| S7409 |
Anisomycin (Flagecidin)
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Anisomycin (Flagecidin, Wuningmeisu C) is a bacterial antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseolus, which inhibits protein synthesis, and also act as a JNK activator. Anisomycin upregulates autophagy and increases apoptosis.
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J Exp Med, 2025, 222(6)e20240272
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Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(2):101927
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Theranostics, 2025, 15(10):4398-4415
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| S9114 |
Polyphyllin I
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Polyphyllin I, a small molecular monomer extracted from Rhizoma of Paris polyphyllin, is used in the treatment of infectious disease and cancer. This compound inhibits proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in U251 cells. It is an activator of the JNK signaling pathway with a potential anti-glioma effect.
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Discov Oncol, 2025, 16(1):941
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Mol Med, 2024, 30(1):59
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Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2022, 2022:4031008
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| S7637 |
DTP3
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DTP3 is a selective GADD45β/MKK7 (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible β/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7) inhibitor and is able to restore MKK7/JNK activation. This compound inhibits cancer-selective NF-κB survival pathway.
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Life Sci Alliance, 2024, 7(8)e202302555
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MedComm (2020), 2023, 4(3):e269
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| S1950 |
Metformin Hydrochloride
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Metformin Hydrochloride (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide Hydrochloride) is a highly effective Antihyperglycemic Agent, which primarily decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis (glucose production by the liver). It also promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells and induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.
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Cell Biosci, 2025, 15(1):156
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mBio, 2025, e0063425
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Placenta, 2025, 165:50-61
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| S5958 |
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide)
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Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide), a widely used drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes. Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.
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Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1):271
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Theranostics, 2025, 15(17):9029-9046
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Int J Biol Sci, 2025, 21(9):4231-4251
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| S2271 |
Berberine chloride
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Berberine chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt from the group of isoquinoline alkaloids. This compound activates caspase 3 and caspase 8, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and the release of cytochrome c. It decreases the expression of c-IAP1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. This chemical induces apoptosis with sustained phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as generation of the ROS. It is a dual topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. It is also a potential autophagy modulator.
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J Cardiovasc Dev Dis, 2025, 12(7)278
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Adv Healthc Mater, 2023, e2300591.
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Transl Oncol, 2023, 35:101712
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| S3940 |
3'-Hydroxypterostilbene
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3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (3'-HPT) is one of the active constituents of Sphaerophysa salsula and Pterocarpus marsupium which may be useful in treating different types of haematological malignancies. This compound, a natural pterostilbene analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells (IC50s of 9.0, 40.2, and 70.9 µM for COLO 205, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells, respectively) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. It inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, and p38MAPK pathways and activates the ERK1/2, JNK1/2 MAPK pathways.
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Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25(18)9990
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| S4643 |
KB-R7943 mesylate
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KB-R7943 mesylate is a widely used inhibitor of the reverse Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX(rev)) with IC50 of 5.7 μM. This compound promotes prostate cancer cell death by activating the JNK pathway and blocking autophagic flux.
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| E8271New |
Sanguinarine citrate
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Sanguinarine (gluconate) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis. It activates reactive oxygen species (ROS), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in head and neck tumor cells and animal models. It also exhibits potent anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
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| S9698 |
Ezatiostat
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Ezatiostat, a tripeptide analog of glutathione, is a peptidomimetic inhibitor of Glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1). This compound activates c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK1) and ERK1/ERK2 and induces apoptosis.
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