| S1200 |
Decitabine
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Decitabine is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, incorporating into DNA and resulting in hypomethylation of DNA and intra-S-phase arrest of DNA replication. It is used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Decitabine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cell lines.
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Cancer Cell, 2025, S1535-6108(25)00223-5
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Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):4451
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Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00102-8
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| S1782 |
5-Azacytidine (5-Aza, Azacitidine)
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Azacitidine (5-Azacytidine, 5-AzaC, Ladakamycin, AZA, 5-Aza, CC-486,NSC 102816) is a nucleoside analogue of cytidine that specifically inhibits DNA methylation by trapping DNA methyltransferases. Azacitidine induces mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy.
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Mol Cancer, 2025, 24(1):154
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Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00102-8
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Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(12):102461
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| S1149 |
Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
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Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antitumor drug that can inhibit DNA synthesis and repair, leading to cell autophagy and apoptosis. It is mainly used to treat various solid tumors such as pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and is often combined with chemotherapy to enhance efficacy.
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Cancer Cell, 2025, S1535-6108(25)00271-5
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Nat Cell Biol, 2025, 27(6):1021-1034
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Trends Biotechnol, 2025, S0167-7799(25)00406-8
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| S1209 |
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
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5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) is a DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitor, which interrupts nucleotide synthetic by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells. Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used in the treatment of HIV.
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Nature, 2025, 10.1038/s41586-025-08974-4
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Cancer Cell, 2025, S1535-6108(25)00223-5
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Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00265-6
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| S1714 |
Gemcitabine
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Gemcitabine, a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, is a very potent and specific deoxycytidine analogue, used as chemotherapy. Gemcitabine induces a potent p53-dependent apoptosis.
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Nature, 2025, 10.1038/s41586-025-08974-4
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Cell, 2025, S0092-8674(25)00556-2
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Cancer Cell, 2025, 43(8):1530-1548.e9
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| S1648 |
Cytarabine
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Cytarabine is an antimetabolic agent and DNA synthesis inhibitor with IC50 of 16 nM in wild-type CCRF-CEM cells. Cytarabine induces autophagy and apoptosis.
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Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):4133
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Acta Pharm Sin B, 2025, 15(10):5277-5293
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Cell Death Dis, 2025, 16(1):601
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| S1491 |
Fludarabine
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Fludarabine is a STAT1 activation inhibitor which causes a specific depletion of STAT1 protein (and mRNA) but not of other STATs. Also a DNA synthesis inhibitor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Fludarabine induces apoptosis.
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Cell Mol Immunol, 2025, 22(11):1478-1490
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J Immunother Cancer, 2025, 13(7)e010926
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Cell Rep, 2025, 44(4):115559
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| S2053 |
Cytidine
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Cytidine is a nucleoside molecule that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring, cytidine is a component of RNA.
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Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):4451
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Virology, 2025, 610:110598
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Cancer Res, 2022, canres.1707.2021
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| S2439 |
Guanosine
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Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
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Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):5845
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Cancer Res, 2022, canres.1707.2021
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Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1):6339
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| S3702 |
Dihydrothymine
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Dihydrothymine is an intermediate breakdown product of thymine.
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Cell Death Differ, 2019, 26(11):2223-2236
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