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Metformin HCl
Catalog No.S1950 Synonyms: 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl
For research use only.
Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl) decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes primarily by suppressing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.
CAS No. 1115-70-4
Selleck's Metformin HCl has been cited by 61 publications
Purity & Quality Control
Choose Selective Carbohydrate Metabolism Inhibitors
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Biological Activity
| Description | Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl) decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes primarily by suppressing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| In vitro |
Metformin (500 μM) activates AMPK in hepatocytes, as a result, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity is reduced, fatty acid oxidation is induced, and expression of lipogenic enzymes is suppressed. Metformin (2 mM) activates muscle AMPK and promotes glucose uptake. Metformin (500 μM) or AICAR strongly suppresses SREBP-1 mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes. Metformin ameliorates hyperglycemia without stimulating insulin secretion, promoting weight gain, or causing hypoglycemia. Metformin has beneficial effects on circulating lipids linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and increases skeletal myocyte glucose uptake. [1] Metformin requires LKB1 in the liver to lower blood glucose levels. [2] Metformin (2 mM) leads to a significant increase in the activity of both α1- and α2-containing complexes in muscle cells. Metformin (2 mM) also increases threonine 172 phosphorylation in muscle cells. [3] |
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| In vivo | Metformin (100 mg/ml, po) treatment produces significant decreases in hepatic expression of mRNAs for SREBP-1, FAS, and S14 in SD rats that are consistent with effects documented in cells. Metformin also decreases hepatic lipids in obese mice. [1] Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) increases AMPK phosphorylation in livers of wild-type mice. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment reduces blood glucose by more than 50% in the wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment also loweres blood glucose in the ob/ob mice by 40%. [2] |
Protocol (from reference)
| References |
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Solubility (25°C)
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In vitro |
Water |
33 mg/mL
warmed (199.25 mM) |
| DMSO |
Insoluble
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| Ethanol |
Insoluble
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* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
Chemical Information
| Molecular Weight | 165.62 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Formula | C4H11N5.HCl |
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| CAS No. | 1115-70-4 | ||
| Storage | 3 years | -20°C | powder |
| 2 years | -80°C | in solvent | |
| Smiles | CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N.Cl | ||
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
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Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
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Clinical Trial Information
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04169243 | Not yet recruiting | Behavioral: New Nordic Diet|Other: Control | Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | Göteborg University|Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research | September 2022 | Not Applicable |
| NCT04931017 | Not yet recruiting | Drug: Extended Release Metformin Hydrochloride | Lung Carcinoma | National Cancer Institute (NCI) | April 20 2022 | Phase 2 |
| NCT05131828 | Not yet recruiting | Drug: Metformin and clemastine in combination|Drug: Placebo | Multiple Sclerosis | Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust|University of Cambridge | February 2022 | Phase 2 |
| NCT05181449 | Not yet recruiting | Behavioral: Twin Precision Treatment | Type 2 Diabetes | The Cleveland Clinic|Twin Health | January 3 2022 | Not Applicable |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2022-01-17)
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