PARP

Role of PARP and BER in the synergy between PTX and GMX in A549 cells. A) Cells were pre-treated +/- 1 uM olaparib (2h) then sequentially +/- 150nM PTX (24h) then +/- GMX 12nM (48h). Cells were harvested for (left) NAD+ quantification by LC-MS/MS (mean +/-SD of quadruplicates) or (right) viability by CellTiter-Glo (mean +/-SD of duplicates) B) PAR modification of proteins and γ-H2AX levels were measured in extracts treated as in A) by western blotting.

 

Number of foci detected using laser confocal microscopy and fluorescent Fluor 647 anti-H2A.X-phosphorylated (Ser139) antibody. Double-stranded breaks (red) are clearly augmented in cells incubated with 500 nmol/l of ABT-888 and 500 nmol/l of AZD-2281 compared with PBS and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide controls. Image analysis was performed using ImageJ and the ‘analyze particle’ function.

For anchorage dependent clonogenic assays, HER2+ breast cancer BT474 cells were seeded at low density in 6-well plates and allowed to adhere overnight. The next day, olaparib and rucaparib were added at the indicated concentrations. Media and drugs were replenished every three days. After 10-15 days, depending on cell proliferation rate, cells were fixed and stained with crystal violet. Images and graphs indicate the results compared to control condition. Data are mean ± S.D. n.s.: non-significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Immunoblot analysis of PARylation after treatment with various PARP inhibitors.The asterisk indicates a nonspecific band.

Western blot assessment of effects on PAR, PARP, and dsDNA breaks mediated by IMMU-132 plus PARPi in TNBC tumor lines. Cells were plated overnight in 6-well plates before the addition of chemotherapeutics. After a 24-hour incubation, cells were harvested and cell lysates resolved and transferred for Western analysis as described in Materials and Methods. PAR and FL-PARP levels were determined on the same gel. Assessment of dsDNA breaks (p-H2A.X) was calculated as ratios relative to untreated control (Unt) normalized to b-actin protein loading control (Dp-H2A.X). B, HCC1806 cells exposed to rucaparib (Ruc) and IMMU-132 or to (C) talazoparib (Tala) and IMMU-132.

Immunoblot analysis of PARylation after treatment with various PARP inhibitors.The asterisk indicates a nonspecific band.

Effect of DPQ and INO-1001 on ADP-, collagen- or PAR1ap-induced platelet aggregation. Human PRP samples were preincubated with PARP inhibitor (50 μM) or its vehicle and then stimulated with ADP (1.5 to 5 μM; to produce a biphasic aggregation curve), collagen (1 to 2 μg/ml) or PAR1ap (1 to 2 μM). Results are expressed relatively to platelet agonist alone (=vehicle group; normalized to 100%) and presented as the mean±SD (n=5-6).

Immunoblot analysis of PARylation after treatment with various PARP inhibitors.The asterisk indicates a nonspecific band.

LN229 GBM cells were treated with PJ34 (20 µM), TRAIL (200 ng/ml) or the combination of both and analyzed for the expression of DR5, caspase-9 (CP9) and cleaved caspase-3 (cCP3). The vertical line on the immunoblot indicates that the first and second samples were noncontiguous, but run on the same gel simultaneously with the other samples.

(b) Hoechst-positive cell quantification of caspase and PARP inhibitors and their effect on ARPE-19 cells undergoing UOS in the presence and absence of NPD1 (lower panel). Bars represent data averages of three repeats (technical replicas) of three independent experiments (biological replicas). *P<0.05

Colony survival assay in wild-type A549 cells treated with vehicle, 3.0 μM ME0328 or 500 nM KU58948 and pyridostatin.

Berberine activates PARP1 in ovarian cancer cells. PAR synthesis is detected by immunofluorescence staining in A2780 and HO8910 treated with different concentration of berberine alone or in combination with niraparib (10 μM) for 48 h. Top: representative examples of immunofluorescence staining of PAR. Scale bar, 20 μm. Bottom: quantification of PAR level in A2780 and HO8910. Immunofluorescence intensities were quantified by ImageJ. *P<0.05, **P<0.01

Western blot analysis of SH3BP2 in WT BMMs after culture for 2 days in the presence of IWR-1 (2 μM), G007-LK (0.1 μM), or ICG001 (2 μM).

Role of PARP and BER in the synergy between PTX and GMX in A549 cells. A) Cells were pre-treated +/- 1 uM olaparib (2h) then sequentially +/- 150nM PTX (24h) then +/- GMX 12nM (48h). Cells were harvested for (left) NAD+ quantification by LC-MS/MS (mean +/-SD of quadruplicates) or (right) viability by CellTiter-Glo (mean +/-SD of duplicates) B) PAR modification of proteins and γ-H2AX levels were measured in extracts treated as in A) by western blotting.

 

Number of foci detected using laser confocal microscopy and fluorescent Fluor 647 anti-H2A.X-phosphorylated (Ser139) antibody. Double-stranded breaks (red) are clearly augmented in cells incubated with 500 nmol/l of ABT-888 and 500 nmol/l of AZD-2281 compared with PBS and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide controls. Image analysis was performed using ImageJ and the ‘analyze particle’ function.

For anchorage dependent clonogenic assays, HER2+ breast cancer BT474 cells were seeded at low density in 6-well plates and allowed to adhere overnight. The next day, olaparib and rucaparib were added at the indicated concentrations. Media and drugs were replenished every three days. After 10-15 days, depending on cell proliferation rate, cells were fixed and stained with crystal violet. Images and graphs indicate the results compared to control condition. Data are mean ± S.D. n.s.: non-significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Immunoblot analysis of PARylation after treatment with various PARP inhibitors.The asterisk indicates a nonspecific band.

Western blot assessment of effects on PAR, PARP, and dsDNA breaks mediated by IMMU-132 plus PARPi in TNBC tumor lines. Cells were plated overnight in 6-well plates before the addition of chemotherapeutics. After a 24-hour incubation, cells were harvested and cell lysates resolved and transferred for Western analysis as described in Materials and Methods. PAR and FL-PARP levels were determined on the same gel. Assessment of dsDNA breaks (p-H2A.X) was calculated as ratios relative to untreated control (Unt) normalized to b-actin protein loading control (Dp-H2A.X). B, HCC1806 cells exposed to rucaparib (Ruc) and IMMU-132 or to (C) talazoparib (Tala) and IMMU-132.

Immunoblot analysis of PARylation after treatment with various PARP inhibitors.The asterisk indicates a nonspecific band.

Effect of DPQ and INO-1001 on ADP-, collagen- or PAR1ap-induced platelet aggregation. Human PRP samples were preincubated with PARP inhibitor (50 μM) or its vehicle and then stimulated with ADP (1.5 to 5 μM; to produce a biphasic aggregation curve), collagen (1 to 2 μg/ml) or PAR1ap (1 to 2 μM). Results are expressed relatively to platelet agonist alone (=vehicle group; normalized to 100%) and presented as the mean±SD (n=5-6).

Immunoblot analysis of PARylation after treatment with various PARP inhibitors.The asterisk indicates a nonspecific band.

LN229 GBM cells were treated with PJ34 (20 µM), TRAIL (200 ng/ml) or the combination of both and analyzed for the expression of DR5, caspase-9 (CP9) and cleaved caspase-3 (cCP3). The vertical line on the immunoblot indicates that the first and second samples were noncontiguous, but run on the same gel simultaneously with the other samples.

(b) Hoechst-positive cell quantification of caspase and PARP inhibitors and their effect on ARPE-19 cells undergoing UOS in the presence and absence of NPD1 (lower panel). Bars represent data averages of three repeats (technical replicas) of three independent experiments (biological replicas). *P<0.05

Colony survival assay in wild-type A549 cells treated with vehicle, 3.0 μM ME0328 or 500 nM KU58948 and pyridostatin.

Berberine activates PARP1 in ovarian cancer cells. PAR synthesis is detected by immunofluorescence staining in A2780 and HO8910 treated with different concentration of berberine alone or in combination with niraparib (10 μM) for 48 h. Top: representative examples of immunofluorescence staining of PAR. Scale bar, 20 μm. Bottom: quantification of PAR level in A2780 and HO8910. Immunofluorescence intensities were quantified by ImageJ. *P<0.05, **P<0.01

Western blot analysis of SH3BP2 in WT BMMs after culture for 2 days in the presence of IWR-1 (2 μM), G007-LK (0.1 μM), or ICG001 (2 μM).