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Vadimezan (DMXAA)

Name: Vadimezan (DMXAA)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1537
Rating: 5 (44 reviews)

Synonyms: ASA404, NSC 640488

Catalog No.S1537 Purity:99.94%

Vadimezan (DMXAA) is a vascular disrupting agents (VDA) and competitive inhibitor of DT-diaphorase with Ki of 20 μM and IC50 of 62.5 μM in cell-free assays, respectively. DMXAA (Vadimezan) is also a STING agonist with potential antineoplastic activity. DMXAA (Vadimezan) potently induces IFN-β but relatively low TNF-α expression in vitro. DMXAA (Vadimezan) has antiviral activity. Phase 3.

Vadimezan (DMXAA) Chemical Structure

CAS No. 117570-53-3

Purity & Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.94%

99.94

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Signaling Pathway

VDA Signaling Pathway

Cell Data

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
human BJ cells	Cytotoxic assay		24 h	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay, CC50=48.9 μM	24518295
HECPP cells	Function assay	10 ug/mL		Activation of NF-kappaB in HECPP cells at 10 ug/mL	17616114
MCF7	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 11.89 μM.	29129511
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 12.12 μM.	29129511
K562	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 19.14 μM.	29129511
HepG2	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 21.25 μM.	29129511
COLO320	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human COLO320 cells after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay, IC50 = 39.5 μM.	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay, IC50 = 48.4 μM.	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Growth inhibition assay		24 hrs	Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 48.42 μM.	29609121
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 48.44 μM.	29129511
A673	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	29435139
DAOY	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	29435139
RD	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	29435139
SK-N-SH	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	29435139
MG 63 (6-TG R)	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	29435139
NB1643	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	29435139
Rh41	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	29435139
SK-N-MC	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	29435139
MDA-MB-231	Apoptosis assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-3 expression at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Apoptosis assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP level at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Decrease in caspase-3 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Increase in p53 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Decrease in caspase-9 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Decrease in MDM2 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
HepG2	Cell cycle arrest assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Cell cycle arrest in human HepG2 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method relative to control	29129511
HepG2	Cell cycle arrest assay		24 hrs	Cell cycle arrest in human HepG2 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-3 levels at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-9 levels at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP levels co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP levels at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-3 levels co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-9 levels co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as downregulation of Bcl-xL expression co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as upregulation of Bid expression co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Biological Activity

Description

Targets

DT-diaphorase ^[1] (Cell-free assay)	DT-diaphorase ^[1] (Cell-free assay)
20 μM(Ki)	20 μM(Ki)

In vitro
In vitro	In DLD-1 human colon carcinoma cells, DMXAA inhibits DT-diaphorase activity without significant effects on the activity of cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome P450 reductase. Combination of menadione and DMXAA leads to an increase in the antiproliferative activity of DLD-1 cells. ^[1] DMXAA, as an antiviral agent, inhibits VSV-induced cytotoxicity and influenza virus replication in RAW 264.7 macrophages. ^[2] A recent study shows that DMXAA has non-immune-mediated inhibitory effects against several kinase members of VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor), such as VEGFR2 signalling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ^[3]
Kinase Assay	DT-diaphorase activity and kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition
Kinase Assay	Purified DT-diaphorase enzyme activity is assayed by measuring the reduction of cytochrome c at 550 nm on a Beckman DU 650 spectrophotometer. Each assay contains cytochrome c (70 μM), NADH (variable concentrations), purified DT-diaphorase (0.032 μg), and menadione (variable concentrations) in a final volume of 1 mL Tris–HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4) containing 0.14% BSA. The reaction is started by the addition of NADH. Rates of reduction are calculated over the initial part of the reaction curve (30 seconds), and results are expressed in terms of μmol cytochrome c reduced/min/mg protein using a molar extinction coefficient of 21.1 mM⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for reduced cytochrome c. Enzyme assays are carried out at room temperature and all reactions are performed in triplicate. Inhibition of purified DT-diaphorase activity is performed by the inclusion of DMXAA (at various concentrations) in the reaction, and inhibition characteristics are determined by varying the concentration of NADH (constant menadione) or menadione (constant NADH) at several concentrations of inhibitor. K_i values are obtained by plotting 1/V against. The activity of DT-diaphorase in DLD-1 cells is determined by measuring the dicumarol-sensitive reduction of DCPIP at 600 nm. Briefly, DLD-1 cells in mid-exponential growth are harvested by scraping into ice-cold buffer (Tris–HCl, 25 mM, pH 7.4 and 250 mM sucrose) and sonicated on ice. Enzyme assay conditions are 2 mM NADH, 40 μM DCPIP, 20 μL of dicumarol (when required) in a final volume of 1 mL Tris–HCl (25 mM, pH 7.4) containing BSA (0.7 mg/mL). Results are expressed as the dicumarol-sensitive reduction of DCPIP using a molar extinction coefficient of 21 mM⁻¹ cm⁻¹. Protein levels are determined using the Bradford assay
Cell Research	Cell lines	DLD-1 and H460 cells
	Concentrations	0-2 mM
	Incubation Time	96 hours
	Method	DLD-1 human colon carcinoma and H460 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells are routinely maintained as monolayer cultures in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with foetal calf serum (10%), sodium pyruvate (2 mM), penicillin/streptomycin (50 IU mL⁻¹/50 μg mL^-1) and l-glutamine (2 mM). Chemosensitivity is assessed using the MTT assay and all assays are performed under aerobic conditions. Briefly, cells are plated into each well of a 96-well culture plate and incubated overnight in an atmosphere containing 5% CO₂. Culture medium is completely removed from each well and replaced with medium containing a range of drug concentrations. In the case of menadione alone, the duration of drug exposure is 1 hour, after which the cells are washed twice with Hanks' balanced salt solution prior to the addition of 200 μL fresh RPMI 1640 medium to each well of the plate. In the case of DMXAA alone, the duration of drug exposure is 3 hours. Following a four-day incubation, cell survival is determined using the MTT assay. For combinations of DMXAA with menadione, cells are initially set up and a non-toxic (>95% cell survival) concentration of DMXAA is selected. Cells are then initially exposed to DMXAA (2 mM) for a period of 2 hours, following which the medium is removed and replaced with medium containing the inhibitor (DMXAA at a constant concentration of 2 mM) and menadione (at a range of drug concentrations). Following a further 7-hour incubation, cells are washed twice with Hanks' balanced salt solution prior to the addition of growth medium.
Experimental Result Images	Methods	Biomarkers	Images	PMID
	Western blot	p-MK2 / pERK / p-JNK p-p38 / p38		21819972
	Growth inhibition assay	Cell proliferation		30138430

In Vivo
In vivo	DMXAA treatment significantly protects C57BL/6J mice infected i.n. with 200 p.f.u. mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza PR8 virus with 60% survival, while the control group only exhibited 20% survival. ^[2] DMXAA significantly delays tumor growth induced by chemical carcinogen, increases the time to tumor doubling and increases time from treatment to euthanasia. After the treatment of DMXAA, median tumor doubling time, median tumour tripling time and median time from treatment to euthanasia in tumor-bearing animals are increased by approximately 4.4-, 1.8- and 2.7-fold, respectively. ^[4]
Animal Research	Animal Models	Chemical carcinogen (NMU) is injected into female Wistar rats.
	Dosages	≤300 mg/kg
	Administration	Administered via i.p.

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
Clinical Trial Information (data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
NCT00856336	Completed	Refractory Tumors	Antisoma Research	May 2003	Phase 1
NCT00863733	Completed	Solid Tumors	Cancer Research UK\|Cancer Society Auckland	May 1996	Phase 1

References

[4] Liu JJ, et al. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2007, 59(5), 661-669.

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Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight	282.29	Formula	C₁₇H₁₄O₄
CAS No.	117570-53-3	SDF	Download Vadimezan (DMXAA) SDF
Smiles	CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3O2)CC(=O)O)C
Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder	Storage of Stock Solutions Aliquot the stock solutions to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles	1 year-80°Cin solvent
Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder		1 month-20°Cin solvent

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 16 mg/mL ( (56.67 mM) Warmed with 50°C water bath; Ultrasonicated; Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

7.5%Sodium bicarbonate : 10 mg/mL (Ultrasonic and heating for 5 minutes.)

Water : Insoluble

Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo Batch: Add solvents to the product individually and in order.					In vivo Formulation Calculator
	Clear solution	7.5% sodium bicarbonate	10.0mg/ml (35.42mM)	Dissolve 10 mg of the product in 1 ml of 7.5% Sodium bicarbonate (7.5% sodium bicarbonate solution), and heat with ultrasonic for five minutes until the solution becomes clear.	In vivo Formulation Calculator
Clear solution	10%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%TWEEN80 3 45%ddH2O	1.6mg/ml (5.67mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL of 16 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 450 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	8% DMSO 1 40% PEG 300 2 5%Tween80 3 47% water	0.24mg/ml (0.85mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 80 μL of 3mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify it; then continue adding Dilute 470 μL ddH2O to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	10% DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 45%ddH2O	0.75mg/ml (2.66mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL of 7.5 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 450 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.

Preparing Stock Solutions

Molarity Calculator

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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

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Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

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Handling Instructions

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