Home Endocrinology & Hormones RAAS inhibitor Enalaprilat Dihydrate

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Enalaprilat Dihydrate RAAS inhibitor

Cat.No.S1657

Enalaprilat (MK-422) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.94 nM.
Enalaprilat Dihydrate RAAS inhibitor Chemical Structure

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 348.4

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Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight 348.4 Formula

C18H24N2O5.2H2O

 Storage (From the date of receipt)
CAS No. 84680-54-6 Download SDF Storage of Stock Solutions

Synonyms MK-422 Dihydrate Smiles CC(C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)O)NC(CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O.O.O

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 70 mg/mL (200.91 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : 5 mg/mL

Ethanol : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass Concentration Volume Molecular Weight

In vivo
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Mechanism of Action

Features
The 1st dicarboxylate-containing ACE inhibitor developed to overcome captopril limitations.
Targets/IC50/Ki
ACE [1]
1.94 nM
In vitro
Enalaprilat has high affinity for human endothelial ACE with IC50 of 1.94 nM in vitro binding assay by displacing a saturating concentration of [125I]351A, a radiolabeled lisinopril analogue from ACE binding sites, and shows bradykinin/angiotensin I selectivity ratio of 1.00 calculated from double displacement experiments. [1] Enalaprilat has the strong inhibitory effect on Aβ42-to-Aβ40-converting activity found in the N-domain of ACE, exhibiting a 10-fold lower IC50 (0.003~0.01 μM) than captopril (0.03~0.1 μM). [2] Enalaprilat (100 nM) blocks protein kinase C epsilon by directly activating bradykinin B1 receptor at the canonical Zn2+ binding site, leading to prolonged nitric oxide (NO) production in cytokine-treated human lung microvascular endothelial cells. [3] Enalaprilat attenuates the IGF-I induced neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast growth (30% reduction) in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 of 90 mM. [4]
Kinase Assay
Single displacement binding assay
The binding assay is based on the competitive displacement of [125I]351A by Enalaprilat performed on whole endothelial cells. Subconfluent HUVECs in 6-well plates are rinsed with 2 mL binding buffer (140 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 1.03 mM MgCl2, 0.42 mM NaH2PO4, 10 mM HEPES, 2 mM sodium pyruvate and 5 mM glucose, pH 7.4), and the culture medium is replaced with 2.5 mL fresh binding buffer containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The Enalaprilat (2.5-12.5 μL, 0.1-50 nM) or equivalent volumes of diluent are added to the binding buffer. A saturating amount of [125I]351A (10 μL, typically 106 cpm) is then added to each sample and the plates are incubated at 37 °C for 2 hours in a thermostatic bath. The cells are then rinsed twice with 1.5 mL binding buffer. Finally, the cells are extracted with 0.5 mL NaOH 1 N, incubated for 5 minutes, and the radioactivity is counted with a gamma counter. The ratio of specific [125I]351A bound to total bound activity (B/B0) is calculated, and the inhibitory potency of Enalaprilat expressed as the concentration of ACE inhibitors able to displace 50% of the bound radioligand, i.e. the IC50.
In vivo
Enalaprilat has unfavourable ionisation characteristics to allow sufficient potency for oral administration, thus Enalaprilat is only suitable for intravenous administration, which is overcome by the esterification with ethanol to produce Enalapril. Administration of Enalaprilat induces a significant reduction of MAP at 70 minutes compared with the placebo group during haemorrhagic shock in rats, and results in a 50% reduction of CO, a general tendency of EB extravasation which is significant in the kidney and lungs, and a significant increase in ileal EB extravasation (53%). [5] Enalaprilat has no effect in nonhypertrophied hearts, but significantly attenuates the greater increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in hypertrophied hearts compared with no drug. [6]
References
  • [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11139436/
  • [5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16490762/
  • [6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1314716/

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT03051282 Active not recruiting
Healthy Volunteers
University of Michigan
 April 1 2017 Phase 4
NCT02654678 Unknown status
Heart Failure|Dilated Cardiomyopathy|Congenital Heart Disease
Ethicare GmbH
 March 2016 Phase 2|Phase 3
NCT02652728 Unknown status
Heart Failure|Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Ethicare GmbH
 January 2016 Phase 2|Phase 3
NCT02652741 Unknown status
Heart Failure|Congenital Heart Disease
Ethicare GmbH
 January 2016 Phase 2|Phase 3

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