Home Apoptosis TNF-alpha

TNF-alpha inhibitors

TNF-alpha, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a cytokine which triggers a signaling cascade. TNF-alpha can activate NF-kB by binding to the TNF receptors which can be divided into TNF-receptor1 and TNF-receptor2. TNF-alpha can also activate the signaling cascade of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. TNF-alpha can induce apoptosis by binding to TNF-receptor1, a death-domain-containing member of the TNFR super family.

Other Apoptosis Related Inhibitors

Caspase Bcl-2 p53 Ferroptosis PD-1/PD-L1 Survivin MDM2/MDMX KRas IAP ASK

Isoform-selective Products

Cat.No. Product Name Information Product Use Citations Product Validations
S1623 N-Acetylcysteine (NAC chemical, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine) Acetylcysteine (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC,N-acetylcysteine) is a ROS(reactive oxygen species) inhibitor that antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. It is also a tumor necrosis factor production inhibitor. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB activation through inhibition of IκB kinases. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) induces apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) inhibits ferroptosis and virus replication.Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):341
J Exp Med, 2025, 222(3)e20241248
Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(36):e06150
Verified customer review of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC chemical, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine)
S1029 CC-5013 (Lenalidomide) Lenalidomide is a TNF-α secretion inhibitor with IC50 of 13 nM in PBMCs. Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is a ligand of ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), and it causes selective ubiquitination and degradation of two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, by the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase. Lenalidomide promotes cleaved caspase-3 expression and inhibit VEGF expression and induces apoptosis.
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):29
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):3800
Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00102-8
Verified customer review of CC-5013 (Lenalidomide)
S8133 Resiquimod (R-848) Resiquimod (R-848, S28463) is an immune response modifier that acts as a potent TLR 7/TLR 8 agonist, inducing the upregulation of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-α. This compound reduces hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Phase 2.
Nature, 2025, 644(8078):1058-1068
J Virol, 2025, e0128025.
Int J Nanomedicine, 2024, 19:3589-3605
S1537 Vadimezan (DMXAA) Vadimezan (DMXAA) is a vascular disrupting agents (VDA) and competitive inhibitor of DT-diaphorase with Ki of 20 μM and IC50 of 62.5 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. It is also a STING agonist with potential antineoplastic activity, potently inducing IFN-β but relatively low TNF-α expression in vitro. This compound has antiviral activity. Phase 3.
Cell Chem Biol, 2025, 32(2):280-290.e14
Commun Biol, 2025, 8(1):1470
Front Pharmacol, 2025, 16:1528459
Verified customer review of Vadimezan (DMXAA)
S1189 Aprepitant Aprepitant is a potent and selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 0.1 nM. This compound reduces levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including G-CSF, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα. It inhibits HIV infection of human macrophages.
Br J Cancer, 2024, 10.1038/s41416-024-02608-8
Inflammation, 2023, 46(1):256-269
Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):4995
Verified customer review of Aprepitant
S1567 Pomalidomide (CC-4047) Pomalidomide inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α release with IC50 of 13 nM in PBMCs. Pomalidomide can be utilized in PROTAC as a ligand for targeting E3 ligase and inhibiting the E3 ligase protein cereblon (CRBN). Pomalidomide promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):6631
Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00102-8
J Med Virol, 2025, 97(8):e70537
Verified customer review of Pomalidomide (CC-4047)
S8037 Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a specific RIP1 (RIPK1) inhibitor and inhibits TNF-α-induced necroptosis with EC50 of 490 nM in 293T cells. Necrostatin-1 also blocks IDO and suppresses autophagy and apoptosis.
Cell Res, 2025, 10.1038/s41422-025-01167-8
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):341
Cancer Discov, 2025, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-24-1317
Verified customer review of Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1)
S4238 Cepharanthine Cepharanthine (NSC-623442) is a biscoclaurine alkaloid inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated NFκB stimulation, plasma membrane lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregation and suppressing cytokine production.
Emerg Microbes Infect, 2024, 13(1):2429624
SLAS Discov, 2024, S2472-5552(24)00007-8
Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(11):1000
S6643 R-7050 R-7050 is a cell permeable TNF-α receptor antagonist and is 2.3-fold more selective for TNF-α-mediated signaling than for that driven by IL-1β.
Int Immunopharmacol, 2024, 143(Pt 2):113521
Ren Fail, 2023, 45(1):2220418
Elife, 2022, 11e73792
S0787 3-Deazaadenosine hydrochloride 3-Deazaadenosine HCl (3-DZA, c3Ado) is a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with Ki of 3.9 µM. 3-Deazaadenosine HCl inhibits bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription of TNF-α and IL-1β. 3-Deazaadenosine HCl inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, prevents FCS-induced Ras carboxyl methylation and reduces FCS-induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. 3-Deazaadenosine HCl has anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-HIV activities.
Virus Res, 2025, 358:199590
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1):36
Free Radic Biol Med, 2021, 168:25-43

Signaling Pathway Map