Cysteine Protease Inhibitors

Cat.No. Product Name Information Product Use Citations Product Validations
S7393 Aloxistatin (E-64d) Aloxistatin (E64d) is an irreversible and membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor with blood platelet aggregation inhibiting activity. The cysteine protease cathepsin L is required for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, and aloxistatin treatment reduced cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirions by 92.3%.
PLoS Pathog, 2026, 22(2):e1013946
Nat Chem Biol, 2025, 10.1038/s41589-025-01907-2
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 44(1):317
S7396 Calpeptin Calpeptin is a potent, cell-permeable calpain inhibitor with ID50 of 52 nM, 34 nM, 138 nM, and 40 nM for Calpain I (porcine erythrocytes), Calpain II (porcine kidney), Papainb, and Calpain I (human platelets), respectively. This compound attenuates apoptosis and intracellular inflammatory changes in muscle cells.
EMBO Mol Med, 2025, 17(12):3355-3376
Transl Psychiatry, 2025, 15(1):52
Mol Med, 2025, 31(1):166
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S1115 Odanacatib Odanacatib is a potent, selective, and neutral inhibitor of cathepsin K (human/rabbit) with IC50 of 0.2 nM/1 nM, and demonstrated high selectivity versus off-target cathepsin B, L, S. Phase 3.
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2025, 16:1588394
PLoS One, 2025, 20(7):e0327246
Int Dent J, 2025, 75(4):100810
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S7379 E-64 E-64 is an irreversible and selective cysteine protease inhibitor, and also inhibits papain, calpain, and cathepsins B and H, but not serine proteases or aspartic proteases. The IC50 for papain is 9 nM. This compound induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in Filarial Parasite.
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):5403
Elife, 2025, 14RP104057
bioRxiv, 2024, 2024.09.30.615241
S7386 MG-101 (ALLN) MG-101 (ALLN, Calpain inhibitor-1, Ac-LLnL-CHO) is a cell-permeable and potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases including calpains and lysosomal cathepsins.
eLife, October 28, 2020, e58868
Preprints.org, February 24, 2026, nan
American Journal of Cancer Research, August 1, 2019, 1682-1694
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S3692 N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) NEM (N-Ethylmaleimide) is an organic compound that is derived from maleic acid. It is an irreversible inhibitor of all cysteine peptidases, with alkylation occurring at the active site thiol group. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) inactivates endogenous deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) specifically inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria.
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):7812
Inflammation, 2025, 10.1007/s10753-025-02273-w
Toxicol Lett, 2025, 406:31-37
S7391 Z-FA-FMK Z-FA-FMK ((1S)-Z-FA-FMK) is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor, and also inhibits effector caspases.
Cell Reports, April 6, 2021, 108959
Eur J Med Chem, 2025, 300:118108
Cancer Res, 2022, can.21.4222
S2847 Cathepsin Inhibitor 1 Cathepsin Inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of Cathepsin (L, L2, S, K, B) with pIC50 of 7.9, 6.7, 6.0, 5.5 and 5.2, respectively.
bioRxiv, 2025, 2025.09.08.674976
Cell Mol Life Sci, 2024, 81(1):442
Elife, 2023, 12e79144
S7424 PD 151746 PD 151746 is a selective, cell-permeable calpain inhibitor with Ki of 0.26 μM for μ-Calpain, about 20-fold selectivity over m-calpain.
PLoS Pathog, 2021, 17(9):e1009889
Cell, 2019, 177(5):1262-1279
Life Sci, 2019, 222:195-202
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S7392 Loxistatin Acid (E-64C) Loxistatin Acid (E-64C, NSC 694279, EP 475), a derivative of E-64, is an irreversible and membrane-permeant cysteine protease inhibitor. This compound inhibits cathepsin L, a cysteine protease required for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry.
Nat Chem Biol, 2025, 10.1038/s41589-025-01907-2
ACS Chem Biol, 2021, 16(9):1628-1643
Sci Signal, 2018, 11(518)eaao0422
E2886 LY3000328 LY 3000328 (Z-FL-COCHO, Compound 5) is a potent and selective Cathepsin S (Cat S) inhibitor with IC50s of 7.7 and 1.67 nM for human Cat S and mouse Cat S, respectively.
Exp Cell Res, 2025, 450(2):114663
Respir Res, 2024, 25(1):441
E2899 MG132 SSS MG132 SSS(Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al, MG132) is a potent proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC50 of 100 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively.
Journal of Advanced Research, 2025, S2090-1232(25)00940-3
J Adv Res, 2025, S2090-1232(25)00940-3
Nature Communications, 2024, 244
S7395 PD 150606 PD150606 is a potent and selective inhibitor of calpainwith Ki values of 0.21 µM for µ-calpain and 0.37 µM for m-calpain. It exhibits neuroprotective effects by reducing hypoxic/hypoglycemic injury in cerebrocortical neurons and excitotoxic damage in cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Exp Eye Res, 2025, 258:110435
S0722 Cruzain-IN-1 Cruzain-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of trypanosomal cysteine proteases and a covalent and reversible Cruzain inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM.
P1157 Z-FY-CHO Z-FY-CHO (Z-Phe-Tyr-CHO) is a potent and specific inhibitor of Cathepsin L (CTSL) that ameliorates cell apoptosis and preserves effective autophagic degradation.
S0194 Balicatib Balicatib (AAE-581) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the osteoclastic enzyme cathepsin K.
S5611 2-cyano-Pyrimidine 2-cyano-Pyrimidine is a cathepsin K inhibitor with an IC50 of 170 nM.
E4453 Cathepsin G Inhibitor I Cathepsin G Inhibitor I exhibits reversible, competitive cathepsin G inhibition with IC50 and Ki values of 53 nM and 63 nM respectively. It can be used in antigen-processing studies and for modulation of T cell response in situ and in vivo.
S1013 Bortezomib Bortezomib is a potent 20S proteasome inhibitor with Ki of 0.6 nM. It exhibits favorable selectivity towards tumor cells over normal cells. This compound inhibits NF-κB and induces ERK phosphorylation to suppress cathepsin B and inhibit the catalytic process of autophagy in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors.
Cancer Res, 2026, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4114.
J Cell Mol Med, 2026, 30(4):e71053
J Proteomics, 2026, 322:105536
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S7420 CA-074 methyl ester (CA-074 Me) CA-074 methyl ester (CA-074 Me, Cathepsin B Inhibitor IV) is a membrane-permeable derivative of CA-074 and acts as an irreversible cathepsin B inhibitor.
Mol Cancer, 2025, 24(1):253
Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00330-3
NPJ Vaccines, 2025, 10(1):184
S7381 Pepstatin A Pepstatin A (Pepstatin) is a potent aspartic protease inhibitor, and also inhibits HIV replication. Pepstatin A is also an inhibitor of cathepsins D and cathepsins E. Pepstatin A inhibits autophagy by suppressing lysosomal proteases.
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):412
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):4069
Autophagy, 2025, 21(11):2473-2496
S7380 Leupeptin Hemisulfate Leupeptin Hemisulfate is a reversible inhibitor of serine and cysteine proteases. It inhibits cathepsin B (Ki = 6 nM), calpain (Ki = 10 nM), trypsin (Ki = 35 nM), plasmin (Ki = 3.4 μM), and kallikrein (Ki = 19 μM), and has no effect against chymotrypsin, elastase, renin, or pepsin.
Adv Mater, 2025, e18445.
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):4069
J Adv Res, 2025, S2090-1232(25)00056-6
S3025 PMSF PMSF (Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride, Benzylsulfonyl fluoride) is an irreversible serine/cysteine protease inhibitor.
Cell Death Discov, 2024, 10(1):171
Cell Biosci, 2023, 13(1):9
Cell Mol Immunol, 2022, 19(10):1153-1167
S7394 MDL-28170 MDL-28170 (Calpain Inhibitor III) is a potent and selective calpain inhibitor of calpain that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and inhibits brain cysteine protease activity after systemic administration. This compound is also an inhibitor of γ-secretase.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, July 6, 2023, 17:1199656
Journal of Ginseng Research, January 15, 2023, 47(1):144-154
Frontiers in Pharmacology, August 2, 2022, 13:920977
S4591 Nitroxoline Nitroxoline (8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline, 5-nitroquinolin-8-ol, 5-Nitro-8-quinolinol, 5-Nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline) is a urinary antibacterial agent active against susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative organisms commonly found in urinary tract infections. This compound impairs tumor progression in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting cathepsin B activity.
Transl Psychiatry, 2024, 14(1):166
Int J Biol Sci, 2022, 18(13):5207-5220
Microorganisms, 2022, 10(7)1421