Name: Ribavirin (ICN-1229)
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S2504
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (28 reviews)

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.97%

99.97

Related Targets	Integrase Bacterial Antibiotics Anti-infection Fungal COVID-19 Parasite Reverse Transcriptase HIV HCV Protease
Other Antiviral Inhibitors	Moroxydine HCl Aloperine GS-441524 Harringtonine Oleanolic Acid NGI-1 U18666A Aloin B LL-37 acetate Lapachol

Cell Culture, Treatment & Working Concentration

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Concentration	Incubation Time	Activity Description
E6SM cell lines	Function assay			Effective concentration required to inhibit Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1) / thymine kinase deficient (TK-)B2006 / VMW1837 induced cytopathicity by 50% in E6SM cell lines, EC50=0.005 μM
MDCK cells	Function assay		3 days	Antiviral activity against Influenza B virus (B/HK/5/72) infected in MDCK cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 3 days by microscopic analysis, EC50=0.094 μM
mouse L1210 cells	Function assay		20-60 mins	Inhibition of IMPDH in mouse L1210 cells assessed as formation of [2,8-3H]hypoxanthine from [2,8-3H]IMP after 20 to 60 mins, IC50=1 μM
human CEM cells	Function assay		20-60 mins	Inhibition of IMPDH in human CEM cells assessed as formation of [2,8-3H]hypoxanthine from [2,8-3H]IMP after 20 to 60 mins, IC50=1 μM
BHK21 cell line	Function assay			Inhibition of West Nile virus VLP replicon in BHK21 cell line, EC50=1.1 μM
HeLa cell	Function assay			Effective concentration required to inhibit respiratory synaptial(RSV) virus-induced cytopathicity by 50% in HeLa cell lines, EC50=1.5 μM
MDCK cells	Function assay		36 h	Antiinfluenza activity against influenza A virus H1N1 infected in MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 36 hrs, IC50=1.9 μM
MDBK cells	Function assay		2 days	Antiviral activity against Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1-NADL ATCC VR534 infected in MDBK cells assessed as reduction of viral cytopathic effect after 2 days bt MTS assay, EC50=4.6 μM
african green monkey Vero cells	Function assay		5 days	Antiviral activity against RSV A2 infected in african green monkey Vero cells after 5 days by plaque reduction assay, EC50=7 μM
HEL cells	Function assay		2-3 days	Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in HEL cells assessed as protection from virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 2 to 3 days by MTT assay, EC50=10 μM
HEK293 cells	Function assay		24 h	Inhibition of influenza A virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase expressed in HEK293 cells after 24 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, EC50=15 μM
human BE(2)-C cells	Function assay		18-20 h	Antiviral activity against Western equine encephalomyelitis virus infected in human BE(2)-C cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 18 to 20 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay, IC50=16 μM
human HuH7-J20 cells	Function assay			Antiviral activity against HCV JFH1 infected in human HuH7-J20 cells assessed as inhibition of viral life cycle by measuring secreted alkaline phosphatase level preincubated with cells for 1 hr followed by viral inoculation for 3 hrs measured at 72 hrs, EC50=30.4 μM
human MT4 cells	Cytotoxic assay		96 h	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay, CC50=31 μM
human HuH7 cells	Cytotoxic assay		3 days	Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells infected with HCV1b after 3 days by MTS assay, CC50=32 μM
human KB cells	Function assay		72 h	Antiviral activity against Rhinovirus type 13 infected in human KB cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 72 hrs relative to control
human KB cells	Function assay	1-1000 μg/ml	72 h	Antiviral activity against Rhinovirus type 13 infected in human KB cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect at 1 to 1000 ug/ml after 72 hrs
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 49 mg/mL (200.64 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : 49 mg/mL

Ethanol : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
Mass value Mass unit	Concentration value Concentration unit	Volume value Volume unit	Molecular weight (g/mol)

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo batch selection In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	2.450mg/ml (10.03mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 49 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	5% DMSO 1 95% Corn oil Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	0.306mg/ml (1.25mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 6.12 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg

Average weight of animals: g

Dosing volume per animal: μL

Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO

%

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

% DMSO

+

%

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such
as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	244.20864	Formula	C₈H₁₂N₄O₅	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder
CAS No.	36791-04-5	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	NSC-163039, RTCA, Tribavirin			Smiles	C1=NC(=NN1C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N

Mechanism of Action

In vitro

Ribavirin (ICN-1229) significantly reduces the efficiency with which progeny subgenomic replicons transfect new cells in the replicon system, although it has little effect on levels of HCV replication. This compound increases the mutation frequency of HCV, with the highest rates of mutations being found in the NS5A-encoding region. It enhances TH1 while inhibiting T 2 cytokine production by stimulated T cells. Ribavirin shows antiviral activity against a variety of RNA viruses and is used in combination with interferon-alpha to treat hepatitis C virus infection. It reduces infectious poliovirus production to as little as 0. 00001% in cell culture. Its antiviral activity is exerted directly through lethal mutagenesis of the viral genetic material. This compound markedly reduces viral-induced parameters of macrophage activation at physiologic concentrations (up to 500 mg/mL). It inhibits the production of IL-4 by Th2 cells, whereas it does not diminish the production of IFN-gamma in Th1 cells. Ribavirin exhibits antiviral activity against a broad range of both DNA and RNA viruses in vitro. It is a cytostatic agent and causes a reduction in synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins in exposed cells. It is thought to induce a switch in T-helper cell phenotype from type 2 to type 1.

References

[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16107837/
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11100123/
[3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11371613/

[4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9531310/
[5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16287208/

Applications

Methods	Biomarkers	Images	PMID
Western blot	p53 / p-p53 / p21 / Mdm2 EZH2 / p-ERK / ERK / p-eIF4E / eIF4E / p21 Cyclin D1 p-AKT / AKT / pBP1 / BP1		22962590
Growth inhibition assay	Cell number		21415224

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT05940545	Recruiting	CCHF	Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine	July 12 2023	Phase 1\|Phase 2
NCT04283513	Not yet recruiting	Hemorrhagic Fever	U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command	October 31 2022	Phase 2
NCT04335123	Completed	COVID-19	University of Kansas Medical Center	April 4 2020	Phase 1
NCT04285034	Completed	Lassa Fever	University of Oxford	November 26 2019	--
NCT03889106	Terminated	Lassa Fever	University of Oxford\|National Institute for Health Research United Kingdom\|Kenema Government Hospital\|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\|Public Health England	March 1 2019	--
NCT03585725	Terminated	Follicular Lymphoma\|Mantle Cell Lymphoma	Weill Medical College of Cornell University\|Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center	September 26 2018	Early Phase 1

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Handling Instructions

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Ribavirin (ICN-1229) Antiviral chemical

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 244.20864