Rho

Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).

MES cells were treated with Rac inhibitor (50 μM EHT1864 or NSC23766) and assayed for self-renewal by serial passage mammosphere formation. P1, passage 1; P2, passage 2. Data are means ± SEM of three biological replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 by two-tailed t test.

(f) Liver samples from both groups treated with olive oil, CCl4, CCl4+NSC23766 or +EHop-016 for 4 weeks were collected for Rac1 activity assay and western blot analysis.

Rho GTPases were involved in NaAsO2 induced apoptosis in rat CGNs. A. Representative fluorescence images of cells exposed to 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24 h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42), or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. Both ZCL278 and NSC23766 reduced the apoptotic cells. B. The graph indicates TUNEL-positive rat CGNs exposed to NaAsO2 (10 μM) with ZCL278 or NSC23766 groups decreased significantly compared with those of NaAsO2 treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from at least 5 visual fields. C. Rat CGNs in 96-well plates were treated by 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42) pretreatment for 1 h, or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 pretreatment for 12 h, and assessed by a CCK-8. ZCL278 and NSC23766 increased rat CGNs viability exposed to NaAsO2. All statistical results are expressed as means±SD from at least three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 vs control, # P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 VS NaAsO2 treatment group.

Cells were treated with CCG-1423 for 48 h. CCG-1423 blocked the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A.

(A) Proliferation of Calu-1 cells after SAHA and K-ras inhibitor (K-ras C12) treatment. Calu-1 cells, containing an activating G12C K-ras mutation, were treated with SAHA (2.5 mM) and K-ras C12 (10 mM) for 24 h and analyzed as in Figure ​Figure1A.1A. (B) Immunoblotting of Calu-1 cells treated with inhibitors. Cells were treated with inhibitors as indicated for 24 hrs. Cell lysates were collected and immunoblotted with antibodies indicated.

E) Representative images of 3-dimensional visualization of vessel networks, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Dotted straight line indicates the femur—implant junction (F, femur; I, implant). Black box, implant region; blue arrows, osteocytes; yellow arrows, osteoblast cells; black triangle, newly formed bone or implant debris, black arrows, chondrocyte-like cells; red triangle, blood sinus. Scale bars, 200 μm.

(A) The survival rate detected at 72 h after the injection of different concentrations of ML141; shrimp injected with DMSO were used as controls. (B) The expression of WSSV IE1 at the mRNA level at 24 h post ML141 injection. Shrimp injected with the same amount of DMSO in each group were used as controls.

Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).

MES cells were treated with Rac inhibitor (50 μM EHT1864 or NSC23766) and assayed for self-renewal by serial passage mammosphere formation. P1, passage 1; P2, passage 2. Data are means ± SEM of three biological replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 by two-tailed t test.

(f) Liver samples from both groups treated with olive oil, CCl4, CCl4+NSC23766 or +EHop-016 for 4 weeks were collected for Rac1 activity assay and western blot analysis.

Rho GTPases were involved in NaAsO2 induced apoptosis in rat CGNs. A. Representative fluorescence images of cells exposed to 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24 h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42), or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. Both ZCL278 and NSC23766 reduced the apoptotic cells. B. The graph indicates TUNEL-positive rat CGNs exposed to NaAsO2 (10 μM) with ZCL278 or NSC23766 groups decreased significantly compared with those of NaAsO2 treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from at least 5 visual fields. C. Rat CGNs in 96-well plates were treated by 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42) pretreatment for 1 h, or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 pretreatment for 12 h, and assessed by a CCK-8. ZCL278 and NSC23766 increased rat CGNs viability exposed to NaAsO2. All statistical results are expressed as means±SD from at least three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 vs control, # P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 VS NaAsO2 treatment group.

Cells were treated with CCG-1423 for 48 h. CCG-1423 blocked the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A.

(A) Proliferation of Calu-1 cells after SAHA and K-ras inhibitor (K-ras C12) treatment. Calu-1 cells, containing an activating G12C K-ras mutation, were treated with SAHA (2.5 mM) and K-ras C12 (10 mM) for 24 h and analyzed as in Figure ​Figure1A.1A. (B) Immunoblotting of Calu-1 cells treated with inhibitors. Cells were treated with inhibitors as indicated for 24 hrs. Cell lysates were collected and immunoblotted with antibodies indicated.

E) Representative images of 3-dimensional visualization of vessel networks, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Dotted straight line indicates the femur—implant junction (F, femur; I, implant). Black box, implant region; blue arrows, osteocytes; yellow arrows, osteoblast cells; black triangle, newly formed bone or implant debris, black arrows, chondrocyte-like cells; red triangle, blood sinus. Scale bars, 200 μm.

(A) The survival rate detected at 72 h after the injection of different concentrations of ML141; shrimp injected with DMSO were used as controls. (B) The expression of WSSV IE1 at the mRNA level at 24 h post ML141 injection. Shrimp injected with the same amount of DMSO in each group were used as controls.