Rho
Signaling Pathway Map
Research Area
Inhibitory Selectivity
Rho Products
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S1573 |
Fasudil (HA-1077) HClFasudil(HA-1077), a potent and selective inhibitor of Rho kinase, displays less potent inhibiton over PKA, PKG, PKC and MLCK with Ki of 1.6, 1.6, 3.3, and 36 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. Fasudil is also a calcium channel blocker. |
The ROCK inhibitors fasudil and Y27632 prevented SCP2 cell bone metastasis in nude mice (n = 10 per group). Shown are BLI images of bone metastases, IHC analyses of SMAD3 C-tail phosphorylation and PTHLH, osteoclast TRAP staining, and BLI quantitation. |
|
| S1314 |
Zoledronic AcidZoledronic acid (ZA, Zoledronate, CGP-4244), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, induces apoptosis in osteoclasts by inhibiting enzymes of the mevalonate pathway and preventing the isoprenylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as Ras and Rho. Zoledronic acid (ZA) also induces autophagy. |
Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).
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| S8031 |
NSC 23766NSC 23766 is an inhibitor of Rac GTPase targeting Rac activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) with IC50 of ~50 μM in a cell-free assay; does not inhibit the closely related targets, Cdc42 or RhoA. |
MES cells were treated with Rac inhibitor (50 μM EHT1864 or NSC23766) and assayed for self-renewal by serial passage mammosphere formation. P1, passage 1; P2, passage 2. Data are means ± SEM of three biological replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 by two-tailed t test.
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| S7319 |
EHop-016EHop-016 is a specific Rac GTPase inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 μM for Rac1 in MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cells, equally potent inhibition for Rac3. |
(f) Liver samples from both groups treated with olive oil, CCl4, CCl4+NSC23766 or +EHop-016 for 4 weeks were collected for Rac1 activity assay and western blot analysis. |
|
| S1721 |
AzathioprineAzathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug, inhibiting purine synthesis and GTP-binding protein Rac1 activation, used in the treatment of organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. |
||
| S3239New |
Emetine DihydrochlorideEmetine Dihydrochloride, a principal alkaloid extracted from the root of ipecac clinically used as an emetic and antiprotozoal drug, reduces HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factors; HIF-1α and HIF-2α), PDK1, RhoA, Rho-kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) and BRD4. Emetine Dihydrochloride inhibits cellular autophagy and has anti-malarial, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-amoebic effect. |
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| S0890New |
MLS000532223MLS000532223 is a high affinity, selective inhibitor of Rho family GTPases with EC50 ranging from 16 μM to 120 μM. |
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| S0765New |
MAZ51MAZ51 is a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 (Flt-4) tyrosine kinase. MAZ51 induces cell rounding and G2/M cell cycle arrest in glioma cells through phosphorylation of Akt/GSK3β and activation of RhoA. MAZ51 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of a variety of non-VEGFR-3-expressing tumor cell lines. |
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| S6673New |
CCG-222740CCG-222740 is a Rho/MRTF pathway inhibitor. CCG-222740 decreases the activation of stellate cells in vitro and in vivo, by reducing the levels of alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression. |
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| S7293 |
ZCL278ZCL278 is a selective Cdc42 GTPase inhibitor with Kd of 11.4 μM. |
Rho GTPases were involved in NaAsO2 induced apoptosis in rat CGNs. A. Representative fluorescence images of cells exposed to 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24 h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42), or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. Both ZCL278 and NSC23766 reduced the apoptotic cells. B. The graph indicates TUNEL-positive rat CGNs exposed to NaAsO2 (10 μM) with ZCL278 or NSC23766 groups decreased significantly compared with those of NaAsO2 treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from at least 5 visual fields. C. Rat CGNs in 96-well plates were treated by 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42) pretreatment for 1 h, or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 pretreatment for 12 h, and assessed by a CCK-8. ZCL278 and NSC23766 increased rat CGNs viability exposed to NaAsO2. All statistical results are expressed as means±SD from at least three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 vs control, # P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 VS NaAsO2 treatment group. |
|
| S8749 |
MBQ-167MBQ-167 is a potent and dual inhibitor of Rac and Cdc42 with IC50s of 103 nM and 78 nM respectively, in metastatic breast cancer cells. |
||
| S7719 |
CCG-1423CCG-1423 is a specific RhoA pathway inhibitor, which inhibits SRF-mediated transcription. |
Cells were treated with CCG-1423 for 48 h. CCG-1423 blocked the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A.
|
|
| S8469 |
CCG-203971CCG-203971 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway with the IC50 value of 0.64 μM for SRE.L. It inhibits Rho-mediated gene transcription. |
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| S7482 |
EHT 1864 2HClEHT 1864 2HCl is a potent Rac family GTPase inhibitor with Kd of 40 nM, 50 nM, 60 nM and 250 nM for Rac1, Rac1b, Rac2 and Rac3, respectively. |
E) Representative images of 3-dimensional visualization of vessel networks, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Dotted straight line indicates the femur—implant junction (F, femur; I, implant). Black box, implant region; blue arrows, osteocytes; yellow arrows, osteoblast cells; black triangle, newly formed bone or implant debris, black arrows, chondrocyte-like cells; red triangle, blood sinus. Scale bars, 200 μm.
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| S7686 |
ML141ML141 (CID-2950007) is demonstrated to be a potent, selective and reversible non-competitive inhibitor of Cdc42 GTPase suitable for in vitro assays, with IC50 of 200 nM and selectivity against other members of the Rho family of GTPases (Rac1, Rab2, Rab7). ML141 is associated with an increase in p38 activation and may induce p38-dependent apoptosis/senescence. ML141 also protects neuroblastoma cells from metformin-induced apoptosis. |
(A) The survival rate detected at 72 h after the injection of different concentrations of ML141; shrimp injected with DMSO were used as controls. (B) The expression of WSSV IE1 at the mRNA level at 24 h post ML141 injection. Shrimp injected with the same amount of DMSO in each group were used as controls.
|
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| S5244 |
Zoledronic acid monohydrateZoledronic acid (Zoledronate, CGP-4244) monohydrate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is a potent osteoclast inhibitor which induces apoptosis in osteoclasts by inhibiting enzymes of the mevalonate pathway and preventing the isoprenylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as Ras and Rho. |
||
| S6752 |
Y16Y16 is an inhibitor of G-protein-coupled Rho GEFs. It blocks the binding of LARG, a DBL-family Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, with Rho (Kd = 80 nM). |
| Catalog No. | Information | Product Use Citations | Product Validations |
|---|---|---|---|
| S1573 |
Fasudil (HA-1077) HClFasudil(HA-1077), a potent and selective inhibitor of Rho kinase, displays less potent inhibiton over PKA, PKG, PKC and MLCK with Ki of 1.6, 1.6, 3.3, and 36 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. Fasudil is also a calcium channel blocker. |
The ROCK inhibitors fasudil and Y27632 prevented SCP2 cell bone metastasis in nude mice (n = 10 per group). Shown are BLI images of bone metastases, IHC analyses of SMAD3 C-tail phosphorylation and PTHLH, osteoclast TRAP staining, and BLI quantitation. |
|
| S1314 |
Zoledronic AcidZoledronic acid (ZA, Zoledronate, CGP-4244), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, induces apoptosis in osteoclasts by inhibiting enzymes of the mevalonate pathway and preventing the isoprenylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as Ras and Rho. Zoledronic acid (ZA) also induces autophagy. |
Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).
|
|
| S8031 |
NSC 23766NSC 23766 is an inhibitor of Rac GTPase targeting Rac activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) with IC50 of ~50 μM in a cell-free assay; does not inhibit the closely related targets, Cdc42 or RhoA. |
MES cells were treated with Rac inhibitor (50 μM EHT1864 or NSC23766) and assayed for self-renewal by serial passage mammosphere formation. P1, passage 1; P2, passage 2. Data are means ± SEM of three biological replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 by two-tailed t test.
|
|
| S7319 |
EHop-016EHop-016 is a specific Rac GTPase inhibitor with IC50 of 1.1 μM for Rac1 in MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cells, equally potent inhibition for Rac3. |
(f) Liver samples from both groups treated with olive oil, CCl4, CCl4+NSC23766 or +EHop-016 for 4 weeks were collected for Rac1 activity assay and western blot analysis. |
|
| S1721 |
AzathioprineAzathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug, inhibiting purine synthesis and GTP-binding protein Rac1 activation, used in the treatment of organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. |
||
| S3239New |
Emetine DihydrochlorideEmetine Dihydrochloride, a principal alkaloid extracted from the root of ipecac clinically used as an emetic and antiprotozoal drug, reduces HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factors; HIF-1α and HIF-2α), PDK1, RhoA, Rho-kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) and BRD4. Emetine Dihydrochloride inhibits cellular autophagy and has anti-malarial, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-amoebic effect. |
||
| S0890New |
MLS000532223MLS000532223 is a high affinity, selective inhibitor of Rho family GTPases with EC50 ranging from 16 μM to 120 μM. |
||
| S0765New |
MAZ51MAZ51 is a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 (Flt-4) tyrosine kinase. MAZ51 induces cell rounding and G2/M cell cycle arrest in glioma cells through phosphorylation of Akt/GSK3β and activation of RhoA. MAZ51 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of a variety of non-VEGFR-3-expressing tumor cell lines. |
||
| S6673New |
CCG-222740CCG-222740 is a Rho/MRTF pathway inhibitor. CCG-222740 decreases the activation of stellate cells in vitro and in vivo, by reducing the levels of alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression. |
||
| S7293 |
ZCL278ZCL278 is a selective Cdc42 GTPase inhibitor with Kd of 11.4 μM. |
Rho GTPases were involved in NaAsO2 induced apoptosis in rat CGNs. A. Representative fluorescence images of cells exposed to 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24 h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42), or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. Both ZCL278 and NSC23766 reduced the apoptotic cells. B. The graph indicates TUNEL-positive rat CGNs exposed to NaAsO2 (10 μM) with ZCL278 or NSC23766 groups decreased significantly compared with those of NaAsO2 treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from at least 5 visual fields. C. Rat CGNs in 96-well plates were treated by 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42) pretreatment for 1 h, or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 pretreatment for 12 h, and assessed by a CCK-8. ZCL278 and NSC23766 increased rat CGNs viability exposed to NaAsO2. All statistical results are expressed as means±SD from at least three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 vs control, # P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 VS NaAsO2 treatment group. |
|
| S8749 |
MBQ-167MBQ-167 is a potent and dual inhibitor of Rac and Cdc42 with IC50s of 103 nM and 78 nM respectively, in metastatic breast cancer cells. |
||
| S7719 |
CCG-1423CCG-1423 is a specific RhoA pathway inhibitor, which inhibits SRF-mediated transcription. |
Cells were treated with CCG-1423 for 48 h. CCG-1423 blocked the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A.
|
|
| S8469 |
CCG-203971CCG-203971 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway with the IC50 value of 0.64 μM for SRE.L. It inhibits Rho-mediated gene transcription. |
||
| S7482 |
EHT 1864 2HClEHT 1864 2HCl is a potent Rac family GTPase inhibitor with Kd of 40 nM, 50 nM, 60 nM and 250 nM for Rac1, Rac1b, Rac2 and Rac3, respectively. |
E) Representative images of 3-dimensional visualization of vessel networks, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Dotted straight line indicates the femur—implant junction (F, femur; I, implant). Black box, implant region; blue arrows, osteocytes; yellow arrows, osteoblast cells; black triangle, newly formed bone or implant debris, black arrows, chondrocyte-like cells; red triangle, blood sinus. Scale bars, 200 μm.
|
|
| S7686 |
ML141ML141 (CID-2950007) is demonstrated to be a potent, selective and reversible non-competitive inhibitor of Cdc42 GTPase suitable for in vitro assays, with IC50 of 200 nM and selectivity against other members of the Rho family of GTPases (Rac1, Rab2, Rab7). ML141 is associated with an increase in p38 activation and may induce p38-dependent apoptosis/senescence. ML141 also protects neuroblastoma cells from metformin-induced apoptosis. |
(A) The survival rate detected at 72 h after the injection of different concentrations of ML141; shrimp injected with DMSO were used as controls. (B) The expression of WSSV IE1 at the mRNA level at 24 h post ML141 injection. Shrimp injected with the same amount of DMSO in each group were used as controls.
|
|
| S5244 |
Zoledronic acid monohydrateZoledronic acid (Zoledronate, CGP-4244) monohydrate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is a potent osteoclast inhibitor which induces apoptosis in osteoclasts by inhibiting enzymes of the mevalonate pathway and preventing the isoprenylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as Ras and Rho. |
||
| S6752 |
Y16Y16 is an inhibitor of G-protein-coupled Rho GEFs. It blocks the binding of LARG, a DBL-family Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, with Rho (Kd = 80 nM). |
