DNA Damage

DNA damage is the DNA lesions including impair base-pairing and/or block DNA  replication and transcription, base loss, DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and DNA aberrations arise via physiological processes, such as DNA mismatches occasionally introduced during DNA replication and DNA strand breaks caused by abortive topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II activity.There are two kinds of DNA damage including endogenous damage and exogenous damage.Some factors which are produced by normal metabolic processes, such as reactive oxygen species, result in DNA damage.It is called endogenous damage.Some agents which are from outsource,including ultraviolet, radiation frequencies, certain plant toxins and cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy can lead to DNA damage. This is exogenous damage. A group of proteins are related to DNA damage including PARP, ATM, ATR, DNA-PK, and p53.

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