PDE

Signaling Pathway Map

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Inhibitory Selectivity

Isoform-specific Inhibitors

PDE Products

All (38) PDE Inhibitors (37) PDE Activators (1) New PDE Products

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S2131	Roflumilast Roflumilast is a selective inhibitor of PDE4 with IC50 of 0.2-4.3 nM in a cell-free assay.	J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2016, 357(1):66-72 Int Immunopharmacol, 2016, 35:174-84 J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016, 117:47-60	Mean plasma concentration versus time after single dose oral administration of IC87114 and RFM in wistar rats( n = 6).
S1431	Sildenafil Citrate Sildenafil Citrate, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), is a well-tolerated and highly effective treatment for erectile dysfunction.	Cancer Lett, 2016, 370(2):279-85 J Cell Physiol, 2016, 231(10):2286-302 Pharm Dev Technol, 2016, 21(8):961-971	T24 cells were treated with vehicle, SIL (2 uM), DOX (200 nM) as indicated. Cells were isolated 6 and 12 hours after exposure, and the phosphorylation of γH2AX was determined, with the fold increase in phosphorylation shown.
S1455	Cilomilast Cilomilast is a potent PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of about 110 nM, has anti-inflammatory activity and low central nervous system activity. Phase 3.	J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016, 117:47-60 Mol Cancer Res, 2015, 13(1):149-60 Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2015, 52(5):634-40	LNCaP-C4 prostate cancer cells were suspended in matrigel and transplanted under the kidney capsule of male nude mice hosts. Mice were treated with vehicle-only (10% EtOH, 90% olive oil) control, cilomilast or NVP-ABE171 by gavage (n=7-11 for each respective group)The xenografts LNCaP-C4 xenografts were excised, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin blocks. IHC with Ki67 (proliferation), TUNEL (apoptosis), or p21 (senescence) was performed. Representative Ki67 and TUNEL photomicrographs for cilomilast and NVP-ABE171 treatment group are shown.
S1512	Tadalafil Tadalafil is a PDE-5 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.8 nM in a cell-free assay. Tadalafil is at least 9000 times more selective for PDE5 than most of the other families of PDEs, with the exception of PDE11. It can partial inhibits PDE11	J Clin Invest, 2019, 129(6):2318-2332 J Hepatol, 2018, 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.040 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(13):5604-5615	β-Catenin levels in 293T cells treated with PDE5 inhibitor in the presence or absence of Wnt3a. (a) Tadalafil reduced β-catenin protein levels. Immunofluorescence and confocal images of 293T cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or tadalafil at 10 uM in the presence or absence of recombinant Wnt3a for 24 h.
S2515	Vardenafil HCl Trihydrate Vardenafil HCl Trihydrate is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.	Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(13):5604-5615 Oncotarget, 2017, 8(5):8574-8589 Cancer Lett, 2016, 378(1):38-50	(G) Immunoblot analysis for TAZ and Nanog in PCSC after vardenafil treatments. (H) Cytotoxicity to DDP in PCSC treated with indicated concentrations of vardenafil. *p < 0.01, p < 0.05 versus PC3 cells, vardenafil at 0 μM, or DDP at 0 μM; ++p < 0.01, +p < 0.05 versus vardenafil at 0 μM.
S6576^New	BW-A78U BW-A78U, an adenine derivative PDE inhibitor, has anticonvulsant activity.
S6433^New	Udenafil Udenafil is a potent antagonist of human PDE5 with an IC50 of 8.25 nM and a comparable selectivity profile as sildenafil for the other PDEs.
S5837^New	BRL-50481 BRL-50481 is a novel and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7 with a Ki value, derived from secondary (Dixon) plots, of 180±10 nM, being at least 200-fold selective for hrPDE7A1 over all other PDEs.
S5836^New	IBMX Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) is a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) with IC50 values of 6.5±1.2, 26.3±3.9 and 31.7±5.3 μM for PDE3, 4 and 5 respectively. It may enhance the intracellular cAMP levels and also acts as an adenosine (A1) receptor antagonist.
S5806^New	Cilostamide Cilostamide is an inhibitor of type III phosphodiesterases with IC50 values of 27 nM and 50 nM for PDE3A and PDE3B, respectively.
S5539^New	Olprinone Olprinone is a phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.35 mM, 150 mM and 100 mM for human cardiac PDE III, PDE I and PDE II, respectively.
S9436^New	Pinoresinol dimethyl ether Pinoresinol dimethyl ether, which could be isolated from the wood of the basal tree Humbertieae, show a variety of activities as the inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
S1550	Pimobendan Pimobendan is a selective inhibitor of PDE3 with IC50 of 0.32 μM.
S2620	GSK256066 GSK256066 is a selective PDE4B(equal affinity to isoforms A-D) inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 pM, >380,000-fold selectivity versus PDE1/2/3/5/6 and >2500-fold selectivity against PDE4B versus PDE7.Phase 2.
S2687	Mardepodect (PF-2545920) PF-2545920 is a potent and selective PDE10A inhibitor with IC50 of 0.37 nM, with >1000-fold selectivity over the PDE.	Front Mol Neurosci, 2017, 10:100 Am J Hum Genet, 2017, 100(1):5-20 Biol Reprod, 2016, 94(5):110
S1430	Rolipram The PDE4 selective inhibitor, rolipram, inhibited immunopurified PDE4B and PDE4D activities similarly, with IC50 values of approx. 130 nM and 240 nM respectively; an anti-inflammatory agent.	Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 99:947-955 Neurochem Res, 2018, 43(4):785-795 Mol Nutr Food Res, 2017, 10.1002/mnfr.201600966	D, average percentage difference of cell growth by PDE4D inhibitors between STK11 mutant and wild-type cell lines. The sensitivity on STK11mt cell lines represents the difference of average percentage growth between STK11-mutant (NCI-H1993 and NCI-H1395) and wild-type cell lines (NCI-H82 and NCI-H524). Average percentage growth of each cell line by a PDE4D inhibitor was based on the DMSO control. Cells were treated with a 20 μmol/L of PDE4D inhibitors for 3, 7, and 10 days incubation, respectively. The cell viability was determined using CellTiter-Blue fluorescence. , P < 0.01 and *, P < 0.05 in the difference between STK11-mutant and wild-type cell lines. All cells used in the experiment were cultured in normal conditioned RPMI medium with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptavidin.
S1294	Cilostazol Cilostazol is a potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.2 μM and inhibitor of adenosine uptake.	FASEB J, 2019, 10.1096/fj.201900326R
S2484	Milrinone Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, used to increase the heart's contractility.	Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 503(3):1409-1414 Mol Pharm, 2017, 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00360	Viability of H9c2 cells incubated with MRN-HSA-NPs (black bars) compared with MRN-Lactate (grey bars) at different MRN concentrations, at (a) 4 hours, (b) 24 hours and (c) 48 hours. The graph shows a representative result of mean±SD (n=3). **P<0.0001, P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05 were considered significant based on Sidak’s posthoc analysis.
S4019	Avanafil Avanafil is a highly selective PDE5 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.2 nM, >121-fold selectivity over other PDEs.
S2127	S- (+)-Rolipram S-(+)-Rolipram inhibits human monocyte cyclic AMP-specific PDE4 with IC50 of 0.75 μM, has anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant activity in the central nervous system, less potent than its R enantiomer.
S1673	Aminophylline Aminophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.12 mM and also a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist.
S3172	Anagrelide HCl Anagrelide is a drug used for the treatment of essential thrombocytosis.
S1504	Dyphylline Dyphylline is a xanthine derivative with bronchodilator and vasodilator effects.
S1895	Dipyridamole Dipyridamole (Persantine) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells.	Am J Hum Genet, 2017, 100(1):5-20
S4164	Doxofylline Doxofylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and a xanthine derivative drug for asthma.
S4090	Fenspiride HCl Fenspiride is a bronchodilator with anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting phosphodiesterase 4 and phosphodiesterase 3 activities with logIC50 values of 4.16 and 3.44, respectively, in human isolated bronchi.
S4837	Ibudilast Ibudilast is a relatively non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.
S5014	Crisaborole (AN2728) Crisaborole is a small-molecule, boron-based, selective PDE4 inhibitor and has broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity.
S7224	Deltarasin Deltarasin is a small molecular inhibitor of KRAS-PDEδ interaction with K_d of 38 nM for binding to purified PDEδ.	Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2019, 10.1038/s41401-019-0268-y
S8459	TAK-063 TAK-063 is a novel and selective phosphodiesterase 10A(PDE10A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.30 nM.
S2291	Diosgenin Diosgenin is a steroid sapogenin and the precursor for the semisynthesis of progesterone which in turn was used in early combined oral contraceptive pills; A weak PDE inhibitor.
S2312	Icariin Icariin is a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.432 μM, 167-fold more selective for PDE5 than PDE4.	Shandong University, 2014, Haoran Cui
S4683	Sildenafil Mesylate Sildenafil Mesylate is a mesylate form of Sildenafil, an inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 5.
S4684	Sildenafil Sildenafil is a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor with IC50 of 5.22 nM.	J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(4):4874-4887 Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(9):5149-5157 Cancer Biol Ther, 2018, 10.1080/15384047.2018.1507665	mRNA and protein expression levels of Id‑1 following treatment with 5 μM sildenafil for 24 h. (A) Relative mRNA expression levels of Id‑1 in the HemECs were significantly decreased by 44.2%, according to the 2‑ΔΔCq method (***P=0.0006 vs. control). (B) Western blotting revealed that the protein expression levels of Id‑1 markedly decreased following treatment with sildenafil when compared with the negative control. The TCA 8113 cell line was used as a positive control. HemECs, hemangioma endothelial cells; SIL, sildenafil; ID‑1, inhibitor of differentiation 1.
S2320	Luteolin Luteolin is a flavonoid found in Terminalia chebula, which is a non-selective phisphodiesterase PDE inhibitor for PDE1-5 with Ki of 15.0 μM, 6.4 μM, 13.9 μM, 11.1 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. Phase 2.	EBioMedicine, 2018, 36:18-28 Mol Nutr Food Res, 2017, 10.1002/mnfr.201600744	Bioactive compounds inhibit recombinant HDAC activity. Recombinant HDACs were incubated with flavonoid Luteolin (C) for 2 h prior to the addition of cell permeable HDAC substrates. Luteolin inhibited activity of most classes I, IIa, and IIb HDAC isoforms.
S8218	PF-8380 PF-8380 is a potent autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor with IC50 of 2.8 nM in an in vitro enzyme assay.
S2368	Theobromine Theobromine is a xanthine alkaloid widely consumed as stimulants and snacks in coffee and cocoa based foods and most often as part of ingredients in drugs.
S9229^New	Linderane Linderane, isolated from Lindera strychnifolia vill., is an indirect PDE3 activator and possesses multiple biological effects, including superoxide anion radical-scavenging and antioxidative activity and protective activity against gastritis, gastric ulcers and backache.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S2131	Roflumilast Roflumilast is a selective inhibitor of PDE4 with IC50 of 0.2-4.3 nM in a cell-free assay.	J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2016, 357(1):66-72 Int Immunopharmacol, 2016, 35:174-84 J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016, 117:47-60	Mean plasma concentration versus time after single dose oral administration of IC87114 and RFM in wistar rats( n = 6).
S1431	Sildenafil Citrate Sildenafil Citrate, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), is a well-tolerated and highly effective treatment for erectile dysfunction.	Cancer Lett, 2016, 370(2):279-85 J Cell Physiol, 2016, 231(10):2286-302 Pharm Dev Technol, 2016, 21(8):961-971	T24 cells were treated with vehicle, SIL (2 uM), DOX (200 nM) as indicated. Cells were isolated 6 and 12 hours after exposure, and the phosphorylation of γH2AX was determined, with the fold increase in phosphorylation shown.
S1455	Cilomilast Cilomilast is a potent PDE4 inhibitor with IC50 of about 110 nM, has anti-inflammatory activity and low central nervous system activity. Phase 3.	J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2016, 117:47-60 Mol Cancer Res, 2015, 13(1):149-60 Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2015, 52(5):634-40	LNCaP-C4 prostate cancer cells were suspended in matrigel and transplanted under the kidney capsule of male nude mice hosts. Mice were treated with vehicle-only (10% EtOH, 90% olive oil) control, cilomilast or NVP-ABE171 by gavage (n=7-11 for each respective group)The xenografts LNCaP-C4 xenografts were excised, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin blocks. IHC with Ki67 (proliferation), TUNEL (apoptosis), or p21 (senescence) was performed. Representative Ki67 and TUNEL photomicrographs for cilomilast and NVP-ABE171 treatment group are shown.
S1512	Tadalafil Tadalafil is a PDE-5 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.8 nM in a cell-free assay. Tadalafil is at least 9000 times more selective for PDE5 than most of the other families of PDEs, with the exception of PDE11. It can partial inhibits PDE11	J Clin Invest, 2019, 129(6):2318-2332 J Hepatol, 2018, 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.040 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(13):5604-5615	β-Catenin levels in 293T cells treated with PDE5 inhibitor in the presence or absence of Wnt3a. (a) Tadalafil reduced β-catenin protein levels. Immunofluorescence and confocal images of 293T cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or tadalafil at 10 uM in the presence or absence of recombinant Wnt3a for 24 h.
S2515	Vardenafil HCl Trihydrate Vardenafil HCl Trihydrate is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.	Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(13):5604-5615 Oncotarget, 2017, 8(5):8574-8589 Cancer Lett, 2016, 378(1):38-50	(G) Immunoblot analysis for TAZ and Nanog in PCSC after vardenafil treatments. (H) Cytotoxicity to DDP in PCSC treated with indicated concentrations of vardenafil. *p < 0.01, p < 0.05 versus PC3 cells, vardenafil at 0 μM, or DDP at 0 μM; ++p < 0.01, +p < 0.05 versus vardenafil at 0 μM.
S6576^New	BW-A78U BW-A78U, an adenine derivative PDE inhibitor, has anticonvulsant activity.
S6433^New	Udenafil Udenafil is a potent antagonist of human PDE5 with an IC50 of 8.25 nM and a comparable selectivity profile as sildenafil for the other PDEs.
S5837^New	BRL-50481 BRL-50481 is a novel and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7 with a Ki value, derived from secondary (Dixon) plots, of 180±10 nM, being at least 200-fold selective for hrPDE7A1 over all other PDEs.
S5836^New	IBMX Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) is a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) with IC50 values of 6.5±1.2, 26.3±3.9 and 31.7±5.3 μM for PDE3, 4 and 5 respectively. It may enhance the intracellular cAMP levels and also acts as an adenosine (A1) receptor antagonist.
S5806^New	Cilostamide Cilostamide is an inhibitor of type III phosphodiesterases with IC50 values of 27 nM and 50 nM for PDE3A and PDE3B, respectively.
S5539^New	Olprinone Olprinone is a phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.35 mM, 150 mM and 100 mM for human cardiac PDE III, PDE I and PDE II, respectively.
S9436^New	Pinoresinol dimethyl ether Pinoresinol dimethyl ether, which could be isolated from the wood of the basal tree Humbertieae, show a variety of activities as the inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
S1550	Pimobendan Pimobendan is a selective inhibitor of PDE3 with IC50 of 0.32 μM.
S2620	GSK256066 GSK256066 is a selective PDE4B(equal affinity to isoforms A-D) inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 pM, >380,000-fold selectivity versus PDE1/2/3/5/6 and >2500-fold selectivity against PDE4B versus PDE7.Phase 2.
S2687	Mardepodect (PF-2545920) PF-2545920 is a potent and selective PDE10A inhibitor with IC50 of 0.37 nM, with >1000-fold selectivity over the PDE.	Front Mol Neurosci, 2017, 10:100 Am J Hum Genet, 2017, 100(1):5-20 Biol Reprod, 2016, 94(5):110
S1430	Rolipram The PDE4 selective inhibitor, rolipram, inhibited immunopurified PDE4B and PDE4D activities similarly, with IC50 values of approx. 130 nM and 240 nM respectively; an anti-inflammatory agent.	Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 99:947-955 Neurochem Res, 2018, 43(4):785-795 Mol Nutr Food Res, 2017, 10.1002/mnfr.201600966	D, average percentage difference of cell growth by PDE4D inhibitors between STK11 mutant and wild-type cell lines. The sensitivity on STK11mt cell lines represents the difference of average percentage growth between STK11-mutant (NCI-H1993 and NCI-H1395) and wild-type cell lines (NCI-H82 and NCI-H524). Average percentage growth of each cell line by a PDE4D inhibitor was based on the DMSO control. Cells were treated with a 20 μmol/L of PDE4D inhibitors for 3, 7, and 10 days incubation, respectively. The cell viability was determined using CellTiter-Blue fluorescence. , P < 0.01 and *, P < 0.05 in the difference between STK11-mutant and wild-type cell lines. All cells used in the experiment were cultured in normal conditioned RPMI medium with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptavidin.
S1294	Cilostazol Cilostazol is a potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.2 μM and inhibitor of adenosine uptake.	FASEB J, 2019, 10.1096/fj.201900326R
S2484	Milrinone Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, used to increase the heart's contractility.	Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018, 503(3):1409-1414 Mol Pharm, 2017, 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00360	Viability of H9c2 cells incubated with MRN-HSA-NPs (black bars) compared with MRN-Lactate (grey bars) at different MRN concentrations, at (a) 4 hours, (b) 24 hours and (c) 48 hours. The graph shows a representative result of mean±SD (n=3). **P<0.0001, P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05 were considered significant based on Sidak’s posthoc analysis.
S4019	Avanafil Avanafil is a highly selective PDE5 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.2 nM, >121-fold selectivity over other PDEs.
S2127	S- (+)-Rolipram S-(+)-Rolipram inhibits human monocyte cyclic AMP-specific PDE4 with IC50 of 0.75 μM, has anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant activity in the central nervous system, less potent than its R enantiomer.
S1673	Aminophylline Aminophylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.12 mM and also a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist.
S3172	Anagrelide HCl Anagrelide is a drug used for the treatment of essential thrombocytosis.
S1504	Dyphylline Dyphylline is a xanthine derivative with bronchodilator and vasodilator effects.
S1895	Dipyridamole Dipyridamole (Persantine) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells.	Am J Hum Genet, 2017, 100(1):5-20
S4164	Doxofylline Doxofylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and a xanthine derivative drug for asthma.
S4090	Fenspiride HCl Fenspiride is a bronchodilator with anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting phosphodiesterase 4 and phosphodiesterase 3 activities with logIC50 values of 4.16 and 3.44, respectively, in human isolated bronchi.
S4837	Ibudilast Ibudilast is a relatively non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.
S5014	Crisaborole (AN2728) Crisaborole is a small-molecule, boron-based, selective PDE4 inhibitor and has broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity.
S7224	Deltarasin Deltarasin is a small molecular inhibitor of KRAS-PDEδ interaction with K_d of 38 nM for binding to purified PDEδ.	Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2019, 10.1038/s41401-019-0268-y
S8459	TAK-063 TAK-063 is a novel and selective phosphodiesterase 10A(PDE10A) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.30 nM.
S2291	Diosgenin Diosgenin is a steroid sapogenin and the precursor for the semisynthesis of progesterone which in turn was used in early combined oral contraceptive pills; A weak PDE inhibitor.
S2312	Icariin Icariin is a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.432 μM, 167-fold more selective for PDE5 than PDE4.	Shandong University, 2014, Haoran Cui
S4683	Sildenafil Mesylate Sildenafil Mesylate is a mesylate form of Sildenafil, an inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 5.
S4684	Sildenafil Sildenafil is a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor with IC50 of 5.22 nM.	J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(4):4874-4887 Anticancer Res, 2018, 38(9):5149-5157 Cancer Biol Ther, 2018, 10.1080/15384047.2018.1507665	mRNA and protein expression levels of Id‑1 following treatment with 5 μM sildenafil for 24 h. (A) Relative mRNA expression levels of Id‑1 in the HemECs were significantly decreased by 44.2%, according to the 2‑ΔΔCq method (***P=0.0006 vs. control). (B) Western blotting revealed that the protein expression levels of Id‑1 markedly decreased following treatment with sildenafil when compared with the negative control. The TCA 8113 cell line was used as a positive control. HemECs, hemangioma endothelial cells; SIL, sildenafil; ID‑1, inhibitor of differentiation 1.
S2320	Luteolin Luteolin is a flavonoid found in Terminalia chebula, which is a non-selective phisphodiesterase PDE inhibitor for PDE1-5 with Ki of 15.0 μM, 6.4 μM, 13.9 μM, 11.1 μM and 9.5 μM, respectively. Phase 2.	EBioMedicine, 2018, 36:18-28 Mol Nutr Food Res, 2017, 10.1002/mnfr.201600744	Bioactive compounds inhibit recombinant HDAC activity. Recombinant HDACs were incubated with flavonoid Luteolin (C) for 2 h prior to the addition of cell permeable HDAC substrates. Luteolin inhibited activity of most classes I, IIa, and IIb HDAC isoforms.
S8218	PF-8380 PF-8380 is a potent autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor with IC50 of 2.8 nM in an in vitro enzyme assay.
S2368	Theobromine Theobromine is a xanthine alkaloid widely consumed as stimulants and snacks in coffee and cocoa based foods and most often as part of ingredients in drugs.

Catalog No.	Information	Product Use Citations	Product Validations
S9229^New	Linderane Linderane, isolated from Lindera strychnifolia vill., is an indirect PDE3 activator and possesses multiple biological effects, including superoxide anion radical-scavenging and antioxidative activity and protective activity against gastritis, gastric ulcers and backache.

Catalog No.

Information

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Product Validations

S9229^New

Linderane

Linderane, isolated from Lindera strychnifolia vill., is an indirect PDE3 activator and possesses multiple biological effects, including superoxide anion radical-scavenging and antioxidative activity and protective activity against gastritis, gastric ulcers and backache.

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