Androgen Receptor

Steroid-deprived ZR-75-1 cells were treated with ethanol (vehicle) or 1 nmol/L of 17β-estradiol (E2) for 2 hours, followed by treatment with RAD140 at 100 nmol/L in the presence or absence of ARN-509 (10 μmol/L) for overnight. Whole-cell lysates and nuclear fractions were prepared and subjected to Western blot analyses for AR. HDAC2 and β-tubulin were probed as loading controls for nuclear and whole-cell extracts, respectively.

HEC-1A cells were treated with pterostilbene (75 μM), megestrol acetate (75 μM) or the combination for 24 h. Whole cell lysates were collected and measured for the change of cell cycle and apoptosis pathways by Western blot. Results are representative of 3 or more preparations.

Survival of mice receiving daily vehicle or MDV3100 treatment and treated with the LHRH-Ant or vehicle (n=10 mice per group). Data combined from two independent experiments.

C. Impact of CYP17A1 inhibitors on genes involved in androgen biosynthesis. H295R cells were treated with control (DMSO) or 1 μM orteronel and galeterone for 72 h and then RNA was isolated and transcribed to cDNA. Results of qRT-PCR validation of HSD3B2, CYP17A1 and AKR1C3 genes relative to the housekeeping gene cyclophilin A. Expression of the genes was analyzed by SYBR Green real-time PCR. Analysis of relative gene expression was determined by the 2−ΔΔCt method. *p < 0.05.

Active Stat5a/b increases nuclear levels of antiandrogen-liganded AR in PC-3 cells. PC-3 cells were infected with AdAR, AdPrlR and AdWTStat5a, serum-starved for 12 h, and pretreated with 1 nM DHT, 10 μM Bicalutamide (Bic), 10 μM Flutamide (Flu) or 10 μM MDV3100 (MDV) for 1 h before stimulation with 10 nM Prl for 30 min, where indicated. Immunostaining depicts DAPI, Stat5a/b, AR and merged imaging of Stat5a/b and AR.

(C) Effect of AR antagonist cyproterone acetate (0–5 nM) on androgen-induced ADTRP transactivation in HeLa cells. (D) Effect of AR antagonist cyproterone acetate (0–0.5 nM) on androgen-induced ADTRP transactivation in HeLa cells

(h and i) Triptolide inhibits transcription. After exposure to triptolide (1 μm), spironolactone (10 μm), actinomycin D (2 μm, transcription inhibitor used as a positive control) or DMSO for 6 h, the global RNA synthesis was evaluated by the measurement of 5-EU incorporation. The figure shows representative merged pictures of DAPI and 5-EU signal. The intensity of the signal was evaluated through fluorescence microscopy (h) and quantified with the CellProfiler Software. Triptolide but not spironolactone inhibits global transcription.

Growth suppression effect of different antiandrogens and Chk1 inhibitors on MDA-MB-453 and SUM185PE cells. The effects of a range of concentrations of three antiandrogens (enzalutamide, ENZA; darolutamide, ODM-201; and abiraterone acetate, AA) and two Chk1 inhibitors (GDC-0575 and AZD7762) were assessed by MTT. Histograms represent the respective IC50s (mean of n = 3–4 experiments; error bars show the 95% confidence interval).

Steroid-deprived ZR-75-1 cells were treated with ethanol (vehicle) or 1 nmol/L of 17β-estradiol (E2) for 2 hours, followed by treatment with RAD140 at 100 nmol/L in the presence or absence of ARN-509 (10 μmol/L) for overnight. Whole-cell lysates and nuclear fractions were prepared and subjected to Western blot analyses for AR. HDAC2 and β-tubulin were probed as loading controls for nuclear and whole-cell extracts, respectively.

HEC-1A cells were treated with pterostilbene (75 μM), megestrol acetate (75 μM) or the combination for 24 h. Whole cell lysates were collected and measured for the change of cell cycle and apoptosis pathways by Western blot. Results are representative of 3 or more preparations.

Survival of mice receiving daily vehicle or MDV3100 treatment and treated with the LHRH-Ant or vehicle (n=10 mice per group). Data combined from two independent experiments.

C. Impact of CYP17A1 inhibitors on genes involved in androgen biosynthesis. H295R cells were treated with control (DMSO) or 1 μM orteronel and galeterone for 72 h and then RNA was isolated and transcribed to cDNA. Results of qRT-PCR validation of HSD3B2, CYP17A1 and AKR1C3 genes relative to the housekeeping gene cyclophilin A. Expression of the genes was analyzed by SYBR Green real-time PCR. Analysis of relative gene expression was determined by the 2−ΔΔCt method. *p < 0.05.

Active Stat5a/b increases nuclear levels of antiandrogen-liganded AR in PC-3 cells. PC-3 cells were infected with AdAR, AdPrlR and AdWTStat5a, serum-starved for 12 h, and pretreated with 1 nM DHT, 10 μM Bicalutamide (Bic), 10 μM Flutamide (Flu) or 10 μM MDV3100 (MDV) for 1 h before stimulation with 10 nM Prl for 30 min, where indicated. Immunostaining depicts DAPI, Stat5a/b, AR and merged imaging of Stat5a/b and AR.

(C) Effect of AR antagonist cyproterone acetate (0–5 nM) on androgen-induced ADTRP transactivation in HeLa cells. (D) Effect of AR antagonist cyproterone acetate (0–0.5 nM) on androgen-induced ADTRP transactivation in HeLa cells

(h and i) Triptolide inhibits transcription. After exposure to triptolide (1 μm), spironolactone (10 μm), actinomycin D (2 μm, transcription inhibitor used as a positive control) or DMSO for 6 h, the global RNA synthesis was evaluated by the measurement of 5-EU incorporation. The figure shows representative merged pictures of DAPI and 5-EU signal. The intensity of the signal was evaluated through fluorescence microscopy (h) and quantified with the CellProfiler Software. Triptolide but not spironolactone inhibits global transcription.

Growth suppression effect of different antiandrogens and Chk1 inhibitors on MDA-MB-453 and SUM185PE cells. The effects of a range of concentrations of three antiandrogens (enzalutamide, ENZA; darolutamide, ODM-201; and abiraterone acetate, AA) and two Chk1 inhibitors (GDC-0575 and AZD7762) were assessed by MTT. Histograms represent the respective IC50s (mean of n = 3–4 experiments; error bars show the 95% confidence interval).