| S1396 |
Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol)
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Resveratrol has a wide spectrum of targets including cyclooxygenases(i.e. COX, IC50=1.1 μM), lipooxygenases(LOX, IC50=2.7 μM), kinases, sirtuins and other proteins. It has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular effects. Resveratrol induces mitophagy/autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis.
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Aging Cell, 2025, e70075
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Biomed Pharmacother, 2025, 190:118393
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Breast Cancer Res, 2025, 27(1):186
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| S1261 |
Celecoxib (SC-58635)
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Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 40 nM in Sf9 cells.
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Cancer Cell, 2025, S1535-6108(25)00494-5
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Emerg Microbes Infect, 2025, 14(1):2522877
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Breast Cancer Res, 2025, 27(1):186
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| S3017 |
Aspirin
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Aspirin is a salicylate, and irreversible COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. This compound induces autophagy and stimulates mitophagy.
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J Biol Chem, 2025, 301(2):108195
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PLoS One, 2025, 20(9):e0332825
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iScience, 2024, 27(10):110862
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| S1723 |
Indomethacin
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Indomethacin is a nonselective COX1 and COX2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively, used to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling.
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Nature, 2024, 10.1038/s41586-024-08257-4
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Cell Rep Med, 2024, 5(12):101849
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Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(18)10162
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| S8433 |
NS-398 (NS398)
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NS-398 (N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methane sulfonamide) is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), with IC50 values for human recombinant COX-1 and -2 of 75 and 1.77 μM, respectively.
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Antioxidants (Basel), 2025, 14(8)945
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Elife, 2023, 12e82970
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PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2022, 16(4):e0010402
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| S2007 |
Sulindac
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Sulindac(MK-231) is a non-steroidal COX inhibitor, which potently inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, used in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Nanoscale, 2025, 17(16):9947-9962
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iScience, 2024, 27(10):110862
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Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5351
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| S4686 |
Vitamin E
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Vitamin E (D-alpha-Tocopherol) is a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. It is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor dormancy through suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription.
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Elife, 2025, 13RP94169
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Cancer Drug Resist, 2025, 8:45
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Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):109
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| S2410 |
Paeoniflorin (NSC 178886)
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Paeoniflorin (NSC 178886, Peoniflorin), a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall, reduces COX-2 expression. It alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting HIF-1α through mTOR-dependent pathway.
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World J Emerg Med, 2024, 15(3):206-213
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Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 2023, 10.1002/kjm2.12736
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J Pers Med, 2022, 12(2)258
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| S2903 |
Lumiracoxib
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Lumiracoxib (COX-189) is a novel, selective COX-2 inhibitor with Ki of 0.06 μM. This compound also inhibits COX1 with Ki of 3 μM.
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Int J Biol Macromol, 2021, 187:603-613
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Cells, 2020, 9(9)E2005
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J Am Heart Assoc, 2020, 9(1):e013470
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| S7889 |
Xanthohumol
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Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hop, inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects. This compound inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and DGAT2 with both IC50 of 40 μM. It is also a potent antiviral agent against a series of DNA and RNA viruses. This chemical induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase 1.
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Oncotarget, 2025, 16:532-544
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J Cell Sci, 2024, 137(20)jcs262162
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Antiviral Res, 2022, 207:105416
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