Name: Vadimezan (DMXAA)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S1537
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (45 reviews)

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.94%

99.94

Related Targets	EGFR VEGFR JAK PDGFR FGFR Src HIF FLT FLT3 HER2
Other VDA Inhibitors	Plinabulin

Cell Culture, Treatment & Working Concentration

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description	PMID
human BJ cells	Cytotoxic assay		24 h	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay, CC50=48.9 μM	24518295
HECPP cells	Function assay	10 ug/mL		Activation of NF-kappaB in HECPP cells at 10 ug/mL	17616114
MCF7	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 11.89 μM.	29129511
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 12.12 μM.	29129511
K562	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 19.14 μM.	29129511
HepG2	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 21.25 μM.	29129511
COLO320	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human COLO320 cells after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay, IC50 = 39.5 μM.	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay		48 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by CCK8 assay, IC50 = 48.4 μM.	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Growth inhibition assay		24 hrs	Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 48.42 μM.	29609121
MDA-MB-231	Antiproliferative assay		24 hrs	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay, IC50 = 48.44 μM.	29129511
A673	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	29435139
DAOY	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	29435139
RD	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	29435139
SK-N-SH	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	29435139
MG 63 (6-TG R)	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	29435139
NB1643	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	29435139
Rh41	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	29435139
SK-N-MC	qHTS assay			qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	29435139
MDA-MB-231	Apoptosis assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-3 expression at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Apoptosis assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP level at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Decrease in caspase-3 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Increase in p53 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Decrease in caspase-9 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
MDA-MB-231	Function assay	24 to 96 uM	48 hrs	Decrease in MDM2 level in human MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 to 96 uM after 48 hrs by Western blot analysis	28376372
HepG2	Cell cycle arrest assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Cell cycle arrest in human HepG2 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method relative to control	29129511
HepG2	Cell cycle arrest assay		24 hrs	Cell cycle arrest in human HepG2 cells assessed as accumulation at S phase co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-3 levels at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-9 levels at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP levels co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay	0.2 uM	24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved PARP levels at 0.2 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-3 levels co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in cleaved caspase-9 levels co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as downregulation of Bcl-xL expression co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
HepG2	Apoptosis assay		24 hrs	Induction of apoptosis in human HepG2 cells assessed as upregulation of Bid expression co-treated with pyranoxanthone at 1:1 molar ratio after 24 hrs by Western blot method	29129511
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 16 mg/mL (56.67 mM) Warmed with 50°C water bath; Ultrasonicated;
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

7.5%Sodium bicarbonate : 10 mg/mL (Ultrasonic and heating for 5 minutes.)

Water : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
Mass value Mass unit	Concentration value Concentration unit	Volume value Volume unit	Molecular weight (g/mol)

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo batch selection In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	7.5% sodium bicarbonate Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	10.000mg/ml (35.42mM)	Dissolve 10 mg of the product in 1 ml of 7.5% Sodium bicarbonate (7.5% sodium bicarbonate solution), and heat with ultrasonic for five minutes until the solution becomes clear.
Clear solution	10%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%TWEEN80 3 45%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	1.600mg/ml (5.67mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL of 16 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 450 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	8% DMSO 1 40% PEG 300 2 5%Tween80 3 47% water Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.240mg/ml (0.85mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 80 μL of 3mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify it; then continue adding Dilute 470 μL ddH2O to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	10% DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 45%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.750mg/ml (2.66mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL of 7.5 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 450 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg

Average weight of animals: g

Dosing volume per animal: μL

Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO

%

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

% DMSO

+

%

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	282.29	Formula	C₁₇H₁₄O₄	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder
CAS No.	117570-53-3	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	ASA404, NSC 640488			Smiles	CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC(=C3O2)CC(=O)O)C

Mechanism of Action

Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	DT-diaphorase (Cell-free assay) 20 μM(Ki) DT-diaphorase (Cell-free assay) 20 μM(Ki)
In vitro	In DLD-1 human colon carcinoma cells, Vadimezan (DMXAA) inhibits DT-diaphorase activity without significant effects on the activity of cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome P450 reductase. Combination of menadione and this compound leads to an increase in the antiproliferative activity of DLD-1 cells. As an antiviral agent, it inhibits VSV-induced cytotoxicity and influenza virus replication in RAW 264.7 macrophages. A recent study shows that DMXAA has non-immune-mediated inhibitory effects against several kinase members of VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor), such as VEGFR2 signalling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Kinase Assay	DT-diaphorase activity and kinetic analysis of enzyme inhibition
Kinase Assay	Purified DT-diaphorase enzyme activity is assayed by measuring the reduction of cytochrome c at 550 nm on a Beckman DU 650 spectrophotometer. Each assay contains cytochrome c (70 μM), NADH (variable concentrations), purified DT-diaphorase (0.032 μg), and menadione (variable concentrations) in a final volume of 1 mL Tris–HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4) containing 0.14% BSA. The reaction is started by the addition of NADH. Rates of reduction are calculated over the initial part of the reaction curve (30 seconds), and results are expressed in terms of μmol cytochrome c reduced/min/mg protein using a molar extinction coefficient of 21.1 mM⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for reduced cytochrome c. Enzyme assays are carried out at room temperature and all reactions are performed in triplicate. Inhibition of purified DT-diaphorase activity is performed by the inclusion of Vadimezan (DMXAA) at various concentrations in the reaction, and inhibition characteristics are determined by varying the concentration of NADH (constant menadione) or menadione (constant NADH) at several concentrations of this compound. K_i values are obtained by plotting 1/V against. The activity of DT-diaphorase in DLD-1 cells is determined by measuring the dicumarol-sensitive reduction of DCPIP at 600 nm. Briefly, DLD-1 cells in mid-exponential growth are harvested by scraping into ice-cold buffer (Tris–HCl, 25 mM, pH 7.4 and 250 mM sucrose) and sonicated on ice. Enzyme assay conditions are 2 mM NADH, 40 μM DCPIP, 20 μL of dicumarol (when required) in a final volume of 1 mL Tris–HCl (25 mM, pH 7.4) containing BSA (0.7 mg/mL). Results are expressed as the dicumarol-sensitive reduction of DCPIP using a molar extinction coefficient of 21 mM⁻¹ cm⁻¹. Protein levels are determined using the Bradford assay
In vivo	Vadimezan (DMXAA) treatment significantly protects C57BL/6J mice infected i.n. with 200 p.f.u. mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza PR8 virus with 60% survival, while the control group only exhibited 20% survival. This compound significantly delays tumor growth induced by chemical carcinogen, increases the time to tumor doubling and increases time from treatment to euthanasia. After its treatment, median tumor doubling time, median tumour tripling time and median time from treatment to euthanasia in tumor-bearing animals are increased by approximately 4.4-, 1.8- and 2.7-fold, respectively.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10423172/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21084628/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22142330/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16944150/

Applications

Methods	Biomarkers	Images	PMID
Western blot	p-p38 / p38 p-MK2 / pERK / p-JNK		21819972
Growth inhibition assay	Cell proliferation		30138430

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT00856336	Completed	Refractory Tumors	Antisoma Research	May 2003	Phase 1
NCT00863733	Completed	Solid Tumors	Cancer Research UK\|Cancer Society Auckland	May 1996	Phase 1

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Vadimezan (DMXAA) Vascular Disrupting Agent

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 282.29