Home Proteases HCV Protease inhibitor - COVID-19 inhibitor Danoprevir (ITMN-191)

Danoprevir (ITMN-191)

Catalog No.S1183 Synonyms: RG7227

For research use only.

Danoprevir (ITMN-191, RG7227) is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with IC50 of 0.2-3.5 nM, inhibition effect for HCV genotypes 1A/1B/4/5/6 is ~10-fold higher than 2B/3A. Phase 2.

Danoprevir (ITMN-191) Chemical Structure

CAS No. 850876-88-9

Selleck's Danoprevir (ITMN-191) has been cited by 13 publications

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Biological Activity

Description Danoprevir (ITMN-191, RG7227) is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with IC50 of 0.2-3.5 nM, inhibition effect for HCV genotypes 1A/1B/4/5/6 is ~10-fold higher than 2B/3A. Phase 2.
Features A peptidomimetic inhibitor of the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Targets
HCV NS3/4A protease [1]
0.2 nM-3.5 nM
In vitro

Danoprevir (0.29 nM) inhibits the reference genotype 1 NS3/4A protease half-maximally, but a high dose of Danoprevir (10 μM) shows no appreciably inhibition in a panel of 79 proteases, ion channels, transporters, and cell surface receptors. Danoprevir remains bound to and inhibits NS3/4A for more than 5 hours after its initial association. Danoprevir (45 nM) eliminates a patient-derived HCV genotype 1b replicon from hepatocyte-derived Huh7 cells with an EC50 of 1.8 nM. [1] In HCV subgenomic replicon cell lines containing the individual mutations, V36M, R109K, and V170A substitutions confer little or no resistance to Danoprevir, but the R155K substitution confers a high level (62-fold increase) of resistance to Danoprevir. [2] In Huh7.5 cells transfected with chimeric recombinant virus, Danoprevir shows antiviral inhibition effects against HCV genotypes 1, 4 and 6 with IC50 of 2-3 nM, which are >100-fold lower than genotypes 2/3/5 (280-750 nM). [3]

In vivo Danoprevir (30 mg/kg) administered to rats or monkeys shows that its concentrations in liver 12 hours after dosing exceed the Danoprevir concentration required to eliminate replicon RNA from cells. [1]

Protocol (from reference)

Kinase Assay:[1]
  • Continuous fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay:

    The assay buffer contains 25 μM NS4A peptide, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 15% (vol/vol) glycerol, 0.6 mM lauryldimethylamine N-oxide, 10 mM dithiothreitol, and 0.5 μM fluorescein/QXL520-labeled FRET substrate {Ac-DE-Dap(QXL520)-EE-Abu-ψ-[COO]-AS-Cys(5-FAMsp)-NH2}. K2040 enzyme (50 pM) is added to initiate the reaction. Reactions are set up in black 96-well plates, and fluorescence data is collected. Control reactions lacking inhibitors and enzyme are included. Initial rates are calculated from the linear phase of the reaction (up to 1 hour) and are used to obtain IC50. Recovery of activity from preformed Danoprevir-NS3/4A complex is assessed by preincubating 10 nM NS3/4A with a two-fold excess of Danoprevir in 1× assay buffer for 15 min, followed by a rapid 200-fold dilution of the preformed complex into assay buffer containing substrate. A control reaction with the same final conditions without preincubation of NS3/4A and Danoprevir is initiated by the addition of enzyme to an otherwise-complete reaction mixture. Additional control reactions lack either Danoprevir or NS3. The progress of the reactions is followed over 5 hours.
Cell Research:[1]
  • Cell lines: Huh7 cells harboring HCV replicon
  • Concentrations: 5 pM - 100 nM
  • Incubation Time: 48 hours
  • Method: Serially diluted Danoprevir is added to Huh7 cells harboring the K2040 replicon 1 day after cell plating. For antiviral assays, after a 48-hour incubation, intracellular RNA is extracted, and the level of HCV replicon RNA is quantified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay with the primers (5'-CACTCCCCTGTGAGGAACTACTG-3' and 5'-AGGCTGCACGACACTCATACT-3') and a probe (5'-6-FAM-CTTCACGCAGAAAGCGTCTAGCCATGG-MGBNFQ-3' using an ABI Prism 7900 sequence detection system. Here, FAM is 6-carboxyfluorescin and MGBNFQ is a molecular-groove binding non-fluorescence quencher specific to the HCV 5' untranslated region. Single-tube reactions are performed using the TaqMan Gold RT-PCR kit. Triplicate reactions for the RNA standards and samples are performed in 50 μL with 5 μL intracellular RNA (50 ng). RT is carried out at 48 °C for 30 min followed by 10 min at 95 °C. The PCR is run as follows: 15 seconds at 95 °C and 1 min at 60 °C for 40 cycles. Each RNA concentration is determined in triplicate. The absolute concentration of replicon RNA is calculated based on its signal relative to that of a standard curve generated by known concentrations of an in vitro-transcribed RNA corresponding to a genotype 1b 5' untranslated region. Replicon levels in the presence of Danoprevir are fitted to a four-parameter logistic function to obtain EC50.
  • (Only for Reference)
Animal Research:[1]
  • Animal Models: Sprague-Dawley rats, Cynomolgus monkeys
  • Dosages: 30 mg/kg
  • Administration: Oral gavage
  • (Only for Reference)

Solubility (25°C)

In vitro

 DMSO 144 mg/mL
(196.76 mM)
Ethanol 144 mg/mL
(196.76 mM)
Water Insoluble

* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.

Chemical Information

Molecular Weight 731.83
Formula

C35H46FN5O9S
CAS No. 850876-88-9
Storage 3 years -20°C powder
2 years -80°C in solvent
Smiles CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NC1CCCCCC=CC2CC2(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C1=O)OC(=O)N4CC5=C(C4)C(=CC=C5)F)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C6CC6

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Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

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Clinical Trial Information

NCT Number Recruitment Interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT01714154 Completed Drug: danoprevir|Drug: ritonavir|Drug: setrobuvir Healthy Volunteer Hoffmann-La Roche November 2012 Phase 1
NCT01592318 Completed Drug: danoprevir|Drug: ritonavir Healthy Volunteer Hoffmann-La Roche May 2012 Phase 1
NCT01588002 Completed Drug: danoprevir|Drug: efavirenz|Drug: ritonavir Healthy Volunteer Hoffmann-La Roche April 2012 Phase 1
NCT01519336 Completed Drug: danoprevir|Drug: darunavir|Drug: ritonavir Healthy Volunteer Hoffmann-La Roche February 2012 Phase 1

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2022-01-17)

Tech Support

Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

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