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PD 98059 MEK inhibitor

Name: PD 98059
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1177
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (518 reviews)

Cat.No.S1177

PD98059 is a non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor with IC50 of 2 μM in a cell-free assay, specifically inhibits MEK-1-mediated activation of MAPK; does not directly inhibit ERK1 or ERK2. PD98059 is a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and functions as an AHR antagonist.

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 267.28

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.92%

99.92

Related Targets	ERK p38 MAPK Raf JNK Ras KRas S6 Kinase MAP4K TAK1 Mixed Lineage Kinase
Other MEK Inhibitors	PD0325901 (Mirdametinib) U0126-EtOH PD184352 (CI-1040) BIX 02189 Pimasertib (AS-703026) Refametinib (RDEA119) TAK-733 AZD8330 BIX 02188 SL-327

Cell Culture, Treatment & Working Concentration

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Formulation	Activity Description	PMID
TE4	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	upregulates the expression of HLA class I	24244023
MKN7	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases expression of HLA-A02 or HLA-A24 molecules	24244023
OE19	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases expression of HLA-A02 or HLA-A24 molecules	24244023
NCI-N87	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases expression of HLA-A02 or HLA-A24 molecules	24244023
KATOIII	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases expression of HLA-A02 or HLA-A24 molecules	24244023
NUGC3	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases expression of HLA-A02 or HLA-A24 molecules	24244023
NUGC2	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	increases expression of HLA-A02 or HLA-A24 molecules	24244023
SGC-7901	Apoptosis Assay	20 μM	24 h		inhibits CP-mediated apoptosis	24241351
MG-63	Function Assay	20 μM	0.5 h		blocks the CH-induced phosphorylated ELK1 protein expression	24239640
ARPE-19	Function Assay	20 μM	0.5 h		inhibits Apelin-induced phosphorylation of Erk and Akt	24227918
CRL-2302	Function Assay	20 μM	0.5 h		inhibits Apelin-induced phosphorylation of Erk and Akt	24227918
MCF-7	Apoptosis Assay	20 μM	1 h		increases caspase-9 enzyme activity	24216289
MCF-7	Function Assay	20 μM	1 h		abolishes expression of phosphorylated ERK co-treatment with conjugate	24216289
7402	Apoptosis Assay	30 μM	5 d		decreases cell proliferation	24211253
HT-29	Function Assay	20 μM	48 h		reduces the BNIP3 expression pre-treated with 5-aza-dC	24211581
DLD-1	Function Assay	20 μM	48 h		reduces the BNIP3 expression pre-treated with 5-aza-dC	24211581
7721	Apoptosis Assay	30 μM	5 d		decreases cell proliferation	24211253
SGC7901	Apoptosis Assay	50 μM	24/48/72 h	DMSO	induces apoptosis combined with JAK2 shRNA	24178240
SMMC7721	Function Assay	25/50 μM	24 h		suppresses the expression of p-Akt or p-ERK1/2	24168056
MCF-7	Growth Inhibition Assay	10 μM	48h	DMSO	reverses BNF-induced cell cycle arrest	24163404
Caco-2	Function Assay	50 μM	48h	DMSO	enhances the mRNA levels of SCNN1A,FXYD3, LCT, LOX, HIF3A, ZG16, PDE6A and LGALS16 genes co-treated with Dex	24161695
HAECs	Function Assay	10 μM	1 h		attenuates TNF-α-stimulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression	24134657
Ca9-22	Function Assay	3 μM	1 h		abolishes the ability of HbR to induce IL-8 production	24126532
Ca9-22	Function Assay	3 μM	1/2 h		reduces HbR-induced ATF-2 phosphorylation	24126532
AGS	Function Assay	10 μM	0.5 h		inhibits the upregulation of the IL-8 gene	24106166
Caco-2	Apoptosis Assay	10 μM	24 h		decreases cell apoptosis induced by 5-FU	24095863
A549	Function Assay	50 μM	2 h		blocks ERK phosphorylation mediated by 1,2-NQ	24067727
HPMC	Function Assay	10 μM	48 h		reverses the changes in cell morphology induced by HGPDS	24042838
HCT-8	Apoptosis Assay	10 μM	24 h		decreases cell apoptosis induced by 5-FU	24095863
HPMC	Apoptosis Assay	10 μM	24 h		reverses decrease in cell viability induced by HGPDS	24042838
MGC803	Apoptosis Assay	20 μM	1 h		inhibits apoptosis induced by IFN-α and 5′-DFUR	24027750
SGC7901	Apoptosis Assay	20 μM	1 h		inhibits apoptosis induced by IFN-α and 5′-DFUR	24027750
G292	Apoptosis Assay	30 μM	2 h		restores capsaicin-induced cell death	24012930
COLO205	Apoptosis Assay	10/20/40 μM	24 h		induces DNA ladder formation	24019108
BxPC-3	Function Assay	10 μM	6 h		increase miR-143 expression	23973710
HPAF-II	Function Assay	10 μM	6 h		increase miR-143 expression	23973710
HepG2	Function Assay	40 μM	6/12 h		inhibits the increase of p-ERK1 and p-c-Jun protein expression by PL	23942851
HL-60	Apoptosis Assay	50 μM	1 h		rescues BA145 mediated apoptosis	23948751
LNCaP	Function Assay	10 μM	1 h		decreases the EGF upregulated p-YB-1	23838318
HUVECs	Function Assay	25 μM	1 h		increase NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation	23901008
HL60	Function Assay	20 μM	72 h	DMSO	inhibits -induced CD11b expression	23825585
NB4	Function Assay	10 μM	72 h	DMSO	inhibits -induced CD11b expression	23825585
EPOR/CR3	Function Assay	50 μM	3 h		reduces EPO and/or IL-3-induced the tyrosine phosphorylation	23820731
HUASMCs	Function Assay	10 μM	24 h		inhibits Ang II-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation level	23816468
HUASMCs	Function Assay	10 μM	24 h		diminishes Ang II-caused SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression	23816468
SGC7901	Function Assay	10 μM	24 h		inhibits the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2	23792588
MKN45	Growth Inhibition Assay	10 μM	24/48/72 h		inhibits cell growth co-treated with DAPT	23792588
SGC7901	Growth Inhibition Assay	10 μM	24/48/72 h		inhibits cell growth co-treated with DAPT	23792588
MKN45	Function Assay	10 μM	24 h		inhibits the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2	23792588
SGC7901	Apoptosis Assay	10 μM	24 h		increases the DAPT-induced cell apoptosis	23792588
MKN45	Apoptosis Assay	10 μM	24 h		increases the DAPT-induced cell apoptosis	23792588
BxPC-3 cells	Growth Inhibition Assay	20 μM	0.5 h		inhibits VEGF-A-regulated HUVEC growth and tube formation induced by PAR-2 AP	23764046
NB4	Apoptosis Assay	10/20/60 μM	1.5 h	DMSO	decreases cell viability co-treated	23735541
HepG2	Function Assay	20 μM	24 h		inhibits the HO-1 protein expression co-treated	23707609
HUVECs	Apoptosis Assay	2/4 μM	24/48 h		induces cell death	23707520
KG-1	Apoptosis Assay	20 μM	12 h		enhances cell apoptosis induced by S1	23706691
AML 1#	Apoptosis Assay	20 μM	12 h		enhances cell apoptosis induced by S1	23706691
A2780	Function Assay	20 μM	1 h		blocks DTCD-induced DR5 expression	23696862
KYSE30	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	upregulates the expression of HLA class I	24244023
TE5	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	upregulates the expression of HLA class I	24244023
TE1	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	upregulates the expression of HLA class I	24244023
TE3	Function Assay	50 μM	48 h	DMSO	upregulates the expression of HLA class I	24244023
KYSE30	Function Assay	20/50/100 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits p-Erk and wortmannin downregulated p-Akt in a dose-dependent manner	24244023
TE1	Function Assay	20/50/100 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits p-Erk and wortmannin downregulated p-Akt in a dose-dependent manner	24244023
TE4	Function Assay	20/50/100 μM	48 h	DMSO	inhibits p-Erk and wortmannin downregulated p-Akt in a dose-dependent manner	24244023
HT29	Function Assay	10 μM	2 h		inhibits of JAK2, ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation	24265293
HepG2	Apoptosis Assay	20 μM	24 h		inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation and enhances VB1-induced apoptosis	24247909
HepG2	Function Assay	20 μM	2 h		enhances VB1-induced FOXO3a transcriptional activity	24247909
MC-3	Apoptosis Assay	10 μM	24 h		potentiated MESC-induced apoptosis in cells	24270523
Raji	Function Assay	10 μM	1 h		blocks hsBAFF induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation	24269630
Raji	Growth Inhibition Assay	10 μM	1 h		inhibits the basal or hsBAFF-stimulated cell proliferation and viability	24269630
A549	Function Assay	30 μM	0.5 h	DMSO	inhibits thrombin-induced C/EBPβ Thr235 phosphorylation	24277696
HCSMCs	Growth Inhibition Assay	10 μM	24 h		blocks FABP4-induced HCASMC proliferation	24312381
PANC-1	Function Assay	20 μM	48 h		inhibits the expression of Δ6D in response to the PPARδ agonist	24294133
A549	Function Assay	30 μM	0.5 h	DMSO	inhibits the thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8-Luc activity	24277696
SW480	Function Assay	10 μM	20 h	DMSO	suppresses the CRT activity	24324366
HEK 293	Function Assay	10 μM	5 h	DMSO	inhibits Wnt-induced β-catenin/TCF4 activity and nuclear β-catenin accumulation	24324366
HEK 293	Function Assay	10 μM	5 h	DMSO	suppresses the CRT activity	24324366
HL-60	Function Assay	10/20 μM	1 h		inhibits the N. chinensisextract induced differentiation into granulocytes	24357020
HL-60	Function Assay	2 µM	16 h	DMSO	inhibits the association of pS621 Raf-1 and NFATc3, and the RA-induced phosphorylation of nuclear NFATc3	24330068
HeLa	Function Assay	50 μM	0.5 h		blocks TRX-1 nuclear migration and TXNIP down-regulation	24376827
HUVECs	Function Assay	10 μM	1 h		inhibits the HDL reduced COX-2 expression and PGI-2 release	24385109
MCF-7	Function Assay	10 μM	10/30 min		reduces the UTP-dependent ERK phosphorylation	24390819
HGC-27	Apoptosis Assay	1 µM	1 h		suppresses RAD001 plus MK-2206-induced cell viability loss	24416349
PC3	Apoptosis Assay	50 μM	0.5 h		inhibits MHY-449-induced apoptosis	24424889
HPAEpiCs	Function Assay	30 μM	1 h		inhibits TNF-α stimulated p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation	24441870
BeWo	Function Assay	10 μM	2 h		inhibits ERK1/2	24433846
A498	Apoptosis Assay	50 μM	24 h		potentiates the pro-apoptotic effects of NC	24508476
NHBE	Function Assay	2/20 μM	2 h		attenuates IL-33 stimulated CXCL8/IL-8 secretion	24479526
A375	Cell Invasion Assay	10–20 µM	24 h		reduces melanoma cell invasion	24466036
HBMEC	Function Assay	10 μM	1 h		blocks VEGF-induced EphA2 expression	24458982
HCT-15	Function Assay		1 h		attenuates PGE2-induced phosphorylation of Erk	25431425
HCT-15	Apoptosis Assay		1 h		abolishes the protective effects of PGE2 against curcumin-induced apoptosis	25431425
786-O	Apoptosis Assay	50 μM	24 h		potentiates the pro-apoptotic effects of NC	24508476
HepG2	Growth Inhibition Assay	20 μM	24 h		suppresses TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation and invasion	25560488
SW480	Function Assay	20 μM	1 h		reduces the expression of ATF3 protein	25447816
MDA-MB-231	Function Assay	25 μM	2-3 h		decreases p-ERK1/2 and S100A4 expression	25555875
HepG2	Function Assay	10 μM	5 h		blocks phosphorylated MAPKs induced by exogenous TGF-β1	25560488
MCF-7	Function Assay	10 μM	1 h		inhibits IL-18-enhanced cell migration	25727011
H1355	Function Assay	25 μM	1 h		blunts the B[a]P-induced increase in phospho-Chk1 and phospho-ERK expression	25769181
PC12	Function assay				Inhibition of nerve growth factor-mediated MAP kinase activity in human PC12 cells, IC50 = 2 μM.	18077363
HT-29	Antiproliferative assay		5 days		Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 5 days by WST1 assay, IC50 = 4 μM.	25078316
IEC6	Function assay		5 mins		Inhibition of MEK1/2 in rat IEC6 cells assessed as reduction in ERK1/2 loop phosphorylation dosed 30 mins before to stimulation with 10% serum for 5 mins by immunoblotting method, IC50 = 4.2 μM.	25078316
NG 108-15	Function assay				Concentration required to abolish MAPK activity in mouse neuroblastoma and rat glioma hybrid NG 108-15 cells, Activity = 10 μM.	15537354
PC12	Function assay	10 uM	5 hrs		Activation of Nrf2/ARE in rat PC12 cells assessed as HO-1 protein induction at 10 uM after 5 hrs pretreated with JNK inhibitor SP600125 for 1 hr before compound addition by Western blot analysis	21345685
PC12	Function assay	10 uM	5 hrs		Activation of Nrf2/ARE in rat PC12 cells assessed as HO-1 protein induction at 10 uM after 5 hrs pretreated with MEK2 inhibitor U0126 for 1 hr before compound addition by Western blot analysis	21345685
PC12	Function assay	10 uM	5 hrs		Activation of Nrf2/ARE in rat PC12 cells assessed as HO-1 protein induction at 10 uM after 5 hrs pretreated with MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 for 1 hr before compound addition by Western blot analysis	21345685
HeLa	Function assay	20 uM	3 hrs		Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human HeLa cells at 20 uM after 3 hrs by Western blotting analysis	23570615
RD	qHTS assay				qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	29435139
NB1643	qHTS assay				qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	29435139
RD	qHTS assay				qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells	29435139
SK-N-MC	qHTS assay				qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	29435139
TC32	qHTS assay				qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells	29435139
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	50 uM			Downregulation of MMP2 in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 50 uM by Western blot analysis	22926226
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	50 uM			Downregulation of MMP9 in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 50 uM by Western blot analysis	22926226
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 46 mg/mL (172.1 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : Insoluble

Ethanol : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
Mass value Mass unit	Concentration value Concentration unit	Volume value Volume unit	Molecular weight (g/mol)

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo batch selection In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	4%DMSO 1 30%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 61%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	1.000mg/ml (3.74mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 40 μL 25 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 300 μL PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify it; then continue to add 610 μL ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	1.000mg/ml (3.74mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 20 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

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Average weight of animals: g

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Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
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Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	267.28	Formula	C₁₆H₁₃NO₃	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder
CAS No.	167869-21-8	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	N/A			Smiles	COC1=CC=CC(=C1N)C2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2

Mechanism of Action

Features	Does not inhibit c-Raf phosphorylated MEK1.
Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	AhR (Cell-free assay) 1 μM MEK1 (Cell-free assay) 2 μM
In vitro	PD98059 inhibits either basal MEK1 or a partially activated MEK produced by mutation of serine at residues 218 and 222 to glutamate (MEK-2E) with IC50 of 2 μM. This compound does not inhibit the MAPK homologues JNK and P38. It is highly selective against MEK, as it does not inhibit a number of other kinase activities including Raf kinase, cAMP-dependent kinase, protein kinase C, v-Src, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase, insulin receptor kinase, PDGF receptor kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. This inhibitor inhibits PDGF-stimulated activation of MAPK and thymidine incorporation into 3T3 cells with IC50 of ~10 μM and ~7 μM, respectively. It potently prevents the activation of MEK1 by Raf or MEK kinase with IC50 of 4 μM, and weakly inhibits the activation of MEK2 by Raf with IC50 of 50 μM. This chemical does not inhibit the activation of MEK homologues MKK4 and RK kinase that participate in stress and interleukin-1-stimulated kinase cascades in KB and PC12 cells, and the activation of p70 S6 kinase by insulin or epidermal growth factor in Swiss 3T3 cells. It completely blocks the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 cells without altering cell viability. This compound inhibits the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in the culture containing RANKL in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an apparent decrease of TRAP-positive cells.
Kinase Assay	In vitro MEK-inhibitory activity
Kinase Assay	Incorporation of ³²P into myelin basic protein (MBP) is assayed in the presence of glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins containing the 44-kDa MAPK (GST-MAPK) or the 45-kDa MEK (GST-MEK1). Assays are conducted in 50 μL of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.4/10 mM MgCl₂/2 mM EGTA/10 μM [γ-³²P]ATP containing 10 μg of GST-MEK1, 0.5 μg of GST-MAPK, and 40 μg of MBP. After incubation at 30°C for 15 minutes, reactions are stopped by addition of Laemmli SDS sample buffer. Phosphorylated MBP is resolved by SDS/10% PAGE.
In vivo	Treatment of mice 30 minutes before focal cerebral ischemia with PD98059 protects against damage, resulting in a decrease in infarct volume. Pretreated with this compound 30 minutes before and then together with hourly cerulein injections for 3 hours significantly ameliorates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis ipancreatitis on the basis of pancreatic wet weight and histology. Administration of this chemical (10 mg/kg) in mice 1 hour after carrageenan causes a reduction in all the parameters of inflammation measured.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7644477/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7499206/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7775407/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12237315/ [5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10536014/ [6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12370536/ [7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20074457/ [8] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11254111/ [9] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17161815/ [10] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14506750/ [11] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14506750/ [12] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9495809/

Applications

Methods	Biomarkers	Images	PMID
Western blot	c-Jun / α-tubulin / p-ERK / ERK / p-AKT / AKT p-JNK / JNK / Cyclin D1 p-HER2 / HER2 MMP9 / XIAP / VEGF		17482134

Tech Support

Handling Instructions

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Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1:
How to formulate this inhibitor for i.p. injection?

Answer:
You can prepare the stock of this compound by the vehicle 30% PEG400/0.5% Tween80/5% Propylene glycol, 0.5% CMC.

C1=C0/X	C1:	LOG(C1):
C2=C1/X	C2:	LOG(C2):
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C5=C4/X	C5:	LOG(C5):
C6=C5/X	C6:	LOG(C6):
C7=C6/X	C7:	LOG(C7):
C8=C7/X	C8:	LOG(C8):