Home Metabolism PDE inhibitor - TNF-alpha inhibitor Apremilast (CC-10004)

Apremilast (CC-10004)

Catalog No.S8034

For research use only.

Apremilast (CC-10004) is a potent and orally active PDE4 and TNF-α inhibitor with IC50 of 74 nM and 77 nM, respectively.

Apremilast (CC-10004) Chemical Structure

CAS No. 608141-41-9

Selleck's Apremilast (CC-10004) has been cited by 7 Publications

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Biological Activity

Description Apremilast (CC-10004) is a potent and orally active PDE4 and TNF-α inhibitor with IC50 of 74 nM and 77 nM, respectively.
Targets
PDE4 [1] TNF-α [1]
74 nM 77 nM
In vitro

Apremilast is more potent for inhibition of PDE4 compared with cAMP or cGMP hydrolysing enzymes from other PDE families. Apremilast displays a broad pattern of anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of cell types, inhibits TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-23 production, as well as NK and keratinocyte responses. Apremilast is found to inhibit the zymosan-induced PMN production of IL-8 with IC50 of 94 nM. Apremilast inhibits fMLF-induced PMN CD18 and CD11b expression with IC50 of 390 nM and 74 nM, respectively, and inhibits fMLF-induced adhesion of PMN to HUVECs with IC50 of 150 nM. Apremilast inhibits keratinocyte TNF-αproduction, with no effect on keratinocyte cell viability as measured by intracellular ATP levels. [3] [4].
In vivo Apremilast is stable in the presence of human microsomes (t1/2 > 60 min). It is 90% protein bound in human plasma. Oral and intravenous administration of it in female rats showed that it have good pharmacokinetics with low clearance, a moderate volume of distribution, and a 64% oral bioavailability. In a LPS-induced TNF-αinhibition model in rats, examined the TNF-α inhibitory ability of Apremilast in vivo, and the ED50 is determined to be 0.03 mg/kg. In another LPS-induced neutrophilia model in rats, Apremilast exhibited an ED50 range from 0.3 mg/kg to 0.9 mg/kg.[1]

Protocol (from reference)

Kinase Assay:[2]
  • PDE4 inhibitory activity :

    Cells (1×109) are washed in PBS and lysed in cold homogenization buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.1, 3 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 μM PMSF, 1 μg/mL leupeptin). Following homogenization in a Dounce homogenizer the supematant is collected by centrifugation and loaded onto a Sephacryl S-200 column equilibrated in homogenization buffer. PDE is eluted in homogenization buffer and the rolipram sensitive fractions pooled and stored in aliquots. Enzyme activity is assayed in 50 mM Tris- HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2 and 1 μM cAMP (of which 1% is3H cAMP) in the presence of varying concentrations of inhibitors. The amount of extract used is pre-determined to ensure that reactions are within the linear range and consumed lessthan15%of the total substrate. Reactions are performed at 30°C for 30 min and terminated by boiling for 2 min. The samples are then chilled and treated with snake 'venom (1mg/mL) at 30 °C for 15 min. Unused substrate is removed by incubation with 200 μL AG1-X8 resin for 15 min. Samples are then spun at 3000 rpm for 5 min and 50 μL of the aqueous phase taken for counting. Eachdata point is carried out in duplicate with activity expressed as percentage of control. IC50 is determined from dose response curves derived from three independent experiments.

Cell Research:[3]
  • Cell lines: HEKn cells
  • Concentrations: ~10 μM
  • Incubation Time: 18 h
  • Method: For proliferation studies, human neonatal foreskin epidermal keratinocytes (HEKn cells) are plated at 3000 cells per well in 96-well flat bottom tissue culture plates for 2 days. HEKn cells are treated with apremilast or 0.1% DMSO as the vehicle control for 1 h before ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation with 50 mJ/cm2 in a UV Stratalinker 2400, calibrated with 312 nm UVB bulbs. Media and compounds are replaced, and cells are incubated for 18 h. Lysates are transferred to plates and shaken for 2 min before chemiluminescence is read on a TopCount NXT Luminescence Counter.
Animal Research:[3]
  • Animal Models: Psoriasis mouse model
  • Dosages: 5 mg/kg/day, divided into b.i.d.doses
  • Administration: Oral

Solubility (25°C)

In vitro

 DMSO 92 mg/mL
(199.78 mM)
Water Insoluble
Ethanol Insoluble

In vivo

Add solvents to the product individually and in order
(Data is from Selleck tests instead of citations):
0.5% CMC+0.25% Tween 80
For best results, use promptly after mixing.

 30 mg/mL

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight 460.5
Formula

C22H24N2O7S
CAS No. 608141-41-9
Storage 3 years -20°C powder
2 years -80°C in solvent
Smiles CCOC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(CS(=O)(=O)C)N2C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)NC(=O)C)OC

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

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Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Molarity Calculator

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Clinical Trial Information

NCT Number Recruitment Interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT04804553 Not yet recruiting Drug: Apremilast|Drug: Placebo Active Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis Amgen January 31 2022 Phase 3
NCT04528082 Recruiting Drug: Apremilast|Drug: Placebo Behçet Disease Amgen September 9 2021 Phase 3
NCT04175613 Recruiting Drug: Apremilast Psoriasis Amgen December 20 2019 Phase 3
NCT03836885 Withdrawn Drug: Apremilast|Drug: Placebo Oral Lichen Planus Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre|Celgene|Sunnybrook Research Institute November 21 2019 Phase 2
NCT03656666 Recruiting Drug: Apremilast|Drug: Placebo Lichen Planus of Vulva|Female Genital Disease Oslo University Hospital|Celgene Corporation|Amgen September 24 2019 Phase 2

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2022-01-17)

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

Handling Instructions

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