TDO2 Antibody [L23B14] | Primary Antibodies

Application: Reactivity: Human

Lane 1: 293T, Lane 2: 293T (human TDO2 transfected)

Usage Information

Dilution
WB1:2000

Application
WB

Reactivity
Human

Source
Mouse Monoclonal Antibody

Storage Buffer
PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage (from the date of receipt)
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Observed MW
47.7 kDa
^*Why do the predicted and actual molecular weights differ? The following reasons may explain differences between the predicted and actual protein molecular weight.

Datasheet & SDS

Biological Description

Specificity
TDO2 Antibody [L23B14] detects endogenous levels of total TDO2 protein.

Clone
L23B14

Synonym(s)
chky; TDO; TDO2; TDOTO; TO; TPH2EC 1.13.11.11; TRPO; TRPOtryptophanase; Tryptamin 2,3-dioxygenase; tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Tryptophan Pyrrolase; Tryptophanase

Background
TDO2 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase), encoded by the TDO2 gene, functions as a heme-dependent homotetrameric enzyme catalyzing the initial, rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway by oxidizing L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine (hydrolyzed to kynurenine), thereby controlling systemic tryptophan catabolism predominantly in the liver with inducible expression in brain and tumors. It comprises four ~47 kDa subunits (406 aa each) in a dimer-of-dimers assembly featuring an all-α-helical fold; each monomer harbors a protoporphyrin IX heme bidentally coordinated by proximal His328 in a four-helix bundle active site, with substrate docking enabled by Arg144 (polarizes indole), Phe72/His76 (hydrophobic clamp), and N-terminal loops mediating positive cooperativity. TDO2 homotropically activates via Trp-induced conformational shifts propagating across interfaces, depleting local Trp to curb serotonin/melatonin while channeling flux to NAD+ biosynthesis and immunoregulatory kynurenines, Kyn binds/dimerizes AhR, translocating it to induce IDO1, TGF-β, IL-10 for T-cell anergy, Treg expansion, and M2 macrophage polarization; disease-wise, TDO2 overexpression in gliomas, breast, and colorectal cancers exploits this axis for tumor immune evasion (correlating with poor survival), while in neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's, schizophrenia), excess quinolinic acid drives NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity.

Background

TDO2 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase), encoded by the TDO2 gene, functions as a heme-dependent homotetrameric enzyme catalyzing the initial, rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway by oxidizing L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine (hydrolyzed to kynurenine), thereby controlling systemic tryptophan catabolism predominantly in the liver with inducible expression in brain and tumors. It comprises four ~47 kDa subunits (406 aa each) in a dimer-of-dimers assembly featuring an all-α-helical fold; each monomer harbors a protoporphyrin IX heme bidentally coordinated by proximal His328 in a four-helix bundle active site, with substrate docking enabled by Arg144 (polarizes indole), Phe72/His76 (hydrophobic clamp), and N-terminal loops mediating positive cooperativity. TDO2 homotropically activates via Trp-induced conformational shifts propagating across interfaces, depleting local Trp to curb serotonin/melatonin while channeling flux to NAD+ biosynthesis and immunoregulatory kynurenines, Kyn binds/dimerizes AhR, translocating it to induce IDO1, TGF-β, IL-10 for T-cell anergy, Treg expansion, and M2 macrophage polarization; disease-wise, TDO2 overexpression in gliomas, breast, and colorectal cancers exploits this axis for tumor immune evasion (correlating with poor survival), while in neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's, schizophrenia), excess quinolinic acid drives NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity.

References
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40136551/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25066423/

Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications

Protein Size (kDa)	PVDF Transfer Membrane Pore Size (μm)
< 10	0.22
10-20	0.22
20-30	0.45
30-45	0.45
45-70	0.45
80-100	0.45
100-140	0.45
> 140	0.45

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Protein Size (kDa)	Separating Gel Percentage
4-40	20%
12-45	15%
10-70	12.5%
15-100	10%
25-100	8%
60-210	5%