Hedgehog/Smoothened

Relationship between Hh signaling and HCC in HBxTg. A, HCC nodules (circled) on the surface of the liver. B, the number of visible nodules observed on livers ( n = 6 HBxTg per group) after inject ions of vehicle (dark bars) or GDC- 0449 (light bars). Tumor numbers for individual mice are shown above each bar. The average tumor number is shown above each group. C, Western blot analysis for Gli2 in livers from transgenic mice treated with vehicle (-) or GDC- 0449 (+). D, staining for Gli2 and Shh on serial section s of tumors (T) and nontumor (NT) livers from HBxTg treated with vehicle (top) or GDC- 0449 (bottom). Magnification is ?00 for each panel and ?00 for each insert.

Resistance to itraconazole in MA cells. The parental SUM149-Luc cell line and MA1 cells were treated in parallel with 1 mM itraconazole for 9 days (which killed most of the cells in the parental cell line) and were allowed to recover and grow in a drug-free medium for 5 days before being stained. Since itraconazole was ineffective in killing MA1 cells, the cells grew into a continuous monolayer rather than colonies.

Apoptosis evaluation of UACC62R, SK-MEL-28 R and R3 cells treated with Gant61 (10 μM) for 48 h by flow cytometry detection of Annexin V staining.

(A)[3H]thymidine incorporation assay of B16F10 melanoma cells treated with DMSO or cyclopamine after incubation with SA-CM from WT and Cav1KO dermal fibroblasts. Representative phase-contrast images of B16F10 cells treated with SA-CM from WT and Cav1KO fibroblasts with cyclopamine are shown on the right. Similar experiments (B) were done with A-375 cells incubated with SA-CM from hTBJ1-shCtrl and hTBJ1-shCAV1 cells.

NVP-LDE225, everolimus, sunitinib, and their combination interfere with actin and with intracellular organisation of focal adhesion points. Cytoskeleton organisation of 786-O SuR treated with NVP-LDE225 ( 2.5 uM ), everolimus (1 uM ), sunitinib (1 uM ), and their combination for 24 h was analysed by confocal microscopy. Actin-based structures were revealed by rhodaminated phalloidin staining (red fluorescence). Localisation of focal adhesion points was obtained by immunofluorescent staining of p-paxillin (green fluorescence). Merged row images show overlapping of p-paxillin and actin signals. Moreover, all captures were shown in transmitted light. Scale bars, 10 um.

(D) Percentage cell death of OCI-AML3 cells was measured using the CellTiter-Glo® viability assay following 24 hours treatment with either sequential treatment of 1 μM Vorinostat with low (0.1 μM) or high dose (2.5 μM) SANT-1, or single agents. Data represents a biological replicate of 3, with data presented relative to the DMSO control (0% cell death). (E) Protein expression of SHH was measured following 24 hours treated with the four treatment strategies in OCI-AML3 cells. Equal loading was confirmed with β-Actin

Cell viability assays performed on H1650 and H1975 cells with various concentrations of BMS-833923 (B).

a-d) LoVo cells were separately or simultaneously treated with 1 μM purmorphamine and 1 μM thiostrepton for the indicated time. a The Gli1, FoxM1, and CCNB1 protein expression levels were examined by immunoblotting after drug treatment for 48 h. b Cell viability was detected after 6 days using an MTT assay. c LoVo cells treated with indicated drugs were cultured for 2 weeks, and outgrowth colonies were stained with crystal violet. d The matched colony count of (c). Error bars represent the mean and S.D. of three independent experiments. **, p < 0.01.

Activating Shh signaling by SAG injection in naïve mice significantly increased BDNF expression, and pretreatment with cyclopamine effectively prevented the upregulation of BDNF induced by SAG (E). Tissues were collected at 2 hours after SAG injection. Six mice were included in each group.

Relationship between Hh signaling and HCC in HBxTg. A, HCC nodules (circled) on the surface of the liver. B, the number of visible nodules observed on livers ( n = 6 HBxTg per group) after inject ions of vehicle (dark bars) or GDC- 0449 (light bars). Tumor numbers for individual mice are shown above each bar. The average tumor number is shown above each group. C, Western blot analysis for Gli2 in livers from transgenic mice treated with vehicle (-) or GDC- 0449 (+). D, staining for Gli2 and Shh on serial section s of tumors (T) and nontumor (NT) livers from HBxTg treated with vehicle (top) or GDC- 0449 (bottom). Magnification is ?00 for each panel and ?00 for each insert.

Resistance to itraconazole in MA cells. The parental SUM149-Luc cell line and MA1 cells were treated in parallel with 1 mM itraconazole for 9 days (which killed most of the cells in the parental cell line) and were allowed to recover and grow in a drug-free medium for 5 days before being stained. Since itraconazole was ineffective in killing MA1 cells, the cells grew into a continuous monolayer rather than colonies.

Apoptosis evaluation of UACC62R, SK-MEL-28 R and R3 cells treated with Gant61 (10 μM) for 48 h by flow cytometry detection of Annexin V staining.

(A)[3H]thymidine incorporation assay of B16F10 melanoma cells treated with DMSO or cyclopamine after incubation with SA-CM from WT and Cav1KO dermal fibroblasts. Representative phase-contrast images of B16F10 cells treated with SA-CM from WT and Cav1KO fibroblasts with cyclopamine are shown on the right. Similar experiments (B) were done with A-375 cells incubated with SA-CM from hTBJ1-shCtrl and hTBJ1-shCAV1 cells.

NVP-LDE225, everolimus, sunitinib, and their combination interfere with actin and with intracellular organisation of focal adhesion points. Cytoskeleton organisation of 786-O SuR treated with NVP-LDE225 ( 2.5 uM ), everolimus (1 uM ), sunitinib (1 uM ), and their combination for 24 h was analysed by confocal microscopy. Actin-based structures were revealed by rhodaminated phalloidin staining (red fluorescence). Localisation of focal adhesion points was obtained by immunofluorescent staining of p-paxillin (green fluorescence). Merged row images show overlapping of p-paxillin and actin signals. Moreover, all captures were shown in transmitted light. Scale bars, 10 um.

(D) Percentage cell death of OCI-AML3 cells was measured using the CellTiter-Glo® viability assay following 24 hours treatment with either sequential treatment of 1 μM Vorinostat with low (0.1 μM) or high dose (2.5 μM) SANT-1, or single agents. Data represents a biological replicate of 3, with data presented relative to the DMSO control (0% cell death). (E) Protein expression of SHH was measured following 24 hours treated with the four treatment strategies in OCI-AML3 cells. Equal loading was confirmed with β-Actin

Cell viability assays performed on H1650 and H1975 cells with various concentrations of BMS-833923 (B).

a-d) LoVo cells were separately or simultaneously treated with 1 μM purmorphamine and 1 μM thiostrepton for the indicated time. a The Gli1, FoxM1, and CCNB1 protein expression levels were examined by immunoblotting after drug treatment for 48 h. b Cell viability was detected after 6 days using an MTT assay. c LoVo cells treated with indicated drugs were cultured for 2 weeks, and outgrowth colonies were stained with crystal violet. d The matched colony count of (c). Error bars represent the mean and S.D. of three independent experiments. **, p < 0.01.

Activating Shh signaling by SAG injection in naïve mice significantly increased BDNF expression, and pretreatment with cyclopamine effectively prevented the upregulation of BDNF induced by SAG (E). Tissues were collected at 2 hours after SAG injection. Six mice were included in each group.