| S8254 |
FIN56
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FIN56 is a specific inducer of ferroptosis .
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Cell Metab, 2025, S1550-4131(25)00149-4
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Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):2597
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Mol Cell, 2025, 85(18):3474-3485.e5
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| S9663 |
iFSP1
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iFSP1 is a potent, selective and glutathione-independent inhibitor of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1/AIFM2) with EC50 of 103 nM. This compound selectively induces ferroptosis in GPX4-knockout Pfa1 and HT1080 cells that overexpresses FSP1.Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
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Cancer Commun (Lond), 2025, 10.1002/cac2.70036
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Cell Death Dis, 2025, 16(1):190
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Cell Rep, 2025, 44(9):116139
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| S8792 |
UAMC-3203
|
UAMC-3203 is an improved ferroptosis inhibitor with an IC50 value of 10 nM in IMR-32 Neuroblastoma Cells.
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Front Immunol, 2024, 15:1384606
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PeerJ, 2024, 12:e18227
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Cell Death Differ, 2023, 30(8):1988-2004
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| E0375 |
Ammonium ferric citrate
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Ammonium ferric citrate (Ferric ammonium citrate, Ammonium iron(III) citrate, Iron ammonium citrate, FerriSeltz) induces ferroptosis in non-small-cell lung carcinoma through the inhibition of GPX4-GSS/GSR-GGT axis activity.
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J Virol, 2025, 99(9):e0097425
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Theranostics, 2024, 14(16):6161-6184
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Antioxidants (Basel), 2024, 13(4)430
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| S9839 |
SRS11-92
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SRS11-92 (AA9), a Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) analogue, is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis. This compound inhibits ferroptotic cell death induced by Erastin in HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells with EC50 of 6 nM.
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J Oleo Sci, 2024, 73(7):991-999
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CNS Neurosci Ther, 2023, 10.1111/cns.14130
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| E1535 |
icFSP1
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icFSP1 is a potent, selective human ferroptosis suppressor protein-1 (hFSP1) inhibitor, promotes ferroptosis and indirectly inhibits FSP1 by inducing condensate formation.
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Nature, 2025, 10.1038/s41586-025-09709-1
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| S9840 |
SRS16-86
|
SRS16-86, a novel third-generation ferrostatin, is an inhibitor of ferroptosis.
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Chem Biol Interact, 2022, 369:110262
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| E1812 |
N6F11
|
N6F11 is an inducer of ferroptosis. This compound is bound to the RING domain of the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25) in cancer cells to trigger TRIM25-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), resulting in proteasomal degradation.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2024, 740:151015
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| S0910New |
Bufotalin
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Bufotalin is a bufadienolide from Venenum bufonis that acts as a novel inhibitor of GPX4 and induces iron-dependent ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, significantly reducing proliferation by accelerating GPX4 degradation and increasing intracellular Fe2+.
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| E1063 |
Piperazine Erastin
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Piperazine Erastin is an analog of Erastin, which can induces ferroptosis in cancer cells, an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death.
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| E1874 |
Erastin2
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Erastin2 is an inducer of ferroptosis. It also selectively inhibits xc(-) cystine/glutamate transporter. It induces ferroptosis in HT-1080, T98G, and A549 cells with the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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| E1867 |
NPD4928
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NPD4928 is an inhibitor of Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 (FSP1) that enhances ferroptosis. It enhances the cytotoxic effects on various cell types when combined with GPX4 antagonists.
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| E4962 |
Ferric citrate
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Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate, Zerenex) is a Class 1 ferroptosis inducer and a safe, effective oral phosphate binder that increases iron stores and reduces the need for IV iron and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents while maintaining hemoglobin. It is approved for treating hyperphosphatemia in dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and for iron deficiency anemia.
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| E1925 |
Butylhydroxyanisole
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Butylhydroxyanisole (Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA, E320) is an inhibitor of ferroptosis, a food preservative and antioxidant that prevents the formation of harmful compounds, extending shelf life. However, it's associated with liver toxicity, reproductive organ development issues, learning delays, and sleep problems.
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| E1574 |
FSEN1
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FSEN1 is a potent and non-competitive FSP1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 313 nM. It triggers iron death in cancer cells by inhibiting FSP1 and can be used in research of cancer.
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| S2111 |
Lapatinib (GW572016)
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Lapatinib is a potent EGFR and ErbB2 inhibitor with IC50 of 10.8 and 9.2 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Lapatinib induces ferroptosis and autophagic cell death.
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Nat Genet, 2025, 57(6):1452-1462
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Cancer Discov, 2025, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-0605
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Nat Cancer, 2025, 6(1):67-85
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| S1040 |
Sorafenib Tosylate (BAY 43-9006)
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Sorafenib tosylate is a multikinase inhibitor of Raf-1 and B-Raf with IC50 of 6 nM and 22 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. Sorafenib Tosylate inhibits VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3 and c-KIT with IC50 of 90 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM, 59 nM and 68 nM, respectively. Sorafenib Tosylate induces autophagy and apoptosis and activates ferroptosis with anti-tumor activity.
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Int J Oncol, 2025, 67(3)72
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Nature, 2024, 629(8013):927-936
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Cell Mol Life Sci, 2024, 81(1):238
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| S1623 |
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC chemical, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine)
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Acetylcysteine (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC,N-acetylcysteine) is a ROS(reactive oxygen species) inhibitor that antagonizes the activity of proteasome inhibitors. It is also a tumor necrosis factor production inhibitor. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB activation through inhibition of IκB kinases. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) induces apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Acetylcysteine(N-acetyl-l-cysteine) inhibits ferroptosis and virus replication.Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
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Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):341
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J Exp Med, 2025, 222(3)e20241248
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Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(36):e06150
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| S8790 |
ML385
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ML385 is a novel and specific NRF2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.9 μM. It inhibits the downstream target gene expression of NRF2. This compound regulates the activity of several ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation-related proteins.
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Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):323
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Redox Biol, 2025, 84:103657
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EMBO Mol Med, 2025, 10.1038/s44321-025-00293-5
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| S1007 |
Roxadustat (FG-4592)
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Roxadustat (FG-4592) is an HIF-α prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in a cell-free assay, stabilizes HIF-2 and induces EPO production. This compound also potentiates RSL3 induced ferroptosis. Phase 3.
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Immunity, 2025, S1074-7613(25)00139-6
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Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00338-8
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Mol Cell, 2025, 85(15):2973-2987.e6
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| S2556 |
Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653)
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Rosiglitazone is a potent antihyperglycemic agent and a potent thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer with IC50 of 12, 4 and 9 nM for rat, 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes, respectively. Rosiglitazone is a pure ligand of PPAR-gamma, and has no PPAR-alpha-binding action. Rosiglitazone modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. Rosiglitazone prevents ferroptosis.
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Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):394
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Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):6241
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Lab Invest, 2025, 105(4):104103
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| S7171 |
Setanaxib (GKT137831)
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Setanaxib (GKT137831, GKT831) is a potent, dual NADPH oxidase NOX1/NOX4 inhibitor with Ki of 110 nM and 140 nM, respectively. This compound suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and partly inhibits ferroptosis.
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Immunity, 2025, S1074-7613(25)00069-X
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Int J Biol Sci, 2025, 21(5):2313-2329
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Immunity, 2024, 57(1):52-67.e10
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| S7309 |
BAY 87-2243
|
BAY 87-2243 is a potent and selective hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) inhibitor. This compound inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity, thus triggering a mitophagy-dependent ROS increase leading to necroptosis and ferroptosis. It exerts antitumor activity. Phase 1.
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Cancer Sci, 2025, 116(8):2113-2124
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Cancer Sci, 2025, 10.1111/cas.70102
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Hum Reprod Open, 2024, 2024(1):hoae002
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| S1848 |
Curcumin
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Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane, Natural Yellow 3, Turmeric yellow) is the principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase(IC50~25 μM)and Histone deacetylase (HDAC); activates Nrf2 pathway and supresses the activation of NF-κB. Curcumin induces mitophagy, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest with antitumor activity. Curcumin reduces renal damage associated with rhabdomyolysis by decreasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Curcumin exhibits anti-infective properties against various human pathogens like the influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV and so on.
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J Biol Chem, 2025, 301(7):110305
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Mol Pain, 2025, 21:17448069251323668
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BMC Immunol, 2025, 26(1):67
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| S8661 |
CA3 (CIL56)
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CA3 (CIL56) has potent inhibitory effects on YAP1/Tead transcriptional activity and primarily targets YAP1 high and therapy-resistant esophageal adenocarcinoma cells endowed with CSC properties. CA3(CIL56) induces ferroptosis and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Gastric Cancer, 2025, 10.1007/s10120-025-01630-w
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Viruses, 2025, 17(3)400
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Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1):26968
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| S8078 |
Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402)
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Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402, TP-155, NSC 713200, CDDO Methyl Ester, CDDO-Me) is an IKK inhibitor, showing potent proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities; Also a potent Nrf2 activator and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor. Bardoxolone Methyl abrogates ferroptosis. Bardoxolone methyl induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.
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J Clin Invest, 2025, 135(14)e176655
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Redox Biol, 2025, 87:103885
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Research (Wash D C), 2025, 8:0980
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| S2505 |
Rosiglitazone maleate
|
Rosiglitazone maleate, a member of the thiazolidinedione class of antihyperglycaemic agents, is a high-affinity selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) with IC50 of 42 nM. This compound also modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. It prevents ferroptosis.
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Stem Cell Reports, 2022, 17(11):2531-2547
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Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(11):972
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Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)155
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| S3031 |
Linagliptin (GSK2118436)
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Linagliptin (GSK2118436) is a highly potent, selective DPP-4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM and exhibits a 10,000-fold higher selectivity for DPP-4 than for other dipeptidyl peptidases such as DPP-2, DPP-8, and DPP-9. This compound activates glomerular autophagy in a model of type 2 diabetes and mediates ferroptosis in TP53-deficient CRC cells via DPP4.
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Nature, 2025, 10.1038/s41586-025-08588-w
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Int J Biol Macromol, 2025, 330(Pt 3):148150
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Arthritis Res Ther, 2025, 27(1):40
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| S0788 |
ML-210
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ML-210 (CID 49766530) is a selective covalent inhibitor of cellular glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) with EC50 of 0.04 μM and induces ferroptosis. ML-210 can selectively kill cells induced to express mutant RAS. ML-210 exhibits anti-cancer activity.
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Nature, 2025, 10.1038/s41586-025-09709-1
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Cell Death Dis, 2025, 16(1):564
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Cell Death Dis, 2025, 16(1):614
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| S1576 |
Sulfasalazine
|
Sulfasalazine is a sulfa derivative of mesalazine, used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. This compound is a potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TGF-β and COX-2. It induces ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Med Oncol, 2024, 41(8):188
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Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023, 10(20):e2300517
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2022, 119(36):e2117396119
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| S1712 |
Deferasirox (ICL670)
|
Deferasirox is an iron chelator, also a cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer, Cytochrome P450 2C8 inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor. Deferasirox-induced iron depletion promotes BclxL downregulation and cell death.
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-
Front Immunol, 2025, 16:1502094
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Elife, 2023, 12RP88745
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J Transl Med, 2023, 21(1):50
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| S4452 |
ML162
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ML162 is a covalent inhibitor of cellular phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (GPX-4) that induces ferroptosis.
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-
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):1982
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J Adv Res, 2025, S2090-1232(25)00045-1
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Cell Death Dis, 2025, 16(1):614
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| S2046 |
Pioglitazone HCl
|
Pioglitazone HCl (AD-4833, U-72107E) is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C8 and CYP3A4 enzymes. This compound inhibits CYP2C8, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 with Ki of 1.7 μM, 11.8 μM and 32.1 μM, respectively. It is also a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist with EC50 of 0.93 μM and 0.99 μM for human PPARγ and mouse PPARγ, respectively. This chemical inhibits mitochondrial iron uptake, lipid peroxidation, and subsequent ferroptosis.
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J Transl Med, 2024, 22(1):593
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Commun Biol, 2022, 5(1):231
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J Genet Genomics, 2022, S1673-8527(22)00133-3
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| S1443 |
Zileuton
|
Zileuton is an orally active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, and thus inhibits leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) formation, used to decrease the symptoms of asthma. This compound induces apoptosis while inhibits ferroptosis.
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Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):8663
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J Transl Med, 2023, 21(1):923
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Cancer Sci, 2023, 10.1111/cas.15994
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| S8432 |
Troglitazone (CS-045)
|
Troglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR) that is a ligand activated transcription factor regulating cell differentiation and growth. Troglitazone induces autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis in bladder cancer cells. Troglitazone prevents RSL3-induced ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation in Pfa1 cells.
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CNS Neurosci Ther, 2024, 30(8):e14911
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Int J Mol Med, 2024, 53(4)37
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Free Radic Biol Med, 2021, 163:234-242
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| S3984 |
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)
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Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic antioxidant found in the leaves and twigs of the evergreen desert shrub, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville (creosote bush). It is a recognized inhibitor of lipoxygenase (LOX) and has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a cytotoxic insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R)/HER2 inhibitor and induces apoptosis.
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Gut Microbes, 2025, 17(1):2518338
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