PKC
Signaling Pathway Map
Research Area
Inhibitory Selectivity
Isoform-specific Inhibitors
PKC Products
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S1055 |
Enzastaurin (LY317615)Enzastaurin (LY317615) is a potent PKCβ selective inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM in cell-free assays, 6- to 20-fold selectivity against PKCα, PKCγ and PKCε. Phase 3. |
The protein kinase C (PKC)–specific inhibitor enzastaurin
induces apoptosis of lupus B cells and prevents lupus development
in Sle mice. C, Levels of serum IgG anti–double-stranded DNA
(anti-dsDNA) and antihistone/anti-dsDNA autoantibodies from
vehicle-treated control mice and enzastaurin-treated mice, as analyzed
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bars in A–C show the mean
SD of 3 independent experiments. D, Representative immunofluorescent
images of IgG deposition (top) and glomeruli (bottom) in kidney
sections from Sle1.Sle3 mice treated with vehicle or enzastaurin. Original
magnification 20 (top); 40 (bottom). PAS periodic acid–Schiff.
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| S1113 |
GSK690693GSK690693 is a pan-Akt inhibitor targeting Akt1/2/3 with IC50 of 2 nM/13 nM/9 nM in cell-free assays, also sensitive to the AGC kinase family: PKA, PrkX and PKC isozymes. GSK690693 also potently inhibits AMPK and DAPK3 from the CAMK family with IC50 of 50 nM and 81 nM, respectively. GSK690693 affects Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) activity, robustly inhibits STING-dependent IRF3 activation. Phase 1. |
UPN cells were treated with GSK690693 or MK2206 (1 uM) for 1h followed by LPA (10 uM), EGF or IGF-1 (10 ng/ml) for another 1h and Western blot was performed. Band intensities of phospho-AKT (p-AKTS473), phospho-S6 (p-S6S240/S244), phospho-YB-1 (p-YB-1S102) and YB-1 were quantified and normalized to the intensity of ERK2. It directly determined the role of AKT using two potent, AKT inhibitors with distinct actions—a catalytic domain inhibitor, GSK690693, and an allosteric inhibitor, MK2206 -in UPN and SKOV3 cells, which showed appreciable AKT and YB-1 phosphorylation upon growth factor stimulation. GSK690693 increased basal and growth factor-induced AKT phosphorylation due to blocking a negative feedback loop downstream of AKT, whereas MK2206 abolished both basal and growth-factor-induced AKT phosphorylation.
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| S1573 |
Fasudil (HA-1077) HClFasudil (HA-1077, AT-877), a potent and selective inhibitor of Rho kinase, displays less potent inhibiton over PKA, PKG, PKC and MLCK with Ki of 1.6, 1.6, 3.3, and 36 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. Fasudil is also a calcium channel blocker. |
The ROCK inhibitors fasudil and Y27632 prevented SCP2 cell bone metastasis in nude mice (n = 10 per group). Shown are BLI images of bone metastases, IHC analyses of SMAD3 C-tail phosphorylation and PTHLH, osteoclast TRAP staining, and BLI quantitation. |
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| S2791 |
Sotrastaurin (AEB071)Sotrastaurin (AEB071) is a potent and selective pan-PKC inhibitor, mostly for PKCθ with Ki of 0.22 nM in a cell-free assay; inactive to PKCζ. Phase 2. |
Lysates from H3122 and MGH006 cells treated with 1 µM PMA in the presence or absence of 0.3 µM sotrastaurin (SOT) were fractionated. Immunoblotting was performed with the indicated antibodies.
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| S2485 |
Mitoxantrone (NSC-301739) 2HClMitoxantrone 2HCl (NSC-301739) is a dihydrochloride salt of Mitoxantrone. Mitoxantrone is an inhibitor of type II topoisomerase and protein kinase C (PKC) with IC50 of 8.5 μM for PKC. Mitoxantrone inhibits cell proliferative growth of MCF-7/wt cells with IC50 of 0.42 μM. Mitoxantrone also induces apoptosis. |
Immunohistochemistry and quantification of cleaved caspase 3 expression in DU145-DR tumor xenografts from (D). Scale bar, 100 mm. Data represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05.
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| E0010New |
Hypocrellin AHypocrellin A (HA) is a perylenequinone isolated from Shiraia bambusicola that shows antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer activity through mediating multiple signaling pathways. Hypocrellin A also is a selective and potent inhibitor of PKC. |
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| S6214New |
H-1152 dihydrochlorideH-1152 dihydrochloride (2HCl) is a membrane-permeable and selective inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). H-1152 inhibits ROCK2, PKA, PKC, PKG, AuroraA and CaMK2 with IC50 of 0.0120 μM, 3.03 μM, 5.68 μM, 0.360 μM, 0.745 μM and 0.180 μM, respectively. |
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| S2964New |
HA-100 dihydrochlorideHA-100 dihydrochloride is an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and MLC-kinase with IC50 of 4 μM, 8 μM, 12 μM and 240 μM, respectively. |
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| S1421 |
Staurosporine (AM-2282)Staurosporine (AM-2282, Antibiotic AM-2282, STS) is a potent PKC inhibitor for PKCα, PKCγ and PKCη with IC50 of 2 nM, 5 nM and 4 nM, less potent to PKCδ (20 nM), PKCε (73 nM) and little active to PKCζ (1086 nM) in cell-free assays. Also shows inhibitory activities on other kinases, such as PKA, PKG, S6K, CaMKII, etc. Phase 3. |
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| S2911 |
Go 6983Go 6983 (GOE 6983, Gö 6983) is a pan-PKC inhibitor against for PKCα, PKCβ, PKCγ and PKCδ with IC50 of 7 nM, 7 nM, 6 nM and 10 nM, respectively; less potent to PKCζ and inactive to PKCμ. |
(a) In vitro kinase reactions were performed by using GSTp531-64 (FP267) as substrate and GST-CK1δ (FP449) as enzyme, or using (b) GST-CK1δ375–428 (FP1183) as substrate and recombinant PKCα as enzyme in combination with one of three PKC-specific inhibitors (Go-6983, enzastaurin, and bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM I), respectively). Data are presented as normalized bar graph.
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| S7208 |
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X)Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X, GO 6850) is a potent PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 20 nM, 17 nM, 16 nM, and 20 nM for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, and PKCγ in cell-free assays, respectively, showing more than 3000-fold selectivity for PKC as compared to EGFR, PDGFR and insulin receptor. |
Effect of PKC inhibitor on DHPG-stimulated Cx43 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation response and GJIC inhibition. Cells were treated with the PKC inhibitor GF109203X (different concentrations indicated) for 30 min prior to DHPG (100 lM, 15 min) treatment. a Representative immunoblots with an anti-Cx43 antibody are shown. b Representative immunoblots with a phospho-specific antibody recognizing the dually phosphorylated form of ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and an antibody recognizing total ERK1/2 are shown. Quantitative analysis of the Cx43-P2/Cx43-P0?1 ratio and the phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2)/total-ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2) ratio are shown below the representative immunoblots, respectively. C Cells were incubated without (a) or with 100 lM DHPG (b) or with 100 μM DHPG in combination with 10 μM GF109203X (c) and scrape loaded (9100). d Cells were exposed to GF109203X (different concentrations indicated) alone (filled square) or 100 μM DHPG and GF109203X (filled diamond) prior to measurement of GJIC by scrape loading. Data are shown as mean ± SEM for three separate experiments performed in triplicate (*p<0.05 vs. NC, n = 3, +GF109203X for 0.1, 1, 5 or 10 μM) |
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| S7207 |
Bisindolylmaleimide IX (Ro 31-8220 Mesylate)Bisindolylmaleimide IX (Ro 31-8220 Mesylate) is a pan-PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM, 24 nM, 14 nM, 27 nM, and 24 nM for PKC-α, PKC-βI, PKC-βII, PKC-γ, and PKC-ε, respectively, and also shows potent inhibition against MAPKAP-K1b, MSK1, GSK3β and S6K1. |
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| S2554 |
DaphnetinDaphnetin, a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor, inhibits EGFR, PKA and PKC with IC50 of 7.67 μM, 9.33 μM and 25.01 μM, respectively, also known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. |
C57/BL6 mice (5 mice/group) were intraperitoneally injected with daphnetin (DFN, 5 mg/kg) or DMSO, and then challenged with LPS (37.5 mg/kg) or saline. 16 h after LPS challenge, mice were sacrificed, and then lung and serum were collected. c, Representative photomicrographs showed H&E staining of lung tissue.
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| S4066 |
Dequalinium ChlorideDequalinium Chloride is a PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 7-18 μM, and also a selective blocker of apamin-sensitive K+ channels with IC50 of 1.1 μM. |
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| S1292 |
Chelerythrine Chloride (NSC 646662)Chelerythrine Chloride (NSC 646662, Broussonpapyrine) is a potent, selective antagonist of PKC with IC50 of 0.66 μM. |
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| S3273 |
HypericinHypericin (Hyp, HY) is a naturally occurring substance found in the common St. John's Wort (Hypericum species) with antidepressive, antineoplastic and antiviral (human immunodeficiency and hepatitis C virus) activities. Hypericin has inhibitory effects on MAO (monoaminoxidase), PKC (protein kinase C), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450). |
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| S9522 |
ValrubicinValrubicin is a chemotherapy drug used to treat bladder cancer. Valrubicin is a chemotherapy agent, inhibits TPA- and PDBu-induced PKC activation with IC50s of 0.85 and 1.25 μM, respectively. |
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| S8388 |
ML-7 HClML-7 is an inhibitor of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) with a Ki value of 0.3 µM and displays reversible, ATP-competitive inhibition of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent and -independent smooth muscle MLCKs. ML-7 also inhibits PKA and PKC with Ki of 21 μM and 42 μM, respectively. |
Platelets (3 × 108/mL) were treated with ML-7 (5 µM) for 20 minutes, followed by stimulation with oxLDL (50 µg/mL) for 15 seconds. Samples were then lysed, separated by SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotted for phospho-MLCSer19 followed by reprobing for β-tubulin. (Ai) Representative blots. (Aii) Densitometric analysis of 5 independent experiments. *P < .05.
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| S0754 |
Bisindolylmaleimide IVBisindolylmaleimide IV (Arcyriarubin A, BIM IV, Compound 5/1a) is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) with IC50 of 0.55 μM. Bisindolylmaleimide IV also inhibits PKA with IC50 of 11.8μM. Bisindolylmaleimide IV is a potent, selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in cell culture with IC50 of 0.2 μM. |
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| S0069 |
VTX-27VTX-27 (Compound 27) is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C θ (PKC θ) with Ki of 0.08 nM and 16 nM for PKC θ and PKC δ, respectively. |
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| S0780 |
Oncrasin-1Oncrasin-1 (Onc-1) is a potent RNA polymerase II inhibitor with antitumor activity that kills various human lung cancer cells with K-Ras mutations. Oncrasin-1 drives abnormal aggregation of protein kinase C iota (PKCι) in nucleus of sensitive cells but not in resistant cells. |
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| S6577 |
PKC-theta inhibitorPKC-theta inhibitor (compound 20) inhibits PKC-θ with an IC50 of 18 nM. |
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| S2391 |
Quercetin (NSC 9221)Quercetin (NSC 9221, Sophoretin, C.I. 75720), a natural flavonoid present in vegetables, fruit and wine, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4-5.4 μM. Quercetin induces mitophagy, apoptosis and protective autophagy. Phase 4. |
After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Quercetin for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF. |
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| S7862 |
RottlerinRottlerin (Mallotoxin, NSC 56346, NSC 94525), a natural compound purified from Mallotus Philippinensis, is a specific Protein kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 3 μM, 6 μM and 5.3 μM for PKCδ(from baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells), PKCδ(from porcine spleen) and CaM kinase III, respectively. Rottlerin also inhibits PKCα, PKCγ, PKCβ, PKCη, CKII and PKA with IC50 of 30 μM, 40 μM, 42 μM, 82 μM, 30 μM and 78 μM, respectively. |
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| S3661 |
2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, isolated from the leaves of Impatiens glandulifera, specifically suppressed the expression of PKC βI, δ, and ζ in a concentration-dependent manner in Raji cells. |
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| S6424 |
TAS-301TAS-301 is an inhibitor of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. TAS-301 inhibits intimal thickening after balloon injury to rat carotid arteries, and inhibits PKC activation induced by PDGF. |
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| S2327 |
MyricitrinMyricitrin (Myricitrine), a flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Myrica cerifera, which exerts antinociceptive effects. |
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| S7663 |
Ruboxistaurin (LY333531) HClRuboxistaurin (LY333531) HCl is a β-specific protein kinase C inhibitor. It competitively and reversibly inhibits PKCβ1 and PKCβ2 with IC50 values of 4.7 and 5.9 nM respectively. |
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| S7119 |
Go6976Go6976 (PD406976) is a potent PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 7.9 nM, 2.3 nM, and 6.2 nM for PKC (Rat brain), PKCα, and PKCβ1, respectively. Also a potent inhibitor of JAK2 and Flt3. |
Erk5 activation depends on Mek5, classical PKC and Mek1/2. MOVAS cells were serum-starved overnight and then treated for 1 h if not indicated otherwise with inhibitors targeting Jnk (SP600125, 10 μM), p38 (SB203580, 10 μM), Mek1/2 (CI-1040, 3 μM), Jak2 (AG490, 10 μM), Src (SU6656, 0.5 μM), Go6983 (PKC, 1 μM), Gö6976 (classical PKC, 1 μM), proteasomes (MG132, 25 μM), TPA (100 ng/ml for 15 min to activate PKCs or overnight to inhibit) and Mek5 (BIX02189, 1 μM), as well as Ca2 + chelators (EDTA, 2 mM; BAPTA-AM, 10 μM; both with 30 min preincubation), followed by stimulation with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB for 10 min. Total cell lysates (TCL) were prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Erk5 and PDGFRβ activities were measured by band shift and Tyr857 phosphorylation, respectively, using immunoblotting. Panel E and G show representative immunoblots. |
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| S6723 |
Darovasertib (LXS-196)Darovasertib (LXS-196, IDE-196) is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). |
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| S8064 |
Midostaurin (PKC412)Midostaurin (pkc412, CGP 41251) is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, including PKCα/β/γ, Syk, Flk-1, Akt, PKA, c-Kit, c-Fgr, c-Src, FLT3, PDFRβ and VEGFR1/2 with IC50 ranging from 80-500 nM. |
(f and g) Induction of apoptosis in HMC-1.1 and -1.2, respectively. Columns represent the mean of three independent experiments and the bars represent the standard error. ctrl, control; mido, midostaurin.
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| S7791 |
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA,12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA), a potent activator of PKC, is active at nanomolar concentrations. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). |
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| S3289 |
DaphnoretinDaphnoretin (Dephnoretin, Thymelol), a biologically active compound isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey., is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Daphnoretin inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells and promote its apoptosis by regulating the activity of Akt signal pathway. |
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| S3819 |
Decursinol angelateDecursinol angelate is a cytotoxic and protein kinase C activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas. |
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| S9101 |
IngenolIngenol, a plant-derived diterpenoid, is a weak PKC activator and possesses important anticancer activity. |
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| E0124New |
ChelerythrineChelerythrine (Toddaline, Broussonpapyrine) is a potent, selective antagonist of PKC with an IC50 of 0.66 μM. Chelerythrine also inhibits the BclXL-Bak BH3 peptide binding with an IC50 of 1.5 μM. Chelerythrine shows antitumor, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. |
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| S2323 |
Methyl-HesperidinMethyl Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside (flavonoid) (C28H34O15) found abundantly in citrus fruits. Its aglycone form is called hesperetin. |
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S1055 |
Enzastaurin (LY317615)Enzastaurin (LY317615) is a potent PKCβ selective inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM in cell-free assays, 6- to 20-fold selectivity against PKCα, PKCγ and PKCε. Phase 3. |
The protein kinase C (PKC)–specific inhibitor enzastaurin
induces apoptosis of lupus B cells and prevents lupus development
in Sle mice. C, Levels of serum IgG anti–double-stranded DNA
(anti-dsDNA) and antihistone/anti-dsDNA autoantibodies from
vehicle-treated control mice and enzastaurin-treated mice, as analyzed
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bars in A–C show the mean
SD of 3 independent experiments. D, Representative immunofluorescent
images of IgG deposition (top) and glomeruli (bottom) in kidney
sections from Sle1.Sle3 mice treated with vehicle or enzastaurin. Original
magnification 20 (top); 40 (bottom). PAS periodic acid–Schiff.
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| S1113 |
GSK690693GSK690693 is a pan-Akt inhibitor targeting Akt1/2/3 with IC50 of 2 nM/13 nM/9 nM in cell-free assays, also sensitive to the AGC kinase family: PKA, PrkX and PKC isozymes. GSK690693 also potently inhibits AMPK and DAPK3 from the CAMK family with IC50 of 50 nM and 81 nM, respectively. GSK690693 affects Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) activity, robustly inhibits STING-dependent IRF3 activation. Phase 1. |
UPN cells were treated with GSK690693 or MK2206 (1 uM) for 1h followed by LPA (10 uM), EGF or IGF-1 (10 ng/ml) for another 1h and Western blot was performed. Band intensities of phospho-AKT (p-AKTS473), phospho-S6 (p-S6S240/S244), phospho-YB-1 (p-YB-1S102) and YB-1 were quantified and normalized to the intensity of ERK2. It directly determined the role of AKT using two potent, AKT inhibitors with distinct actions—a catalytic domain inhibitor, GSK690693, and an allosteric inhibitor, MK2206 -in UPN and SKOV3 cells, which showed appreciable AKT and YB-1 phosphorylation upon growth factor stimulation. GSK690693 increased basal and growth factor-induced AKT phosphorylation due to blocking a negative feedback loop downstream of AKT, whereas MK2206 abolished both basal and growth-factor-induced AKT phosphorylation.
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| S1573 |
Fasudil (HA-1077) HClFasudil (HA-1077, AT-877), a potent and selective inhibitor of Rho kinase, displays less potent inhibiton over PKA, PKG, PKC and MLCK with Ki of 1.6, 1.6, 3.3, and 36 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. Fasudil is also a calcium channel blocker. |
The ROCK inhibitors fasudil and Y27632 prevented SCP2 cell bone metastasis in nude mice (n = 10 per group). Shown are BLI images of bone metastases, IHC analyses of SMAD3 C-tail phosphorylation and PTHLH, osteoclast TRAP staining, and BLI quantitation. |
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| S2791 |
Sotrastaurin (AEB071)Sotrastaurin (AEB071) is a potent and selective pan-PKC inhibitor, mostly for PKCθ with Ki of 0.22 nM in a cell-free assay; inactive to PKCζ. Phase 2. |
Lysates from H3122 and MGH006 cells treated with 1 µM PMA in the presence or absence of 0.3 µM sotrastaurin (SOT) were fractionated. Immunoblotting was performed with the indicated antibodies.
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| S2485 |
Mitoxantrone (NSC-301739) 2HClMitoxantrone 2HCl (NSC-301739) is a dihydrochloride salt of Mitoxantrone. Mitoxantrone is an inhibitor of type II topoisomerase and protein kinase C (PKC) with IC50 of 8.5 μM for PKC. Mitoxantrone inhibits cell proliferative growth of MCF-7/wt cells with IC50 of 0.42 μM. Mitoxantrone also induces apoptosis. |
Immunohistochemistry and quantification of cleaved caspase 3 expression in DU145-DR tumor xenografts from (D). Scale bar, 100 mm. Data represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05.
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| E0010New |
Hypocrellin AHypocrellin A (HA) is a perylenequinone isolated from Shiraia bambusicola that shows antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer activity through mediating multiple signaling pathways. Hypocrellin A also is a selective and potent inhibitor of PKC. |
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| S6214New |
H-1152 dihydrochlorideH-1152 dihydrochloride (2HCl) is a membrane-permeable and selective inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). H-1152 inhibits ROCK2, PKA, PKC, PKG, AuroraA and CaMK2 with IC50 of 0.0120 μM, 3.03 μM, 5.68 μM, 0.360 μM, 0.745 μM and 0.180 μM, respectively. |
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| S2964New |
HA-100 dihydrochlorideHA-100 dihydrochloride is an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and MLC-kinase with IC50 of 4 μM, 8 μM, 12 μM and 240 μM, respectively. |
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| S1421 |
Staurosporine (AM-2282)Staurosporine (AM-2282, Antibiotic AM-2282, STS) is a potent PKC inhibitor for PKCα, PKCγ and PKCη with IC50 of 2 nM, 5 nM and 4 nM, less potent to PKCδ (20 nM), PKCε (73 nM) and little active to PKCζ (1086 nM) in cell-free assays. Also shows inhibitory activities on other kinases, such as PKA, PKG, S6K, CaMKII, etc. Phase 3. |
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| S2911 |
Go 6983Go 6983 (GOE 6983, Gö 6983) is a pan-PKC inhibitor against for PKCα, PKCβ, PKCγ and PKCδ with IC50 of 7 nM, 7 nM, 6 nM and 10 nM, respectively; less potent to PKCζ and inactive to PKCμ. |
(a) In vitro kinase reactions were performed by using GSTp531-64 (FP267) as substrate and GST-CK1δ (FP449) as enzyme, or using (b) GST-CK1δ375–428 (FP1183) as substrate and recombinant PKCα as enzyme in combination with one of three PKC-specific inhibitors (Go-6983, enzastaurin, and bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM I), respectively). Data are presented as normalized bar graph.
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| S7208 |
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X)Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X, GO 6850) is a potent PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 20 nM, 17 nM, 16 nM, and 20 nM for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, and PKCγ in cell-free assays, respectively, showing more than 3000-fold selectivity for PKC as compared to EGFR, PDGFR and insulin receptor. |
Effect of PKC inhibitor on DHPG-stimulated Cx43 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation response and GJIC inhibition. Cells were treated with the PKC inhibitor GF109203X (different concentrations indicated) for 30 min prior to DHPG (100 lM, 15 min) treatment. a Representative immunoblots with an anti-Cx43 antibody are shown. b Representative immunoblots with a phospho-specific antibody recognizing the dually phosphorylated form of ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and an antibody recognizing total ERK1/2 are shown. Quantitative analysis of the Cx43-P2/Cx43-P0?1 ratio and the phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2)/total-ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2) ratio are shown below the representative immunoblots, respectively. C Cells were incubated without (a) or with 100 lM DHPG (b) or with 100 μM DHPG in combination with 10 μM GF109203X (c) and scrape loaded (9100). d Cells were exposed to GF109203X (different concentrations indicated) alone (filled square) or 100 μM DHPG and GF109203X (filled diamond) prior to measurement of GJIC by scrape loading. Data are shown as mean ± SEM for three separate experiments performed in triplicate (*p<0.05 vs. NC, n = 3, +GF109203X for 0.1, 1, 5 or 10 μM) |
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| S7207 |
Bisindolylmaleimide IX (Ro 31-8220 Mesylate)Bisindolylmaleimide IX (Ro 31-8220 Mesylate) is a pan-PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM, 24 nM, 14 nM, 27 nM, and 24 nM for PKC-α, PKC-βI, PKC-βII, PKC-γ, and PKC-ε, respectively, and also shows potent inhibition against MAPKAP-K1b, MSK1, GSK3β and S6K1. |
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| S2554 |
DaphnetinDaphnetin, a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor, inhibits EGFR, PKA and PKC with IC50 of 7.67 μM, 9.33 μM and 25.01 μM, respectively, also known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. |
C57/BL6 mice (5 mice/group) were intraperitoneally injected with daphnetin (DFN, 5 mg/kg) or DMSO, and then challenged with LPS (37.5 mg/kg) or saline. 16 h after LPS challenge, mice were sacrificed, and then lung and serum were collected. c, Representative photomicrographs showed H&E staining of lung tissue.
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| S4066 |
Dequalinium ChlorideDequalinium Chloride is a PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 7-18 μM, and also a selective blocker of apamin-sensitive K+ channels with IC50 of 1.1 μM. |
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| S1292 |
Chelerythrine Chloride (NSC 646662)Chelerythrine Chloride (NSC 646662, Broussonpapyrine) is a potent, selective antagonist of PKC with IC50 of 0.66 μM. |
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| S3273 |
HypericinHypericin (Hyp, HY) is a naturally occurring substance found in the common St. John's Wort (Hypericum species) with antidepressive, antineoplastic and antiviral (human immunodeficiency and hepatitis C virus) activities. Hypericin has inhibitory effects on MAO (monoaminoxidase), PKC (protein kinase C), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450). |
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| S9522 |
ValrubicinValrubicin is a chemotherapy drug used to treat bladder cancer. Valrubicin is a chemotherapy agent, inhibits TPA- and PDBu-induced PKC activation with IC50s of 0.85 and 1.25 μM, respectively. |
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| S8388 |
ML-7 HClML-7 is an inhibitor of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) with a Ki value of 0.3 µM and displays reversible, ATP-competitive inhibition of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent and -independent smooth muscle MLCKs. ML-7 also inhibits PKA and PKC with Ki of 21 μM and 42 μM, respectively. |
Platelets (3 × 108/mL) were treated with ML-7 (5 µM) for 20 minutes, followed by stimulation with oxLDL (50 µg/mL) for 15 seconds. Samples were then lysed, separated by SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotted for phospho-MLCSer19 followed by reprobing for β-tubulin. (Ai) Representative blots. (Aii) Densitometric analysis of 5 independent experiments. *P < .05.
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| S0754 |
Bisindolylmaleimide IVBisindolylmaleimide IV (Arcyriarubin A, BIM IV, Compound 5/1a) is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) with IC50 of 0.55 μM. Bisindolylmaleimide IV also inhibits PKA with IC50 of 11.8μM. Bisindolylmaleimide IV is a potent, selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in cell culture with IC50 of 0.2 μM. |
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| S0069 |
VTX-27VTX-27 (Compound 27) is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C θ (PKC θ) with Ki of 0.08 nM and 16 nM for PKC θ and PKC δ, respectively. |
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| S0780 |
Oncrasin-1Oncrasin-1 (Onc-1) is a potent RNA polymerase II inhibitor with antitumor activity that kills various human lung cancer cells with K-Ras mutations. Oncrasin-1 drives abnormal aggregation of protein kinase C iota (PKCι) in nucleus of sensitive cells but not in resistant cells. |
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| S6577 |
PKC-theta inhibitorPKC-theta inhibitor (compound 20) inhibits PKC-θ with an IC50 of 18 nM. |
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| S2391 |
Quercetin (NSC 9221)Quercetin (NSC 9221, Sophoretin, C.I. 75720), a natural flavonoid present in vegetables, fruit and wine, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4-5.4 μM. Quercetin induces mitophagy, apoptosis and protective autophagy. Phase 4. |
After starved in serum-free medium for 24h,A549 cells incubated with the indicated concentrations of Quercetin for 3h,followed by 20-minute stimolation of 100ng/ml EGF. |
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| S7862 |
RottlerinRottlerin (Mallotoxin, NSC 56346, NSC 94525), a natural compound purified from Mallotus Philippinensis, is a specific Protein kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 3 μM, 6 μM and 5.3 μM for PKCδ(from baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells), PKCδ(from porcine spleen) and CaM kinase III, respectively. Rottlerin also inhibits PKCα, PKCγ, PKCβ, PKCη, CKII and PKA with IC50 of 30 μM, 40 μM, 42 μM, 82 μM, 30 μM and 78 μM, respectively. |
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| S3661 |
2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, isolated from the leaves of Impatiens glandulifera, specifically suppressed the expression of PKC βI, δ, and ζ in a concentration-dependent manner in Raji cells. |
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| S6424 |
TAS-301TAS-301 is an inhibitor of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. TAS-301 inhibits intimal thickening after balloon injury to rat carotid arteries, and inhibits PKC activation induced by PDGF. |
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| S2327 |
MyricitrinMyricitrin (Myricitrine), a flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Myrica cerifera, which exerts antinociceptive effects. |
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| S7663 |
Ruboxistaurin (LY333531) HClRuboxistaurin (LY333531) HCl is a β-specific protein kinase C inhibitor. It competitively and reversibly inhibits PKCβ1 and PKCβ2 with IC50 values of 4.7 and 5.9 nM respectively. |
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| S7119 |
Go6976Go6976 (PD406976) is a potent PKC inhibitor with IC50 of 7.9 nM, 2.3 nM, and 6.2 nM for PKC (Rat brain), PKCα, and PKCβ1, respectively. Also a potent inhibitor of JAK2 and Flt3. |
Erk5 activation depends on Mek5, classical PKC and Mek1/2. MOVAS cells were serum-starved overnight and then treated for 1 h if not indicated otherwise with inhibitors targeting Jnk (SP600125, 10 μM), p38 (SB203580, 10 μM), Mek1/2 (CI-1040, 3 μM), Jak2 (AG490, 10 μM), Src (SU6656, 0.5 μM), Go6983 (PKC, 1 μM), Gö6976 (classical PKC, 1 μM), proteasomes (MG132, 25 μM), TPA (100 ng/ml for 15 min to activate PKCs or overnight to inhibit) and Mek5 (BIX02189, 1 μM), as well as Ca2 + chelators (EDTA, 2 mM; BAPTA-AM, 10 μM; both with 30 min preincubation), followed by stimulation with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB for 10 min. Total cell lysates (TCL) were prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Erk5 and PDGFRβ activities were measured by band shift and Tyr857 phosphorylation, respectively, using immunoblotting. Panel E and G show representative immunoblots. |
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| S6723 |
Darovasertib (LXS-196)Darovasertib (LXS-196, IDE-196) is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). |
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| S8064 |
Midostaurin (PKC412)Midostaurin (pkc412, CGP 41251) is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, including PKCα/β/γ, Syk, Flk-1, Akt, PKA, c-Kit, c-Fgr, c-Src, FLT3, PDFRβ and VEGFR1/2 with IC50 ranging from 80-500 nM. |
(f and g) Induction of apoptosis in HMC-1.1 and -1.2, respectively. Columns represent the mean of three independent experiments and the bars represent the standard error. ctrl, control; mido, midostaurin.
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| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S7791 |
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA,12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA), a potent activator of PKC, is active at nanomolar concentrations. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). |
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| S3289 |
DaphnoretinDaphnoretin (Dephnoretin, Thymelol), a biologically active compound isolated from Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey., is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Daphnoretin inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells and promote its apoptosis by regulating the activity of Akt signal pathway. |
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| S3819 |
Decursinol angelateDecursinol angelate is a cytotoxic and protein kinase C activating agent from the root of Angelica gigas. |
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| S9101 |
IngenolIngenol, a plant-derived diterpenoid, is a weak PKC activator and possesses important anticancer activity. |
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| E0124New |
ChelerythrineChelerythrine (Toddaline, Broussonpapyrine) is a potent, selective antagonist of PKC with an IC50 of 0.66 μM. Chelerythrine also inhibits the BclXL-Bak BH3 peptide binding with an IC50 of 1.5 μM. Chelerythrine shows antitumor, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. |
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S2323 |
Methyl-HesperidinMethyl Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside (flavonoid) (C28H34O15) found abundantly in citrus fruits. Its aglycone form is called hesperetin. |
