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ROS Activators

Cat.No. Product Name Information Product Use Citations Product Validations
S7873 Disodium (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate Disodium (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate (D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium) is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases with Ki of 10.87 ± 1.85 mM.
NAR Cancer, 2025, 7(1):zcaf003
Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):984
Cell Mol Immunol, 2022, 10.1038/s41423-022-00842-9
S3607 Sarsasapogenin Sarsasapogenin (SAR, Parigenin) is a steroidal sapogenin. It can provoke the generation of reactive oxygen species and activate unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. This compound potently inhibits NF-κB and MAPK activation, as well as IRAK1, TAK1, and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2022, 41(1):174
E8271New Sanguinarine citrate Sanguinarine (gluconate) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis. It activates reactive oxygen species (ROS), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in head and neck tumor cells and animal models. It also exhibits potent anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
S7913 MCB-613 MCB-613 is a potent steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) stimulator.
S5263 Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt Pyrroloquinoline quinone (methoxatin disodium salt), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, is a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. It is an efficient electron transfer catalyst from a number of organic substrates to molecular oxygen (O2), constructing quinoprotein model reactions.
S1046 Vandetanib Vandetanib is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2 with IC50 of 40 nM in a cell-free assay. It also inhibits VEGFR3 and EGFR with IC50 of 110 nM and 500 nM, respectively. Not sensitive to PDGFRβ, Flt1, Tie-2 and FGFR1 with IC50 of 1.1-3.6 μM. No activity against MEK, CDK2, c-Kit, erbB2, FAK, PDK1, Akt and IGF-1R with IC50 above 10 μM. This compound increases apoptosis and induces autophagy by increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Virulence, 2025, 16(1):2489751
bioRxiv, 2025, 2024.12.19.629395
Circulation, 2024, 150(7):563-576
Verified customer review of Vandetanib
S2843 BI-D1870 BI-D1870 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of S6 ribosome for RSK1/2/3/4 with IC50 of 31 nM/24 nM/18 nM/15 nM in cell-free assays, respectively; 10- to 100-fold selectivity for RSK than MST2, GSK-3β, MARK3, CK1 and Aurora B. This compound exhibits anticancer attributes including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy.
J Biol Chem, 2025, 301(10):110643
Cells, 2024, 13(18)1546
Sci Rep, 2024, 14(1):9440
Verified customer review of BI-D1870
S7309 BAY 87-2243 BAY 87-2243 is a potent and selective hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) inhibitor. This compound inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity, thus triggering a mitophagy-dependent ROS increase leading to necroptosis and ferroptosis. It exerts antitumor activity. Phase 1.
Cancer Sci, 2025, 116(8):2113-2124
Cancer Sci, 2025, 10.1111/cas.70102
Hum Reprod Open, 2024, 2024(1):hoae002
Verified customer review of BAY 87-2243
S8661 CA3 (CIL56) CA3 (CIL56) has potent inhibitory effects on YAP1/Tead transcriptional activity and primarily targets YAP1 high and therapy-resistant esophageal adenocarcinoma cells endowed with CSC properties. CA3(CIL56) induces ferroptosis and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Gastric Cancer, 2025, 10.1007/s10120-025-01630-w
Viruses, 2025, 17(3)400
Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1):26968
S6871 Sodium oxamate Sodium oxamate (SO, Aminooxoacetic acid, Oxamic acid) is an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that specificly inhibits LDH‑A. This compound induces G2/M cell cycle arrest via downregulation of the CDK1/cyclin B1 pathway and promotes apoptosis through enhancement of mitochondrial ROS generation.
Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(8):e2411943
Nucleic Acids Res, 2025, 53(17)gkaf882
Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(8):102292
S8615 Sodium Dichloroacetate (DCA) DCA (Sodium dichloroacetate), a specific inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) with IC50 values of 183 and 80 μM for PDK2 and PDK4 respectively, has been shown to derepress Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and a mitochondrial potassium-ion channel axis. Sodium dichloroacetate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, triggers apoptosis in cancer cells, and inhibits tumor growth.
bioRxiv, 2025, 2025.04.03.647023
bioRxiv, 2025, 2025.08.24.671623
bioRxiv, 2025, 2023.08.11.552890
S2271 Berberine chloride Berberine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. This compound activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. It decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. This chemical induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. It is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. It is also a potential autophagy modulator.
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis, 2025, 12(7)278
Adv Healthc Mater, 2023, e2300591.
Transl Oncol, 2023, 35:101712
S3238 Resibufogenin Resibufogenin (Bufogenin, Recibufogenin), a component of huachansu with anticancer effect, triggers necroptosis through upregulating receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylating mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein at Ser358. This compound exerts cytotoxic effect by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. It induces apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity. This chemical increases Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and suppresses cyclin D1, cyclin E, PI3K, p-AKT, p-GSK3β and β-catenin protein expression.
bioRxiv, 2025, 2025.07.17.665404
Research Square, 2024, 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3790060/v1
Phytomedicine, 2022, 102:154182
S5452 Sanguinarine chloride Sanguinarine, a plant alkaloid, is a potent and specific protein phosphatase (PP) 2C inhibitor. Sanguinarine chloride can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.
Cell Rep, 2023, 42(3):112186
Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:638215
S0056 (E/Z)-BCI (E/Z)-BCI (BCI, NSC 150117) is an inhibitor of dual specific phosphatase 1/6 (DUSP1/DUSP6) and mitogen-activated protein kinase with EC50 of 13.3 μM and 8.0 μM for DUSP6 and DUSP1 in cells, respectively. (E)-BCI induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in H1299 lung cancer cells.
S0770 Camalexin Camalexin, a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa and Arabidopsis (Cruciferae), can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This compound has antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities.
S3357 Elaidic acid

Elaidic acid is a major trans fatty acid that inhibits cell viability, elevates cell apoptosis by enhancing oxidative stress. This compound can be used as a pharmaceutical solvent.
S9611 ABTL-0812 ABTL0812 (α-Hydroxylinoleic acid, LP-10218, SCLN-0812) inhibits Akt/mTOR axis by inducing the overexpression of TRIB3 and activating autophagy in lung squamous carcinoma cell lines. ABTL0812 also induces AMPK activation and ROS accumulation.
S5584 Citronellol Citronellol (Dihydrogeraniol, (±)-β-Citronellol), a constituent of rose and geranium oils, is used in perfumes and insect repellents. This compound can cause necrotic apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells by up-regulating TNF-α, RIP1 / RIP3 activities, and down-regulating caspase-3 / caspase-8 activities. It also results in a biphasic increase in ROS production at 1 h and at 12 h in NCI-H1299 cells.
S4425 Rifamycin S Rifamycin S, a quinone and an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA), is a clinical drug used to treat tuberculosis and leprosy. This compound generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation.