PD98059

Name: PD98059
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1177
Rating: 5 (343 reviews)

For research use only.

Catalog No.S1177

343 publications

CAS No. 167869-21-8

PD98059 is a non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor with IC50 of 2 μM in a cell-free assay, specifically inhibits MEK-1-mediated activation of MAPK; does not directly inhibit ERK1 or ERK2. PD98059 is a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and functions as an AHR antagonist.

Selleck's PD98059 has been cited by 343 publications

Immunity, 2021, S1074-7613(20)30538-0

PubMed: 33421362 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2019, 35(5):798-815

PubMed: 31031016 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2019, 35(1):17-32

PubMed: 30645973 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Stem Cell, 2017, 20(3):329-344

PubMed: 28089908 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2017, 32(6):840-855

PubMed: 29232556 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nature, 2016, 10.1038/nature19347

PubMed: 27580028 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2015,

PubMed: 25670080 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Cell, 2014, 26(5):754-69

PubMed: 25446900 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Physiol, 2021, 236(2):1375-1390

PubMed: 33128793 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Adv, 2020, 22;6(21):eaaz5913

PubMed: 32494742 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Rep, 2020, 7;30(1):215-228 e5

PubMed: 31914388 ( click the link to review the publication )

Part Fibre Toxicol, 2020, 17(1):46

PubMed: 32948194 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2020, 10.1038/s41388-020-01453-2

PubMed: 32917954 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(10)E2795

PubMed: 33003386 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(11)E3216

PubMed: 33142778 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2020, 11(2):143

PubMed: 32081857 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2020, 14;11(4):230

PubMed: 32286266 ( click the link to review the publication )

Glia, 2020, 10.1002/glia.23790

PubMed: 32036619 ( click the link to review the publication )

FASEB J, 2020, 10.1096/fj.202000186RRR

PubMed: 32918765 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020, 11(1):28

PubMed: 31964421 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2020, 12;2020:6837982

PubMed: 32318240 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Oncol (Dordr), 2020, 10.1007/s13402-020-00554-0

PubMed: 32910411 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Cancer Res, 2020, 10(11):3765-3783

PubMed: 33294266 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Biol Med, 2020, 17(2):357-370

PubMed: 32587774 ( click the link to review the publication )
Chemosphere, 2020, 246:125774

PubMed: 31901531 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 10.1111/jcmm.16135

PubMed: 33247550 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicol Sci, 2020, kfaa159

PubMed: 33078829 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 16;21(10):E3527

PubMed: 32429376 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(4)

PubMed: 32074942 ( click the link to review the publication )

Microorganisms, 2020, 11;8(3) pii: E389

PubMed: 32168837 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2020, 1;318(5):E613-E624

PubMed: 32154742 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Biol Chem, 2020, 295(3):673-689

PubMed: 31780563 ( click the link to review the publication )

Endocrinology, 2020, 161(12)bqaa190

PubMed: 33068422 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 23;128:110245

PubMed: 32454290 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 131:110724

PubMed: 32920518 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2020, 10.1152/ajpheart.00606.2020

PubMed: 33337962 ( click the link to review the publication )

Life Sci, 2020, 13;252:117666

PubMed: 32298737 ( click the link to review the publication )

Chem Biol Interact, 2020, 315:108910

PubMed: 31790661 ( click the link to review the publication )

Food Funct, 2020, 11(12):10968-10978

PubMed: 33283791 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int Immunopharmacol, 2020, 81:105979

PubMed: 31771816 ( click the link to review the publication )

Eur J Pharmacol, 2020, 868:172886

PubMed: 31866407 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2020, 245(1):21-33

PubMed: 31810383 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2020, 245(7):654-666

PubMed: 32075431 ( click the link to review the publication )

BMC Microbiol, 2020, 20(1):171

PubMed: 32560675 ( click the link to review the publication )

Environ Toxicol, 2020, 10.1002/tox.22942

PubMed: 32485087 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 2020, 10.1007/s10557-020-07117-3

PubMed: 33242203 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 521(2):492-498

PubMed: 31677783 ( click the link to review the publication )

Onco Targets Ther, 2020, 2;13:2757-2769

PubMed: 32308411 ( click the link to review the publication )
Int J Gen Med, 2020, 13:1495-1507

PubMed: 33328759 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 121:109669

PubMed: 31766100 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Ethnopharmacol, 2020, S0378-8741(20)33532-7

PubMed: 33264660 ( click the link to review the publication )

Curr Eye Res, 2020, 10.1080/02713683

PubMed: 31951764 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1):13124

PubMed: 32753665 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 524(4):1064-1071

PubMed: 32070494 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neuroreport, 2020, 31(14):1007-1014

PubMed: 32815825 ( click the link to review the publication )

Transl Res, 2020, S1931-5244(20)30250-4

PubMed: 33129993 ( click the link to review the publication )

Brain Inj, 2020, 34(9):1277-1282

PubMed: 32749897 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 10.1111/jcmm.15665

PubMed: 32705806 ( click the link to review the publication )

Bone, 2020, 141:115573

PubMed: 32768686 ( click the link to review the publication )

Genome Biol, 2020, 21(1):174

PubMed: 32669109 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Chin Med, 2020, 48(1):223-244

PubMed: 32054305 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oral Dis, 2020, 10.1111

PubMed: 32176411 ( click the link to review the publication )

Onco Targets Ther, 2020, 13:7165-7176

PubMed: 32801748 ( click the link to review the publication )

Anim Biotechnol, 2020, 1-13

PubMed: 32657254 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Transl Res, 2020, 12(7):3557-3576

PubMed: 32774719 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(8):4480-4493

PubMed: 32168416 ( click the link to review the publication )

Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2020, 7

PubMed: 32378175 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1-:1128

PubMed: 30850660 ( click the link to review the publication )

EMBO J, 2019, 38(12)

PubMed: 31068361 ( click the link to review the publication )

Dev Cell, 2019, 51(5):602-616.e12

PubMed: 31794718 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2019, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2486

PubMed: 31253668 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Res, 2019, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-1555

PubMed: 31744816 ( click the link to review the publication )
BMC Med, 2019, 17(1):42

PubMed: 30782145 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2019, 38(49):7433-7446

PubMed: 31427736 ( click the link to review the publication )

EBioMedicine, 2019, 42:326-339

PubMed: 30879923 ( click the link to review the publication )

Antioxid Redox Signal, 2019, 31(12):804-818

PubMed: 31088299 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2019, 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.016

PubMed: 31352079 ( click the link to review the publication )

Emerg Microbes Infect, 2019, 8(1):934-945

PubMed: 31237474 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancers (Basel), 2019, 11(1)E75

PubMed: 30641867 ( click the link to review the publication )

Free Radic Biol Med, 2019, 141:21-33

PubMed: 31167117 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Clin Med, 2019, 8(6)

PubMed: 31238539 ( click the link to review the publication )

FASEB J, 2019,

PubMed: 30458112 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Commun Signal, 2019, 17(1):75

PubMed: 31307477 ( click the link to review the publication )

Aging (Albany NY), 2019, 11(22):10610-10625

PubMed: 31785145 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Prolif, 2019, 52(3):e12575

PubMed: 30838710 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019, 10(1):80

PubMed: 30849996 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019, 10(1):350

PubMed: 31775870 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2019, 2019:4546975

PubMed: 31049135 ( click the link to review the publication )

Pharmacol Res, 2019, 143:73-85

PubMed: 30862605 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2019, 39(2):175-186

PubMed: 31354091 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(11):20779-20789

PubMed: 31025337 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(4):4504-4514

PubMed: 30246502 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(6):8846-8861

PubMed: 30317597 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Oncol, 2019, 9:1244

PubMed: 31799197 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2019, 23(2):920-933

PubMed: 30394679 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):840

PubMed: 30696869 ( click the link to review the publication )
Int J Biol Sci, 2019, 15(8):1685-1695

PubMed: 31360111 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Microbiol, 2019,

PubMed: 32038504 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Biol Chem, 2019, 294(18):7221-7230

PubMed: 30846565 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Biol Chem, 2019, 294(9):3284-3293

PubMed: 30573683 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Biol Macromol, 2019, 135:212-225

PubMed: 31108149 ( click the link to review the publication )

Gene, 2019, 683:195-209

PubMed: 30340049 ( click the link to review the publication )

Inflammopharmacology, 2019, 27(3):561-571

PubMed: 30251233 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mar Drugs, 2019, 17(1)E36

PubMed: 30626153 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Manag Res, 2019, 11:839-855

PubMed: 30697076 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Manag Res, 2019, 11:2653-2661

PubMed: 31114328 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2019, 362:59-66

PubMed: 30352208 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Signal, 2019, 54:17-26

PubMed: 30471465 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2019, 116:109032

PubMed: 31163381 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biochem, 2019, 120(8):12500-12507

PubMed: 30834595 ( click the link to review the publication )

Life Sci, 2019, 229:1-12

PubMed: 30910647 ( click the link to review the publication )

Phytother Res, 2019, 33(8):2102-2117

PubMed: 31209984 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Cell Res, 2019, 379(1):65-72

PubMed: 30898547 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2019, 13(4):625-636

PubMed: 30770650 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Cycle, 2019, 18(21):2928-2938

PubMed: 31496351 ( click the link to review the publication )

Chem Biol Interact, 2019, 310:108741

PubMed: 31299238 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2019, 145(2):411-427

PubMed: 30483898 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Transl Res, 2019, 11(9):5824-5835

PubMed: 31632551 ( click the link to review the publication )

Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2019, 43(11):2344-2353

PubMed: 31498445 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int Immunopharmacol, 2019, 77:105955

PubMed: 31678866 ( click the link to review the publication )
Toxicol In Vitro, 2019, 56:156-162

PubMed: 30677511 ( click the link to review the publication )

Molecules, 2019, 24(6)

PubMed: 30901941 ( click the link to review the publication )

Molecules, 2019, 24(6)

PubMed: 30889805 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2019, 41(6):3292-3304

PubMed: 31002345 ( click the link to review the publication )

Free Radic Res, 2019, 53(3):348-358

PubMed: 30773942 ( click the link to review the publication )

Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2019, 10.1016/j

PubMed: 31422034 ( click the link to review the publication )

Environ Toxicol, 2019, 34(6):679-688

PubMed: 30801954 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Reprod Immunol, 2019, 81(1):e13073

PubMed: 30461130 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.110

PubMed: 31761326 ( click the link to review the publication )

Lipids Health Dis, 2019, 18(1):71

PubMed: 30909920 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019:3851718

PubMed: 30993112 ( click the link to review the publication )

Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai), 2019, 51(10):1056-1063

PubMed: 31555794 ( click the link to review the publication )

Med Sci Monit, 2019, 25:6491-6503

PubMed: 31465316 ( click the link to review the publication )

Med Sci Monit, 2019, 25:7666-7674

PubMed: 31605603 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biochem Biophys, 2019, 77(4):367-377

PubMed: 31659617 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Reprogram, 2019, 21(5):238-248

PubMed: 31369321 ( click the link to review the publication )

Life Sci, 2019, 235:116863

PubMed: 31513817 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biosci Rep, 2019, 39(11)

PubMed: 31548362 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancers (Basel), 2019, 11(6)E840

PubMed: 31216681 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicol Lett, 2019, 301:98-107

PubMed: 30481581 ( click the link to review the publication )

Commun Biol, 2019, 2:359

PubMed: 31602408 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech, 2019, 1862(8):846-857

PubMed: 31054961 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Chin Med, 2019, 913-931

PubMed: 31096773 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2019, 200(5):617-627

PubMed: 30817168 ( click the link to review the publication )
Nutrients, 2019, 11(4)E782

PubMed: 30987344 ( click the link to review the publication )

Elife, 2018, 7

PubMed: 29595474 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2018,

PubMed: 29059160 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2018, 37(24):3275-3289

PubMed: 29551771 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 37(1):113

PubMed: 29866133 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 17;37(1):8

PubMed: 29343273 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(12):1140

PubMed: 30442927 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Death Dis, 2018, 9(11):1052

PubMed: 30323190 ( click the link to review the publication )

Br J Cancer, 2018, 119(9):1094-1105

PubMed: 30401978 ( click the link to review the publication )

Front Immunol, 2018, 9:2033

PubMed: 30283437 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Oncol, 2018, 12(2):224-238

PubMed: 29193645 ( click the link to review the publication )

Hum Reprod, 2018, 33(11):2096-2106

PubMed: 30272163 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cancer, 2018, 9(23):4449-4462

PubMed: 30519351 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids, 2018, 1863(2):177-190

PubMed: 29217477 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018:4572893

PubMed: 30538801 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res, 2018, 1865(1):57-66

PubMed: 28964848 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Virol, 2018, 92(8)

PubMed: 29386287 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Mol Med, 2018, 22(7):3340-3352

PubMed: 29566307 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1-:10070

PubMed: 29968778 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):3120

PubMed: 29449636 ( click the link to review the publication )

Stem Cells Int, 2018, 2018:9793845

PubMed: 30693038 ( click the link to review the publication )

Inflammopharmacology, 2018, 10.1007/s10787-018-0492-y

PubMed: 29748880 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 105:320-325

PubMed: 29864620 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 105:282-289

PubMed: 29860220 ( click the link to review the publication )
Tissue Eng Part A, 2018, 24(5-6):502-515

PubMed: 28602124 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cell Biochem, 2018, 119(1):300-313

PubMed: 28569433 ( click the link to review the publication )

Chem Res Toxicol, 2018, 31(2):127-136

PubMed: 29156121 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Agric Food Chem, 2018, 66(41):10721-10728

PubMed: 30257559 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Adh Migr, 2018, 12(2):109-117

PubMed: 25588050 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2018, 144(8):1487-1501

PubMed: 29858683 ( click the link to review the publication )

Toxicology, 2018, 408:62-69

PubMed: 29981841 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Transl Res, 2018, 10(8):2555-2566

PubMed: 30210692 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Med, 2018,

PubMed: 29239135 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochimie, 2018, 152:43-52

PubMed: 29960031 ( click the link to review the publication )

Molecules, 2018,

PubMed: 30513793 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2018, 40(1):29-38

PubMed: 29749533 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2018, 40(2):775-782

PubMed: 29901173 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neurochem Res, 2018, 43(10-:1963-1977

PubMed: 30136162 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2018, 13(9):e0203402

PubMed: 30192802 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2018, 13(5):e0197422

PubMed: 29763460 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2018, 13(7):e0200878

PubMed: 30048489 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 496(4):1291-1295

PubMed: 29412164 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biochem Funct, 2018, 36(3):155-165

PubMed: 29441602 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biol Int, 2018, 42(5):598-607

PubMed: 29345412 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Lett, 2018, 15(5):7443-7449

PubMed: 29731895 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Lett, 2018, 15(6):8442-8446

PubMed: 29805580 ( click the link to review the publication )

In Vivo, 2018, 32(3):549-554

PubMed: 29695559 ( click the link to review the publication )

In Vivo, 2018, 32(6):1361-1368

PubMed: 30348689 ( click the link to review the publication )
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2018, 37(1):115

PubMed: 29866191 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Agric Food Chem, 2018, 66(31):8307-8318

PubMed: 29961319 ( click the link to review the publication )

Sci Total Environ, 2018, 643:496-506

PubMed: 29945085 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Clin Invest, 2017, 127(1):153-168

PubMed: 27893461 ( click the link to review the publication )

Nat Commun, 2017, 8:15776

PubMed: 28585539 ( click the link to review the publication )

Dev Cell, 2017, 41(5):527-539.e5

PubMed: 28586645 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncogene, 2017, 36(46):6359-6373

PubMed: 28745319 ( click the link to review the publication )

Antioxid Redox Signal, 2017, 27(2):73-92

PubMed: 27650197 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2017, 395:31-44

PubMed: 28268166 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cancer Lett, 2017, 401:1-10

PubMed: 28483515 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS Pathog, 2017, 13(4):e1006321

PubMed: 28394926 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Physiol Biochem, 2017, 41(5):1957-1969

PubMed: 28391263 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Cell Proteomics, 2017, 16(9):1694-1704

PubMed: 28674151 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Neurochem, 2017, 142(2):231-245

PubMed: 28444734 ( click the link to review the publication )

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2017, 171:318-327

PubMed: 28529129 ( click the link to review the publication )

Endocrinology, 2017, 158(10):3281-3291

PubMed: 28651331 ( click the link to review the publication )

Immunol Cell Biol, 2017, 95(10):943-952

PubMed: 28878297 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 89:1037-1044

PubMed: 28292012 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 87:332-341

PubMed: 28064106 ( click the link to review the publication )

Brain Res Bull, 2017, 130:236-244

PubMed: 28189515 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Cell Res, 2017, 360(2):281-291

PubMed: 28919123 ( click the link to review the publication )

Chem Biol Interact, 2017, 270:1-8

PubMed: 28390675 ( click the link to review the publication )

Am J Transl Res, 2017, 9(6):2878-2890

PubMed: 28670376 ( click the link to review the publication )

Dev Comp Immunol, 2017, 76:392-402

PubMed: 28713009 ( click the link to review the publication )
Oncol Rep, 2017, 38(1):591-597

PubMed: 28560404 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncol Rep, 2017, 37(2):1036-1044

PubMed: 28000898 ( click the link to review the publication )

Int J Mol Med, 2017, 39(1):217-222

PubMed: 27878250 ( click the link to review the publication )

Neurochem Res, 2017, 10.1007/s11064-017-2174-3

PubMed: 28083849 ( click the link to review the publication )

PLoS One, 2017, 12(12):e0189920

PubMed: 29261770 ( click the link to review the publication )

Onco Targets Ther, 2017, 10:627-643

PubMed: 28223821 ( click the link to review the publication )

DNA Cell Biol, 2017, 36(11):1029-1038

PubMed: 28945461 ( click the link to review the publication )

Exp Dermatol, 2017, 26(5):409-415

PubMed: 27762043 ( click the link to review the publication )

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2017, 492(2):206-211

PubMed: 28821432 ( click the link to review the publication )

Food Nutr Res, 2017, 61(1):1368321

PubMed: 28970779 ( click the link to review the publication )

Microb Pathog, 2017, 10.1016/j.micpath

PubMed: 28131949 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biochem Funct, 2017, 35(5):278-286

PubMed: 28749079 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Biol Int, 2017, 41(12):1307-1315

PubMed: 28816402 ( click the link to review the publication )

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2017, 2017:5985703

PubMed: 28167972 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Med Rep, 2017, 16(2):1445-1450

PubMed: 29067463 ( click the link to review the publication )

Mol Med Rep, 2017, 16(2):1417-1424

PubMed: 28627644 ( click the link to review the publication )

Poult Sci, 2017, 96(9):3043-3051

PubMed: 28431078 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2017, 8(35):58417-58429

PubMed: 28938567 ( click the link to review the publication )

Drug Discov Ther, 2017, 11(4):212-217

PubMed: 28867754 ( click the link to review the publication )

Cell Prolif, 2017, 50(1)

PubMed: 27790820 ( click the link to review the publication )

Anesthesiology, 2017, 126(5):868-881

PubMed: 28121635 ( click the link to review the publication )

Oncotarget, 2017, 8(15):24237-24249

PubMed: 27458161 ( click the link to review the publication )

Menopause, 2017, 24(4):437-451

PubMed: 27922937 ( click the link to review the publication )

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Purity & Quality Control

Choose Selective MEK Inhibitors

Biological Activity

Description

Features

Does not inhibit c-Raf phosphorylated MEK1.

Targets

AhR ^[1] (Cell-free assay)	MEK1 ^[1] (Cell-free assay)
1 μM	2 μM

In vitro

PD98059 inhibits either basal MEK1 or a partially activated MEK produced by mutation of serine at residues 218 and 222 to glutamate (MEK-2E) with IC50 of 2 μM. PD98059 does not inhibit the MAPK homologues JNK and P38. PD98059 is highly selective against MEK, as it does not inhibit a number of other kinase activities including Raf kinase, cAMP-dependent kinase, protein kinase C, v-Src, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase, insulin receptor kinase, PDGF receptor kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. PD98059 inhibits PDGF-stimulated activation of MAPK and thymidine incorporation into 3T3 cells with IC50 of ~10 μM and ~7 μM, respectively. ^[1] PD98059 potently prevents the activation of MEK1 by Raf or MEK kinase with IC50 of 4 μM, and weakly inhibits the activation of MEK2 by Raf with IC50 of 50 μM. PD98059 does not inhibit the activation of MEK homologues MKK4 and RK kinase that participate in stress and interleukin-1-stimulated kinase cascades in KB and PC12 cells, and the activation of p70 S6 kinase by insulin or epidermal growth factor in Swiss 3T3 cells. ^[2] PD98059 completely blocks the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 cells without altering cell viability. ^[3] PD98059 inhibits the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in the culture containing RANKL in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an apparent decrease of TRAP-positive cells. ^[4]

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID
A2780	NF\NVm1HfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NILM[nYzOMLizszN	MkfJNUBp		NIrZbmFjdG:la4OgSHRETC2rbnT1Z4VlKESUNTDlfJBz\XO\|aX;u	MoT2QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN4OU[4OlIoRjJ\|Nkm2PFYzRC:jPh?=
AML 1#	M4jxW2Fxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	M{CwOFIxyqEQvF2=	NW[1blY1OTJiaB?=		MV;lcohidmOnczDj[YxtKGGyb4D0c5NqeyCrbnT1Z4VlKGK7IGOx	M3\r[lxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|N{C2OlkyLz5{M{ewOlY6OTxxYU6=
KG-1	NE[3bZVCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	NEnxc24zOMLizszN	MkXENVIhcA>?		NHPBdFFmdmijbnPld{Bk\WyuIHHwc5B1d3OrczDpcoR2[2WmIHL5JHMy	NGjseXU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{ewOlY6OSd-MkO3NFY3QTF:L3G+
HUVECs	NIO2R25CeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	M4fTUFIwPCEQvF2=	NGjMN3AzPC92ODDo		NXHPcGRycW6mdXPld{Bk\WyuIHTlZZRp	MlXnQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN5MEe1NlAoRjJ\|N{C3OVIxRC:jPh?=
HepG2	M1KyPGZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MUCyNOKh\|ryP	NXz1endxOjRiaB?=		MXfpcohq[mm2czD0bIUhUE9vMTDwdo91\WmwIHX4dJJme3Orb36gZ48ufHKnYYTl[EB4cXSqIH3leIZwem2rbh?=	MVK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzdyN{[wPUc,OjN5MEe2NFk9N2F-
NB4	NUjxOWtESXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	M3jGNFExNzJyL{[wJO69VQ>?	NHnTdXkyNjViaB?=	NWLPTpluTE2VTx?=	M{j0d4Rm[3KnYYPld{Bk\WyuII\pZYJqdGm2eTDjc{11emWjdHXkJJdqfGhiUHHjcIl1[XinbB?=	NGjaNYg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{ezOVU1OSd-MkO3N\|U2PDF:L3G+
BxPC-3 cells	M376Zmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NGfXblEzOMLizszN	NHHycIIxNjViaB?=		NH;3bmZqdmirYnn0d{BXTUeILVGtdoVofWyjdHXkJGhWXkWFIHfyc5d1cCCjbnSgeJVj\SCob4LtZZRqd25iaX7keYNm\CCkeTDQRXIuOiCDUB?=	MoqzQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN5NkSwOFYoRjJ\|N{[0NFQ3RC:jPh?=
MKN45	M3T6W2Fxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NH7yd3oyOCEQvF5CpC=>	NHPqTYczPCCq		NUHLfJhGcW6lcnXhd4V{KHSqZTDERXBVNWmwZIXj[YQh[2WubDDhdI9xfG:\|aYO=	M2\iTVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|N{myOVg5Lz5{M{e5NlU5QDxxYU6=
SGC7901	MXvBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NH;ibZkyOCEQvF5CpC=>	MYCyOEBp		NIS0NVlqdmO{ZXHz[ZMhfGinIFTBVHQucW6mdXPl[EBk\WyuIHHwc5B1d3Orcx?=	MXW8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOzd7MkW4PEc,OjN5OUK1PFg9N2F-
MKN45	MlvpSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NELibWYyOCEQvF5CpC=>	NUSyN4U1OjRiaB?=		NEniVYRqdmirYnn0d{B1cGViZYjwdoV{e2mxbjDv[kBxcG:\|cHjvdplt[XSnZDDFVmsyNzJ?	MnjNQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjN5OUK1PFgoRjJ\|N{myOVg5RC:jPh?=
SGC7901	MWDHdo94fGhiSX7obYJqfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NWT5VIpEOTBizszNxsA>	M1\GclI1NzR6L{eyJIg>		NVzjOXBWcW6qaXLpeJMh[2WubDDndo94fGhiY3:teJJm[XSnZDD3bZRpKESDUGS=	NU\NSI5HRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO3PVI2QDhpPkKzO\|kzPTh6PD;hQi=>
MKN45	M17nNmdzd3e2aDDJcohq[mm2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M4PhbVExKM7:TdMg	MkfhNlQwPDhxN{KgbC=>		MXfpcohq[mm2czDj[YxtKGe{b4f0bEBkdy22cnXheIVlKHerdHigSGFRXA>?	NVnZVnI{RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO3PVI2QDhpPkKzO\|kzPTh6PD;hQi=>
SGC7901	NHT6dIpHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MoHMNVAh\|ryPwrC=	M175d\|I1KGh?		NYfVelI3cW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIHX4dJJme3Orb36gc4YheGixc4Doc5J6dGG2ZXSgSXJMOS9{	NGG3ZoM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{e5NlU5QCd-MkO3PVI2QDh:L3G+
HUASMCs	NELLZnRHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MWmxNEDPxE4EoB?=	M3TCclI1KGh?		NYXUVHlC\GmvaX7pd4hmeyCDbnegTWku[2G3c3XkJHNQS1N\|IH3SUmEh[W6mIIDyc5RmcW5iZYjwdoV{e2mxbtMg	NEn2R2E9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{ixOlQ3QCd-MkO4NVY1Pjh:L3G+
HUASMCs	MlTrSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NUXWUow2OTBizszNxsA>	NHf5WIwzPCCq		Ml\6bY5pcWKrdIOgRY5oKEmLLXnu[JVk\WRiRWLLNU8zKHCqb4PwbI9zgWyjdHnvckBt\X[nbB?=	M3zoTlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|OEG2OFY5Lz5{M{ixOlQ3QDxxYU6=
EPOR/CR3	NXjtVZBvTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NF7L[2I2OMLizszN	NFPrVXc{KGh?		MknNdoVlfWOnczDFVG8h[W6mL3;yJGlNNTNvaX7keYNm\CC2aHWgeJlzd3OrbnWgdIhwe3Cqb4L5cIF1cW:wwrC=	M3PPNlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|OEKwO\|MyLz5{M{iyNFc{OTxxYU6=
NB4	NXrlW3U5TnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NV3OWmNXOTBizszNxsA>	MlLoO\|IhcA>?	MUXEUXNQ	NVXzbJFtcW6qaXLpeJMh\GG\|YYTpcoljNWmwZIXj[YQhS0RzMXKg[ZhxemW\|c3nvci=>	NEf6cVY9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{iyOVU5PSd-MkO4NlU2QDV:L3G+
HL60	MmTZSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	M3HYVlIxyqEQvF2=	NIjoNHY4OiCq	Mn35SG1UVw>?	M3S4ZolvcGmkaYTzJIRie2G2aX7pZk1qdmS3Y3XkJGNFOTGkIHX4dJJme3Orb36=	NXG3OGlrRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO4NlU2QDVpPkKzPFI2PTh3PD;hQi=>
HUVECs	M1;JR2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NV\udpc6OjVizszN	MkTtNUBp		NIq2bJNqdmO{ZXHz[UBPTi4QulKgdFY2KG63Y3zlZZIhfHKjboPsc4NifGmxbh?=	NWrscnBlRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkO5NFExODhpPkKzPVAyODB6PD;hQi=>
LNCaP	MoDDSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MYSxNEDPxE4EoB?=	MoCyNUBp		NF7UNZJl\WO{ZXHz[ZMhfGinIFXHSkB2eHKnZ4XsZZRm\CCyLWnCMVE>	M3XET\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ\|OEO4N\|E5Lz5{M{izPFMyQDxxYU6=
HL-60	MWPBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NILw[HQ2OMLizszN	MmOxNUBp		Mnn1doV{[3WnczDCRVE1PSCvZXTpZZRm\CCjcH;weI9{cXN?	NHq3OWU9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{m0PFc2OSd-MkO5OFg4PTF:L3G+
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TE5	NULm[3lJTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MXK1NEDPxE1?	Mn;OOFghcA>?	MU\EUXNQ	MWn1dJJm\3WuYYTld{B1cGViZYjwdoV{e2mxbjDv[kBJVEFiY3zhd5MhUQ>?	Mnq2QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR{NESwNlMoRjJ2MkS0NFI{RC:jPh?=
TE1	NIjOdYxHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NWjNeGpkPTBizszN	MUO0PEBp	MnnXSG1UVw>?	NVLCU4FQfXC{ZXf1cIF1\XNidHjlJIV5eHKnc4Ppc44hd2ZiSFzBJINt[XO\|IFm=	MorRQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR{NESwNlMoRjJ2MkS0NFI{RC:jPh?=
TE3	MkHZSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NFjBOHc2OCEQvF2=	NI\MNpc1QCCq	NFTpToFFVVOR	MoTVeZBz\We3bHH0[ZMhfGinIHX4dJJme3Orb36gc4YhUEyDIHPsZZN{KEl?	MlXEQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR{NESwNlMoRjJ2MkS0NFI{RC:jPh?=
KYSE30	MlfXSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NUPtW3BDOjBxNUCvNVAxKM7:TR?=	NGX3Z\|U1QCCq	MnzOSG1UVw>?	NFPucXNqdmirYnn0d{BxNUW{azDhcoQhf2:{dH3hco5qdiCmb4fudoVofWyjdHXkJJAuSWu2IHnuJIEh\G:\|ZT3k[ZBmdmSnboSgcYFvdmW{	NXG3elV[RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkSyOFQxOjNpPkK0NlQ1ODJ\|PD;hQi=>
TE1	MmPQSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MV2yNE82OC9zMECg{txO	NUL1OHplPDhiaB?=	NEKyXnpFVVOR	M2\lV4lvcGmkaYTzJJAuTXKtIHHu[EB4d3K2bXHucolvKGSxd37y[Yd2dGG2ZXSgdE1Cc3RiaX6gZUBld3OnLXTldIVv\GWwdDDtZY5v\XJ?	M{DVZlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2MkS0NFI{Lz5{NEK0OFAzOzxxYU6=
TE4	MWDGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M1;vVFIxNzVyL{GwNEDPxE1?	NUDteGZoPDhiaB?=	M2nXZmROW09?	MXrpcohq[mm2czDwMWVzcyCjbnSge49zfG2jbn7pckBld3ewcnXneYxifGWmIICtRYt1KGmwIHGg[I9{\S2mZYDlcoRmdnRibXHucoVz	MUC8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDJ2NECyN{c,OjR{NESwNlM9N2F-
HT29	M{jXd2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	MXmxNEDPxE1?	NVrJTVJ[OiCq		M1LxcYlvcGmkaYTzJI9nKEqDS{KsJGVTUzFxMjDhcoQhW1SDVEOgdIhwe3Cqb4L5cIF1cW:w	NHXvVXM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEK2OVI6Oyd-MkSyOlUzQTN:L3G+
HepG2	MVHBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	MUeyNEDPxE1?	NELuNmEzPCCq		MmXTbY5pcWKrdIOgSXJMOS9{IIDoc5NxcG:{eXzheIlwdiCjbnSg[Y5p[W6lZYOgWmIyNWmwZIXj[YQh[XCxcITvd4l{	MnPCQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR{NEe5NFkoRjJ2MkS3PVA6RC:jPh?=
HepG2	Mn7XSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MXSyNEDPxE1?	M3rPVlIhcA>?		NHTJVotmdmijbnPld{BXSjFvaX7keYNm\CCIT2jPN4EhfHKjboPjdolxfGmxbnHsJIFkfGm4aYT5	M4DoUFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2MkS3PVA6Lz5{NEK0O\|kxQTxxYU6=
MC-3	NEL1[HNCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=	MoHkNVAh\|ryP	Mo\rNlQhcA>?		M2fMfJBwfGWwdHnheIVlKE2HU1OtbY5lfWOnZDDhdI9xfG:\|aYOgbY4hKGOnbHzz	MXK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDJ5MEWyN{c,OjR{N{C1NlM9N2F-
Raji	NUfid5BUTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NXPEO25SOTBizszN	M173NlEhcA>?		MWPicI9kc3NiaIPCRWZHKGmwZIXj[YQhTXKtMT:yJJBpd3OyaH;yfYxifGmxbh?=	NWLPeWV6RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkSyOlk3OzBpPkK0NlY6PjNyPD;hQi=>
Raji	NIDKNXpIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MWWxNEDPxE1?	NYLmSmZLOSCq		NWfRNopncW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIHLhd4FtKG:{IHjzRmFHTi2\|dHnteYxifGWmIHPlcIwheHKxbHnm[ZJifGmxbjDhcoQhfmmjYnnsbZR6	NH\yeJg9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEK2PVY{OCd-MkSyOlk3OzB:L3G+
A549	M2rkR2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M2\lNlMxKM7:TR?=	NFzySWgxNjViaB?=	MVHEUXNQ	MlXQbY5pcWKrdIOgeIhzd22kaX6tbY5lfWOnZDDDM2VDWM7{IGTodlI{PcLicHjvd5Bpd3K7bHH0bY9v	MnX6QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR{N{e2PVYoRjJ2Mke3Olk3RC:jPh?=
HCSMCs	NFXPdFJIem:5dHigTY5pcWKrdHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	MVKxNEDPxE1?	NIrjTZgzPCCq		MlHYZoxw[2u\|IF\BRnA1NWmwZIXj[YQhUEODU13DJJBzd2yrZnXyZZRqd25?	MYK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDNzMkO4NUc,OjR\|MUKzPFE9N2F-
PANC-1	MkH3SpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NXmyfZBYOjBizszN	M{Owd\|Q5KGh?		NHTrVoRqdmirYnn0d{B1cGViZYjwdoV{e2mxbjDv[kDPnD[GIHnuJJJme3CxboPlJJRwKHSqZTDQVGFT\|rUEoHHnc45qe3UEoB?=	MmLNQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR{OUSxN\|MoRjJ2Mkm0NVM{RC:jPh?=
A549	M{nvN2Z2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	M4nsR\|MxKM7:TR?=	MoXSNE42KGh?	NVy3RXk1TE2VTx?=	NWHhZ4V4cW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIITodo9u[mmwLXnu[JVk\WRiSVytPE9EYEOOOD3MeYMh[WO2aY\peJk>	MV68ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDJ5N{[5Okc,OjR{N{e2PVY9N2F-
SW480	NHLxXJpHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NWDPdXYzOTBizszN	NFzWRlYzOCCq	MWTEUXNQ	M3WyVJN2eHC{ZYPz[ZMhfGinIFPSWEBi[3Srdnn0fS=>	NGPyV5g9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEOyOFM3Pid-MkSzNlQ{PjZ:L3G+
HEK 293	M320WWZ2dmO2aX;uJGF{e2G7	NUnNTW91OTBizszN	M13WdFUhcA>?	MmDCSG1UVw>?	NXPFfnhFcW6qaXLpeJMhX262LXnu[JVk\WRizsKtZ4F1\W6rbj;UR2Y1KGGldHn2bZR6KGGwZDDueYNt\WG{IN8yMYNifGWwaX6gZYNkfW23bHH0bY9v	Ml;FQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR\|MkSzOlYoRjJ2M{K0N\|Y3RC:jPh?=
HEK 293	NECxWnpHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	Mn\DNVAh\|ryP	MornOUBp	NFniWI5FVVOR	Mk\nd5VxeHKnc4Pld{B1cGViQ2LUJIFkfGm4aYT5	MWK8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDN{NEO2Okc,OjR\|MkSzOlY9N2F-
HL-60	MYPGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MXexNE8zOCEQvF2=	NXjrO2lqOSCq		NWLISI1TcW6qaXLpeJMhfGinwrDOMkBkcGmwZX7zbZNmgHS{YXP0xsBqdmS3Y3XkJIRq\m[ncnXueIlifGmxbjDpcpRwKGe{YX71cI9kgXSncx?=	NFrBPGc9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NEO1O\|AzOCd-MkSzOVcxOjB:L3G+
HL-60	MoTYSpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	MX:yJOK2VQ>?	NHzZVooyPiCq	M1rEUWROW09?	MUjpcohq[mm2czD0bIUh[XO\|b3PpZZRqd25ib3[gdHM3OjFiUnHmMVEh[W6mIF7GRXRkOyxiYX7kJJRp\SCUQT3pcoR2[2WmIIDoc5NxcG:{eXzheIlwdiCxZjDueYNt\WG{IF7GRXRkOw>?	MmfvQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR\|M{CwOlgoRjJ2M{OwNFY5RC:jPh?=
HeLa	NYPrdWRQTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	NFW4dVY2OCEQvF2=	NYTBS4VzOC53IHi=		M4PJTYJtd2OtczDUVnguOSCwdXPs[YFzKG2rZ4LheIlwdiCjbnSgWHhPUVBiZH;3ck1z\We3bHH0bY9v	M2HQeFxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2M{e2PFI4Lz5{NEO3OlgzPzxxYU6=
HUVECs	NIS4RnBHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	M4e2b\|ExyqEQvF2=	MX[xJIg>		NV;oTnZ1cW6qaXLpeJMhfGinIFjEUEBz\WS3Y3XkJGNQYC1{IHX4dJJme3Orb36gZY5lKFCJST2yJJJmdGWjc3W=	M33Eb\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2M{i1NVA6Lz5{NEO4OVExQTxxYU6=
MCF-7	MnK3SpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NHLNZpQyOMLizszN	M1fnRVExNzNyIH3pci=>		M{Pkd5Jm\HWlZYOgeIhmKFWWUD3k[ZBmdmSnboSgSXJMKHCqb4PwbI9zgWyjdHnvci=>	MlvnQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR\|OUC4NVkoRjJ2M{mwPFE6RC:jPh?=
HGC-27	MWXBdI9xfG:\|aYOgRZN{[Xl?	NV7yUW5qOSEEtV2=	NH3vOJgyKGh?		MXXzeZBxemW\|c3XzJHJCTDByMTDwcJV{KE2NLUKyNFYucW6mdXPl[EBk\WyuII\pZYJqdGm2eTDsc5N{	NVfLbZczRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS0NVY{PDlpPkK0OFE3OzR7PD;hQi=>
PC3	M3\VXWFxd3C2b4Ppd{BCe3OjeR?=	NIXtNoQ2OCEQvF2=	MkDnNE42KGh?		NWfXfWpRcW6qaXLpeJMhVUi\LUS0PU1qdmS3Y3XkJIFxd3C2b4Ppd:Kh	NF64b2Y9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NESyOFg5QSd-MkS0NlQ5QDl:L3G+
HPAEpiCs	MX\GeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	MoXxN\|Ah\|ryP	M2LOVFEhcA>?		M1fZU4lvcGmkaYTzJHRPTi4QsTDzeIlufWyjdHXkJJA1Oi:yNESgUWFRUyCyaH;zdIhwenmuYYTpc44>	MV28ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDR2MUi3NEc,OjR2NEG4O\|A9N2F-
BeWo	NES5[nlHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NEjwO3gyOMLizszN	MWqyJIg>		NH\RO\|hqdmirYnn0d{BGWktzL{K=	M3L2XlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2NEOzPFQ3Lz5{NESzN\|g1PjxxYU6=
A498	MmLsRZBweHSxc3nzJGF{e2G7	NHPFWGU2OMLizszN	NXv1WGVnOjRiaB?=		MV\wc5RmdnSrYYTld:KhfGinIIDyc{1ieG:ydH;0bYMh\W[oZXP0d{Bw\iCQQx?=	MlfEQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR3MEi0O\|YoRjJ2NUC4OFc3RC:jPh?=
NHBE	NF7WU2xHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NGHmSnIzNzJyIN88US=>	MmexNkBp		NUXYe4N6[XS2ZX71ZZRmeyCLTD2zN{B{fGmvdXzheIVlKEO[Q1y4M2lNNThic3XjdoV1cW:w	MnixQIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjR2N{m1NlYoRjJ2NEe5OVI3RC:jPh?=
A375	NVm1dHRXS2WubDDJcpZie2mxbjDBd5NigQ>?	M17BO\|Ex6oDVMkCgxtVO	NGHi[nUzPCCq		M4fvdZJm\HWlZYOgcYVt[W6xbXGgZ4VtdCCrbo\hd4lwdg>?	NXXG[Vl4RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkS0OlYxOzZpPkK0OFY3ODN4PD;hQi=>
HBMEC	NGrmWFlHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NWrCeGFYOTBizszN	NG\3Z2wyKGh?		MXficI9kc3NiVlXHSk1qdmS3Y3XkJGVxcEF{IHX4dJJme3Orb36=	MYe8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPDR3OEm4Nkc,OjR2NUi5PFI9N2F-
HCT-15	NWX3N3hCTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=		MV6xJIg>		Mn\2ZZR1\W63YYTld{BRT0V{LXnu[JVk\WRicHjvd5Bpd3K7bHH0bY9vKG:oIFXyb:Kh	NHLpOWw9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUSzNVQzPSd-MkW0N\|E1OjV:L3G+
HCT-15	NIOwTHhCeG:ydH;zbZMhSXO\|YYm=		M2rUb\|EhcA>?		MmjDZYJwdGm\|aHXzJJRp\SCycn;0[YN1cX[nIHXm[oVkfHNib3[gVGdGOsLiYXfhbY5{fCCldYLjeY1qdi2rbnT1Z4VlKGGyb4D0c5Nqew>?	M3nmR\|xiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3NEOxOFI2Lz5{NUSzNVQzPTxxYU6=
786-O	NUDzSHJKSXCxcITvd4l{KEG\|c3H5	MX21NOKh\|ryP	Ml\iNlQhcA>?		M1HlUZBwfGWwdHnheIV{yqC2aHWgdJJwNWGyb4D0c5Rq[yCnZn\lZ5R{KG:oIF7D	M3G0NlxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ2NUC4OFc3Lz5{NEWwPFQ4PjxxYU6=
HepG2	MnzES5Jwf3SqIFnubIljcXSrb36gRZN{[Xl?	MXyyNEDPxE1?	NYn3NmR1OjRiaB?=		NHvYb4J{fXCycnXzd4V{KFSJRj5OtlEucW6mdXPl[EBk\WyuIIDyc4xq\mW{YYTpc44h[W6mIHnueoF{cW:w	Mm\5QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjV3NkC0PFgoRjJ3NU[wOFg5RC:jPh?=
SW480	NUjvZXpmTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	M3\ReVIxyqEQvF2=	MYOxxsBp		MkG3doVlfWOnczD0bIUh\XiycnXzd4lwdiCxZjDBWGY{KHC{b4TlbY4>	NHHpRW49[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUS0O\|gyPid-MkW0OFc5OTZ:L3G+
MDA-MB-231	MmP3SpVv[3Srb36gRZN{[Xl?	NFvBfVMzPSEQvF2=	MkPnNk0{KGh?		MYTk[YNz\WG\|ZYOgdE1GWktzL{KgZY5lKFNzMEDBOEBmgHC{ZYPzbY9v	MWq8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTV3NUi3OUc,OjV3NUW4O\|U9N2F-
HepG2	NFTLZ3NHfW6ldHnvckBCe3OjeR?=	NWq0V4NIOTBizszN	M4PYdVUhcA>?		M3zCbYJtd2OtczDwbI9{eGixconsZZRm\CCPQWDLd{BqdmS3Y3XkJIJ6KGW6b3flco92eyCWR1[t{tIy	NEPueoM9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUW2NFQ5QCd-MkW1OlA1QDh:L3G+
MCF-7	NUPQU\|BzTnWwY4Tpc44hSXO\|YYm=	MlTINVAh\|ryP	NIHtVYcyKGh?		NEHMOItqdmirYnn0d{BKVC1zOD3lcohidmOnZDDj[YxtKG2rZ4LheIlwdg>?	NHXPOFk9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{NUeyO\|AyOSd-MkW3NlcxOTF:L3G+
H1355	MXrGeY5kfGmxbjDBd5NigQ>?	NWT3cI45OjVizszN	NEfJWJUyKGh?		M2fiNYJtfW62czD0bIUhSlujXWCtbY5lfWOnZDDpcoNz\WG\|ZTDpckBxcG:\|cHjvMWNpczFiYX7kJJBpd3OyaH:tSXJMKGW6cILld5Nqd25?	MXO8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zPTd4OUG4NUc,OjV5NkmxPFE9N2F-
PC12	NIPJTpNHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=				M1fFOGlvcGmkaYTpc44hd2ZibnXyeoUh\3Kxd4ToJIZi[3Sxcj3t[YRq[XSnZDDNRXAhc2mwYYPlJIFkfGm4aYT5JIlvKGi3bXHuJHBEOTJiY3XscJMtKEmFNUCgQUAzKM7:TT6=	NH2wZ4Q9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9zOEC3O\|M3Oyd-MUiwO\|c{PjN:L3G+
HT-29	NFn2TW5CdnSrcILvcIln\XKjdHn2[UBie3OjeR?=		MWG1JIRigXN?		M4DXVmFvfGmycn;sbYZmemG2aY\lJIFkfGm4aYT5JIFo[Wmwc4SgbJVu[W5iSGStNlkh[2WubIOgZYZ1\XJiNTDkZZl{KGK7IGfTWFEh[XO\|YYmsJGlEPTBiPTC0JO69VS5?	NYjH[2Q3RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkWwO\|g{OTZpPkK1NFc5OzF4PD;hQi=>
IEC6	NEfr[XZHfW6ldHnvckBie3OjeR?=		M2SyN\|UhdWmwcx?=		MXzJcohq[mm2aX;uJI9nKE2HS{GvNkBqdiC{YYSgTWVEPiClZXzsd{Bie3Onc4Pl[EBieyC{ZXT1Z5Rqd25iaX6gSXJMOS9{IHzvc5AheGixc4Doc5J6dGG2aX;uJIRwe2WmIEOwJI1qdnNiYnXmc5JmKHSxIIP0bY12dGG2aX;uJJdqfGhiMUClJJNmenWvIH\vdkA2KG2rboOgZpkhcW2vdX7vZoxwfHSrbnegcYV1cG:mLDDJR\|UxKD1iND6yJO69VS5?	M3ixNVxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ3MEe4N\|E3Lz5{NUC3PFMyPjxxYU6=
NG 108-15	M2jiemZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7				M4fnOWNwdmOnboTyZZRqd25icnXxeYlz\WRidH:gZYJwdGm\|aDDNRXBMKGGldHn2bZR6KGmwIH3veZNmKG6ndYLvZoxie3SxbXGgZY5lKHKjdDDncIlwdWFiaInidollKE6JIEGwPE0yPSClZXzsd{whSWO2aY\peJkhRSBzMDFOwG0v	M{DlblxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzF3NUO3N\|U1Lz5zNUWzO\|M2PDxxYU6=
PC12	NXLZcoJFTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	NFzCVXkyOCC3TR?=	NVmzRpZDPSCqcoO=		Mny3RYN1cX[jdHnvckBw\iCQcn[yM2FTTSCrbjDyZZQhWENzMjDj[YxteyCjc4Pld5Nm\CCjczDIU{0yKHC{b4TlbY4hcW6mdXP0bY9vKGG2IEGwJJVOKGGodHXyJFUhcHK\|IIDy[ZRz\WG2ZXSge4l1cCCMTlugbY5pcWKrdH;yJHNRPjByMUK1JIZweiBzIHjyJIJm\m:{ZTDjc41xd3WwZDDh[IRqfGmxbjDifUBY\XO2ZYLuJIJtd3RiYX7hcJl{cXN?	Mnu4QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjF\|NEW2PFUoRjJzM{S1Olg2RC:jPh?=
PC12	MnvESpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	M{O3ZVExKHWP	MWC1JIhzew>?		NGjkVXVC[3SrdnH0bY9vKG:oIF7y[lIwSVKHIHnuJJJifCCSQ{GyJINmdGy\|IHHzd4V{e2WmIHHzJGhQNTFicILveIVqdiCrbnT1Z5Rqd25iYYSgNVAhfU1iYX\0[ZIhPSCqcoOgdJJmfHKnYYTl[EB4cXSqIF3FT\|IhcW6qaXLpeI9zKFVyMUK2JIZweiBzIHjyJIJm\m:{ZTDjc41xd3WwZDDh[IRqfGmxbjDifUBY\XO2ZYLuJIJtd3RiYX7hcJl{cXN?	MmW5QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjF\|NEW2PFUoRjJzM{S1Olg2RC:jPh?=
PC12	NVvGO29yTnWwY4Tpc44h[XO\|YYm=	NFPaZWoyOCC3TR?=	M4DuXFUhcHK\|		NYDTWnM2SWO2aY\heIlwdiCxZjDOdoYzN0GURTDpckBz[XRiUFOxNkBk\WyuczDhd5Nme3OnZDDhd{BJVy1zIIDyc5RmcW5iaX7keYN1cW:wIHH0JFExKHWPIHHmeIVzKDViaILzJJBz\XS{ZXH0[YQhf2m2aDDNSWsyKGmwaHnibZRweiCSREm4NFU6KG[xcjCxJIhzKGKnZn;y[UBkd22yb4Xu[EBi\GSrdHnvckBjgSCZZYP0[ZJvKGKub4SgZY5idHm\|aYO=	NVLCOXJxRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkGzOFU3QDVpPkKxN\|Q2Pjh3PD;hQi=>
HeLa	MmKzSpVv[3Srb36gZZN{[Xl?	MmfXNlAhfU1?	M{jxc\|MhcHK\|		NFXKdm5KdmirYnn0bY9vKG:oIFXST\|EwOiCyaH;zdIhwenmuYYTpc44hcW5iaIXtZY4hUGWOYTDj[YxteyCjdDCyNEB2VSCjZoTldkA{KGi{czDifUBY\XO2ZYLuJIJtd3S2aX7nJIFv[Wy7c3nz	NG\GXVI9[SC2YYLn[ZQ:L1:kbHHub{chcHKnZk2nbJR1eHN8Lz;weYJu\WRwbnPibU5vdG1wbnnoModwfi9{M{W3NFYyPSd-MkO1O\|A3OTV:L3G+
RD	MV7xTHRUKGG\|c3H5				M{nXcpFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCURDDj[Yxtew>?	Mnm0QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjl2M{WxN\|koRjJ7NEO1NVM6RC:jPh?=
NB1643	NXnLS2tieUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?				M{ezdJFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCQQkG2OFMh[2WubIO=	M{KyelxiKHSjcnfleF0oZ2KuYX7rK{BpemWoPTfoeJRxezpxL4D1Zo1m\C6wY3LpMo5tdS6waXiu[493NzJ7NEO1NVM6Lz5{OUSzOVE{QTxxYU6=
RD	NXPvOWZjeUiWUzDhd5NigQ>?				MXzxTHRUKG:oIIDl[IlifHKrYzDjZY5k\XJiY3XscEBtcW6nczD0c{Bq\GWwdHnmfUBufWy2aYDs[UBweHCxcoT1col1cWW\|IH\vdkBlenWpIILldJVzeG:\|aX7nPkBEd26oaYLtZZRwenlic3Py[YVvKG[xcjDSSEBk\Wyucx?=	NXnPWoc5RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>
SK-N-MC	MYHxTHRUKGG\|c3H5				M3;1WZFJXFNib3[gdIVlcWG2cnnjJINidmOncjDj[YxtKGyrbnXzJJRwKGmmZX70bYZ6KG23bITpdIxmKG:ycH;yeJVvcXSrZYOg[o9zKGS{dXegdoVxfXKyb4Ppcoc7KFC{aX3hdpkhe2O{ZXXuJIZweiCVSz3OMW1EKGOnbHzz	NVfL[lF2RGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>
TC32	MYLxTHRUKGG\|c3H5				NFvSOFRyUFSVIH;mJJBm\GmjdILpZ{Bk[W6lZYKgZ4VtdCCuaX7ld{B1dyCrZHXueIlngSCvdXz0bZBt\SCxcIDvdpR2dmm2aXXzJIZweiCmcoXnJJJmeHW{cH;zbY5oQiCFb37mbZJu[XSxcomgd4Nz\WWwIH\vdkBVSzN{IHPlcIx{	NY[4OFdlRGFidHHy[4V1RSehYnzhcosoKGi{ZX[9K4h1fHC\|Oj:vdJVjdWWmLn7jZokvdmyvLn7pbE5od3ZxMkm0N\|UyOzlpPkK5OFM2OTN7PD;hQi=>
MDA-MB-231	MXfGeY5kfGmxbjDhd5NigQ>?	NVrVZYliPTBidV2=			NFLlNJNFd3ewcnXneYxifGmxbjDv[kBOVVB{IHnuJIh2dWGwIF3ERU1OSi1{M{GgZ4VtdHNiYYSgOVAhfU1iYomgW4V{fGW{bjDicI91KGGwYXz5d4l{	MkX4QIEhfGG{Z3X0QUdg[myjbnunJIhz\WZ;J3j0eJB{Qi9xcIXicYVlNm6lYnmucoxuNm6raD7nc5YwOjJ7Mk[yNlYoRjJ{OUK2NlI3RC:jPh?=
MDA-MB-231	M1T3[WZ2dmO2aX;uJIF{e2G7	NEP0NFg2OCC3TR?=			NIX5c2FFd3ewcnXneYxifGmxbjDv[kBOVVB7IHnuJIh2dWGwIF3ERU1OSi1{M{GgZ4VtdHNiYYSgOVAhfU1iYomgW4V{fGW{bjDicI91KGGwYXz5d4l{	MV[8ZUB1[XKpZYS9K39jdGGwazegbJJm\j1paIT0dJM7Ny:ydXLt[YQvdmOkaT7ucI0vdmmqLnfvek8zOjl{NkKyOkc,OjJ7Mk[yNlY9N2F-

... Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Assay

Methods	Test Index	PMID
Western blot	c-Jun / α-tubulin / p-ERK / ERK / p-AKT / AKT; PubMed: 17482134 Cancer cell ERK regulates c-Jun levels in melanoma. The indicated melanoma cell lines were treated with 50μM PD98059 (PD) or 10μM LY294002 (LY) for 12h in the absence of serum. Protein samples were analyzed by Western blots using the indicated antibodies. α-Tubulin reveals equal loading. p-JNK / JNK / Cyclin D1 ; PubMed: 17482134 Cancer cell Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway affects c-Jun, P-JNK and cyclin D1 levels. The indicated melanoma cell lines were treated with 50μM PD98059 for 16h. Protein samples were analyzed by Western blots using the indicated antibodies. α-Tubulin reveals equal loading. p-HER2 / HER2 ; PubMed: 24244023 J Immunol TE1cells were treated with wortmannin (Akt signal inhibitor), PD98059 (MAPK signal inhibitor), or lapatinib (EGFR and HER2 dual inhibitor) at the indicated doses or with DMSO as a negative control for 48 h. HER2-related signaling molecules were assessed by Western blot. MMP9 / XIAP / VEGF ; PubMed: 29695559 In Vivo SK-Hep1 cells were treated 10 μM PD98059 for 48 h. Protein levels of MMP-9, XIAP, VEGF, cyclin-D1, and pERK were evaluated with western blotting assay.	17482134 24244023 29695559

In vivo

Treatment of mice 30 minutes before focal cerebral ischemia with PD98059 protects against damage, resulting in a decrease in infarct volume. ^[5] Pretreated with PD98059 (10 mg/kg per i.v. injection) 30 minutes before and then together with hourly cerulein injections for 3 hours significantly ameliorates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis ipancreatitis on the basis of pancreatic wet weight and histology. ^[6] Administration of PD98059 (10 mg/kg) in mice 1 hour after carrageenan causes a reduction in all the parameters of inflammation measured. ^[7]

Protocol

Kinase Assay: ^[1]	- Collapse In vitro MEK-inhibitory activity: Incorporation of ³²P into myelin basic protein (MBP) is assayed in the presence of glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins containing the 44-kDa MAPK (GST-MAPK) or the 45-kDa MEK (GST-MEK1). Assays are conducted in 50 μL of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.4/10 mM MgCl₂/2 mM EGTA/10 μM [γ-³²P]ATP containing 10 μg of GST-MEK1, 0.5 μg of GST-MAPK, and 40 μg of MBP. After incubation at 30°C for 15 minutes, reactions are stopped by addition of Laemmli SDS sample buffer. Phosphorylated MBP is resolved by SDS/10% PAGE.
Cell Research: ^[1]	- Collapse Cell lines: K-Balb, KNRK, v-raf-3Y1, SRA/3Y1, EGFR/3T3, and K562 Concentrations: Dissolved in DMSO, final concentrations ~100 μM Incubation Time: 3 dyas, or 7-10 days Method: For monolayer growth, cells are plated into multi-well plates at 10,000-20,000/mL. Forty-eight hours later, various concentrations of PD98059 are added to the cell growth medium and incubation is continued for an additional 3 days. Cells are then removed from the wells by incubation with trypsin and enumerated with a Coulter Counter. For growth in soft agar, cells are seeded into 35-mm dishes at 5,000-10,000 cells per dish with growth medium containing 0.3% agar and desired concentrations of PD98059. After 7-10 days of growth, visible colonies are manually enumerated with the aid of a dissecting microscope. (Only for Reference)
Animal Research: ^[7]	- Collapse Animal Models: Male Sprague–Dawley rats with acute pancreatitis Dosages: 10 mg/kg Administration: Injection i.v. (Only for Reference)

References

- Collapse

Solubility (25°C)

In vitro	DMSO	14 mg/mL warmed (52.37 mM)
	Water	Insoluble
	Ethanol	Insoluble
In vivo	Add solvents to the product individually and in order(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations): 4% DMSO+30% PEG 300+5% Tween 80+ddH2O For best results, use promptly after mixing.	1mg/mL

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information Download PD98059 SDF

Molecular Weight	267.28
Formula	C₁₆H₁₃NO₃
CAS No.	167869-21-8
Storage	3 years-20°C powder 2 years-80°C in solvent
Synonyms	N/A
Smiles	COC1=CC=CC(=C1N)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

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mg/kg

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Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (Different batches have different solubility ratios, please contact Selleck to provide you with the correct ratio)

% DMSO+ % + % Tween 80+ % ddH₂O

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Calculation results:

Working concentration： mg/ml；

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: ： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL， Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300， mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note：1.Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2.Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Bio Calculators

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume or concentration required for a solution. The Selleck molarity calculator is based on the following equation:

Mass (mg) = Concentration (mM) × Volume (mL) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

*When preparing stock solutions, please always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the via label and MSDS / COA (available on product pages).

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution. The Selleck dilution calculator is based on the following equation:

Concentration _(start) x Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) x Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2 ( Input Output )

* When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and MSDS / COA (available online).

The Serial Dilution Calculator Equation

Serial Dilutions
Concertration (start):
Dilution-folds:

Computed Result

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
C3=C2/X	C3:	LOG(C3):
C4=C3/X	C4:	LOG(C4):
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Molecular Weight Calculator

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition:

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Molarity Calculator

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

Tel: +1-832-582-8158 Ext:3

If you have any other enquiries, please leave a message.

Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
How to formulate this inhibitor for i.p. injection?
Answer:
You can prepare the stock by the vehicle 30% PEG400/0.5% Tween80/5% Propylene glycol, 0.5% CMC.

MEK Signaling Pathway Map

MEK Inhibitors with Unique Features

Pan MEK Inhibitor

U0126-EtOH : MEK1, IC50=0.07 μM; MEK2, IC50=0.06 μM.
Most Potent MEK Inhibitor

PD0325901 : MEK, IC50=0.33 nM.
FDA-approved MEK Inhibitor

Trametinib (GSK1120212) : Approved by FDA for BRAF V600E mutated metastatic melanoma.
Newest MEK Inhibitor

Binimetinib (MEK162, ARRY-162, ARRY-438162) : Potent inhibitor of MEK1/2 with IC50 of 12 nM.

Related MEK Products

Cobimetinib (GDC-0973) ^New

Cobimetinib (GDC-0973, RG7420) is a potent and highly selective MEK1 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.2 nM, showing more than 100-fold selectively for MEK1 over MEK2 and showed no significant inhibition when tested against a panel of more than 100 of serine-threonine and tyrosine kinases. Cobimetinib induces apoptosis. Phase 3.
BI-847325 ^New

BI-847325 is an orally bioavailable, and selective dual MEK/Aurora kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 3 nM, 25 nM, 15 nM, 25 nM, and 4 nM for Xenopus laevis Aurora B, human Aurora A and Aurora C, as well as human MEK1 and MEK2, respectively. Phase 1.
GDC-0623 ^New

GDC-0623 (G-868) is a potent and ATP-uncompetitive MEK1 inhibitor with K_i of 0.13 nM. Phase 1.
Trametinib (GSK1120212)

Trametinib (GSK1120212, JTP-74057, Mekinist) is a highly specific and potent MEK1/2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.92 nM/1.8 nM in cell-free assays, no inhibition of the kinase activities of c-Raf, B-Raf, ERK1/2. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis.

Features:More potent than PD0325901 or AZD6244.
Mirdametinib (PD0325901)

Mirdametinib (PD0325901) is a selective and non ATP-competitive MEK inhibitor with IC50 of 0.33 nM in cell-free assays, roughly 500-fold more potent than CI-1040 on phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2. Phase 2.
Selumetinib (AZD6244)

Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is a potent, highly selective MEK inhibitor with IC50 of 14 nM for MEK1 and Kd value of 530 nM for MEK2. It also inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation with IC50 of 10 nM, no inhibition to p38α, MKK6, EGFR, ErbB2, ERK2, B-Raf, etc. Selumetinib suppresses cell proliferation, migration and trigger apoptosis. Phase 3.

Features:First MEK inhibitor being tested in Phase II clinical trials.
U0126-EtOH

U0126-EtOH is a highly selective inhibitor of MEK1/2 with IC50 of 0.07 μM/0.06 μM in cell-free assays, 100-fold higher affinity for ΔN3-S218E/S222D MEK than PD98059. U0126 inhibits autophagy and mitophagy with antiviral activity.

Features:A chemically synthesized and highly selective inhibitor of both MEK1 and MEK2.
PD184352 (CI-1040)

PD184352 (CI-1040) is an ATP non-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor with IC50 of 17 nM in cell-based assays, 100-fold more selective for MEK1/2 than MEK5. PD184352 (CI-1040) selectively induces apoptosis. Phase 2.

Features:First MEK inhibitor to begin clinical development.
Binimetinib (MEK162)

Binimetinib (MEK162, ARRY-162, ARRY-438162) is a potent inhibitor of MEK1/2 with IC50 of 12 nM in a cell-free assay. Binimetinib induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human NSCLC cell lines and induces autophagy. Phase 3.
Refametinib (RDEA119)

Refametinib (RDEA119, Bay 86-9766) is a potent, ATP non-competitive and highly selective inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 with IC50 of 19 nM and 47 nM, respectively.

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PD98059