjbnHsfZNqew>?	NHXzXIc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{N{ezOlA3Oyd-Mke3N\|YxPjN:L3G+
C3H10T1/2	NGjzZ21HfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=	NHP0Row2PS53IITvJFQ2ODBibl2=		NF\2fGhEd22yZYTpeIl3\SCrbnjpZol1cW:wIH;mJHNudyCrbjDtc5V{\SCFM1ixNHQyNzJiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBUSUdvaX7keYNm\CCJbHmxJJRz[W6\|Y4LpdJRqd26jbDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEA2PS53IITvJFQ2ODBibl2gZpkheVCFUjDhcoFtgXOrcx?=	NWDnXGNrRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkOwO\|Q2PDFpPkKzNFc1PTRzPD;hQi=>
U2OS	MnThSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	MofJOUB2VQ>?	MkC5OkBpenN?	MWDBcpRi\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KGOqaX3ldolkKFOvbzC2N\|MhdXW2YX70JIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiCXMl;TJINmdGy\|IHPv[ZhxemW\|c3nu[{Bj\XSjIHHydoV{fGmwMj3HSnAh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBqdnS{YXPlcIx2dGG{IHLleIEh[XK{ZYP0bY4zNUeIUDDh[4dz\WejdHWg[o9zdWG2aX;uJIF1KDVidV2gZYZ1\XJiNjDodpMh[nliY3;u[o9k[WxibXnjdo9{[2:yeR?=	M2nNTFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|ME[zOVIzLz5{M{C2N\|UzOjxxYU6=

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	Snail / E-cadherin / Slug / Vimentin ; PubMed: 26859575 Oncotarget SW1736 and WRO82 cells were incubated in the presence of vehicle (0.5% DMSO) or the indicated concentrations of cyclopamine or GANT61 for 72 hr. The cells were harvested and analyzed for the expression of several genes involved in EMT. Gli1 / TGF-β1 / CXCR4; PubMed: 26137001 Oncol Lett Western blotting demonstrated that Gli1, TGF-β1 and CXCR4 protein expression levels were downregulated in the AGS cells treated with cyclopamine for 24 h. NF-κB / Cyclin D1 / MMP2 / MMP9; PubMed: 23599805 Oncol Lett Whole cell lysates were prepared, and 50 μg proteins were resolved using SDS-PAGE, followed by immunoblotting with the indicated specific antibodies against NF-κB, cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP9.	26859575 26137001 23599805
Immunofluorescence	PCNA / β-catenin; PubMed: 28747625 Sci Rep Immunofluorescence images demonstrating the distribution of PCNA or β-catenin in EH cells pre-treated with cyclopamine in presence and absence of estrogen for 24 h. Experiments were repeated at least three times. Vimentin; PubMed: 24553082 Cancer Biol Ther Vimentin protein expression was reduced following treatment with cyclopamine (20 μmol/L; 72 h), detected by immunocytochemistry.	28747625 24553082

In vivo

Administration of Cyclopamine at dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 22 days eradicates the HUCCT1 xenografts in mice with no obvious adverse effects. ^[2] Cyclopamine treatment at dose of 1.2 mg for 7 days induces significant apoptosis of tumor cells and decreases the tumor mass by 50-60% in Panc 05.04- and L3.6sl-derived tumors, respectively, but not in the BxPC3-SMO^low tumors. [3] Administration of Cyclopamine alone profoundly inhibits tumor metastases in xenografts of E3LZ10.7 and L3.6pl, and completely abrogates metastases when in combination of gemcitabine. ^[4]

Protocol

Kinase Assay:^[1]	- Collapse Hedgehog cell assay: This assay measures the end stage of the Hh signaling pathway, that is, the transcriptional modulation of Gli, using Luciferase as readout (Gli-Luc assay). Cyclopamine is prepared for assay by serial dilution in DMSO and then added to empty assay plates. TM3Hh12 cells (TM3 cells containing Hh-responsive reporter gene construct pTA-8xGli-Luc) are resuspended in F12 Ham's/DMEM (1:1) containing 5% FBS and 15 mM Hepes pH 7.3, added to assay plates and incubated with Cyclopamine for approximately 30 minutes at 37 °C in 5% CO₂. 1 nM Hh-Ag 1.5 is then added to assay plates and incubated at 37 °C in the presence of 5% CO₂. After 48 hours, either Bright-Glo or MTS reagent is added to the assay plates and luminescence or absorbance at 492 nm is determined. IC50 value, defined as the inflection point of the logistic curve, is determined by non-linear regression of the Gli-driven luciferase luminescence or absorbance signal from MTS assay vs log10 (concentration) of Cyclopamine using the R statistical software pack
Cell Research:^[2]	- Collapse Cell lines: SEG1, OE33, KYAE, KYSE180, SNU1, AGS, SNU16, NCI-N-87, HUCCT1, PANC1, PL5, PL6, BXPC3, HS766T, KYSE150, GBD1, DLD1, and HCT116 Concentrations: Dissolved in DMSO, final concentration 3 μM Incubation Time: 4 days Method: Cells are exposed to Cyclopamine in 96-well plates. Cell viability is measured by MTS (soluble tetrazolium salt) assay. Viable cell mass is determined by optical density measurements at 490 nm (OD₄₉₀) at 2 and 4 days using the CellTiter96 colorimetric assay. Relative growth is calculated as OD (day 4)﹣OD (day 2)/OD (day 2). (Only for Reference)
Animal Research:^[2]	- Collapse Animal Models: Athymic (nude) mice inoculated subcutaneously with HUCCT1 cells Dosages: 50 mg/kg/day Administration: Subcutaneous injection (Only for Reference)

References

[4] Feldmann G, et al. Cancer Res, 2007, 67(5), 2187-2196.

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMF	10 mg/mL warmed (24.29 mM)
	Ethanol	2 mg/mL warmed (4.85 mM)
	DMSO	Insoluble

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Cyclopamine SDF

Molecular Weight	411.62
Formula	C₂₇H₄₁NO₂
CAS No.	4449-51-8
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	11-deoxojervine
Smiles	CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC=C6CC(CCC6(C5CC4=C3C)C)O)C)NC1

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage

mg/kg

Average weight of animals

Dosing volume per animal

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO+ % + % Tween 80+ % ddH₂O

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Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and SDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and SDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):

Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

Tel: +1-832-582-8158 Ext:3

If you have any other enquiries, please leave a message.

Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
How to reconstitute the compound for in vivo use in mice?
Answer:
One paper dissolved this drug in DMSO, and diluted in saline: Berman DM, et al. Nature, 2003, 425(6960), 846-851. Alternatively, you can try this vehicle: 10% DMSO+30% PEG 300+5% Tween 80+ddH2O for P.O. When preparing the solution, please dissolve the compound in DMSO clearly first. Then add PEG300 and Tween, after they mixed well, dilute with water.

Hedgehog/Smoothened Signaling Pathway Map

Hedgehog/Smoothened Inhibitors with Unique Features

Smoothened Inhibitor in Clinical Trial

LDE225 (NVP-LDE225,Erismodegib) : Phase III for Hh-pathway activated relapsed Medulloblastoma (MB).
Newest Smoothened Inhibitor

GANT61 : Inhibitor for GLI1 as well as GLI2-induced transcription, inhibits hedgehog with IC50 of 5 μM, displays selectivity over other pathways, such as TNF and glucocorticoid receptor gene transactivation.
Smoothened Activator

Purmorphamine : Directly binds and activates Smoothened, and blocks BODIPY-cyclopamine binding to Smo with IC50 of ~ 1.5 μM.

Related Hedgehog/Smoothened Products

Smoothened Agonist (SAG) HCl ^New

Smoothened Agonist (SAG) HCl is a cell-permeable Smoothened (Smo) agonist with EC50 of 3 nM in Shh-LIGHT2 cells.
SB225002 ^New

SB225002 is a potent, and selective CXCR2 antagonist with IC50 of 22 nM for inhibiting interleukin IL-8 binding to CXCR2, > 150-fold selectivity over the other 7-TMRs tested.
SB-334867 ^New

SB-334867 is a selective orexin-1 (OX1) receptor antagonist.
Vismodegib (GDC-0449)

Vismodegib (GDC-0449) is a potent, novel and specific hedgehog inhibitor with IC50 of 3 nM and also inhibits P-gp with IC50 of 3.0 μM in a cell-free assay.
GANT61

GANT61 (NSC 136476) is an inhibitor for GLI1 as well as GLI2-induced transcription, inhibits hedgehog with IC50 of 5 μM in GLI1 expressing HEK293T cell, displays selectivity over other pathways, such as TNF and glucocorticoid receptor gene transactivation. GANT61 induces apoptosis and activates protective autophagy in LX-2 cells.
Purmorphamine

Purmorphamine (Shh Signaling Antagonist VI), which directly binds and activates Smoothened, blocks BODIPY-cyclopamine binding to Smo with IC50 of ~ 1.5 μM in HEK293T cell and also is an inducer of osteoblast differentiation with EC50 of 1 μM. Purmorphamine can reduce both basal and induced autophagy.
Sonidegib (NVP-LDE225)

Sonidegib (Erismodegib, NVP-LDE225) is a Smoothened (Smo) antagonist, inhibiting Hedgehog (Hh) signaling with IC50 of 1.3 nM (mouse) and 2.5 nM (human) in cell-free assays, respectively. Phase 3.
Taladegib (LY2940680)

Taladegib (LY2940680) binds to the Smoothened (Smo) receptor and potently inhibits Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Phase 1/2.
Glasdegib (PF-04449913)

Glasdegib (PF-04449913) is a potent, and orally bioavailable Smoothened (Smo) inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM. Phase 2.

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Cyclopamine