Estradiol

Name: Estradiol
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1709
Rating: 5 (9 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S1709 Synonyms: 17β-estradiol, β-Estradiol, E2, 17β-Oestradiol

9 publications

CAS No. 50-28-2

Estradiol (17β-estradiol, β-Estradiol, E2, 17β-Oestradiol) is a human sex hormone and steroid, and the primary female sex hormone. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through the estrogen receptor β (ERβ) pathway.

Selleck's Estradiol has been cited by 9 publications

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2021, 209:105826

PubMed: 33581253 ( click the link to review the publication )

Theranostics, 2020, 10(4):1833-1848

PubMed: 32042339 ( click the link to review the publication )

Life Sci, 2020, 1;248:117449

PubMed: 32088212 ( click the link to review the publication )

BMC Cancer, 2020, 20(1):1020

PubMed: 33087072 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Med Sci, 2020, 17(18):3174-3189

PubMed: 33173437 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell, 2019, 75(6):1103-1116.e9

PubMed: 31420216 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2019, 10:34

PubMed: 31049198 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 2019, 25(7):1387-1394

PubMed: 30935966 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Med Rep, 2016, 14(6):5304-5310

PubMed: 27779689 ( click the link to review the publication )

Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective Estrogen/progestogen Receptor Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

Estrogen receptor ^[1]

In vitro

Estradiol induces new dendritic spines and synapses on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. Estradiol treatment resulted in a 46% increase in NMDA receptor binding. Estradiol treatment increases NMDA receptor binding in parallel with dendritic spine and synapse density. Estradiol treatment results in increased sensitivity of CA1 pyramidal cells to NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic input and that this increase is well correlated with the estradiol-induced increase in dendritic spine density in the apical dendritic tree of these cells. ^[1] 17 beta-estradiol is found to reduce Ba2+ entry reversibly via Ca2+ channels in acutely dissociated and cultured neostriatal neurons. 17 alpha-Estradiol also reduces Ba2+ currents but is significantly less effective than 17 beta-estradiol in rat neostriatal neurons. ^[2] 17 beta-estradiol exerts a dose-dependent inhibition of IL-1-, TNF-, and IL-1 and TNF-induced production of bioassayable IL-6. Estradiol inhibits both TNF-induced IL-6 production and osteoclast development in primary bone cell cultures derived from neonatal murine calvaria. ^[3]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
MCF-7	NX\oVXpbTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NXqyNY9uTGm\|cHzhZ4Vu\W62IH;mJHs{UF2nc4TyZYRqd2xiZoLvcUBGe3S{b3flckBz\WOncITvdkBqdiCPQ1[tO{Bk\WyuczygTWM2OD1yLkCwN:69VQ>?	MXG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yPTR6NkizK\|4yPTR6NkizQE9iRg>?
MCF-7	M2fHS2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NGrPSJRG\m[nY4TpeoUh\G:\|ZTDmc5IhYzOKXT2g[ZN1emGmaX;sJIFo[Wmwc4SgdJJwdGmoZYLheIlwdiCxZjDNR2YuPyClZXzsd{whTUN3ME2wMlAxODB{zszN	NIHRV5E9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{N{[5OlgyLz5{N{[5OlgyRC:jPh?=
Ishikawa cells	NFLrcpNHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			Mm\vR49v[2WwdILheIlwdiCxZjDjc41xd3WwZDDy[ZF2cXKnZDD0c{BqdmS3Y3WgOVAhLSCxZjD0bIUhdWG6aX31cUB{fGmvdXzheIlwdiCxZjDhcItidGmwZTDwbI9{eGijdHHz[UBi[3Srdnn0fUBqdiCLc3jpb4F4[SClZXzsd{whTUN3ME2wMlAxODBzzszN	MlP3QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwQDJyMUW4O{c,QDJyMUW4O\|ww[T5?
MCF-7	NU\XdI5MTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MoPLTY5lfWO2aX;uJI9nKHCVMjDtVm5CKGW6cILld5Nqd25iaX6gbJVu[W5iTVPGMVchdWGvbXHyfUBk[XKlaX7vcYEh[2WubIOsJGVEPTB;MD6wNFAxQTl4zszN	NHrUV\|Q9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi96NkK3OlE2Lz56NkK3OlE2RC:jPh?=
MCF-7	M2[0Z2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MW\JcoR2[3Srb36gc4YheFN{IH3SUmEh\XiycnXzd4lwdiCrbjDoeY1idiCPQ1[tO{Bu[W2vYYL5JINiemOrbn;tZUBk\WyuczygSWM2OD1yLkCwNFI6Os7:TR?=	NXL6cZdMRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxOE[yO\|YyPSd-OE[yO\|YyPTxxYU6=
mammary cancer cells	NGfqZ\|ZHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NFfISWtC\m[rbnn0fUBme3S{b3flckBz\WOncITvdkBw\iCPQ1[tO{BpfW2jbjDtZY1u[XK7IHPhcoNmeiClZXzsd{whTUN3ME2wMlAxOzkQvF2=	MY[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek85PjJ5NkG1K\|45PjJ5NkG1QE9iRg>?
HeLa	M4jqTmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MYfUVH9VWkGQU2DPVnRGWjpiaX7obYJqfGmxbjDv[kBGOjF5YnX0ZWchfXC2YXvlJIlvKE:jdICxMYV5eHKnc4PpcochUGWOYTDj[YxteyxiS3m9OE44\|ryP	MV68ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek85Pzd7OEm0K\|45Pzd7OEm0QE9iRg>?
MCF-7	MnjtSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			MnL2S5Jwf3SqIILld5BwdnOnIHnuJIN2dHS3cnXzJI9nKE2FRj23JEhpfW2jbjDidoVie3RiY3HuZ4VzKGOnbHygcIlv\SliY3XscJMtKEWFNUC9NE4xODByMEG1{txO	NYjWbnBlRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxOUO1O\|U{Oyd-OUO1O\|U{OzxxYU6=
MCF-7	NXe2UZl[TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NVnlfWttUW6mdXP0bY9vKG:oIIDTNkBI\W6nIHX4dJJme3Orb36gbY4hcHWvYX6gUWNHNTdiY3XscJMtKEWFNUC9NE4xODByM{Cx{txO	MmCyQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwQTN5MUK0NUc,QTN5MUK0NVww[T5?
MCF-7	M2PtOmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MmjORYZncW6rdImg[o9zKGW\|dILv[4VvKHKnY3XweI9zKG:oIHj1cYFvKE2FRj23JINmdGy\|LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNVjPxE1?	MUG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek86OzdzMkSxK\|46OzdzMkSxQE9iRg>?
HRPE	MX\GeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NHvzSXNVWF:WUlHOV3BQWlSHUkqgbY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCWRVGgeZB1[WunIDjUSWE7KDJyIIXNLUBqdiCRQ2SzMYV5eHKnc4PpcochUFKSRTDj[YxteyxiSVO1NF0yNjIQvF2=	MnXkQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwQTh\|MECyNkc,QTh\|MECyNlww[T5?
MCF-7	M2m3N2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MlH4RYdwdmm\|dDDl[oZm[3Rib36geJJidnOlcnnweIlwdmGuIHHjeIl3[XSrb36gbY4hVUOILUegZ4VtdHNiZYjwdoV{e2mwZzDld5Rzd2enbjDy[YNmeHSxcjDhcJBp[SxiRVO1NF0xNjByMECwO:69VQ>?	NFvtTFM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zME[3N\|A6QSd-MUC2O\|MxQTl:L3G+
HeLa	NGjvellHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MVHBZ5RqfmG2aX;uJI9nKGW\|dILv[4VvKHKnc4DvcpNmKGWuZX3lcpQhcW5iSHXMZUBk\WyuczDzeIFjdHlidILhcpNn\WO2ZXSge4l1cCCqdX3hckBGe3S{b3flckBz\WOncITvdkBidHCqYT6sJGVEPTB;MD6wNFAxOs7:TR?=	MlrKQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTF7ME[yPFAoRjFzOUC2NlgxRC:jPh?=
HeLa	M4LXb2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			Mmm4RYN1cX[jdHnvckBw\iCnc4Tyc4dmdiC{ZYPwc45{\SCnbHXt[Y51KGmwIFjlUIEh[2WubIOgd5Ri[my7IITyZY5{\mWldHXkJJdqfGhiaIXtZY4hTXO2cn;n[Y4hemWlZYD0c5Ih[mW2YT6sJGVEPTB;MD6wNFAxP87:TR?=	MVG8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOTlyNkK4NEc,OTF7ME[yPFA9N2F-
SH-SY5Y	NYi2ZlBoTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			NXHhbYFISWexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBqdiC2cnHud4NzcXC2aX;uZYwh[WO2aY\heIlwdiCjc4PhfUBqdiCVSD3TXVV[KG6ndYLvZoxie3SxbXGgZ4VtdHNiZYjwdoV{e2mwZzDFd5Rzd2enbjDy[YNmeHSxcjDi[ZRiNCCHQ{WwQVAvODByMd88US=>	MleyQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTF7ME[yPFAoRjFzOUC2NlgxRC:jPh?=
HEK293	MWLGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			MkHoWHBgXFKDTmPQU3JVTVJ8IHnubIljcXSrb36gc4YhVVCSKzD1dJRic2ViKF3QVEs7KDBwMkWgeW0qKGmwIF;DWFMu\XiycnXzd4lv\yCKRVuyPVMh[2WubIOsJGlEPTB;Mj64PO69VQ>?	MWC8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOjFzME[wO{c,OTJzMUC2NFc9N2F-
HEK293	MnizSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			M1LSSHRRZ1SUQV7TVG9TXEWUOjDpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKE2SUDugeZB1[WunIDjNVHAsQiByLkK1JJVOMSCrbjDPR3QyNWW6cILld5NqdmdiSFXLNlk{KGOnbHzzMEBKSzVyPUWuO\|PPxE1?	NEjqN2Y9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zMkGxNFYxPyd-MUKxNVA3ODd:L3G+
MCF-7-2a	MoLKSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NF2xfYlC\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIlvKHS{YX7zZ5JqeHSrb37hcEBi[3SrdnH0bY9vKGG\|c3H5JIlvKE2FRj23MVJiKGOnbHzzJINwdXCjcnXkJJRwKGW\|dILh[IlwdCCHMjygSWM2OD1yLkCwNFQ6\|ryP	NILTXWE9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zMkGzPVQ1Pyd-MUKxN\|k1PDd:L3G+
T47D	MWXGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NGK5WFlC\2:waYP0JIVn\mWldDDvckB1emGwc3PybZB1cW:wYXygZYN1cX[jdHnvckBqdiCWNEfEJINmdGy\|IHX4dJJme3Orbneg[ZN1em:pZX6gdoVk\XC2b4KgZYxxcGFuIFXDOVA:OC5yMECwO:69VQ>?	NH\PN3k9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zMkS1PVAyPyd-MUK0OVkxOTd:L3G+
T47D	MnfJSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			MXrB[49vcXO2IHXm[oVkfCCxbjD0doFve2O{aYD0bY9v[WxiYXP0bZZifGmxbjDv[kBVPDeGIHPlcIx{KGW6cILld5NqdmdiaIXtZY4h\XO2cn;n[Y4hemWlZYD0c5Ih[mW2YTygSWM2OD1yLkCwNFjPxE1?	MYS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOjR3OUCxO{c,OTJ2NUmwNVc9N2F-
MCF-7	M3PtS2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NETSRo1R\XKlZX70JIFod26rc4TpZ{Bi[3Srdnn0fUBnd3JiZYP0do9o\W5vaX7keYNm\CCyU{Kg[ZhxemW\|c3nvckBqdiCPQ1[tO{Bk\WyuczygSWM2OD1yLkCwNFAy\|ryP	NVP5RnlyRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUK3OFk5QThpPkGyO\|Q6QDl6PD;hQi=>
MCF-7	M3zyemZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MkHaSpVv[3Srb37hcEBGWmGucHjhJJJm[2WydH;yJIFkfGm4aYT5JIlvKHS{YX7zZ5JqeHSrb37hcEBi[3SrdnH0bY9vKGG\|c3H5JIlvKE2FRj23JINmdGy\|LDDFSFUxRTBwMECwNFA1Ps7:TR?=	MXS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOjh{NEC0N{c,OTJ6MkSwOFM9N2F-
SAOS-2	NHfjUW5HfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MULGeY5kfGmxbnHsJGV{fHKxZ3XuJJJm[2WydH;yJIJmfGFiYXP0bZZqfHliYomgcYV1[Wyub4TobY9v\WmwIHnu[JVkfGmxbjDpckBUSU:VLUKgZ4VtdHNuIFXEOVA:OC5yMES3{txO	Mmq2QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTJ6MkSwOFMoRjF{OEK0NFQ{RC:jPh?=
MCF-7 breast tumor	MkLCSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NFfhUnhG\m[nY4TpeoUh[2:wY3XueJJifGmxbjDh[4FqdnO2IF3DSk04KGK{ZXHzeEB1fW2xcjDj[YxteyC3c3nu[{BOS0ZvNzDhd5NigS5uIFXDOVA:OC5yMECwNe69VQ>?	MUW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8yOjh{NUmzOUc,OTJ6MkW5N\|U9N2F-
MCF-7-2a	MXrGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NUjUWpRVS2:wY3XueJJifGmxbjDy[ZF2cXKnZDD0c{Bi[3SrdnH0[UBtfWOrZnXyZZNmKGW6cILld5Nqd25iaX6gUWNHNTdvMnGgZ4VtdHNuIFXDOVA:OC5yMECwPO69VQ>?	NVLvWJE3RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUS3OlEyQTNpPkG0O\|YyOTl\|PD;hQi=>
Ishikawa Var-1 cells	NE\0WoRHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NX\KVXA2PzJiaILz	MknXSZN1em:pZX7pZ{Bi[3Srdnn0fUBifCCnc4Tyc4dmdiC{ZXPldJRweiCrbjDoeY1idiCLc3jpb4F4[SCYYYKtNUBk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{B{fGmvdXzheIlwdiCxZjDhcItidGmwZTDwbI9{eGijdHHz[UBi[3Srdnn0fUBu\WG\|dYLl[EBjgSCvZYThZo9tcXOvIH;mJJAudmm2cn;wbIVvd2xicHjvd5Bp[XSjc3WgZYZ1\XJiN{KgbJJ{NCCHQ{WwQVAvODByMES3{txO	M2nqTVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF3NU[4O\|cxLz5zNUW2PFc4ODxxYU6=
HeLa	NIHWdY5HfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MmTUTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCdM1jd[ZN1emGmaX;sJIJqdmSrbnegeI8hcHWvYX6g[ZN1em:pZX6gdoVk\XC2b4KgZoV1[SCneIDy[ZN{\WRiaX6gTIVN[SClZXzsd{whUUN3ME2wMlAzPM7:TR?=	M{L1XFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF3NkW4PFUyLz5zNU[1PFg2OTxxYU6=
HeLa	MmX6SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NWjlW4FwUW6qaXLpeIlwdiCxZjDbN2he\XO2cnHkbY9tKGKrbnTpcochfG9iaIXtZY4h\XO2cn;n[Y4hemWlZYD0c5Ih[WyyaHGg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKEinTHGgZ4VtdHNuIFnDOVA:OC5yMklOwG0>	NVqwOnRpRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUW2OVg5PTFpPkG1OlU5QDVzPD;hQi=>
COS-1	NFfrXmVHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NW\6bYZGUW5idnn0do8h[WexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBnd3JiZYP0do9o\W5icnXj[ZB1d3JiYXzwbIEh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIFPPV{0yKGOnbHzzMEBGSzVyPUCuNFAzPM7:TR?=	NXzMcFRPRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUW3NVM1ODdpPkG1O\|E{PDB5PD;hQi=>
COS-1	M4fiXmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			M330dGlvKH[rdILvJIFod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImg[o9zKGW\|dILv[4VvKHKnY3XweI9zKGKndHGg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKEORUz2xJINmdGy\|LDDFR\|UxRTBwMEC5O:69VQ>?	NYfLXm5VRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMUW3NVM1ODdpPkG1O\|E{PDB5PD;hQi=>
293T	M1nEPGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			M3nyWWRqe3CuYXPlcYVvfCCxZjDbN2heOTekZYThMYV{fHKjZHnvcEBnem:vIILlZ49u[mmwYX70JIh2dWGwIFXSZYxxcGFiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJFI6O1RiY3XscJMtKEmFNUC9NE4xODB5Nd88US=>	NHzLPXk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zNkKxPVQ3Oyd-MU[yNVk1PjN:L3G+
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HEK293	NGjhdmtHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MWTF[oZm[3Rib36geJJidnOjY4TpeoF1cW:wIH;mJGFNWCCpZX7lJIV5eHKnc4Ppc44hcW5iSFXLNlk{KGOnbHzzJJRz[W6\|ZnXjeIVlKHerdHigbGVT[WyyaHGsJGVEPTB;MD6wNFA4Pc7:TR?=	MoLQQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOTZ\|MEm5NFcoRjF4M{C5PVA4RC:jPh?=
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HEK	NWrIbJZHTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		MXOxPEBpenN?	NFHUU2lC\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KEWUYXzwbIEh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIFjFT{Bk\WyuczDjc{1mgHC{ZYPzbY5oKGKndHGtcIFkfGGvYYPlJIFnfGW{IEG4JIhzeyCkeTDi[ZRiNWyjY4ThcYF{\SC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNFQ3\|ryP	M4GycFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJzOEi1Nlc6Lz5{MUi4OVI4QTxxYU6=
UAS	MkXwSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		MV2xPEBpenN?	NGLqcIlC\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KEWUYnX0ZUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iVVHTJINmdGy\|IHPvMYV5eHKnc4Ppcoch[mW2YT3sZYN1[W2jc3WgZYZ1\XJiMUigbJJ{KGK7IHLleIEudGGldHHtZZNmKHKncH;yeIVzKGenbnWgZZN{[XluIFXDOVA:OC5yMECyOe69VQ>?	MoSzQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjF6OEWyO\|koRjJzOEi1Nlc6RC:jPh?=
HEC-1	M171e2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		NUTi[I9rOjRiaILz	MkXhRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBpfW2jbjDFVoFteGijIHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckBJTUNvMTDj[YxteyClb3X4dJJme3OrbnegZoV1[S2pYXygZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMhdHWlaX\ldoF{\SCjY4Tpeol1gSCjZoTldkAzPCCqcoOgZpkhemWyb4L0[ZIh\2WwZTDhd5NigSxiRVO1NF0xNjByMEGyN:69VQ>?	NW[xWIkxRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKxNlI2PjNpPkKyNVIzPTZ\|PD;hQi=>
U2OS	MlniSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		NIf4[ZYzPCCqcoO=	M{LpTmFod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhcHWvYX6gSXJidHCqYTDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4hXTKRUzDj[YxteyClb3X4dJJme3OrbnegdGNOYC2qU2LDN{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCudXPp[oVz[XOnIHHjeIl3cXS7IHHmeIVzKDJ2IHjyd{BjgSC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNVXPxE1?	MmfuQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJzMkK1OlMoRjJ{MUKyOVY{RC:jPh?=
HEC-1	NX7TNHJpTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		NGrIfFEzPCCqcoO=	MkHpRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBpfW2jbjDFVoJmfGFiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJGhGSy1zIHPlcIx{KGOxZYjwdoV{e2mwZzDi[ZRiNWejbDDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{BtfWOrZnXyZZNmKGGldHn2bZR6KGGodHXyJFI1KGi{czDifUBz\XCxcoTldkBo\W6nIHHzd4F6NCCHQ{WwQVAvODByMt88US=>	M{CxT\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{MUKyOVY{Lz5{MkGyNlU3OzxxYU6=
U2OS	MXjGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		M1vuVFI1KGi{cx?=	Mn32RYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBpfW2jbjDFVoJmfGFiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJHUzV1NiY3XscJMh[2:neIDy[ZN{cW6pIIDDUXgucFOUQ{OgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMhdHWlaX\ldoF{\SCjY4Tpeol1gSCjZoTldkAzPCCqcoOgZpkhemWyb4L0[ZIh\2WwZTDhd5NigSxiRVO1NF0xNjByMEVOwG0>	M2XHelxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{MUKyOVY{Lz5{MkGyNlU3OzxxYU6=
BL21	NFLLfZZHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NUjyUYFuOSCqch?=	NWHzO5U4SWexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBifCCqdX3hckBPNUirc{[teIFo\2WmIITldoJqfW1vbHHi[Yxt\WRiTmLJSE1UWkN\|IH;mJGVT[WyyaHGgcIlo[W6mIHLpcoRqdmdiZH;tZYlvKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjDFd4Np\XKrY3jpZUBkd2yrIFLMNlEh[2WubIOgZYZ1\XJiMTDodkBjgSCWUj3GVmVVKGG\|c3H5MEBGSzVyPUCuNFAxPTcQvF2=	NIrlV249[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MkGyNlU3Oyd-MkKxNlI2PjN:L3G+
BL21	MmW4SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		NVXEUIFpOSCqch?=	NHXzO3lC\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KGi3bXHuJG4uUGm\|Nj30ZYdo\WRidHXyZol2dS2uYXLlcIxm\CCQUlnEMXNTSzNib3[gSXJj\XSjIHzp[4Fv\CCkaX7kbY5oKGSxbXHpckBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iRYPjbIVzcWOqaXGgZ49tcSCETEKxJINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDFiaIKgZpkhXFJvRmLFWEBie3OjeTygSWM2OD1yLkCwNFnPxE1?	MVS8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOjF{MkW2N{c,OjJzMkK1OlM9N2F-
BL21	MXjGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		NYf5WXp4OSCqch?=	MXLB[49vcXO2IHHjeIl3cXS7IHH0JIh2dWGwIF6tTIl{Pi22YXfn[YQhfGW{Ynn1cU1t[WKnbHzl[EBGWmKndHGgcIlo[W6mIHLpcoRqdmdiZH;tZYlvKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjDFd4Np\XKrY3jpZUBkd2yrIFLMNlEh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMhemWlcoXpeI1mdnRib3[g[ox2d3Knc3PlbY4udGGkZXzs[YQhW1KFMzDh[pRmeiBzIHjyJIJ6KFSULV\SSXQh[XO\|YYmsJGVEPTB;MD6wNFE2\|ryP	MlyzQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJzMkK1OlMoRjJ{MUKyOVY{RC:jPh?=
BL21	NInDOmxHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		MoT3NUBpeg>?	NYm0eXlsSWexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBifCCqdX3hckBPNUirc{[teIFo\2WmIITldoJqfW1vbHHi[Yxt\WRiRWLhcJBp[SCuaXfhcoQh[mmwZHnu[{Bld22jaX6g[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKEW\|Y3jldolkcGmjIHPvcIkhSkx{MTDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDy[YNzfWm2bXXueEBw\iCobIXvdoV{[2Wrbj3sZYJmdGynZDDTVmM{KGGodHXyJFEhcHJiYomgWHIuTlKHVDDhd5NigSxiRVO1NF0xNjByM988US=>	M{jzbVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{MUKyOVY{Lz5{MkGyNlU3OzxxYU6=
Ishikawa cells	NH\5TopHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		MmrpN{Bl[Xm\|	MVXB[49vcXO2IHHjeIl3cXS7IHH0JIV{fHKxZ3XuJJJm[2WydH;yJIlvKGi3bXHuJGl{cGmtYYfhJINmdGy\|IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJIlv[3KnYYPlJI9nKGGua3HsbY5mKHCqb4PwbIF1[XOnIHzleoVtKGGodHXyJFMh\GG7czD1d4lv\yCSLX7peJJweGinbonsJJBpd3OyaHH0[UBieyC\|dXLzeJJifGVuIFXDOVA:OC5yMEC5{txO	NG\lZXg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MkG3PFU2Oid-MkKxO\|g2PTJ:L3G+
HepG2	NIfRO2NHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		M1PrZVI1KGi{cx?=	MlLxRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBpfW2jbjDFVoFteGijIHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckBJ\XCJMjDj[YxteyCjZoTldkAzPCCqcoOgZpkhdHWlaX\ldoF{\SC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECyNu69VQ>?	NUTjeWxMRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkKyPFM{OjhpPkKyNlg{OzJ6PD;hQi=>
HepG2	M4f1Z2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		NYXuUWt7OjRiaILz	M3LtXWFod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhcHWvYX6gSXJj\XSjIHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckBJ\XCJMjDj[YxteyCjZoTldkAzPCCqcoOgZpkhdHWlaX\ldoF{\SC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMEGx{txO	MnjMQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJ{OEOzNlgoRjJ{MkizN\|I5RC:jPh?=
MCF7	MUHBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhd5NigQ>?		NW\scopIPzJiaILz	MYjBcpRqeHKxbHnm[ZJifGm4ZTDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDh[4FqdnO2IHXzeJJw\2WwLXTl[olkcWWwdDDoeY1idiCPQ1[3JINmdGy\|IHHmeIVzKDd{IHjyd{BjgSCPVGSgZZN{[XluIFXDOVA:OC5yMECwNFY1\|ryP	MorQQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJ2NkS2PFEoRjJ{NE[0OlgyRC:jPh?=
MCF7:D5L	MULGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		MoPrNVYhcHK\|	NYnjdHlRTXO2cn;n[Y5q[yCjY4Tpeol1gSCjdDDld5Rzd2enbjDy[YNmeHSxcjDpckBpfW2jbjDNR2Y4QkR3TDDj[YxteyClbz3lfJBz\XO\|aX7nJGVTTSCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDpcoR2[3Srb36gc4YhdHWlaX\ldoF{\SCpZX7lJIV5eHKnc4Ppc44h[W[2ZYKgNVYhcHK\|IHL5JI1q[3KxcHzheIUhemWjZHXyMEBGSzVyPUCuNFAxODF7Nt88US=>	NIDmNlM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{MkS2OFY5OSd-MkK0OlQ3QDF:L3G+
Ishikawa cells	NEPpVHBHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NFnzdoU4OiCqcoO=	MYrFd5Rzd2enbnnjJIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KGW\|dILv[4VvKHKnY3XweI9zKGmwIHj1cYFvKEm\|aHnrZZdiKGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGmwZIXjeIlwdiCxZjDhcItidGmwZTDwbI9{eGijdHHz[UBmgHC{ZYPzbY9vKGGodHXyJFczKGi{czDifUBucWO{b4DsZZRmKHKnYXTldkwhTUN3ME2wMlAxODB{NEdOwG0>	MY[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOjR4NE[4NUc,OjJ2NkS2PFE9N2F-
Ishikawa cells	NU[3NZlDTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	NXfxVHliOC5zIH7N	M2O0PVczKGi{cx?=	Mni4SYZn\WO2IH;uJINmdGxicILvcIln\XKjdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBKe2ira3H3ZUBk\WyuczDheEAxNjFibl2gZYZ1\XJiN{KgbJJ{KGK7IF3UWEBie3OjeR?=	M3z5eVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{NE[0OlgyLz5{MkS2OFY5OTxxYU6=
CHO-K1	NXPyR2FkTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		MVWyOEBpenN?	NWi1botMXHKjboPjdolxfGmxbnHsJIFkfGm4YYTpc44hd2ZiRWLi[ZRiKHKnY3XweI9zKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjDDTG8uUzFiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgNlQhcHK\|IHL5JIx2[2moZYLhd4UhemWyb4L0[ZIh\2WwZTDhd5NigSxiRVO1NF0xNjByMECzOu69VQ>?	NILGXow9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{Mk[0O\|IyPyd-MkK2OFczOTd:L3G+
CHO-K1	NGDCb2NHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NW\VUGJNOjRiaILz	MlzIWJJidnOlcnnweIlwdmGuIHHjeIl3[XSrb36gc4YhTVKjbIDoZUBz\WOncITvdkBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iQ1jPMWsyKGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IEK0JIhzeyCkeTDseYNq\mW{YYPlJJJmeG:{dHXyJIdmdmViYYPzZZktKEWFNUC9NE4xODByNd88US=>	NXrXfVdWRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkK2OFczOTdpPkKyOlQ4OjF5PD;hQi=>
yeast AH109	M{f4[2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		MnTwNlQhcHK\|	MW\B[49vcXO2IHHjeIl3cXS7IHH0JGVT[WyyaHGgdoVk\XC2b4KgUGJFKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjD5[YF{fCCDSEGwPUBk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{Bkd22yb4Xu[EBkd26lZX70doF1cW:wIHH0JJdpcWOqIEGwKUBi\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JI9nKHSqZTDtZZhqdXWvIHHjeIl3cXS7IH;mJGUzKGGodHXyJFI1KGi{czDifUBidHCqYT3nZYxi[3Sxc3nkZZNmKGG\|c3H5MEBC[3Srdnn0fV0xNjByMEJOwG0>	MV[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOjZ2N{KxO{c,OjJ4NEeyNVc9N2F-
yeast AH109	MXfGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?		MWGyOEBpenN?	NGXnbYhC\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KEWUYnX0ZUBz\WOncITvdkBNSkRiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJJlm[XO2IFHINVA6KGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGOxbYDveY5lKGOxbnPlcpRz[XSrb36gZZQhf2irY3igNVAmKGGpb37pd5Qh[WO2aY\peJkhd2ZidHjlJI1igGmvdX2gZYN1cX[rdImgc4YhTTJiYX\0[ZIhOjRiaILzJIJ6KGGucHjhMYdidGGldH;zbYRie2ViYYPzZZktKEGldHn2bZR6RTBwMECwNVjPxE1?	MkTYQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJ4NEeyNVcoRjJ{NkS3NlE4RC:jPh?=
yeast AH109	MlnlSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		NGHWZlEzPCCqcoO=	MnnDRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBGWmGucHjhJJJm[2WydH;yJGxDTCCneIDy[ZN{\WRiaX6gfYVie3RiQVixNFkh[2WubIOgZZN{\XO\|ZXSgZZMhcW62ZYLhZ5Rqd25id3n0bEBUWkNzIHHmeIVzKDJ2IHjyd{BjgSCjbIDoZU1o[WyjY4Tvd4ll[XOnIHHzd4F6NCCHQ{WwQVAvODBzMEZOwG0>	M2HjVlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{NkS3NlE4Lz5{Mk[0O\|IyPzxxYU6=
yeast AH109	NYPoUo9NTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		NV\QNYFbOjRiaILz	MWjB[49vcXO2IHHjeIl3cXS7IHH0JGVT[mW2YTDy[YNmeHSxcjDMRmQh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIInlZZN1KEGKMUC5JINmdGy\|IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJIlvfGW{YXP0bY9vKHerdHigV3JEOSCjZoTldkAzPCCqcoOgZpkh[WyyaHGt[4Ft[WO2b4Pp[IF{\SCjc4PhfUwhTUN3ME2wMlAxOTB6zszN	M17Wb\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ{NkS3NlE4Lz5{Mk[0O\|IyPzxxYU6=
U2-OS	M3XU[WZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			Mki4RYN1cX[jdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBGWmGucHjhJIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiCqdX3hckBWOi2RUzDj[YxteyCkeTDseYNq\mW{YYPlJJJmeG:{dHXyJIdmdmViYYPzZZkhemWuYYTpeoUhfG9idX70doVifGWmIHPvcpRzd2xuIFXDOVA:OC5yMECwNFTPxE1?	MlTtQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjNyNEOyOFIoRjJ\|MESzNlQzRC:jPh?=
U2-OS	NWnodG55TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MkjIRYN1cX[jdHnvckBw\iCqdX3hckBGWmKndHGg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKGi3bXHuJHUzNU:VIHPlcIx{KGK7IHz1Z4ln\XKjc3WgdoVxd3K2ZYKg[4Vv\SCjc4PhfUBz\WyjdHn2[UB1dyC3boTy[YF1\WRiY3;ueJJwdCxiRVO1NF0xNjByMECx{txO	NFmwNYY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{C0N\|I1Oid-MkOwOFMzPDJ:L3G+
MCF7/2a	M3faemZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NHvncplC[3SrdnH0bY9vKG:oIFXSZYxxcGFiaX6gbJVu[W5iTVPGO{8z[SClZXzsd{BjgSCudXPp[oVz[XOnIILldI9zfGW{IHflcoUh[XO\|YYmgdoVt[XSrdnWgeI8hfW62cnXheIVlKGOxboTyc4wtKEWFNUC9NE4xODBzzszN	MlfBQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjNyNEOyOFIoRjJ\|MESzNlQzRC:jPh?=
MCF7	MnnvSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	MX:xJJVO		NIDkR3RFd3ewIILl[5Vt[XSrb36gc4YhTVKjbIDoZUBpfW2jbjDNR2Y4KGOnbHzzJIF1KDFidV2gZpkhX2W\|dHXyckBjdG:2dHnu[y=>	NHq2fFM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{C0N\|I1Oid-MkOwOFMzPDJ:L3G+
HeLa	NWjjTGZbTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	NUXRTWFpOSCwTR?=	NGq1fVAzOCC2bzCyOEBpenN?	MmjGRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBGWmGucHjhJJJm[2WydH;yJIlvKGi3bXHuJGhmVGFiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiYXP0bZZifGmxbjDv[kBGWmGucHjhMYJie2WmIITyZY5{[3KrcITpc44h[XRiMTDuUUBi\nSncjCyNEB1dyB{NDDodpMh[nlibIXjbYZmemG\|ZTDy[ZBwenSncjDn[Y5mKGG\|c3H5	M1LB[lxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|NES4N\|Q3Lz5{M{S0PFM1PjxxYU6=
MCF7	MoW4SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	NFzXNpQyKG6P	NF7tNnkzOCC2bzCyOEBpenN?	NEnPWFdC\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KEWUYXzwbIEhemWlZYD0c5IhcW5iaIXtZY4hVUOINzDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDhZ5RqfmG2aX;uJI9nKEWUYXzwbIEu[mG\|ZXSgeJJidnOlcnnweIlwdiCjdDCxJI5OKGGodHXyJFIxKHSxIEK0JIhzeyCkeTDseYNq\mW{YYPlJJJmeG:{dHXyJIdmdmViYYPzZZk>	MVK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzR2OEO0Okc,OjN2NEizOFY9N2F-
MCF7:WS8	NWPWSmtjTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		Ml;sOFghcHK\|	Moi1RYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBGWiCrbjDoeY1idiCPQ1[3PndUQCClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCrbnPy[YF{\SCrbjDwV\|Ih\2WwZTDlfJBz\XO\|aX;uJIF1KDFyJz2xNEBOKGGodHXyJFQ5KGi{czDifUBTXC2SQ2KgZY5idHm\|aYO=	MlnlQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR6MEWxPVkoRjJ2OEC1NVk6RC:jPh?=
MCF7:WS8	M1\wWmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		NHPaZoM1QCCqcoO=	NH\Wc4pC\2:waYP0JIFkfGm4aYT5JIF1KEWUIHnuJIh2dWGwIF3DSlc7X1N6IHPlcIx{KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IHnuZ5Jm[XOnIHnuJGdTTUJzIHflcoUh\XiycnXzd4lwdiCjdDCxNEcuOTBiTTDh[pRmeiB2ODDodpMh[nliUmStVGNTKGGwYXz5d4l{	M4HLRlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2OEC1NVk6Lz5{NEiwOVE6QTxxYU6=
MCF7:WS8	M2PuZWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		MnjpOFghcHK\|	M2DON2Fod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhTVJiaX6gbJVu[W5iTVPGO\|pYWzhiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7jdoVie2ViaX6gVIdTKGenbnWg[ZhxemW\|c3nvckBifCBzMDetNVAhVSCjZoTldkA1QCCqcoOgZpkhWlRvUFPSJIFv[Wy7c3nz	NFj4RpQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEiwOVE6QSd-MkS4NFUyQTl:L3G+
MCF7	NI\2OmFCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		MXGyJIRigXN?	Ml3kRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZYN1cX[rdImgbJVu[W5iRWKtdI9{cXSrdnWgUWNHPyClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjCyJIRigXNiYomgUXRVKGG\|c3H5MEBKSzVyPUK3MlM2\|ryP	NF[yTZg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUKyNlg4Pid-MkWyNlI5PzZ:L3G+
MDA-MB-231	MoTuRY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZZN{[Xl?		NUH0XmlXOiCmYYnz	NFfDSllCdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBi[3Srdnn0fUBpfW2jbjDFVk1v\WejdHn2[UBOTEFvTVKtNlMyKGOnbHzzJIFnfGW{IEKg[IF6eyCkeTDNWHQh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTB;M{OuOFbPxE1?	NX3iSnBZRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkWyNlI5PzZpPkK1NlIzQDd4PD;hQi=>
B16F10	NVTFO\|FXSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[XO\|YYm=		NFT2SoszKGSjeYO=	NYfUdIxOSW62aYDyc4xq\mW{YYTpeoUh[WO2aY\peJkhdW:3c3WgRlE3TjFyIHPlcIx{KGGodHXyJFIh\GG7czDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9N\|kvQDIQvF2=	NHrGbGQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUKyNlg4Pid-MkWyNlI5PzZ:L3G+
MIAPaCa2	Mlz6RY51cXC{b3zp[oVz[XSrdnWgZZN{[Xl?		NYfvdHVHOiCmYYnz	M4PHSGFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIFkfGm4aYT5JIh2dWGwIF3JRXBiS2F{IHPlcIx{KGGodHXyJFIh\GG7czDifUBOXFRiYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9OFIvQTQQvF2=	MVW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTJ{Mki3Okc,OjV{MkK4O\|Y9N2F-
HEK293	MnW5SpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?			NYHEbldmSWexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBifCCqdX3hckBGWmGucHjhJIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiCKRVuyPVMh[2WubIOgZpkhdHWlaX\ldoF{\SC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNFI1\|ryP	NUjlRm0xRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkWzNFU3QDhpPkK1N\|A2Pjh6PD;hQi=>
HEK293	NWW2N4dDTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MoTPRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBpfW2jbjDFVoJmfGFiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJGhGUzJ7MzDj[YxteyCkeTDseYNq\mW{YYPlJJJmeG:{dHXyJIdmdmViYYPzZZktKEWFNUC9NE4xODByOEZOwG0>	MX28ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTNyNU[4PEc,OjV\|MEW2PFg9N2F-
MCF7	NHT3eZNHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NITDO5ozPCCqcoO=	NXLHTXdiSWexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBifCCqdX3hckBGWmGucHjhJIlvKGi3bXHuJG1ETjdiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNicILv[4V{fGW{b37lJJJm[2WydH;yJIVv\G:pZX7veZMh\2WwZYOgZYN1cX[jdHnvckBi\nSncjCyOEBpenNiYomgdXBEWixiRVO1NF0xNjByMECwPFTPxE1?	NVvTcXJKRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkW1OVkzOTNpPkK1OVU6OjF\|PD;hQi=>
HEC1	M2TSW2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		MkT1NlQhcHK\|	M13PdGFod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhcHWvYX6gSXJidHCqYTDlfJBz\XO\|ZXSgbY4hcHWvYX6gTGVEOSClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyC2cnHud4NzcXC2aX;uZYwh[WO2aY\heIlwdiCjZoTldkAzPCCqcoOgZpkhTVKHLXz1Z4ln\XKjc3WgdoVxd3K2ZYKg[4Vv\SC2cnHud4Zm[3Srb36gZZN{[XluIFXDOVA:OC5yMECxOu69VQ>?	NVvzb2VNRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkW1OVkzOTNpPkK1OVU6OjF\|PD;hQi=>
MCF7	NEXJVJhHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		MkDzNlQhcHK\|	MV3B[49vcXO2IHHjeIl3cXS7IHH0JIh2dWGwIFXSZoV1[SCrbjDoeY1idiCPQ1[3JINmdGy\|IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJI91fWKjaX6gNkBmdmSxZ3Xuc5V{KGenbnXzJIFkfGm4YYTpc44h[W[2ZYKgNlQhcHK\|IHL5JJFRS1JuIFXDOVA:OC5yMECz{txO	NHvo[m49[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUW1PVIyOyd-MkW1OVkzOTN:L3G+
HEC1	NF:5TWxHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		MmXxNlQhcHK\|	NXr1WY5YSWexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBifCCqdX3hckBGWmKndHGg[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKGi3bXHuJGhGSzFiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNidILhcpNkemmydHnvcoFtKGGldHn2ZZRqd25iYX\0[ZIhOjRiaILzJIJ6KEWURT3seYNq\mW{YYPlJJJmeG:{dHXyJIdmdmVidILhcpNn\WO2aX;uJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwN\|jPxE1?	NIi0Tms9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUW1PVIyOyd-MkW1OVkzOTN:L3G+
MCF7	NGnoSWFHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=	MoXoNVAhdk1?	M{XoW\|IxKGi{cx?=	NF6wOVhKdmS3Y4Tpc44hd2ZiZYP0do9o\W5icnXj[ZB1d3JvYXzwbIEh\GWpcnHkZZRqd25iaX6gbJVu[W5iTVPGO{Bk\WyuczDheEAyOCCwTTDh[pRmeiB{MDDodpMh[nliV3XzeIVzdiCkbH;0JIFv[Wy7c3nz	NFnPPVI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUi3PVQ5PSd-MkW4O\|k1QDV:L3G+
Saos2	MWnGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	M{XheVEhfU1?	Mlq1O{Bl[Xm\|	M{PPV2Fod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhTVKjbIDoZUBqdiCqdX3hckBU[W:\|MjDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDpcoR2[3Srb36gc4Yh[2WubDDwdo9tcW[ncnH0bY9vKGG2IEGgeW0h[W[2ZYKgO{Bl[Xm\|IHL5JG1VWyCjc4PhfS=>	NITtS249[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{N{G1OVQ4OCd-MkexOVU1PzB:L3G+
Saos2	MVHGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	NFnwTYcxNjFibl2=	NFjUfYs{KGSjeYO=	MkfxRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBGWmGucHjhJIlvKGi3bXHuJHNid3N{IHPlcIx{KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IHnuZ5Jm[XOnIHnuJGFNWCCjY4Tpeol1gSC3c3nu[{BxNW6rdILvdIhmdnmuIIDoc5NxcGG2ZTDhd{B{fWK\|dILheIUh[XRiMD6xJI5OKGGodHXyJFMh\GG7czDifUBkd2yxcnnt[ZRzcWNiYYPzZZk>	MYW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPzF3NUS3NEc,OjdzNUW0O\|A9N2F-
insect cells	NXLFW\|UzTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MWrEbZNxdGGlZX3lcpQhd2ZiRnz1c5Jud26nIFXTNkBIemWnbjDmdo9uKGi3bXHuJJJm[2:vYnnuZY51KG[3bHygcIVv\3SqIFXSZYxxcGFiZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJIlve2WldDDj[YxteyCvZXHzeZJm\CC3cDD0c{A1KGi{czDifUBndHWxcnXzZ4Vv[2VicH;sZZJqgmG2aX;uJIF{e2G7LDDJR\|UxRTBwMEC0OO69VQ>?	MWK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPzZ2N{O3OUc,Ojd4NEezO\|U9N2F-
insect cells	NF;xVJVHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NV7H[Wg2OiCqcoO=	NUnYVHh2TGm\|cHzhZ4Vu\W62IH;mJIZtfW:{bX;u[U1t[WKnbHXkJGVUOiCocn;tJJJm[2:vYnnuZY51KG[3bHygcIVv\3SqIHj1cYFvKEWUYXzwbIEhdGmpYX7kJIJqdmSrbneg[I9u[WmwIHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckBqdnOnY4SgZ4VtdHNiYX\0[ZIhOiCqcoOgZpkhXFJvRmLFWEBie3OjeTygTWM2OD1yLkCwNFQy\|ryP	MWO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQDFyNUK4N{c,OjhzMEWyPFM9N2F-
insect cells	NGjLdXNHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			M4TyXWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiZnz1c5Jud26nIFXTNkBjcW6maX7nJJRwKHKnY3;tZolv[W62IH\1cIwhdGWwZ4ToJIh2dWGwIFXSZoV1[SCneIDy[ZN{\WRiaX6gbY5{\WO2IHPlcIx{KGK7IH\seY9z\XOlZX7j[UBxd2yjcnn6ZZRqd25iYYPzZZktKEmFNUC9NE4xODZ4Nd88US=>	NIrKUlY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{OEezOVIyPCd-Mki3N\|UzOTR:L3G+
Ishikawa cells	NWTCTWM2TnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=		NGrG[2Q6PiCqcoO=	NXLJUoYxTXO2cn;n[Y5q[yCjY4Tpeol1gSCjdDDld5Rzd2enbjDy[YNmeHSxcjDhcJBp[SCrbjDoeY1idiCLc3jpb4F4[SClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCrbnT1Z5Rqd25ib3[gZYxs[WyrbnWgdIhwe3CqYYThd4Uh[WO2aY\peJkhfXOrbnegdE1PcXS{b4Do[Y5wdCCyaH;zdIhifGViYYOgd5Vje3S{YYTlJJBz\XS{ZXH0[YQh\m:{IEm2JIhzeyCob3zsc5dm\CCkeTDzeYJ{fHKjdHWgZYRlcXSrb36gcYVie3W{ZXSg[ZZmenliMUWgd4VkeyCkeTDzZ4FvdmmwLDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNu69VQ>?	NUThPVAxRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMki4NVI5QTJpPkK4PFEzQDl{PD;hQi=>
293 cells	MVHGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?			NGfSPHJDcW6maX7nJIFn\mmwaYT5JJRwKEWUIDj1cotvd3ewIH;ybYdqdiliZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJHVCWy2kbHGgS5JqeFSrdHWgNlk{KGOnbHzzJIJ6KFOnbHXjeEB{[3KnZX6gZ49ueGW2aYTpeoUh[mmwZHnu[{Bie3OjeTygSWM2OD1yLkCwNlPPxE1?	MUC8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQDh6Nkm5Okc,Ojh6OE[5PVY9N2F-
HEk293	NVHjfHNlTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			M1nQdWFod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhemWlb33ibY5idnRiaIXtZY4hT0GOND3meZNm\CCHUnHsdIhiKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjDISYszQTNiY3XscJMh[nlibIXjbYZmemG\|ZTDy[ZBwenSncjDn[Y5mKGG\|c3H5MEBGSzVyPUCuNFAxOTIQvF2=	NXz4R2U1RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm1NlU{OzVpPkK5OVI2OzN3PD;hQi=>
Ishikawa	M2r1OGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		MmeyPVYhcHK\|	M2rnXmV{fHKxZ3XubYMh[WO2aY\peJkh[XRiRWLhcJBp[SCrbjDoeY1idiCLc3jpb4F4[SClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCrbnT1Z5Rqd25ib3[gZYxs[WyrbnWgdIhwe3CqYYThd4Uh[WO2aY\peJkhfXOrbnegdE1vcXS{b4Do[Y5wdCCjczDzeYJ{fHKjdHWgeJJm[XSnZDDmc5IhQTZiaILzJIZwdGyxd3XkJIJ6KHO3YoP0doF1\SCjZHTpeIlwdiCkeTDzdIVkfHKxcHjveI9u\XS{aXOgcYV1cG:mLDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNFPPxE1?	Mn;EQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl4NEGyNFYoRjJ7NkSxNlA3RC:jPh?=
MDA-MB-231/beta41	NGfUdXBHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		NHPkcYoyQCCqcoO=	NV\SZop6TXO2cn;n[Y5q[yCjY4Tpeol1gSCjdDDFVoJmfGFiKIXub45wf25ib4Lp[4lvMSCneIDy[ZN{\WRiaX6gbJVu[W5iTVTBMW1DNTJ\|MT;i[ZRiPDFiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgNVghcHK\|IHL5JJJmdmmubHGgcJVkcW[ncnHz[UBz\XCxcoTldkBo\W6nIHHzd4F6NCCHQ{WwQVAvODByMEROwG0>	MXe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTZ2MUKwOkc,Ojl4NEGyNFY9N2F-
insect cells	MlfYSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		MWOyJIhzew>?	MlvzTY5pcWKrdHnvckBw\iCobIXvdo9ud26nIHLpcoRqdmdidH:gdoVkd22kaX7hcpQhcHWvYX6g[pVtdCCuZX7neIghfW62YXfn[YQhTVKkZYThJIV5eHKnc4Pl[EBqdiCrboPlZ5Qh[2WubIOgZYZ1\XJiMjDodpMh[nliZnz1c5Jme2OnbnPlJJBwdGG{aYrheIlwdiCjc4PhfUwhUUN3ME2wMlAxOTJ6zszN	M3PVb\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7OE[5OVA{Lz5{OUi2PVUxOzxxYU6=
insect cells	MkjnSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?		MmnFNkBpenN?	M4n6SWlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZiZnz1c5JwdW:wZTDibY5lcW6pIITvJJJm[2:vYnnuZY51KGi3bXHuJIZ2dGxibHXu[5RpKHWwdHHn[4VlKEWUYXzwbIEh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIHnud4VkfCClZXzsd{Bi\nSncjCyJIhzeyCkeTDmcJVwemW\|Y3XuZ4UheG:uYYLpfoF1cW:wIHHzd4F6NCCLQ{WwQVAvODB2OEC0{txO	MWi8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zQTh4OUWwN{c,Ojl6Nkm1NFM9N2F-
insect cells	M3LOVWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NIm3NpAxNjFidH:gNVAxODBidV2=		MUnCbY5lcW6pIHHm[olvcXS7IITvJJVvfGGpZ3XkJIh2dWGwIILlZ49u[mmwYX70JIZ2dGxibHXu[5RpKEWUYXzwbIEh\XiycnXzd4VlKGmwIHnud4VkfCClZXzsd{AxNjFidH:gNVAxODBidV2gZpkhTmy3b4Ltc45mKEWVMjDHdoVmdiCmaYPwcIFk\W2nboSgZoF{\WRiYYPzZZk>	M3XuSlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzNyMEmxPVIxLz5\|MEC5NVkzODxxYU6=
293 cells	M1rTUWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MmjQRYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBISUx2IFTORU1jcW6maX7nJIRwdWGrbjDmeZNm\CCHUnHsdIhiKCi3bnvuc5dvKG:{aXfpckkhdGmpYX7kJIJqdmSrbneg[I9u[WmwIHX4dJJme3OnZDDpckBWSVNvYnzhJGdzcXCWaYTlJFI6OyClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyCkZYThMYxi[3SjbXHz[UB1emGwc3PybZB1cW:wYXygZYN1cX[jdHnvckBjgSCIUlXUMYJie2WmIFflcoVDVEG8ZYKgZZN{[XluIFnDOVA:OC5yMECxNFfPxE1?	NU\lZ\|hoRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxM{CxOFQ3QTdpPkOwNVQ1Pjl5PD;hQi=>
293 cells	NGTqOZhHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NVXmVIhzSWexbnnzeEBi[3Srdnn0fUBifCCJQVy0JGRPSS2kaX7kbY5oKGSxbXHpckBnfXOnZDDFVoJmfGFiKIXub45wf25ib4Lp[4lvMSCuaXfhcoQh[mmwZHnu[{Bld22jaX6g[ZhxemW\|c3XkJIlvKFWDUz3icIEhT3KrcGTpeIUhOjl\|IHPlcIx{KGG\|c3Xzd4VlKGG\|IHLleIEudGGldHHtZZNmKHS{YX7zZ5JqeHSrb37hcEBi[3SrdnH0bY9vKGK7IF\SSXQu[mG\|ZXSgS4Vv\UKOQYrldkBie3OjeTygTWM2OD1yLkCwNFU4Qc7:TR?=	NGXpRpM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9\|MEG0OFY6Pyd-M{CxOFQ3QTd:L3G+
HEK293	NGHNWIZHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NGnkZpZU\WynY4TpeoUh\XO2cn;n[Y4hemWlZYD0c5Ih\G:5bj3y[Yd2dGG2b4KgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhTkyDRz30ZYdo\WRiRWLhcJBp[SBqdX7rco94diCxcnnnbY4qKGW6cILld5Nm\CCrbjDISWszQTNiY3XscJMh[XO\|ZYPz[YQh[XNiaX7keYN1cW:wIH;mJGVT[WyyaHGg[IVoemGmYYTpc44h[nlibIXjbYZmemG\|ZTDy[ZBwenSncjDn[Y5mKGG\|c3H5MEBGSzVyPUCuNFAxODoQvF2=	NV:zN3JvRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxM{C5OFA2PjVpPkOwPVQxPTZ3PD;hQi=>
HEK293	NWDpOnEzTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=			MYXB[49vcXO2IHHjeIl3cXS7IHH0JGZNSUdvdHHn[4VlKEWUYXzwbIEhMHWwa37ve44hd3KrZ3nuLUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iSFXLNlk{KGOnbHzzJIF{e2W\|c3XkJIF{KGmwZIXjeIlwdiCxZjDFVk1idHCqYT3t[YRq[XSnZDD0doFve2O{aYD0bY9v[WxiYXP0bZZqfHliYomgcJVkcW[ncnHz[UBz\XCxcoTldkBo\W6nIHHzd4F6NCCHQ{WwQVAvODByMUROwG0>	M3zYPFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzNyOUSwOVY2Lz5\|MEm0NFU3PTxxYU6=
Sf9	NGfScXBHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MYXCbY5lcW6pIFHzd4F6QiCWaHWgcYV1cG:mIHXtdIxwgWWmIIfhd{Bi\GGydHXkJIZzd21idHjlJJNkcWWwdHnmbYMhdGm2ZYLheJVz\SCjbnSg[IV{[3KrYnXkJIlvKGSndHHpcEBjgSCRc3LveZJvKGW2IHHsMkApOTl7MzygRolw[2inbXnzeJJ6NCB\|MjygOlIzQS14MkO2LU4hWmWlb33ibY5idnRiaIXtZY4hTVKjbIDoZUBidmRiRWLSJJBzd3SnaX7zJJdmemVicIXybYZq\WRiZoLvcUB1emGwc3\lZ5Rm\CCVZkmtZ4VtdHNwIGTo[UBqdiC4aYTyc{AtKEurPUCuNFAxODF3zszN	Mon0QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNVM2Nyd-Q3jFUWJNRC:jPh?=
Sf9	M3jm[GZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			MmXpTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeUqgWIhmKG2ndHjv[EBmdXCub4nl[EB4[XNiYXThdJRm\CCocn;tJJRp\SC\|Y3nlcpRq\mmlIHzpeIVz[XS3cnWgZY5lKGSnc3PybYJm\CCrbjDk[ZRicWxiYomgU5Njd3WvIHX0JIFtNiBqMUm5N{whSmmxY3jlcYl{fHK7LDCzNkwhPjJ{OT22NlM3MS5iUnXjc41jcW6jboSgbJVu[W5iRWLhcJBp[SCjbnSgSXJj\XSjIIDyc5RmcW6\|IIfldoUheHW{aX\p[YQh\nKxbTD0doFve2[nY4Tl[EBU\jlvY3XscJMvKFSqZTDpckB3NCCNaU2wMlAxODBzNd88US=>	MYq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyxN\|UwLz6FaFXNRmw9N2F-
HEK293T	NFX0ZpRHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		M2PMTFI1KGi{cx?=	M1HTbmFod26rc4SgZYN1cX[rdImgZZQhTVJvYnX0ZUApfW6tbn;3ckBwemmpaX6pJJRz[W6\|ZnXjeIVlKGmwIFjFT\|I6O1RiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgNlQhcHK\|IHL5JHN1\WGmeT3HcI8hdHWlaX\ldoF{\SC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNFM6QM7:TR?=	NY\2Z21pRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOTN3Lze+R4hGVUKOPD;hQi=>
HEK293T	M3XWcWZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7		NGrkTWwzPCCqcoO=	MkC2RYdwdmm\|dDDhZ5Rqfmm2eTDheEBGWi2jbIDoZUApfW6tbn;3ckBwemmpaX6pJJRz[W6\|ZnXjeIVlKGmwIFjFT\|I6O1RiY3XscJMh[W[2ZYKgNlQhcHK\|IHL5JHN1\WGmeT3HcI8hdHWlaX\ldoF{\SC{ZYDvdpRmeiCpZX7lJIF{e2G7LDDFR\|UxRTBwMECwNe69VQ>?	M3vofVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFE{PS9pPlPoSW1DVDxxYU6=
Sf9	NIHkXXdHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			MXHCbY5lcW6pIFHzd4F6QiCWaHWgcYV1cG:mIHXtdIxwgWWmIIfhd{Bi\GGydHXkJIZzd21idHjlJJNkcWWwdHnmbYMhdGm2ZYLheJVz\SCjbnSg[IV{[3KrYnXkJIlvKGSndHHpcEBjgSCRc3LveZJvKGW2IHHsMkApOTl7MzygRolw[2inbXnzeJJ6NCB\|MjygOlIzQS14MkO2LU4hWmWlb33ibY5idnRiaIXtZY4hTVKjbIDoZUBidmRiRWLSJJBzd3SnaX7zJJdmemVicIXybYZq\WRiZoLvcUB1emGwc3\lZ5Rm\CCVZkmtZ4VtdHNwIGTo[UBqdiC4aYTyc{AtKEurPUCuNFAxOjIQvF2=	MYm8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:5d4eu[YJqNmGlLoXrM4Np\W2kbD;jc41xd3WwZG;y[ZBwenShY3Hy[E9EUEWPQlyxN\|UwLz6FaFXNRmw9N2F-
Sf9	NH\ocoNHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=			NGroUJBKdmirYnn0bY9vKEG\|c3H5PkBVcGVibXX0bI9lKGWvcHzvfYVlKHejczDh[IFxfGWmIH\yc40hfGinIIPjbYVvfGmoaXOgcIl1\XKjdIXy[UBidmRiZHXzZ5Jq[mWmIHnuJIRmfGGrbDDifUBQe2KxdX2g[ZQh[WxwIDixPVk{NCCEaX;jbIVucXO2comsJFMzNCB4MkK5MVYzOzZrLjDS[YNwdWKrbnHueEBpfW2jbjDFVoFteGijIHHu[EBGWmKndHGgdJJwfGWrboOge4Vz\SCydYLp[olm\CCocn;tJJRz[W6\|ZnXjeIVlKFOoOT3j[Yxtey5iVHjlJIlvKHZuIFvpQVAvODByMkJOwG0>	MnTLQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNVM2Nyd-Q3jFUWJNRC:jPh?=
CV-1	M1q0XWx2[2moZYLhd4UhSXO\|YYm=			NWnIe4d7VHWlaX\ldoF{\SCDc4PhfVohTXO2cn;n[Y4hemWlZYD0c5IudmWpYYTpeoUhS1ZvMTDrbYRv\XliY3XscJMh[XKnIH3hbY51[WmwZXSgbY4hTHWuYnXjZ48oeyCvb3Tp[olm\CCHYXfs[Ud{KG2nZHn1cUB4cXSqIESuOUBoN0xiZ3z1Z49{\SC\|dYDwcIVu\W62ZXSge4l1cCBzMDWg[oV1[WxiYn;2bY5mKHOncoXtJIFv\CBzMECgeY5qfHNxbXygdIVvcWOrbHzpck1{fHKncITvcZlkcW5iYYSgN\|fDuCCFLjDpckBiKGi3bXnkbYZq\WRiNTWgR28zKGG2bTygTWM2OD1yLkCwNVfPxE1?	NEL6[nQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwyOzVxJ{7DbGVOSkx:L3G+
CV-1	M1jVZWx2[2moZYLhd4UhSXO\|YYm=			MX3MeYNq\mW{YYPlJGF{e2G7OjDFd5Rzd2enbjDy[YNmeHSxcj3u[YdifGm4ZTDDWk0yKGurZH7lfUBk\WyuczDhdoUhdWGrboThbY5m\CCrbjDEeYxj\WOlbzfzJI1w\GmoaXXkJGVi\2ynJ4OgcYVlcXWvIIfpeIghPC53IHevUEBodHWlb4PlJJN2eHCuZX3lcpRm\CC5aYToJFExLSCoZYThcEBjd3[rbnWgd4VzfW1iYX7kJFExOCC3bnn0d{9udCCyZX7pZ4ltdGmwLYP0doVxfG:veXPpckBifCB\|N9MwJGMvKGmwIHGgbJVucWSrZnnl[EA2LSCFT{KgZZRuNCCLQ{WwQVAvODBzOd88US=>	NXnUdGlURGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOTN3Lze+R4hGVUKOPD;hQi=>
COS7	M4PJTmZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7			NIDITGdEd22yZYTpeIl3\SCkaX7kbY5oKGGoZnnubZR6KHSxIFetdJJwfGWrbjDjc5VxdGWmIHXzeJJw\2WwIILlZ4VxfG:{IDj1cotvd3ewIH;ybYdqdiliZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJGNQWzdiY3XscJMh[nliRUKgRYxmgGFiNkOzJJN1[WmwaX7nJIJie2WmIH\seY9z\XOlZX7j[UBidmGueYPpd{whU2l;MD6wNFI4\|ryP	Mlr4QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xd4f3MoVjcS6jYz71b{9kcGWvYnyvZ49ueG:3bnTfdoVxd3K2X3PhdoQwS0iHTVLMNVM2Nyd-Q3jFUWJNRC:jPh?=
MDA-MB-231	M3;RdGdzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NWjaWZh3OSCyTTD0c{AyKM7:TR?=	M3LpXFQ5KGi{	M4C2bmdzd3e2aDDpcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKEixbX:gd4FxcWWwczCobJVu[W5rIF3ERU1OSi1{M{GgZ4VtdHNiYYSgNVAoNTF{IITvJFExLy14IF2gZYZ1\XJiNEigbJIh[nliTWTUJIF{e2G7	NFHHV5Q9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwyOzVxJ{7DbGVOSkx:L3G+
UMR106	M1rue2Z2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	MXexNEBvVQ>?	MVOyOEBpenN?	M3\LO3Rz[W6\|YXP0bZZifGmxbjDv[kBpfW2jbjDFVk1idHCqYTD0doFve2[nY4Tl[EBqdiC{YYSgWW1TOTB4IHPlcIx{KGG2IEGwK{05KE1iYX\0[ZIhOjRiaILzJIJ6KGS3YXygcJVkcW[ncnHz[UBz\XCxcoTldkBo\W6nIHHzd4F6	M3\WW\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4f3e{5m[mlwYXOueYsw[2inbXLsM4NwdXCxdX7kY5JmeG:{dG;jZZJlN0OKRV3CUFE{PS9pPlPoSW1DVDxxYU6=
UMR106	NXHvSJJoTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	MmX2NVAhdk1?	NHywNFczPCCqcoO=	MmPCWJJidnOjY4TpeoF1cW:wIH;mJIh2dWGwIFXSMYJmfGFidILhcpNn\WO2ZXSgbY4hemG2IGXNVlExPiClZXzsd{BifCBzMDetPEBOKGGodHXyJFI1KGi{czDifUBlfWGuIHz1Z4ln\XKjc3WgdoVxd3K2ZYKg[4Vv\SCjc4PhfS=>	NHK0b5I9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwyOzVxJ{7DbGVOSkx:L3G+
U2OS	M4jqUGZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NHz0NIgxNjBzIIXN	MlTCNlQhcHK\|	MknYRYN1cX[jdHnvckBw\iCHUnLleIEhMHWwa37ve44hd3KrZ3nuLUBmgHC{ZYPz[YQhcW5iaIXtZY4hXTKRUzDj[YxteyCjdDCwMlAyKHWPIHnuZ5Vj[XSnZDDmc5IhOjRiaILzJIJ6KGy3Y3nm[ZJie2VicnXwc5J1\XJiZ3Xu[UBie3OjeR?=	NGewdlQ9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;3e5cv\WKrLnHjMpVsN2OqZX3icE9kd22yb4Xu[H9z\XCxcoTfZ4Fz\C:FSFXNRmwyOzVxJ{7DbGVOSkx:L3G+
U2OS	NWL6bXFpTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	M{nGWFAvODFidV2=	NHTH[mYzPCCqcoO=	NVvuOXBZSWO2aY\heIlwdiCxZjDFVoFteGijIDj1cotvd3ewIH;ybYdqdiliZYjwdoV{e2WmIHnuJIh2dWGwIGWyU3Mh[2WubIOgZZQhOC5yMTD1UUBqdmO3YnH0[YQh\m:{IEK0JIhzeyCkeTDseYNq\mW{YYPlJJJmeG:{dHXyJIdmdmViYYPzZZk>	NVLvdVhqRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:ve5d4NmWkaT7hZ{52cy:laHXtZoww[2:vcH;1coRgemWyb4L0Y4NiemRxQ1jFUWJNOTN3Lze+R4hGVUKOPD;hQi=>

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Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	p-GSK3β / GSK3 ; PubMed: 19360103 PLoS One (A)-Neuroblastoma N2a-m were treated with different doses of estradiol and for different times (20–120 min with 10–500 nM) and the maximum increase in GSK3β-PSer9 was observed when they were treated for 60 min with 100–200 nM estradiol. β-catenin; PubMed: 19360103 PLoS One (B)-Stabilization of β-catenin. N2a-m cells treated with estradiol showed a clear increase in β-catenin that could be prevented by prior exposure to ICI 182780 (used 100× concentrated in comparison to estradiol), 60 minutes before estradiol treatment (lower panel). Survivin / ER-alpha / NgBR ; PubMed: 24223763 PLoS One MCF-7 is an estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell line. NgBR was knocked down in MCF-7 cells using siRNA. (A) NgBR knockdown diminished estradiol-induced survivin expression in MCF-7 breast tumor cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with 10 nM estradiol for 6 and 48 hours. Protein levels of NgBR and survivin were determined by Western blot analysis. Beta-Actin is applied as a housekeeping protein. The density of each band was measured using NIH ImageJ and presented as relative intensity of survivin after normalized with beta-actin housekeeping protein. ERα / FOXP1 / KRAS / PTEN ; PubMed: 27441287 Heliyon Stimulation with different concentrations of estradiol. Levels of expression of ERα, FOXP1, and KRAS increased in accordance with the concentrations of estradiol.	19360103 24223763 27441287

In vivo

Estradiol mediates fluctuation in hippocampal synapse density during the estrous cycle in the adult rat. ^[4] Estradiol alone can reverse the ovariectomy-induced decrease in spine density. Estradiol combined with Progesterone initially increases spine density for a period of 2 to 6 hours but then results in a much sharper decrease than is observed following estradiol alone. ^[5]

Protocol

References

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Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	54 mg/mL (198.25 mM)
	Water	Insoluble
	Ethanol	'5 mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download Estradiol SDF

Molecular Weight	272.38
Formula	C₁₈H₂₄O₂
CAS No.	50-28-2
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	17β-estradiol, β-Estradiol, E2, 17β-Oestradiol
Smiles	CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

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Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO+ % + % Tween 80+ % ddH₂O

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Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and MSDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and MSDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):

Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2021-05-17)

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT04036500	Completed	Drug: Estradiol Tablets	Transgender Persons	Medical College of Wisconsin	September 23 2019	Early Phase 1
NCT03868202	Recruiting	Drug: Estradiol Transdermal Product	Follicle Stimulating Hormone Glycosylation\|Urinary FSH21/FSH24 Ratio\|Estradiol Effect	Eastern Virginia Medical School\|Wichita State University	July 3 2019	Phase 2
NCT03401047	Recruiting	Drug: Estradiol	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	University of Virginia	November 30 2017	Early Phase 1
NCT02626208	Completed	Device: Nestorone®/Estradiol Contraceptive Vaginal Ring	Suppression of Ovulation	Health Decisions\|Population Council\|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	January 2016	Phase 2
NCT01923298	Completed	Drug: Estradiol	Estrogen Levels Among Breast Cancer Patients	University of Arizona	August 9 2013	Phase 2

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

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