BTK

Autoproliferation of B and CD4+ T cells upon addition of the selective BTK inhibitor ibrutinib or vehicle (DMSO) control (left graph). Right graph shows the HLA-DR expression (line) and survival (numbers) of B cells (mean ± SEM; n = 3 REM).

Effects of AVL-292, CNX-774 and dasatinib on IgE-mediated histamine release in human basophils. Basophils (BA) obtained from three nonallergic donors (A).

Effects of AVL-292, CNX-774 and dasatinib on IgE-mediated histamine release in human basophils. Basophils (BA) obtained from three nonallergic donors (A), three patients allergic to Der p 2, and three patients allergic to Phl p 5 (B and C) were preincubated in control medium (Co) or medium containing various concentrations of AVL-292, CNX-774, or dasatinib (0.001-1 μmol/L) at 37°C for 30 minutes. Then, cells were exposed to anti-IgE antibody E-124.2.8 (1 μg/mL; nonallergic donors) or recombinant allergens (1 μg/mL of rDer p 2 or rPhl p 5 in allergic patients) at 37°C for 30 minutes. After centrifugation, histamine concentrations were determined in cell-free supernatants and cell lysates. Histamine release is expressed as percentage of total histamine. Results show the percentage of control and represent mean SD from three independent experiments (three donors). Asterisk (*): P<0.05 by Student's t test with Bonferroni correction

Cell-free kinase assay of IFN-gR2 phosphorylation at Y289 by constitutively active BTK with or without BTK inhibitor LFM-A13 (100 mM). WCL, whole-cell lysate; DIC, differential interference contrast microscopy.

Comparison of the impairment of ADCC against primary CLL cells by different irreversible BTK inhibitors. The antibody-dependent increase in the percentages of minimal calcein retention was determined with 3-fold excess of 1708-LC3E11 effector cells over CLL target cells in seven independent experiments. (a) Asterisks above the boxes and whiskers denote the significance of enhanced cytotoxicity compared to the control without addition of antibodies and inhibitors as determined by paired t-tests. Furthermore combination treatment was compared to that with anti-CD20 antibodies as single agents. (b) The mean differences ± SEM in the cytotoxicity against CLL cells in the presence and absence of rituximab and obinutuzumab were calculated from the data shown in (a). The ADCC of rituximab and obinutuzumab was compared by paired two-tailed t-test. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Cleaved IL-1β and caspase-1 from primed and nigericin-treated human primary MoMacs pretreated with DMSO (mock), ibrutinib, or CGI-1746 for 10 minutes. Pro-IL-1β and caspase-1 processing in primary MoMacs was strongly reduced by both ibrutinib and CGI1746.

Autoproliferation of B and CD4+ T cells upon addition of the selective BTK inhibitor ibrutinib or vehicle (DMSO) control (left graph). Right graph shows the HLA-DR expression (line) and survival (numbers) of B cells (mean ± SEM; n = 3 REM).

Effects of AVL-292, CNX-774 and dasatinib on IgE-mediated histamine release in human basophils. Basophils (BA) obtained from three nonallergic donors (A).

Effects of AVL-292, CNX-774 and dasatinib on IgE-mediated histamine release in human basophils. Basophils (BA) obtained from three nonallergic donors (A), three patients allergic to Der p 2, and three patients allergic to Phl p 5 (B and C) were preincubated in control medium (Co) or medium containing various concentrations of AVL-292, CNX-774, or dasatinib (0.001-1 μmol/L) at 37°C for 30 minutes. Then, cells were exposed to anti-IgE antibody E-124.2.8 (1 μg/mL; nonallergic donors) or recombinant allergens (1 μg/mL of rDer p 2 or rPhl p 5 in allergic patients) at 37°C for 30 minutes. After centrifugation, histamine concentrations were determined in cell-free supernatants and cell lysates. Histamine release is expressed as percentage of total histamine. Results show the percentage of control and represent mean SD from three independent experiments (three donors). Asterisk (*): P<0.05 by Student's t test with Bonferroni correction

Cell-free kinase assay of IFN-gR2 phosphorylation at Y289 by constitutively active BTK with or without BTK inhibitor LFM-A13 (100 mM). WCL, whole-cell lysate; DIC, differential interference contrast microscopy.

Comparison of the impairment of ADCC against primary CLL cells by different irreversible BTK inhibitors. The antibody-dependent increase in the percentages of minimal calcein retention was determined with 3-fold excess of 1708-LC3E11 effector cells over CLL target cells in seven independent experiments. (a) Asterisks above the boxes and whiskers denote the significance of enhanced cytotoxicity compared to the control without addition of antibodies and inhibitors as determined by paired t-tests. Furthermore combination treatment was compared to that with anti-CD20 antibodies as single agents. (b) The mean differences ± SEM in the cytotoxicity against CLL cells in the presence and absence of rituximab and obinutuzumab were calculated from the data shown in (a). The ADCC of rituximab and obinutuzumab was compared by paired two-tailed t-test. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Cleaved IL-1β and caspase-1 from primed and nigericin-treated human primary MoMacs pretreated with DMSO (mock), ibrutinib, or CGI-1746 for 10 minutes. Pro-IL-1β and caspase-1 processing in primary MoMacs was strongly reduced by both ibrutinib and CGI1746.