Name: Kynurenic acid
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S4719
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (3 reviews)

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.94%

99.94

Related Targets	Adrenergic Receptor AChR 5-HT Receptor COX Calcium Channel Histamine Receptor Dopamine Receptor GABA Receptor TRP Channel Cholinesterase (ChE)
Other NMDAR Inhibitors	(+)-Dizocilpine (MK 801) Maleate NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid) (-)-Dizocilpine (MK 801) Maleate Ifenprodil Tartrate Memantine HCl Spermidine trihydrochloride Mephenesin Quinolinic acid Radiprodil (RGH-896) NMDAR antagonist 1

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 19 mg/mL (100.43 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : Insoluble

Ethanol : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
Mass value Mass unit	Concentration value Concentration unit	Volume value Volume unit	Molecular weight (g/mol)

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo batch selection In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.500mg/ml (2.64mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 10 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	5% DMSO 1 95% Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.250mg/ml (1.32mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 5 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg

Average weight of animals: g

Dosing volume per animal: μL

Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO

%

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

% DMSO

+

%

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	189.17	Formula	C₁₀H₇NO₃	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder
CAS No.	492-27-3	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	Quinurenic acid, Kynurenate			Smiles	C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C=C(N2)C(=O)O

Mechanism of Action

Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor glutamate receptors NMDAR
In vitro	Kynurenic acid(KYNA) is neuroactive tryptophan metabolites formed along the kynurenine pathway. It is considered a non-competitive antagonist of glutamate receptors of NMDA type. KYNA, at low concentration, inhibits FGF-1 release in all cellular models and displays a major stimulatory effect on the proliferation rate of mouse microglia and human glioblastoma cells, in vitro.
In vivo	Treatment with KYNA (30–100 mg per kg of body weight, intravenously) 4 h before the start of heat stress significantly (P<0.05) and dose-dependently decreases the survival time to new values of 152–356 min compared with normothermic rats. KYNA protects against hypotension but not hyperthermia during heatstroke. KYNA attenuates hypothalamic neuronal degeneration and apoptosis during heatstroke. Also spleen, kidney, liver, and lung apoptosis during heatstroke are decrease. KYNA up-regulates serum IL-10 levels but down-regulates serum TNF-α and ICAM-1 levels. KYNA treatment significantly prevents the occurrence of heat-induced multi-organ damage and inflammation without affecting the induced hyperthermia. Only high doses of KYNA proved to be neuroprotective in neonatal rats by reducing anoxia or hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain edema and in adult rats and gerbils given before ischemia induction. KYNA cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25674503/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16392031/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21293468/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6215086/

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT06029296	Not yet recruiting	Alcohol Use Disorder	University of Maryland Baltimore	April 2024	Early Phase 1
NCT06314503	Recruiting	Renal Insufficiency Chronic\|Kidney Failure Chronic\|Chronic Kidney Diseases	UMC Utrecht\|European Commission Horizon 2020\|Dutch Kidney Foundation\|Health Holland\|Nanodialysis Ltd\|Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)\|Servicio Madrileno De Salud (SERMAS)\|PPI Healthcare Consulting Ltd	January 22 2024	Not Applicable
NCT05488951	Recruiting	Dementia	Augusta University	July 1 2022	Not Applicable
NCT05969990	Recruiting	Migraine in Children	Qilu Hospital of Shandong University	January 1 2022	--
NCT05280054	Unknown status	Drug Drug Interaction	VistaGen Therapeutics Inc.\|Parexel	December 23 2021	Phase 1

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Kynurenic acid NMDAR antagonist

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 189.17