Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate
Catalog No.S2057
Molecular Weight(MW): 279.1
Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, it attaches the alkyl group to the guanine base of DNA, shown to crosslink DNA, causing strand breakage and inducing mutations.
Cited by 1 Publication
1 Customer Review
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Conditional patched mutant tumor cells were treated with increasing concentrations cyclophosphamide (D), alone or in combination with 10 nmol/L BI-2536. Cells were cultured for 48 hours, pulsed with 3H-Td, and harvested for analysis of 3H-Td incorporation at 66 hours. Data represent means of triplicate samples ± SEM.
Cancer Res, 2013, 73(20):6310-22.. Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate purchased from Selleck.
Purity & Quality Control
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Biological Activity
| Description | Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, it attaches the alkyl group to the guanine base of DNA, shown to crosslink DNA, causing strand breakage and inducing mutations. |
|---|---|
| In vitro |
Cyclophosphamide (CY) is a chemotherapeutic agent with a dose-dependent, bimodal effect on the immune system. Cyclophosphamide treatment enhances apoptosis and decreases homeostatic proliferation of regulatory T cells. Cyclophosphamide downregulates the expression of GITR and FoxP3, which are involved in the suppressive activity of T(REGs).[1] Cyclophosphamide increases CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 protein levels in primary human hepatocyte cultures, which thereby enhances their own rates of 4-hydroxylation in the cultured hepatocytes. [2] Cyclophosphamide has produced mutations in base-pair substituting strains of Salmonella tryphimurium in the presence of metabolic activation, but it has been shown to be negative in the E. coli chromotest. Cyclophosphamide has been shown to produce gene mutations, chromosome aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges in a variety of cultured cells in the presence of metabolic activation as well as sister chromatid exchanges without metabolic activation. [3] |
| In vivo | Cyclophosphamide has also produced chromosome damage and micronuclei in rats, mice and Chinese hamsters, and gene mutations in the mouse spot test and in the transgenic lacZ construct of Muta Mouse. [3] Cyclophosphamide, when given in a defined sequence with a GM-CSF-secreting, neu-expressing whole-cell vaccine, enhances the vaccine's potential to delay tumor growth in neu transgenic mice. Cyclophosphamide mediates its effects by enhancing the efficacy of the vaccine rather than via a direct cytolytic effect on cancer cells. [4] |
Protocol
Solubility (25°C)
| In vitro | DMSO | 55 mg/mL (197.06 mM) |
|---|---|---|
| Water | 7 mg/mL (25.08 mM) | |
| Ethanol | Insoluble | |
| In vivo | Add solvents individually and in order: 5% DMSO+30% PEG 300+5% Tween 80+ddH2O |
40mg/mL |
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
Chemical Information
| Molecular Weight | 279.1 |
|---|---|
| Formula | C7H15Cl2N2O2P.H2O |
| CAS No. | 6055-19-2 |
| Storage | powder |
| Synonyms | N/A |
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Clinical Trial Information
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01585415 | Terminated | Metastatic Cancer|Melanoma | National Cancer Institute (NCI)|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) | April 9, 2012 | Phase 1 |
| NCT01319565 | Active, not recruiting | Metastatic Melanoma|Skin Cancer | National Cancer Institute (NCI)|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) | March 9, 2011 | Phase 2 |
| NCT01145209 | Active, not recruiting | Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma|CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)|University of Virginia|GlasoSmithKline|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) | June 9, 2010 | Phase 2 |
| NCT02500576 | Recruiting | Melanoma | M.D. Anderson Cancer Center|Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.|Prometheus Inc. | August 7, 2015 | Phase 2 |
| NCT01174121 | Recruiting | Metastatic Colorectal Cancer|Metastatic Gastric Cancer|Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer|Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma|Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma | National Cancer Institute (NCI)|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) | July 7, 2010 | Phase 2 |
| NCT03036904 | Not yet recruiting | Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma|High Grade B-Cell Lymphoma | Weill Medical College of Cornell University|Genentech, Inc.|Massachusetts General Hospital|M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | February 6, 2017 | Phase 1 |
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Question 1:
Why S2057 Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate shows no activity in vitro assays?
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Answer:
Cyclophoshamide is a prodrug and needs Pytochrome P450 to convert it to the active form: 4-hydroxy cyclophosphamide. It is widely used in vivo, if you are going to use it in vitro, you'll have to supplement Pytochrome P450 exogenously.
